SUBJECT INDEX

GENERAL hourglass perforation DATING evolution Aceramic hiiyiik AD, ad acculturation industrial amino-acid racemization amphora BC,bc antefix Kerbschnitt bone dating kitchen BP, bp straightener Leptolithic Bristlecone pine assemblage chronology association collagen astronomy contamination barrow Neolithic cross-dating battle- neoteny dating baulk New Archaeology dendrochronology berm Palaeolithic fission track dating palstave fluorine dating calendar, calendrics half-life capstone pebble hard water effect carination pilaster isotoptic fractionation pintadera isotopic replacement place names nitrogen dating portal obsidan hydration dating chevaux de frise porthole slab palaeomagnetism pot boilers potassium-argon dating Copper Age quem corbel rampart radiometric dating counterscrap bank rock-cut tomb sequence dating culture sacrifice seriation sati stratigraphy demography segmented cist tephrochronology diffusion, diffusionist septal slab terminus ante-quem, terminus distribution shaft grave post-quem dolmen situla thermoluminescence double axe uranium series dating dromos dyke tell entrance grave tepe ethnoarchaeology Three Age System MATERIALS evolution tore experimental archaeology tradition false entrance transepted antler fire arsenic firedog trilithon bone fishing underwater archaeology brick gallery grave urn bronze halberd vase support ceramic hillfort wristguard chalcedony hoard writing charcoal horizon yoke chert 571 572 Subject Index copper forging GEOLOGY daub geometric fabric gold Alleroo interstadial faience granulation Amersfoort interstadial flint ingot Anglian glass iron 801ling interstadial glaze lead boulder clay gold metal breccia greenstone BTI!Irup interstadial gypsum microburin earth hom Chelford interstadial iron midrib coombe rock ivory mould Cromerian jade patina deep sea cores jadeite pebble tool Denekamp interstadial jet pressure flaking Devensian lapis lazuli repousse drift lead retouch Eemian malachite rivet eustatic metal Aandrian mud-brick silver geochronology nephrite smelting geology glacial ochre tuyere Giinz pise Giinz/Mindel head sarsen ANALYSIS Hengelo interstadial serpentine Holstein shell atomic absorption Hoxnian silver spectrometry ice wedge steatite chemical analysis Illinoian stone heavy mineral analysis terracotta metallographic examination interglacial textile metallurgical analysis interstadial involution tin neutron activation analysis tumbaga optical emission spectrometry Ipswichian turquoise particle size analysis isostasy petrological analysis Loch Lomond stadia! sample loess thin section Mindel trace elements Mindel/ Riss x-ray fluorescence Moershoofd interstadial moraine spectrometry alloy Odderade interstadial Older Dryas bloom palaeosol bronze GENERAL periglacial bulb of percussion ENVIRONMENTAL pingo burnish proglacial casting coprolite Quaternary chasing Riss eire perdue ecology Riss/Wiirm cold working environmental archaeology Saale copper environmental indicators Sangamon core fen sea level crucible flotation stadia I enamel froth flotation Tertiary fabricator peat till filigree sieving Upton Warren flake site catchment analysis interstadial Subject Index 573

Valders Advance betel nut onager varves breadfruit osteology Weichselian cacao osteometric Windermere interstadial carbonization otoliths Wisconsin charred ovicaprids Wolstonian coconut palaeopathology Wiirm cotton pig Yarmouth grain impressions rhinoceros gourd sexing millet skeleton SOILS oats skull measurement palaeobotany small mammal bones Brown Forest soil palaeoethnobotany snails buried soils phytoliths trepanning colluvial potato urial earthworm sorting rice wolf eluvial horizon rye gleying sago horizon seeds SITE TECHNOLOGY humus sugar cane illuvial horizon sweet potato aerial photography lynchet wheat auger peat wood baulk pedology yams bleeper phosphate surveying bosing ploughmarks crop marks podzol ANIMALS AND dowsing profile ANIMAL REMAINS electromagnetic surveying recurrence surface frost marks rendzina ageing of skeletal material geophysics soil antlers grid sollessive ass level turf line magnetic surveying bear magnetometer beetles megger POLLEN ANALYSIS bird bones metal detector bison optical square absolute pollen counting bones photogrammetry Atlantic bone measurement resistivity meter brachycephalic resistivity surveying elm decline camel section landnam caprovines shadow marks palynology soil conductivity meter pollen analysis cephalic index soil marks pollen diagram coleoptera sondage pollen zones demography gaederopus Pre-Boreal dog surveying proportional pollen counting dolichocephalic theodolite Sub-Atlantic donkey triangulation Sub-Boreal elephant bones SEDIMENTS AND PLANT horn cores STRATIGRAPHY MACROFOSSILS horse hyaena clay African food production lion ditch aroids llama earth banana mammoth layer barley molluscs level mouflon loam 574 Subject Index

Munsell colour chart Em occupation layer Australopithecus eo lith particle size analysis Epi-Palaeolithic pit Bacho Kiro Erd posthole Baile Herculane Erteb0lle sand Bakers Hole evolution section Baradostian Fauresmith sediments baton de commandement Federmesser silt bear fire stake hole Bilzingsleben fishing stratigraphy Birsmatten flake texture Bir Terfawi Florisbad tip-line bison Font de Gaume blade Fontechevade Boomplaas Fourneau du Diable COMPUTING AND Brassempouy Fukui STATISTICS Brno Gabillou Broken Hill Gagerino Cave cluster analysis Bruniquel Gamble's computers Buret' Ghar-i Khar correlation burin database management system Burrill Lake Gully discriminant analysis Cabenge Green distribution Grimaldi mean Castanet Giinz model cave art Giinz/Mindel dwelling Hadar multidimensional scaling cave multivariate analysis Cave of Halfan principal components Charaman Hamburgian sample Charentian seriation Chatelperron simulation Cheddar (1) Hargeisan Fteah spatial analysis Chellean Haua Lodge standard deviation Chesowanja High statistics chipping floor Hoedic variable , Ciume§ti Homo habilis horsehoof cores Horsham PALAEOLITHIC Hoshino AND MESOLITHIC core Howiesonspoort (OLD WORLD) Cotte de St Brelade Hoxne coup de poing Hoxnian Abbeville, Abbevillian Covalanas Creswell hunting Acheulian Cromagnon hyaena Addaura Crvena Stijena Ileret Ahrensburg, Ahrensburgian Cuzoul lsi mila Ain Hanech Dabban lstallosko Alpera Dar es Soltan Isturitz Altamira Devensian lwajuku Ambrona Devils Lair Jabrud Amud, Amudian Dolni Vestonice man Angles-sur-!' Anglin Dos Aguas Jebel Ighoud Anglian Douar Doum Anyathian Dundo Kalemba Aq Kupruk Ebbsfleet Kamikuroiwa Arcy-sur-Cure Ehringsdorf Kanam Asprochalico Elandsfontein Kandanda elephant Kanjera Atlitian El Guettar Kapovo Subject Index 575

Kartan culture microburin reindeer Keilor microlith retouch Kenniff Cave Miriwun rhinoceros Kent's Cavern mobiliary art Robberg Khor Musa Mojokerto Roc de Sers Kiik Koba Molodova Romanelli Klasies River Mouth Montagu Cave Roonka Kokkinopilos Monte Circeo Rouffignac KomOmbo Montespan Saccopastore Koobi Fora Moshebi's Shelter Salzgitter-Lebenstedt Koonalda Mount Carmel Sambungmacan Kostenki Mount Do Sangiran KowSwamp Sangoan Krems Mousterian industries of North Sarnate Africa Sauveterrian Kyrrilovska Munyama Cave Schela LaChapelle Mwaganda scraper Laetoli Nachikufan Shanidar Narva Shirataki LagaOda Nasera Sidi Abd er Rahman Lake Arumpo Nderit Drift Smithfield Lake Mungo Soan River Lalinde neoteny Solutrian La Madeleine Ngandong Son Vi LaMicoque Niaux Soroki Lancefield Noailles Sozudai Nombe Spanish art Larnian Oakhurst Spy Ohanian Laugerie Oenpelli Shelters Staroselje Laussel Ofnet Steinheim Leang Burung Oldbury Stellmoor Lehringen Le Lazaret Olduvai Gorge Still bay Olorgesailie striking platform Leopard's Hill Omo Sungir Leptolithic Orangia Suzuki Pacitanian Swanscombe Les Eyzies Padina Levallois Paglicci Swiderian Levalloiso-Mousterian Pair-non-Pair Levanzo Palegawra lion Parpallo Talgai cranium Lothagam Paviland Luangwa variant Pavlov Tardiguet Lukenya Hill pebble tool Tasmania Lupemban Pech de l'Aze Taung Lyngby Pekin Man Tautavel Peninj Tayacian Maglemosean Perigordian Ternifine Makapan Petersfels Terra Amata Mal'ta Petralona Teshik Tash mammoth Pietersburg Teviec Marldeeberg Piltdown Teyjat Matupi Pincevent Thatcham Mauer Pomongwe Tingkayau Mauem Pontnewydd Torralba Meganthropus Predmost Torre in Pietra Meiendorf pressure flaking Trinil Melka Kontoure Qadan Tshangula Mezin Quinzano Tshitolian 576 Subject Index

Tuc d'Audoubert Benin Gombe Point Ubeidiyah Bigo gourd Uluuo Bir Terfawi Great Ushki Boomplaas Guinea Neolithic Vallonet Bosumpra Gumanye Venosa Bouar Gwisho venus figurines Broederstroom Hadar Vertesszollos Broken Hill Hafun Victoria Falls Buhen Halfan Vlasac Cairo Hargeisan Vogelherd calendar Willendorf Capeletti Hierakonpolis Wilton Capsian hieroglyph Yasumiba 'Capsian Neolithic' Homo erectus Yayo Carthage Homo habilis Yenisei Casamance Howiesonspoort Yiewsley Cave of Hearths Hyrax Hill Zarzi Charaman lberornaurusian Chesowanja lfe Zinjanthropus Chitope lgbo Ukwu Zlaty Kun Chondwe lleret Coldstream Cave lngombe llede Columnata lnyanga Cyrene lshango AFRICA Dabban lsmila (including ) Daima lwo Eleru Dar es Soltan Jebel et Tomat Abkan Debeira West Jebel lghoud AbuSimbel Deir el Bahari JebeiMoya Abydos Deloraine Farm Jebel Uweinat Acacus Dhar Tichitt Jenne Adrar Bous Ohio Dhlo Kabambian Adulis Djoser Kadero African food-production Doian Kalambo Falls Agordat DouarDoum Kalemba Agrelo Dundo Kalomo Ain Hanech Dynastic Egypt Kalundu Ajdabiyah Early Khartoum Kamilamba Akhenaten Eburran Kanam Akjoujt El Amarna Kandanda Albany industry Elandsfontein Kanem Amekni Ele Bor Kanjera Amun Elephantine Kansanshi 'Apollo 11' Cave El Guettar Kansyore ware 'Aquatic Civilization' El Khril Kapwirimbwe Arkin Katoto Ashir Engaruka Katuruka Aterian Esh Shaheinab Kerma Australopithecus faience Khafra Awdaghast Faras Khami Axum Fauresmith Khasm el Girba Azelik Fayum KhorMusa Badarian Fernando Po Khufu Bambandyanalo Florisbad Kilwa Bambata Gamble's Cave Kintampo Bambuk Gatung'ang'a Kisalian Bantu Gedi Klasies River Mouth Batalimo Ghana Klein Africa Begho Giza KomOmbo Benfica Gobedra Koobi Fora Benghazi Gokomere Kourounkorokale Subject Index 577

Kumadzulo Nubian A Group Urewe ware Kumbi Saleh Nubian C Group Utica Kush Oakhurst Uvinza Kwale Oldowan Victoria Falls Laetoli Olduvai Gorge Wadi Kubbaniya Laga Oda Olorgesailie Wilton Lake Arumpo Omo writing Lake Besaka Opone Wun Rok Lalibela Orangia Yala Alego Lalibela Cave Oxyrhyncus Yayo Leopard's Hill Pastoral Neolithic of East Yeha Leopard's Kopje Africa Yengema Leptis Magna Peninj Zenebi Falls Lothagam Phalaborwa Zimbabwe Lowasera Pietersburg Zinjanthropus Luangwa tradition Pomongwe Ziwa Luangwa variant Pre-Axumite Lukenya Hill Pre-dynastic Egypt Lupemban Punic Wars Lyden burg Madagascar Qadan LATER Mahdiya Qairawan Makapan Qal'a of the Banu Hammad PREHISTORIC Makwe Ramases II Mali Rhapta (post-Mesolithic) Manda Rim Mapungubwe Rob berg mastaba of Africa Aceramic Neolithic Matola Rop Adlerberg Matupi Rosetta Ai Bunar Mechta-Afalou Ruanga Aichbiihl megalithic monuments Sabratha Alapraia Meganthropus Sanga All Cannings Cross Mejiro Sangoan alignment Melka Kontoure Saqqara Almerian Memphis Semna Almizarque Merimde Senegambian Als6nemedi Meroe Shamarkian amber millet Sidi Aberderrahman Amfreville Montagu Cave Sinai Amorgos Moshebi's Shelter Smithfield Anghelu Ruju mosque Sousse Antequera Mousterian industries of North sphinx Anza Africa Sterkfontein Apennine Bronze Age Munyama Cave Still bay Mwanganda Swartkrans Argissa Nabta Playa Taforalt Ariu§d Nachikuban Tamaya Mellet Arras Nana Madol Taruga astronomy Narosura Tardiguet Aszod Nasera Taung Natal Early Tenere Neolithic Aunjetitz Naukratis Ternifine axe factory Nderit Drift Thebes Ayia Triada Nderit ware Tiemassas Aylesford Nhunguza Tilemsi Valley Azmak, Tell Njoro River Cave Tshangula Babadag Nkope Tshikapa Baden Nkudzi Tshitolian Baile Herculane Nok turquoise Banjica Ntereso Tutankhamum Barche di Solferino 578 Subject Index

Barclodiad Y Gawres Ciume~ti Ezero Barkaer circumpolar cultures Fafos coinage faience barrow Coka false entrance Barumini collared urn Fatyanovo Basse Yutz Coppa Nevigata Ferrieres Battersea Shield corbel battle-axe Corded ware firedog Beaker Cortaillod First Temperate Neolithic Belgae Cortes de Navarra flint mine Belverde Cotofeni fogou Bibracte Coveta de l'Or Fontbouisse Birdlip Crickley Hill food vessel Biskupin Crnoliicka Bara boat axe cromlech frying pan Bodrogkeresztur cross dating Fiizesabony bog burials Crvena Stijena Gaudo Boian Cucuteni-Tripolye Borg-in-Nadur Cueva de Ia Sarsa Geleen bossed bone plaque cup and ring mark Ghar Dalam Boyne culture Curacchiaghiu 's grave Branc currency bar Glanum Glasinac Cycladic Glastonbury Brzsc Kujawski Cyclopean masonry Globular Amphora Bubanj-hum Danilo Golasecca Buccino Goljamo Delcevo Bug-Dniester Dejbjerg Gomolova Biikk Dereivca Gorods'ke Burgiischi-See Sud Desborough Gornja Tuzla Bush Barrow Devere I-Rim bury Gortyn Butmir Dhimini Grachwil Bylany Diana Gradesnica Callanish Dinas Powys Graig Llwyd Camerton-Snowshill Divostin Grauballe Man Canegrate Dnieper-Do nets Great Langdale dolmen Grimes Graves carnyx domus de janus Grivac carp's tongue double axe Ciiscioarele Druids Gudnja Cassibile Dude~ti Gumelnita Castelluccio dun Gundestrup castro Durrington Walls Gussage All Saints cattle dyss Gwithian cauldron Ebbsfleet Haba~~ti causewayed camp Egolzwill Hagar Qim Cavdar Egtved Hajdusamson Celt, Celtic El Argar halberd Elateia Hallstatt Celtic field Eleusis Hal Saflieni Cernavoda El Garee! Hamangia Cernica El Oficio Hambledon Hill chamber tomb Elsloo Hatvan Chalandriani Els Tudons Helladic Chassey En komi Hem bury Chateauneuf-les-Martigues Enserune benge chevaux de frise entrance grave Herpaly Chiozza En tremont Heuneburg Chotnika Ephesus hill fort Ciempozuelos Erimi Hjortspring Orcea Este Hod Hill Subject Index 579

Hohmichele lunula pan-pipe lug Horgen lur Pantalica horns of consecration Mad'arovce Pantelleria Huelva Maes Howe passage grave hunebed Magdalenska Gora Passo di Corvo Hvar Maiden Castle Pecel Idaean Cave Maikop Pecica lie Cam Mailhac pennanular brooches lie Longue Maliq Periam Impressed ware Mallia Peschiera incense burner Maltese temples Peterborough ware Indo-European Manching Petre§ti lzvoare Mamians Peu Richard Jarlshof Matarrubilla Phaistos Jaszdozsa Matera Phylakopi Jordanova Meare Pianello Juodkrante Medvednjak Piano Conte Kamares Cave megalithic monuments Piestina Kapaa megaron Picene Karanovo Melos pintadera Karbuna menhir Pit-comb ware Kazanlik Michelsberg Plocnik Kephala Mikhajlovka Polada Khirokitia Milazzo Poliochni Kisapostag Mindelheim Poljanica kitchen midden Minoan Porodin Kivik Minyan portal dolmen Knossos Mokrin Postoloprty Knowth Molfetta Praia das Macas Knoviz Monteoru Predonica Koln-Linden thai Miinsingen Prezletice Kolomiiscina murus gallicus Primary Neolithic Kosziderpadlas Mycenaeans Pylos Kuban culture Myrtos Quantemess Kunda culture Nagyrev Quinzano Kujavian grave Narva Remedello Kurgan naveta Rilla ton Lagozza Nea Nikomedeia Rinaldone lake village Nebo Ripoli La Tene Nemunas River Rivoli Laterza New Grange Rixheim Lausitz Nitrianski Hradok rock-cut tomb Lebous nuraghe Roquepertuse Lengyel Obre Rossen obsidian Rudna Glava Lema oculus Ruse Let Odmut Rzucewo Leubingen oppidum Sabatinovka Levkas Orchomenos Salacea Lindholme H0je Ornament Horizon Salamis Linear A Osa Sale uta Linear B Otomani Saliagos Otzaki Sarnate Lipari . Ovcarovo sarsen Lisicici Ozieri Schela Little Woodbury Padina Scoglio del Tonno lock-ring palafitta Secondary Palanga segmented cist Palermo Seine-Oise-Marne tombs Lough Gur Palmela Selevac Lubna palstave Serra d'Alto 580 Subject Index

Serraferlicchio Tordos agger torre agora severed head cult Toszeg Agrigento Sevem-Cotswold tombs TRB culture alabastron shaft grave transepted gallery grave Alexander the Great -last trilithon Alexandria Silbury Hill Troldebjerg amphitheatre Single Grave culture Tru§e~ti amphora Sitagroi Trzciniec Ampurias Sittard culture ante fix situla Uioara de Sus Antonine Wall Unetice aqueduct Skorba urn Archaic Smilcic urnfield, U rnfield culture arena Snettisham Usatovo culture Argos Somerset Levels Vadastra Aries Somme Bionne Valac Arretium So pot-Lengyel Val Camonica aryballos Soroki Valea Lupului askos Soufli Vapheio Athens South Cadbury Varna atrium spacer plate vase support Attic Spiennes Veselinovo Augst Spissky-Sturtov Veszto Autun Square-mouthed pottery Vidra Baal beck Stanwick Vila Nova de Sao Pedro ballista Starcevo Villanovan barbotine statue-menhir Vinca basilica Stentinello vitrified fort Bath stone circle Vix baths, Roman Vladimirovka Benghazi Straubing Vlasac Black Figure ware Strelice v-perforation Bologna Strettweg Vrsnik Boudicca Stroke-ornamented ware Vucedol bouleuterion Succase Waldalgesheim box flue Sventoji Wayland's Smithy Britannia Symbolkeramik culture bucchero Szegvar-Tiizkoves Western Neolithic Byzantium, Byzantine talayot West Kennet Caerleon Tara wheelhouse calendar, calendrics Tarquinia Windmill Hill Canterbury Tartaria Woodhenge cantharus Tarxien wristguard capital taula writing Capitol tell Xemxija Capua terp yoke cardo Terramara Zakro Carthage Thapsos Zambujal caryatid Thera Zebbug catacomb Thermi Zelena Pecina cella tho los Zengovarkony centuriation Tibava Zi'ota Cerveteri chamber tomb Timmari Chedworth lirpe~ti AND Chester Tiryns ROME Chiusi Tisza cippus Tiszapolgar acropolis circus Tollund Man acroterion Cirencester tore Adria civitas Subject Index 581

Classical intaglio Palermo classis Britannica Ionic Palmyra coinage kernos Pantheon Colchester laeti Parthenon Cologne lam ax Parthian colonia Laurion pediment Colosseum legion Pergamum colour-coated ware Leptis Magna peristyle columbarium Levkas Philippi column Lezoux pilaster Corbridge limes Piraeus Corinth Lincoln Pithekoussai Corinthian Pompeii Co sa Lyons Pont du Gard crater macellum Portchester Cumae Magna Graecia pozzuolana cuniculus Mainz Priene curia mansio Protogeometric Cyrene Marathon prytaneum Dalmatia marching camp Punic Wars Delos Marseilles Red Figure ware Delphi Marzabotto Rhodes Doric mausoleum rhyton dromos Merida Richborough Druids Mildenhall Sabratha Eleusis mile fort Rome Ephesus milestones Salamis Epidauros Miletus Saxon Shore Erechtheum Mithraeum Segesta Ermine Street Mithras Segovia Etruscan mortarium Seven Wonders of the World Este mosaic Seleucid fibula Motya Silchester Fish bourne municipium So union florence Naples South Cadbury foederati Narce Sparta forum Naukratis Spina Fosse Way Naxos Split Gades Nene Valley ware Spondylus gaederopus garum New Forest ware stadium Gaul Nimes stamnos geometric Nora Stanegate glans plumbea Noricum stoa Glanum Numidia strigil Gloucester nymphaeum Sybaris Gortyn odeum Syracuse Griichwil Olympia Taranto gymnasium Olynthus Tarquinia Hadrian's Villa opus incertum Tarragona Hadrian's Wall opus reticulatum Tartessos Halicarnassus opus sectile terra sigillata Hellenistic opus signinum tessera Herculaneum Orange tetrarchy hippodrome orientalizing Tharros Hod Hill Ostia theatre horrea ostrakon Thebes Housesteads Oxyrhyncus tholos hydria Paestum Trajan's Column hypocaust pagus Trier lnchtuthil palaestra triumphal arch insula Palatine Troy 582 Subject Index

Utica Chemigov Hull vallum chip carving Huns Veii church Husterknupp Verona Cistercian ware Iceland Verulamium Cividale icon Vetulonia claw beaker illuminated manuscript vic us cloisonne interlace villa codex Iona Volterra Cologne Ipswich ware Water Newton Cordoba Jarlshof Watling Street Corinth Jarrow writing costrel Jellinge Wroxeter Cracow Jellinge style Xanten crannog Jutes cruck Kaupang Dalriada Kiev Danekirke Kings Lynn MEDIEVAL EUROPE Dane law Knowth deserted medieval villages Kootwijk Aachen Dinas Powys Krefeld-Gellep abbey Domburg Kremlin acoustic vessels Domesday Book lead glaze albarello Dorestad Lindholme H0je Alfred Jewel Dublin Lindisfame Alfred the Great Dunadd Lindisfarne Gospel Andenne ware Escomb LOddekopinge Anglo-Saxon Farfa LOdose Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Feddersen Wierde Lombards archaic maiolica feudalism long house Ardagh Chalice filigree Luni Arthur Finglesham manor bacini Aemish blackwares Mary Rose Badorfware Forum ware Medemblik barrow Franks Mercia basilica Frisians Merovingian battle-axe Fyrkat Middleburg Bayeux Tapestry Gallurus Oratory Migration Period Bede Gdansk Mikulcice Benghazi Genoa Miletus Benty Grange helmet Glastonbury millefiori Beowulf Gnezdovo moated sites Bergen Gniezno Monreale Cathedral Bewcastle Cross Gokstad ship Monthaillou boat burial Goth mortar boat-shaped buildings Granada Moscow Book of Kells grange motte and bailey Bradford-on-Avon grass-marked pottery Mucking burh grass-tempered pottery Mudejar By gland Graveney Boat Naranco Byzantium, Byzantine Greenland niello Canterbury Grubenhiiuser Nitra Carolingian Gwithian Noirmoutier Cashel Hagia Sophia Normans castle Hamburg North umbria Celtic art hanging bowls Novgorod ceramique onctueuse Hedeby Nydam champleve enamelling Helgo Offa's dyke Charlemagne HenDomen ogham Chartres Hispano-Moresque pottery opole Chateau Gaillard hog-back tombs Oseberg ship Cheddar Hradiste Ostr6w Lednicki Subject Index 583

Otranto mosaic Tamworth Mshatta Paffrath ware Tara Mudejar Palermo Tassilo chalice Nishapur Pantano Longarini Tating ware Qairawan pattern welding terp Qal'a of the Banu Hammad pennanular brooches Thetford Qasr al-Hayr, East Pictish symbol stones tin-glazed pottery Raqqa Picts Tintagel Samarkand pilgrim Torcello Samarra Piltdown Trelleborg Siraf Pingsdorf ware Trewhiddle Sohar place names Trondheim Sousse polychrome Tyldal chair Timur, Timurid Portchester Urnes Ukhaidir Poman Vallhager Wasit preaching cross Vandals proto-maiolica vernacular architecture WESTERN Quentovic Viking rath Vorbasse Abu Hureyra, Tell Ravenna Warendorf Aceramic Neolithic Reichenau Warsaw Achaemenid Reihengraberfeld Wealden House Ain Mallaha relics Wessex A-kalam-dug relief-band amphora West Stow Akkad Repton Wharram Percy Akkadian Rhodes Winchester Alaca Hiiyiik Ribbleshead Winchester style Alalakh ridge and furrow wrist clasps Aleppo Ringerike style Yeavering ringwork York Ali§81" Rivoli AI Mina Roskilde ISLAMIC Amlash Rougiers Amorites round towers ARCHAEOLOGY Amud, Amudian runes, runic Ajdabiyah Amuq Ruthwell Cross Ashir St Gall plan Baghdad Antioch St Ninian's Isle Balkh Anu Saintonge ware Bamiyan Aqrab, Tell Saint Urnel Banbhore Arpachiyah, Tell Salin styles I-III Basrah Ascalon San Vincenzo Bukhara Asiab, Tepe sceatta Cairo Asikli Hiiyiik schist hones Cordoba Asmar, Tell scramasax Damascus Assur sgraffito wares Fatimid Skellig Michael Ghazni Aswad, Tell Slavs Granada Atchana, Tell Smolensk Herat Atlitian Smyrna Isfahan Baal Southampton Jam Baalbek South Cadbury Jerusalem Babylon Split Khirbet al-Mafjar Babylonia stained glass Kilwa Bactria Stamford ware Kufa Baghdad Staraya Ladoga Lashkari Bazar Bahrain Stare Mesto Mahdiya Bakun, Tall i stave construction Marrakesh Banbhore stoneware Mecca Baradostian Medina Basrah Takht-i Sulaiman mosque Beersheba 584 Subject Index

Beidha Godin Tepe Matarrah Beit Mirsim, Tell Gordion Mecca Bel basi Guran, Tepe Medes Beldibi Guti Medina Beth Shan megalithic monuments Beycesultan Haftavan Tepe Megiddo Bible, the Haft Tepe Meluhha Bisitun Hajji Firuz Boghazki:iy Hajji Muhammad Mes-kalam-dug Halaf, Tell Brak, Tell Halicarnassus Miletus Byblos Hama Minaean Byzantium, Byzantine Harmal, Tell Mitanni Caesarea Hasanlu Mithras calendar Hassuna M'lefaat, Tell camel Hatra Mount Carmel Canaanites Hawr Mshatta Can Hasan Hesi, Tell el Mundigak Cape Gelidonya Hissar, Tepe Munhata Carchemish Hittites Mureybat <;a tal H iiyiik Hurri Nahal Oren cattle hiiyiik Natufian <;ayi:inii Tepesi Hyksos Nineveh Chaldea lblis, Tal-i Nippur ChogaMami Indo-European Nishapur Choga Mish Isfahan Nuzi Choga Zanbil Israelites obsidian Cimmerians clay tablets Jemdet Nasr Palegawra coinage Palmyra cotton Jerusalem Parthian cuneiform Judeidah Pasargadae Damascus Kadesh Peoples of the Sea Dead Sea Scrolls Karatepe Pergamum Dilmun Karim Shahir Persepolis Diyala Kassites Persia Dura Europus Petra Early Dynastic Period Khafajeh Philistines Ebla Khirbet al-Mafjar Phoenicians Khirbet Kerak Phrygia Khorsabad pig Enlil Kish Pre-pottery Neolithic Ephesus Kizilkaya Proto-Elamite Erbil Krak des Chevaliers Puabi Kufa Qasr al Hayr, East Eshnunna Kiiltepe Qatabanean faience Lachish Qatna Far'ah, Tell el Lagash Ras al-Amiya lapis lazuli Raqqa filigree Larsa Sabaean Flood, the Luristan Sabz, Tepe , Tepe Luwians sacrifice Gawra, Tepe Lycia Sak~e Gi:izii Gaza Lydia Samaria Gebal Magan Samarra Gezer Malatya Sarab, Tepe Ghar-i Khar Malian, Tal-i Sassanian Ghassul, Teleilat el Mardikh, Tell Sawwan, Tell-es Gilgamesh Mari Seleucid Giyan, Tepe Marlik, Tepe Shahdad goat Masada Shanidar Subject Index 585

Shahr-i Qumis Ang-ang-hsi Ajanta Shahr-i Sokhta Animal Style Alamgirpur Shechem Aq Kupruk Amaravati sheep Baikal Neolithic Amri Shuruppak Balkh Anuradhapura Sialk, Tepe Bamiyan Arikamedu Sidon Begram Aryans Sinai Bel'kachi I Asoka Sippur Bon-po Atranjikhera Siraf Buddhism BaJa Kot Sohar Buret' Banas Suberde coinage Bedsa Sumer Djeitun Bhaja Dralang Bharhut Takht-i Sulaiman rDo-rili Black and Red ware Tarsus Geoksyur Bodh Gaya Taya, Tell Ghazni Buddhism tell Gladkaia I Burzahom Telloh Hadda Chandoli tepe Herat Chanhu-Daro Timna Ivolga Charsada Timur, Timurid Jam Dabar Kot Troy Kakanj Damb Buthi turquoise Kandahar Damb Sadaat Tyre Karasuk Ell ora Ubeidiyah Kurgan Gandhara Ubaid Lashkari Bazar Gandhara Grave culture Ugarit Mal'ta Ganges civilization Ukhaidir Gangetic hoards Umm an-Nar Minysinsk Basin Gilund Umm Dabaghiyah Molodova Hallur Uqair, Tell Mundigak Harappa Ur Namazga-depe Harappan civilization Urartu Nogliki I Hastinapura Uruk Noin-Uia Jhukar Wadi Fallah Ordos Jorwe Wasit Pazyryk Judeiijo-Daro writing sPu Kalibangan Yahya, Tepe Pusan Kanheri Yanik Tepe aPy' oii-rgyas Karli Rati Kausambi Zagros rice Kechi Beg Zarzi Samarkand Kili Ghul Mohammed Zawi Chemi Shanidar Sidemi culture Kondane ziggurat Shindo Kot Diji Zinjirli Sungir Kulli Ziwiye Surk Kotal Kushan Susyua Lothal Teshik Tash Lumbini CENTRAL ASIA Timur, Timurid Magadha AND SIBERIA Ulan Khada Maheshwar Ushki Malwa Ust' Belaia Mathura Afanasievo Xiongnu Mauryas, Mauryan Ai Khanum Yenisei megaliths Alehi Me hi Altai AND Mehrgarh Altin-depe Mohenjo-Daro Amur Neolithic Mundigak Anau Ahar Nal Andronovo Ahichchatra Nasik 586 Subject Index

Navdatoli Dahe Northern Black Polished ware Dantu Ningxiang Ochre-coloured pottery Dapenkeng oracle bones Orissa Dian Panglongcheng Painted Grey ware ding Pekin man Patna drums Peng Xian Piklihal Dunhuang Pingshan Polonnaruwa Eastern Zhou period Puducun Quetta Erligang phase Qijia Rajagriha Erlitou Qin Raj ghat Five Dynasties period Qing Rana Ghundai Fufeng Qinglian'gang Rigveda Fu Hao Qin Shi Huangdi ringwells Gaocheng Qishan Rupar ge Qujialing San chi Geometric pottery rice Sankisa glass ritual vessels Great Wall of Rong and Di Sarnate gui Santa Ana sati Guweicun shaft tombs Shahi Tump Handan Sham Wan Sisupalgarh Han dynasty Shang Soan River hangtu Shangcunling Sotka Koh Hemudu Shilou stupa Homo erectus Shou Xian Sur Jangal Hong Kong silk Sutkagen Dor Hougang Silk Route Taxila Houma Si Mu Wu fang ding Tekkalakota Huai style Sinan Ujjain huang Six Dynasties Utnur iron and steel Song Vaisali jade Spring and Autumn period writing Jiangling Sufutun Zhob Jincun Sui Kexingzhuang Sui Xian Kezuo lacquer Taiwan CHINA lei wen Tangshan Lelang Tang Anyang li Tanjong Kubor Ba and Shu Liangzhu taotie li ding Tongliishan Ban shan Lifan Tunxi Baoji Lingtai Turfan Beijing Linyi Warring States period Beiyinyangying Liulige Western Zhou period bells Liyu white pottery belt hook Longmen writing bi Longshan Wucheng bianzhong Loulan Wujin Yancheng ceramics lungshanoid Wuwei Chang'an Luoyang Xi a Changsha Machang Xiasi burials Majiabang Xiananggang Chengdu Majiayao Xincun Chu Mancheng Xinyang Chunqiu Mwangdui Xinzsheng eire perdue metallurgy Xiongnu coinage Miaodigou Yan crossbow millet Yangshao Dadunzi Ming yao Subject Index 587

Yongtai Dammayan Temple Maros points Yuan Devaraja Mataram Yue Dimolit megalithic monuments Yuezhi Doc Chua Meganthropus Yungang Dong-dau Mi-s'on Yunmeng Dong-du'o'ng Mojokerto Zhangjiapo Dong-son Mon Zhanguo Dvarvati Mon-Khmer Zhengzhou Funan Mount Do Zhongyuan Gilimanuk Nagarakritiigama Zhou Glass Palace Chronicle Nam Viet Zhou capitals Go Bong Ngandong Zhoukoudian GoMun Niah zong gourd Non' NokTha zun Gua Cha obsidian Gua Kechi! Oc-Eo Gua Lawa Pacitanian SOUTHEAST ASIA Hamsavati Pagan Harihara!aya Panduranga Amaravati Haripunjaya P'an-p'an Ananda Temple Heekeren, H.R.van Papuan Angkor Hoabinhian Pararaton Angkor Borei Homo erectus Pasemah Plateau AngkorThom Hong Kong Paso AngkorWat Huxley's Line Anyathian Indianization Phimai Arimaddanapura Phongsavadan Au-Lac Indrapura Phung-nguyen Ayutthaya ISanapura Plain of Jars Bacsonian Java Po Nagar Bakong Jih-nan Prambanan Bali Kadiri Preah Vihear Banaue Kalanay Pyu Ban Chiang Kambuja Quynh-van Ban Kao Kauthara rice Banteay Ch'mar kettle drum sago Banteay Srei Khmer Sa-huynh Baphuon Koh Ker Sailendra Baray Kok Charoen Sai Yok Bayon Kosipe Sambungmacan betel nut Kota Batu Sangiran Borneo Kuala Selinsing Sanjaya Borobudur Kulen Santa Ana Buddhism Lac-viet Santubong Burma Lake Sentani Sawankhalok Cabenge Lan Chang Sdok Kak Thorn Lang-cii Sham Wan Calatgan Shwezigon Temple Cambodia LanNa Singhasiiri Celebes Somrong Sen Lapita culture Son Vi Lavo Chenla Leang Burung Srikshestra Chiao Leang Tuwo Mane'e Chiao-Chih Lin-yi sugar cane chopper/ chopping tool Loro Jonggrang Sukhothai coconut Madai Caves Sulawesi Coedes, George Mahendraparvata Co-loa Sunda shelf Da But Suvamabhumi Dai Viet Malayu Syam 588 Subject Index

Tabon Caves Satsumon Halawa Valley Taiwan Sempukuji Hane Tambralinga Shinto Hawaiian Islands Tamjong Kubor Shirataki Heiau Tasadays Sozudai Holuke'a temple mountain Sue horsehoof cores Sugu Huxley's Line Thatbyinnu Temple Suzuki Ingaladdi Thaton Tagajo Kafiavana Timor Takamatsuzuka Kartan culture Tingkayu Torihama Kauri Point Toalian industry Toro kava Tra-kieu Tsubai Otsukayama Keilor Trinil Ubayama Kenniff Cave Ulu Leang Uryudo Kimberley Point U-Thong Yamato Kiowa Van-lang Yasumiba Kon-Tiki Vat Ph'u Yayoi Koonalda Kosipe Vijaya KowSwamp Vyadhapura AUSTRALASIA AND Kuk Wallacea Lake Hauroko burial yams OCEANIA Lake Mangakaware pa YaSodharapura Lake Mungo Yiivadvipa ahu Lake Ngarato pa aroids Lake Nitchie Australian Core Tool and Lake Sentani Scraper tradition Lancefield Australian Small Tool tradition Langi tombs Austro-Asiatic Lapita culture Ainu Austro-Thai Macassans Asuka Austronesian Maeva bells BalofCave Mahaiatea Buddhism banana Makaha Valley Dazaifu Bellows Beach Mangaasi Doigahama betel nut Maoris figurines Bondi point macae Fukui Marianas Islands Haji breadfruit Maros point haniwa Broad beach Marquesas Islands Heijo Palace Burrill Lake Rockshelter MaunaKea Hoshino Chams Maupiti burial site ldojiri Chatham Islands megalithic monuments Inariyama Cleland Hills Melanesia Itazuke Cloggs Cave Micronesia Iwajuku coconut Misisil Cave Jomon Cohuna moas Kamegaoka Cook, James Mootwingee Kamikuroiwa Cook Islands Mossgiel Karako Devils Lair Motupore Kojiki Downs Mu'a Kofun Dimolit Nan Madol megalithic monuments dingo Necker Island metallurgy Early Man Shelter New Britain mirrors Easter Island Nakada Fiji New Guinea Natsushima Fromms Landing Nihon Shoki gourd Nom be Okhotsk culture Graman Oenpelli Shelters Omori Green Gully obsidian rice Ha'amonga Opunohu Subject Index 589

Orongo Burial Mound period pintadera Otakanini Plano pa Cape Krusenstern Palau Islands Chaco Canyon Pueblo Palliser Bay Chiricahua Panaramitee art Choris pyramid Papuan languages Clovis site Pirri point Cochise San Pedro Pitcairn Island Cody Polynesia Dalton Snake town Polynesian Outliers Southern Cult Puamau Valley Denbigh Flint Complex Spiro Pulemelei Desert tradition Sulphur Springs Punapau Dorset tradition Temple Mound period Puntutjarpa culture Thule tradition Pu'uhonua Eskimo tradition Rano Raraku Etowah turquoise rice Folsom Valders Advance Rongorongo Fort Rock Basin Roonka Fraser River sites Williamsburg Roy Mata Hakataya Wisconsin sago Hell Gap yoke Sahul Shelf Hopewell MESOAMERICA shell mounds horizon Sigatoka Illinoian Society Islands lpiutak Solomon Islands jade astronomy sugar cane Jamestown Aztec sweet potato ball Taipivai Kolomoki Barton Ramie Talasea Koster Talgai cranium labret Broken K Pueblo Taputapuatea Lamoka cacao Tartanga L'Anse aux Meadows calendar Tasmania Llano Calendar Stone Tirimoana pa maize cenote Tonga Cerro de las Mesas Tulaadze Meadowcroft Rock Shelter Chacmool Vailele mean ceramic dating chaltoon Vaito'otia Medicine Lodge Creek Chenes Vanuata Mesa Verde Chiapa de Corw Vinapu Chicane! Wairau Bar Middle Missouri tradition Wallacea Mimbres Chichimec yams Mississipi tradition Cholula Yap Mogollon Classic period Cave Coatepantli NORTH AMERICA Nahuatl codex Northwest Coast tradition Copan Adena Norton corbel Anasazi obsidian cotton Archaic Okvik Coyotlatelco Arctic Small Tool tradition Old Bering Sea Cozumel atlatl Old Copper culture Basketmaker Cuicuilco Bat Cave Old Crow Flats cylindrical tripod vase Bering Land Bridge Onion Portage Danzantes Big Game Hunting tradition Ozette bison Paleo-Indian El Tajin pipe-stem dating Formative period 590 Subject Index

Grey ware Tialoc griddle Huasteca Tiapacoya incense burner To!tee Huaca Tres Zapotes jade Triple Alliance Huari Jaina Tula Humaita Juxtlahuaca Cave turquoise Ilopanga Tzakol Inca labret Initial Period Las Bocas integration period La Venta Valseq uillo Intermediate Period La Victoria Xochicalco Intihuasi Cave maize yoke Maroon Zapotec labret mano Zemi Lagoa Santa Caves Maya Late Horizon Lauricocha Caves Mazapan llama Mesoamerica SOUTH AMERICA lomas metate milpa Agrelo Machalilla Miraflores Aguada Mitla Alaka Magellan Complex Mixtec Arauqinoid maize Monte Alban Arawak manioc Nahuatl Ayacucho mano obsidian Ayampitin Marajo Island sites Olmec Aymara Marca Huamchuco Bahia Meillacoid phase Paleo-Indian Barrancoid metate perforation Carib Middle Horizon Piedras Negras ceremonial centre Moche pintadera Cerro Sechin Momil Plumbate ware Chancay Nasca Post-Classic period Chavin obsidian Putun Chibcha Ostinoid Puuc Chicoid Paccaicasa pyramid Chilca Pachamac Quetzacoatl Chimu Paleo-Indian Quirigua Chinampa Pampa Grande Remojades Chincha Paracas Rio Bee Chiripa pintadera sacrifice Chivateros potato Salinas La Blanca Chullpa Pre-ceramic Period San Jose Mogote Classic period Pucara San Lorenzo Cocle Puerto Hormiga Santa Isabel lztapan Conchopata pyramid cotton quipu talud-tablero Cupisnique Recuay art style Tamaulipas Cuzco Regional Development Period Tarascan Diaguita RioSeco Tehuacan Valley Early Horizon Sacsahuaman Tenayuca Ellnga Saladoid Tenochtitlan ElJobo Salinar Teotihuacan El Paraiso Sambaqui tradition Tepeu Encanto San Augustin Tepexpan Fell's Cave spout-and-bridge vessel Thin Orange ware Formative period stirrup-spout vessel Thompson, Sir Eric Fuegian tradition sweet potato Gallinazo Tagua-Tagua Subject Index 591

Taino Carter, Howard Lartet, Edouard Tairona Champollion, Jean-Fram;ois Layard, Sir Austen Childe, V. Gordon Leakey, Louis Tiahuanaco Christy, Henry Leland, John tumbaga Clarke, David Lepsius, Karl Richard Tutishcainyo Coedes, George Loftus, Sir W.K. Umbu Colt Hoare, Sir Richard Lyell, Sir Charles Valdivia Cook, James MacEnery, Father J. Valencoid Crawford, O.G.S. Mariette, Auguste Viru Valley Cuivier, Baron George Marshall, Sir John Waira-Jirca Cunnington, William Montelius, Oscar Wichqana Darwin, Charles Mortillet, Gabriel de yoke Davis, E.H. Miiller, Sophus zemi Dechelette, Joseph Pengelly, William Dorpfeld, Wilhelm Petrie, Sir Flinders Douglass, A.E. Piette, Edouard Elgin, Lord Pitt-Rivers, General ARCHAEOLOGISTS Elliott Smith, Sir Grafton Rawlinson, Sir Henry C. AND OTHER Emery, Walter Bryan Reinecke, Paul SCHOLARS Evans, Sir Arthur Reisner, G.A. Evans, Sir John Schliemann, Heinrich Fiorelli, Giuseppe Squier, E.G. Allen, Major G. Fox, Sir Cyril Stein, Sir Aurel Andersson, J.G. Frere, John Steward, J.H. Andrai, Walter de Geer, Baron G. Stukely, William Aubrey, John Goneim, Zakaria Thompson, Sir Eric , Lord Grotefend, G.F. Thomsen, Christian Belzoni, Giovanni Heekeren, H.R. van Uhle, Max Bennett, Wendell Herzfeld, Ernst Ventris, Michael Botta, Paul-Emile Jefferson, Thomas Wheeler, Sir Mortimer Boucher de Perthes, J. Kenyon, Kathleen Winckelmann, J.J. Breuil, Henri Kidder, Alfred Vincent Winlock, H.E. Camden, William Koldewey, R. Woolley, Sir Leonard Cartailhac, Emile Kroeber, Alfred Louis Worsaae, J.J.A. FURTHER READING

Dating, technology and analysis Bender, B., Farming in (London: John Baker, 1975). Brothwell, D.R., Digging up Bones (London: British Aitken, M.J., Physics and Archaeology (Oxford: Oxford Museum [Natural History), 2nd edition, 1972). University Press, 2nd edition, 1974). Chaplin, R.E., The Study of Animal Bones from Fleming, S., Dating in Archaeology (London: Dent, Archaeological Sites (London: Seminar Press, 1971). 1976). Ryder, M.L., Animal Bones in Archaeology (Oxford: Hodges, H.W.M. Artefacts (London: John Baker, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1968). corrected edition, 1976). Tite, M.S., Methods of Physical Examination in Archaeology (London: Seminar Press, 1972). Site technology, sediments and Tylecote, R.F., Metallurgy in Archaeology (London: Edward Arnold, 1962). stratigraphy

Barker, P., Techniques of Archaeological Excavation General environmental, geology and (London: Batsford, 1977). soils Harris, E. C., Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy (London, New York and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1979). Bowen, D.Q., Quaternary Geology (London: Pergamon, Limbrey, S., Soil Science and Archaeology (London, 1978). New York and San Francisco: Academic Press, Evans, J.G., Land Snails in Archaeology(London: 1975). Seminar Press, 1972). Webster, G., Practical Archaeology (London: John Limbrey, S., Soil Science and Archaeology (London, Baker, 2nd edition, 1974). New York and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1975). Price, W.L., The Environmental History of the Near and Computing and statistics Middle East (London, New York and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1978). Simmons, I. and Tooley, M.J., The Environment in Doran, J.E., and Hodson, F.R., Mathematics and British Prehistory (London: Duckworth, 1980). Computers in Archaeology (Edinburgh: Edinburgh West, R.G., Pleistocene Geology and Biology (London: University Press, 1975). Longman, 2nd edition, 1976). Orton, C., Mathematics in Archaeology (London: Collins, 1980). Plants and plant remains Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of the Old Bender, B., Farming in Prehistory (London: John Baker, World 1975). Godwin, H., History of the British Flora (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975). Bordes, F., The Old Stone Age (London: Weidenfeld Moore, P.D. and Webb, J.A., An Illustrated Guide to and Nicolson, 1968). Pollen Analysis (London: Hodder and Stoughton, Campbell, J., The Upper Palaeolithic of Britain (Oxford: 1978). Oxford University Press, 1977). Pennington, W., The History of British Vegetation Oark, G., The Stone Age Hunters (London: Thames and (London: English Universities Press, 1969). Hudson, 1967). Renfrew, J., Palaeoethnohotany (London: Methuen, Collins, D. (ed.), The Origins of Europe (London: Allen 1973). and Unwin, 1975). Simmonds, N.W. (ed.), EvolutionofCropPlants Collins, D., The Human Revolution (Oxford: Phaidon, (London: Longman, 1976). 1976). Kozlowski, J. and S., Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic in Europe (Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, Animals and animal remains 1979). Leroi-Gourhan, A., The Art of Prehistoric Man in Europe(London: Thames and Hudson, 1968). Baker, J. and Brothwell, D.R., Animal Diseases in Life Books, Early Man (New York: Time-Life, 1966). Archaeology (London, New York and San Morrison, A., Early Man in Britain and Francisco: Academic Press, 1980). (London: Croom Helm, 1980). 592 Further Reading 593

Oakley, K., Frameworks for Dating Fossil Man Renfrew, C., The Emergence of Civilization: The (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964). Cyclades and the Aegean in the Third Millennium Palmer, S., Mesolithic Cultures of Britain (Poole: BC(London: Methuen, 1972). Dolphin, 1977). Tringham, R., Hunters, Fishers and Farmers of Eastern Pfeiffer, J., The Emergence of Man (London: Harper Europe, 6000-3000 sc (London: Hutchinson, 1971 ). and Row, 1969). Trump, D., The Prehistory of the Mediterranean Reader, J., Missing Links (London: Collins, 1980). (London: Allen Lane, 1980). Wood, B., The Evolution of Early Man (London: Peter Lowe, 1976). Wymer, J., Lower Palaeolithic Archaeology in Britain Greece and Rome (London: John Baker, 1968).

Boethius, A., Etruscan and Early Roman Architecture Africa (including Egypt) (Pelican ), (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 2nd edition, 1978). Brown, D. and Strong, D. (eds.), Roman Crafts Adams, W. Y., Nubia, Corridor to Africa (London: (London: Duckworth, 1976). Allen Lane, 1977). Coarelli, F. ( ed. ), Etruscan Cities (London: Cassell, Camps, G., Les Civilisations prehistoriques deL 'Afrique 1975). du Nord et du Sahara (Paris: Doin, 1974). Cook, R.M., Greek Painted Pottery (London: Methuen, Clark, J.D., The Prehistory of Africa (London: Thames 2nd edition, 1966 ). and Hudson, 1970). Cornell, T. and Matthews, J., Atlas of the Roman World Oark, J.D. (ed.), Cambridge , Vol. I (Oxford: Phaidon, 1982). (to c500 sc) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Dinsmoor, W.B., Architecture of Ancient Greece (New Press, 1982). York: Norton, 1950). Face, J.D. (ed.), Cambridge History of Africa, Vol. II Frere, S., Britannia (London: Routledge and Kegan ( c500 sc·AD 1050) (Cambridge: Cambridge Paul, 2nd edition, 1978). University Press, 1978). Hammond, N.G.L. and Scullard, H. H. (eds.), Oxford Inskeep, R.R., The Peopling of Southern Africa (Cape Classical Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2nd Town: Philip, 1978). edition, 1970). James, T.G.H. (ed.), An Introduction to Nash, E., Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Rome (London: , 1979). (London: Thames and Hudson, 2nd edition, 1968). Noten, F. van., The Archaeology of Central Africa Pauly, A. F. von and Wissowa, G. (eds.), (Graz: Akademie Verlag, in press). Realencyclopaedie der classischen Oliver, R. (ed.), Cambridge History of Africa, Vol. Ill Altertumswissenschaft and supplements (Stuttgart: ( cl050·1600) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Druckenmiiller, 1893·1972). Press, 1977). Stillwell, R., MacDonald, W.L., McAllister, M.H. (eds.), Oliver, R. and Fagan, B.M., Africa in the Iron Age Princeton Encyclopaedia of Classical Sites (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975). (Guildford: Princeton University Press, 1976). Phillipson, D.W., The Later Prehistory of Eastern and Todd, M., Roman Britain 55BC·AD400(London: Southern Africa (London: Heinemann, 1977). Fontana, 1981) Shaw, C.T., : its Archaeology and Early History Travlos, J., Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Athens (London: Thames and Hudson, 1978). (London: Thames and Hudson, 1971 ). Williams, M.A.J. and Faure, H. ( eds. ), The Sahara and Walker, D.S., Geography of (London: Methuen, the Nile (Rotterdam: Balkema, 1980). 2nd edition, 1967). Ward-Perkins, J.B., Roman Imperial Architecture (Pelican History of Art) (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 2nd edition, 1981).

Childe, V.G., The Dawn of European Civilization (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 6th edition, Medieval Europe 1957). Oark, J.G.D., Prehistoric Europe: The Economic Basis (London: Methuen, 1952). Archeologia Medioevale. Issued annually by Edizioni all' Coles, J.M. and Harding, A. F., The Bronze Age in lnsegna del Giglio S.A.S., Via della Querciola 6, Europe (London: Methuen, 1979). Firenze, Italy. Gimbutas, M., Bronze Age Cultures in Central and Archeologie Mt!dievale. Issued annually by Centre du Eastern Europe (The Hague: Mouton, 1965). recherches archeologiques medievales, Universite de Milisauskas, S., European Prehistory (London, New Caen, 14032 Caen Cedex, . York, and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1979). Medieval Archaeology: Journal of the Society for Phillips, P., Early Farmers of West Mediterranean Medieval Archaeology. Issued annually by the Europe (London: Hutchinson, 1975). Society for Medieval Archaeology, University Phillips, P., The Prehistory of Europe (London: Allen College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT. Lane, 1980). Zeitschrift fur Archiiologie des Mittelalters. Issued Piggott, S., Ancient Europe (Edinburgh: Edinburgh annually by Rheinland·Vorlag GmbH, Cologne, University Press, 1965). West . Renfrew, C., Before Civilization (London: Jonathan Chapelot, J. and Fossier, R., Le Village etta maison au Cape and Penguin, 1973 ). Moyen Age (Paris: Hachette, 1980). 594 Further Reading

Dixon, P., The Barbarian World (Oxford: Phaidon, Roux, G., Ancient (London: Allen and Unwin, 1976). 1964 Hodges, R., Dark Age Economics (London: Duckworth, Whitehouse, R., The First Cities (Oxford: Phaidon, 1982). 1977). Laing, L., Late Celtic Britain and Ireland, o400-1200 AD (London: Methuen, 1975). Platt, C., The English Medieval Town (London: Seeker Central Asia and Siberia and Warburg, 1975). Randsborg, K., The Viking Age in Denmark (London: Duckworth, 1980). Allchin, F.R. and Hammond, N. (eds.), The Archaeology Wilson, D. (ed.), The Northern World(London: Thames of (London, New York and San and Hudson, 1980). Francisco: Academic Press, 1979) Withold, H., Die Slawen im friihen Mittelalter (Berlin: Chard, C.S., Nartheast Asia in Prehistory(Wisconsin: Akademie Verlag, 1965). University of Wisconsin Press, 1974). Gupta, S.P., Archaeology of Soviet Central Asia and the Indian Borderlands (Delhi, 1979). Islamic Archaeology Masson, V.M. and Sarianidi, V.I., Central Asia: Turkmenia before the Achaemenids (London: Thames and Hudson, 1972). Archaeology 24/3, 1971. This edition of this journal is Mongait, A.L., Archaeology in the U.S.S.R. devoted to Islamic Archaeology. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961 ). Arts Council of , The Arts of Islam Rudenko, S.I., Frozen Tombs of Siberia (Los Angeles: (London, 1976). University of California Press, 1970). Creswell, K.A.C., A Bibliography of the Architecture, Tucci, G., Transhimalaya (London: Barrie, 1973). Arts and Crafts of Islam (Cairo: American University of Cairo Press, 1961; supplement 1973). Creswell, K.A.C., A Short Account of Early Muslim India and Pakistan Architecture (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1958). Fehervari, G., Islamic Pottery (London: Faber, 1973). Lewis, B. (ed.), The Worldoflslam(London: Thames Agrawal, D.P., The Copper Bronze Age in India (New and Hudson, 1976). Delhi, 1971 ). Otto-Dorn, K., Kunst des Islam (Baden-Baden, 1964). Agrawal, D.P. and Chakrabarti, O.K., Essays in Indian Scerrato, U., Islam (London: Cassell, 1976). Protohistory (Delhi, 1979). World Archaeology 14/1, 1983. This edition of this Agrawal, D.P. and Ghosh, A., Radiocarbon and Indian journal is devoted to Islamic Archaeology Archaeology (Bombay, 1973). Agrawal, D.P. and Kusumgar, S., Prehistoric Chronology and Radiocarbon Dating in India (New Western Asia Delhi, 197 4 ). Allchin, B. and Allchin, R., The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan (Cambridge: Cambridge Adams, R. McC., The Evolution of Urban Society University Press, 1982). (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1966). Allchin, F.R. and Chakrabarti, O.K., A Source-book of Bender, B., Farming in Prehistory (London: John Baker, Indian Archaeology, Vol. 1 (New Delhi: Munshiram 1975). Manoharlal, 1979). Bibby, G., Looking for Dilmun (London: Collins, 1969). Bannerjee, N.R,., The Iron Age in India (Delhi, 1965). Burney, C., From Village to Empire. An Introduction to Davids, T.W.R., Buddhist India, 9th edition, (Delbi, Near Eastern Archaeology (Oxford: Phaidon, 1977). 1970). Doe, D.B., Southern Arabia (London: Thames and Fairservis, W.A., The Roots of Ancient India (London: Hudson, 1971 ). Allen and Unwin, 2nd edition, 1971). Ghirshman, R., Ancient Persia: front its Origins to the Ghosh, A., The City in Early Historical India (Simla, Time of Alexander the Great (London and New 1973). York, 1964). Gururaja Rao, B.K., Megalithic Culture in South India Kenyon, K.M., Archaeology in the Holy Land, 4th (Mysore, 1972). edition (London: Ernest Benn, 1979). Piggott, S., Prehistoric India (Harrnondsworth: Penguin, Kramer, S.N., The Sumerians (Chicago: Chicago 1950). University Press, 1963). Possehl, G.L., Ancient Cities ofthe Indus (New Delhi, Lloyd, S., The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: from the 1979). Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest (London: Sankalia, H.D., Prehistory and Protohistory of India and Thames and Hudson, 1978). Pakistan (Poona, 1974). Mellaart, J., Earliest civilisations of the Wheeler, R.E.M., The Indus Civilization, 3rd edition (London: Thames and Hudson, 1965). (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968). Mellaart, J., The Neolithic of the Near East (London: Thames and Hudson, 1975). Oates, D. and Oates, J., The Rise of Civilization China (Oxford: Phaidon, 1976). Oppenheim, A.L., Ancient Mesopotamia (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1964). Bunker, E. C., Chatwin, C. B. and Farkas, A.R., 'Animal Redman, C., The Rise of Civilization (San Francisco: StyleArt'from East to West(New York: The Asia W.H. Freeman and Co., 1978). Society, 1970). Further Reading 595

Cheng, Te-k'un, Chou China (Cambridge: W. Hefter Bosch, F.D.K., Selected Studies in Indonesian and Sons, 1963). Archaeology (The Hague: Martinus Nijohff, 1961). Fong, Wen (ed.), The Great Bronze Age of China (New Kon. lost. voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Alfred Translation Series, 5. A. Knopf; London: Thames and Hudson, 1980). Coedes, G., The lndianized States of Southeast Asia, ed. Fontein, J. and Wu, Tung, Unearthing China's Past Walter F. Vella; translated from the French by Susan (Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1973). Brown Cowing (Honolulu: East-West Center Press Gettens, R.J., The Freer Chinese Bronzes, Vol. 11; and Canberra: Australian National University Press, Technical Studies (Washington: Smithsonian 1968). Institution, 1969). Fox, R.B., The (Manila: National Museum, Hughes-Stanton, P. and Kerr, R., Kiln Sites of Ancient 1970). China (London, 1980). Frederic, L., The Temples and of Southeast Jettmar, K., Art of the Steppes (New York: Crown Asia, translated from the French by Arnold Rosin Publishers, 1967). (London: Thames and Hudson, 1965). Lawton, T., Chinese Art of the Warring States Period Groslier, B.P., Indochina, translated from the French by (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1982). James Hogarth (London: Frederick Muller, 1966). Loehr, M., Chinese Bronze Age Weapons (Ann Arbor: LeMay, R., The Culture of South-East Asia: The University of Michigan Press, 1956). Heritage of India (London: Allen and Loehr, M., Ritual Vessels of Bronze Age China (New Unwin, 1954). York: The Asia Society, 1968). Pisit Charoenwongsa and Subhadradis Diskul, Thailand Phillips, E. D., The Royal Hordes (London: Thames and (London: Frederick Muller, 1976). Hudson, 1965). Smith, R.B. and Watson, W. (eds.), Early South East Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, M., The Han Dynasty (New York: Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979). Rizzoli, 1982). Suleiman, S., Concise Ancient History of Indonesia Qian, Hao, Chen, Heyi and Ru, Suichu, Out of China's (Jakarta: Archaeological Foundation, 1974). Earth: Archaeological Discoveries in the People's , H. G., The in Hindu Times Republic of China (New York: Harry N. Abrams, (London: Bernard Quaritch, 1976). 1981). Rawson, Jessica, Ancient China. Art and Archaeology (London: British Museum, 1980). Sato, Masahiko, Chinese Ceramics: A Short History Japan (New York and Tokyo: Weatherhiii/Heibonsha, 1981). Seckel, D., The Art of Buddhism (New York: Crown Aikens, C. Melvin and Takayasu Higuchi, Prehistory of Publishers, 1964 ). Japan (London, New York and San Francisco: Tsien, Tsuen-hsuin, Written on Bamboo and Silk: The Academic Press, 1982). Beginnings of Chinese Books and Inscriptions Bleed, P., 'The Yayoi Cultures of Japan', Arctic (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962). Anthropology 9/2, 1972. Wang, Zhongshu, Han Civilization (New Haven and Chard, C.S., Northeast Asia in Prehistory (Wisconsin: London: Yale University Press, 1982). University of Wisconsin Press, 1974). Watson, W., Archaeology in China (London: Max Ikawa-Smith, F., 'Current issues in Japanese Parrish, 1960 ). archaeology', American Scientist68!2, 1980. Watson, W., Cultural Frontiers in Ancient East Asia Koyama, S., 'Jomon subsistence and population', Senri (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1971). Ethnological Studies 2, 1978 (National Museum of Wenwu kaogu gongzuo san shi nian 1949-1979 (Thirty Ethnology, Senri Park, Osaka). Years of Archaeological Work in China, Maringer, J., 'Clay figurines of the Jomon Period: a 1949-1979), in Chinese (Beijing: Wenwu Press, contribution to the history of ancient religion in 1979). A survey of important finds in Chinese Japan', History of Religion, 14/2, 1974. archaeology, by province and period, with references to excavation reports. Wertime, T.A. and Muhly, J.D. (eds.), The Coming of the Age of Iron (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1980). Willetts, W., Chinese Art (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1958). Allen, J., Golson, J. and Jones, R. (eds), Sunda and Sahul: Prehistoric Studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia (London, New York and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1977). Southeast Asia Edwards, E., Australian Aboriginal Art: The Art of the Alligator Rivers Region, Northern Territory (Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Bezacier, L., Le Viet-Nam: de Ia Prehistoire a Ia fin de Studies, 1979). /'occupation chinoise (Paris: edns. A. et J. Picard, Kirk, R.L. and Thorne, A. G. (eds.), The origin of the 1972). Manuel d'Archeologie d'Extreme-Orient, Australians (Canberra: Australian Institute of Premiere Partie: Asie du Sud-Est, Tome 11. Aboriginal Studies, 1976). Human Biology series no. Boisselier, J., Le Cambodge (Paris: edns. A. et J. Picard, 6. 1966). Manuel d'Archeologie d'Extreme-Orient, Mulvaney, D.J., The prehistory of Australia Premiere Partie: Asie du Sud-Est, Tome I. (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, revised, 1975). 596 Further Reading

Mulvaney, D.J. and Golson, J. (eds.), Aboriginal man Stark, B.L. and Voorhies, B., Prehistoric Coastal and environment in Australia (Canberra: Australian Adaptations(London, New York and San Francisco: National University Press, 1971 ). Academic Press, 1978). White, J.P. and O'Connell, J.F., 'Australian prehistory: Taylor, R.E. and Meighan, C.W., Chronologies in New new aspects of antiquity', Science 203, 1979. WorldArchaeology(London, New York and San Wright, R.V.S. (ed.), Sone as Cultural Markers: Francisco: Academic Press, 1978). Change, Evolution and Complexity (Canberra: Thomas, D.H., Archaeology (New York: Holt, Rinehart Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1977). and Winston, 1979). Prehistory and Material Culture Series no. 12. Willey, G., Introduction to American Archaeology, 2 vols. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966 and 1971). Zubrow, E.B. et. a/. (eds.), New World Archaeology: Oceania Selected Readings from Scientific American (San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co., 1974).

Allen, J., Golson, J. and Jones, R. (eds.), Sunda and North America Sahul: Prehistoric studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia andAustralia(London, New York and Giddings, J.L., Ancient Men of the Arctic (New York: San Francisco: Academic Press, 1977) Alfred Knopf, 1967). Barnard, N. (ed.), Early Chinese Art and its possible Hudson, C., The Southeastern Indians (Tennessee: influence in the Pacific Basin, 3 vols. (New York: University of Tennessee Press, 1976). Intercultural Arts Press, 1972). Jennings, J.D., Prehistory of North America (New York: Bellwood, P.S., 'The prehistory of Oceania', Current McGraw-Hill, 1974). Anthropology 16, 1975. Martin, P. and Plog, F., The Archaeology of Arizona Bellwood, P.S., Man's Conquest of the Pacific (London: (Garden City, New York: Doubleday/Natural Collins, 1978). History Press, 1973). Bellwood, P.S., The Polynesians (London: Thames and Sturtevant, W.C. (ed.), Handbook of North American Hudson, 1978). Indians (Washington: Smithsonian Institution; Vols. Bellwood, P.S., 'The peopling of the Pacific', Scientific 8 and 15, 1978; Vol. 9, 1979). American 243/5, 1980. Fox, A., Prehistoric Maori Fortifications (London: Mesoamerica Longman Paul, 1976). Heyerdahl, T., Early man and the ocean (New York: Adams, R.E.W., Prehistoric Mesoamerica (Boston: Doubleday, 1979). Little Brown and Co., 1977). Howells, W.W., The Pacific Islanders (New York: Bernal, 1., The 0/mec World (Berkeley and Los Angeles: Scribners, 1973). University of California Press, 1969). Irwin, G.J., 'The prehistory of Oceania: colonization and Coe, M.E., (New York: Praeger Publishers, cultural changes', Cambridge Encyclopaedia of 1977). Archaeology, 1980. Coe, M.D., The Maya (London: Thames and Hudson, Jennings, J.D. (ed.), The Prehistory of Polynesia 1980). (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979). Flannery, K.V., The Early Mesoamerican Village (New Lewis, D., We, the Navigators (Wellington: Reed, 1972). York, San Francisco and London: Academic Press, Steensberg, A., New Guinea Gardens (London, New 1976). York and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1980). Hammond, N. and Willey, G. (eds.), Maya Archaeology and Ethnohistory (Austin and London: University of Texas Press, 197 6 ). Porter Weaver, M., The Aztecs, Maya and their The Americas Predecessors (New York: Seminar Press, 1972). Thompson, J.E.S., Maya History and Religion (Norman Okla: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970). General Wauchope, R. (ed.), Handbook of Middle American Indians (Austin: University of Texas Press; Vols. 2 and 3, 1965; Vols. 10 and 11, 1971). Jennings, J.D. and Norbeck, E. (eds.), Prehistoric Man in the New World (Chicago: University of Chicago South America Press, 1964). Jennings, J.D. (ed.), Ancient Native Americans (San Bankes, G., before Pizarro (Oxford: Phaidon Press, Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co., 1978). 1977). Leone, M. (ed.), Contemporary Archaeology: A Guide Lanning, E.P., Peru before the Incas (Englewood Cliffs: to Theory and Contributions (Carbondale: Illinois Prentice-Hall, 1967). University Press, 1972). Lumbreras, L.G., The Peoples and Cultures of Ancient Meggers, B.J., Prehistoric America: An Ecological Peru (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, Perspective (Hawthorne, New York: Aldine 1976). Publishing Co., 1979). Mason, J.A., The Ancient Civilizations of Peru Schuyler, R.L. (ed. ), Historical Archaeology: A Guide to (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1968). Substantive and Theoretical Contributions Meggers, B.J., Ecuador(New York: Praeger, 1966). (Farmingdale, New York: Baywood Publishing Inc., Rouse, I. and Cruxent, J.M., Venezuelan Archaeology 1978). (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Further Reading 597

Archaeologists and other scholars Archaeology (London: Thames and Hudson, 1975). Uoyd, S., Foundations in the Dust (London: Thames Daniel, G., 150 Years of Archaeology (London: and Hudson, revised 1980). Duckworth, 1978). Willey, G.R. and Sabloff, J.A., A History of American Klindt-Jensen, 0., A History of Scandinavian Archaeology(London: Thames and Hudson, 1974).