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Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, DOI 10.1007/978-94-024-0874-4 326 Index

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Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, DOI 10.1007/978-94-024-0874-4 326 Index Index A Bajloni’s calotte BAJ, 17, 19–20 Accretion model of Neanderthal evolution, 29 Balanica Acculturation, 164–165, 253 BH-1, 15, 24–29, 309 Acheulean, 80, 148, 172, 177, 201, 205, 306, 308, 310 hominin, 15–17, 29 large flake, 129, 132, 218 Mala, vi, 16, 24, 30, 139–140, 144–145, lithic artifacts, 80 148, 309–311 Lower, 308 Velika, 24, 36, 139–140, 144–145, 148 Middle, 308 Balıtepe, 214, 223–224 Admixture, vi, 29, 258 Balkan, v, 3, 139, 159, 171, 187, 218, 229, 274, 282, 303 Neanderthal, 51–64 and Anatolia, 308–310 Adriatic, 46, 154, 157, 162, 164–166 Central, vi, 3, 15–30, 139–150 Aegean, 29–30, 74–76, 116, 119, 121–122, 134–135, 148, 213, implications for earliest settlement of Europe, 220–221, 261, 283, 305, 316 187–210 Aizanoi, 221 Mountains, 69, 187 Akçeşme, 214, 223–224 and neighbouring regions, 229–261 Aktaş, 214, 217 Peninsula, 51, 70, 74, 119, 134, 150, 187, 201, 208 Alluvial plain, 125, 314 Southern, 3, 12, 47, 275 Alykes, 270, 272 Bañolas mandible, 28 Amărăști, 176–177, 181 Basalt, 201, 217–218, 220, 284 Anatolia (Asia Minor), 3, 79–80, 308–310 Basins, 51, 74, 99, 119, 139, 213, 281, 303 Central (Region), 128, 132, 134, 213, 217–218, 220, 223, 313 Anagni, 306 Eastern (Region), 217 Apennine, 310, 314 and hominin dispersals, 213–225 Beni Fouda, 307 North, 120 Čačak-Kraljevo, 140 Southeastern (Region), 215, 217, 220, 223 Carpathian, 51, 148 west, 119, 121 Denizli, 83 Anatomically modern human, 23, 36, 41, 44, 46, 55–56, 62, 70, 72, evolution on archaeological distributions, 313–317 76, 95, 111, 153, 165–166, 229 Grevena, 269, 272 Apidima, 4, 7–8, 11–12, 96, 310–311 Kalloni, 121–122 Apolakkia, 270–271 Megalopolis, 9, 12, 134–135, 298 Apollonia, 74, 270, 273, 276–277, 286–287 Mygdonia, 12, 273 Arago, 10, 25, 29, 56, 59, 87–90, 149, 312 Niš, 139, 146 Archaeological pattern, 303, 305 Pannonian, 15, 23, 319 Areopolis, 97 Thessalian, 310 Asprochaliko, 95, 148, 238–239, 253, 260 Venosa, 306 Assimilation model, 162 Belen Tepe, 221–222, 225 Atapuerca, 28, 276, 285, 287, 312, 318 Benkovski, 187, 205–209, 309 Sima de los Huesos, 27–29, 304, 306–307 BH-1. See Balanica Aurignacian, 4, 43, 46, 52, 69, 70, 82, 100, 102, 104, 109, 111, 114, Bhimbetka, 24 157, 164, 254–259, 261 Biface/bifacial technology. See Technology artifacts, 53, 154 Biochronology, vii, 199, 269–273, 282, 285 Proto-, 249–251 Biodiversity, 213, 300 Biogeography, vi, 70, 74, 77 Biostratigraphy, 245, 269, 285, 291 B Bioturbation, 43, 164 Bacho Kiro, 69–71, 238, 240, 248, 259 Black Sea (Region), 17, 29–30, 51, 74, 178, 187, 208, 213, 220, 277, Bački Petrovac, 16–17, 19–22 281–283, 287 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 325 Katerina Harvati and Mirjana Roksandic (eds.), Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, DOI 10.1007/978-94-024-0874-4 326 Index Blade early Pleistocene, 74–75 bidirectional, 230–231, 235, 239–240, 242, 245–246, 249, hominin, 51, 70, 72, 79, 122, 134–135, 171, 183, 213–225, 305 251–252, 255–257, 259–260 Late Pleistocene, 76 bladelet, 44, 53, 100, 102–108, 110–115, 245, 248–250, Middle Pleistocene, 75–76 254–257, 261 Dispersal pathway carinated, 102, 104, 108, 110–111, 250, 253, 255, 257, 261 Coastal/Trans-Aegean, 74–76 direct, 239, 245–246, 248–249, 259–261 Peri-Pontic, 74–75, 282, 284, 287 narrow-faced, 243, 245, 250, 252, 260–261 Trans-Marmaran, 74–76 prepared, 239–240, 243, 245–246, 248–250, 252, 259–261 Disperse, 70, 72, 74–76, 121, 201, 214, 218, 221, 277, 282–283 unidirectional, 239–240, 242–243, 245, 249–252, 255–256, 259 Distribution (site distribution), 217, 305, 317–319 volumetric, 102, 110, 229, 239–240, 245, 256–258, 261 Dmanisi, 10, 15, 17–18, 25, 27, 38, 217, 225, 275–277, 281–282, Bodo, 18, 22, 75, 85, 88, 90 303–304 Bohunician, 76, 230, 239, 246, 251, 256–257, 259–260 Dobrogea, 172, 178, 180–181, 309 Boker Tachtit, 230, 245, 257 Dülük, 214–216 Bone point Dursunlu, 134, 214, 218, 220, 223, 225, 304, 310, 312 massive based, 165 split base, 43, 164–165 Bordul Mare. See Ohaba Ponor E Brno-Bohunice, 238, 245–246, 261 Eastern Rhodopes, 187, 201, 205, 309 Brunhes/Matuyama reversal, 218 Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), 4, 7, 24, 38, 80–81, 146, 154, 161, Bugiulești (Tetoiu), 173, 276 205, 221, 245, 309 Bukovac pećina, 153–154, 157–158 Ephoreia of Paleoanthropology and Speleology (EPS), v, 5, 8–9, 12 Bulgaria, v, vi, vii, 3, 15, 69–77, 187–189, 201, 205, 208, 238–240, Epigravettian, 35, 44, 46, 70, 72, 104, 109–111, 164, 189, 258 246, 273–277, 282, 285–287, 309 Eşkini Sefine, 214, 217 Buran-Kaya, 238, 258 Et-Tin, 24 Euphrates, 215, 217, 313 Europe C Central, 11, 15–16, 46, 51, 149, 153–166, 180, 230–231, 238–239, Campanian Ignimbrite (CI), 4, 70 245, 255–256, 259, 261, 292, 304, 319 Ceprano, 29, 87–90, 118, 306 Eastern, 24, 62, 148, 172, 183, 230, 235, 238–239, 255–256, Chalcedony, 128, 201 258–259, 261, 284, 304, 309, 319 Charentian. See Mousterian Southeast, v, 9, 29–30, 74, 119, 122, 139, 146, 148–150, 153–166, Charophyte gyrogonite, 126 171–172, 187, 229–230, 236, 238–239, 253, 255–259, 261, Châtelperronian, 44, 165 281–288, 313 Cherts, 43, 121, 127–128, 132, 139–140, 146, 156, 159, 161–162, 164 Excavation, vi, 5, 15, 36, 75, 79, 95, 122, 140, 154, 173, 199, 217, 309 Chopper/chopping tool, 35, 44, 133–134, 140–141, 143, 148, 176, at Bukovac pećina, 158 178–179, 199–201, 215, 217–218, 223–224, 284, 308–310 of Cave A yielded, 7 Cioclovina. See Peştera Cioclovina Uscată fossil-bearing sediments, 54 CI tephra. See Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) of Melitzia, 97 Clacton, 222 as Mousterian, 40 Clactonian, 134, 148–149, 172, 220–221, 308–309 at Mujina pećina, 160 Cleaver, 128–129, 131–132, 215–216, 218, 220, 310 for Sava bridge, 16 Climate Forcing hypothesis, 74 season, 80–81 Climate Releasing hypothesis, 74 Systematic, 40 Climatic changes, 74, 317 trench at Kolominitsa, 103 Coastal/Trans-Aegean dispersal pathway. See Dispersal pathway trench at Melitzia, 110 Contact, 5, 8, 29–30, 44, 46, 164 at Üçağızlı, 82 Core-and-flake industries, 310 at Velika pećina, 159 Cormani, 52 Exchange, 3, 29–30, 162, 164 Crimea, Ukraine, 180, 253, 258 Croatia, v, vi, 11, 16–17, 30, 35–37, 44, 46–47, 62, 148, 153–154, 157, 162, 164, 166, 309 F Crvena Stijena, 139–140, 148–150 Faunal event, 283–284, 287 Cryoturbation, 43, 164 Faunal Wave hypothesis, 74 Culture Releasing hypothesis, 74 Flint sources, 215, 220–221 Cutmarks, 176, 218 Floodplain deposits, 125 sediments, 125, 307, 314 D Fluvial Dafnero, 270, 272, 286 deposits, 125, 127, 307–308, 310, 315 Dalmatia, 36, 154, 157, 159, 161 network, 125, 127, 314–315 Dealui Guran/Dealul Guran, vi, 51, 148, 171–184, 309 Fossile directeur, 258 Denizli. See Kocabaş, Denizli Franchthi, 4, 95, 238, 250, 255, 258–259, 261, 295 Dispersal, 3, 51, 69, 121, 150, 187, 253 Fresh-water central area, 150 depositional environment, 125–126, 134 earliest human, v, vii, 11, 187, 269–277, 281–288 resources, 121 Index 327 G Insectivores, 99, 300 Gene, 30, 43–44, 54, 61, 72, 162 Insular, 121 Genetic exchange, 162 Interbreeding, 44, 54, 61, 64, 162 Geoarchaeology, 134, 214, 303–319 Interglacial, 16, 29, 38, 76, 121, 127, 144, 148, 150, 220, Geometric morphometric, vi, 8, 28, 54, 57, 62, 80, 85 298, 311, 317 Geomorphic, 303–305, 307, 312–313, 317–319 Istria, 35–36, 44, 154, 164 Geothermal springs, 120–121, 135 Itylon, 109, 115 Gerakarou, 74, 270, 272, 276, 282, 295 Glacial, v, 29, 76, 96, 98, 120–121, 127, 148–150, 171, 181, 201, 220, 225, 235, 239, 275, 298, 306, 313, 317–318 J Glyfias River, 121 Jerinina cave, 16 Göksu, 214, 223 Ježevica, 140 Göllüdağ, 132, 214, 217–219 Gorjanović-Kramberger, Dragutin, 36–38, 40 Gorski kotar, 153–154, 157 K Gravettian, 44, 53, 70, 72, 100, 103–104, 106, 109–111, 189 Kabazi, 235, 238, 245, 248, 251, 255–256 Greek islands, 120 Kabwe, 8, 10, 18, 22, 85, 88, 90 Gura Dobrogei, 175–177, 181 Kalamakia, vi, 4–7, 96–102, 109–110, 114, 238, 240, 253, Gürgürbaba, 217 258–259, 311 Kalamoto, 270, 273, 276 Kaletepe Deresi 3 (KD3), 128, 132, 134, 214, 217–218, 220, H 223, 225, 310 Hadži Prodanova cave, 140, 146 Kalloni Gulf, 119–121, 125, 127 Handaxe, 36, 128–129, 131–132, 134–135, 214–215, 217–218, Karain (Cave), 79–81, 134, 148–149, 214, 220, 223, 304, 309 220–221, 223, 309–310 Kastanis, 96, 104, 109, 111, 113 High resolution dating model, 295 Kaštel Štafilić–Resnik, 154, 162–163, 165–166 Hominin, v, 4, 35, 51, 96, 119, 144, 165, 171, 187, 275, 281, 298, 303 Kessani, 270 Ante-Epivillafranchian, 284 Klisoura (Klissoura), 4–5, 7, 95, 110–111, 230, 236, 238–239, 244, BH-1, 29 248, 250–251, 253–256, 258–261 biogeography, 70 Kocabaş, Denizli, vi, 79–80, 82–90, 134, 214, 221, 225 Croatian Pleistocene, 35–47 Kokkinopilos, 134, 238, 253, 310–311, 316 dispersals, 51, 70, 72, 79, 122, 134–135, 171, 183, 213–225, 305 Kolominitsa, 96–97, 100, 102–111, 114, 116 European, 3, 74 Kolubara, 16 fossil, 15–16, 38, 64, 69–75, 79 Kombewa, 132, 144, 146, 148, 181, 231–232, 237, 239–240, 257, Kocabaş, 80, 83 259–260 Middle Pleistocene, 8, 29, 64, 122 Korolevo, 233–234, 238–240, 246, 249, 251, 256, 259–260, 304 Homo Kosovska Kosa, 140–142, 144, 148 antecessor, 72, 75 Kozarnika, vi, 9, 15, 69–70, 74, 139, 146, 148, 181, 187, 189–200, dispersal, 282–287 205, 238–239, 250, 275, 277, 283–285, 287, 304, 309, 312 early, 9, 20, 25, 79, 282, 284, 287 Kozarnikian, 250–251, 261 erectus, vi, 9–10, 17–18, 20, 22–25, 27–28, 70, 72, 74–75, 82, Krapina, vi, 10, 16–17, 25, 35–41, 43, 46, 56, 59, 62, 82, 88, 90, 148, 84–85, 87–89, 134, 144, 221, 282, 309 154, 156 ergaster, 10, 17–18, 20, 25, 27, 72, 85, 281 Hušnjakovo, 35–38, 40, 46 in Europe, 276, 281–288 Kremenac, 139–140, 148, 309 habilis, 10, 17,
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