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SUBJECT INDEX

GENERAL hourglass perforation DATING evolution Aceramic hiiyiik AD,ad acculturation industrial amino-acid racemization amphora BC,bc antefix Kerbschnitt bone dating kitchen BP, bp straightener Leptolithic Bristlecone pine assemblage chronology association collagen astronomy contamination barrow Neolithic cross-dating battle- neoteny dating baulk New Archaeology dendrochronology berm Palaeolithic fission track dating palstave fluorine dating calendar, calendrics passage half-life capstone pebble hard water effect carination pilaster isotoptic fractionation pintadera isotopic replacement place names nitrogen dating chamber portal obsidan hydration dating chevaux de frise porthole slab palaeomagnetism pot boilers potassium-argon dating Copper Age quem corbel radiometric dating counterscrap bank rock-cut tomb sequence dating culture sacrifice seriation Cyclopean sati stratigraphy demography segmented cist tephrochronology diffusion, diffusionist septal slab terminus ante-quem, terminus distribution shaft grave post-quem dolmen situla thermoluminescence double axe uranium series dating dromos dyke tell entrance grave tepe ethnoarchaeology Three Age System MATERIALS evolution tore tradition false entrance transepted antler fire arsenic firedog bone fishing underwater archaeology gallery grave urn bronze halberd vase support ceramic wristguard chalcedony hoard writing charcoal horizon yoke 571 572 Subject Index copper forging GEOLOGY daub geometric fabric gold Allered interstadial faience granulat ion Amersfoort interstadial ingot Anglian glass iron B011ing interstadial glaze lead boulder clay gold metal breccia greenstone Brerup interstadial gypsum microburin earth hom Chelford interstadial iron midrib coombe rock ivory mould Cromerian jade patina deep sea cores jadeite pebble tool Denekamp interstadial jet pressure flaking Devensian lapis lazuli repousse drift lead retouch Eemian malachite rivet eustatic metal Flandrian mud-brick silver geochronology nephrite smelting geology glacial tuyere Giinz pise Glinz /Mindel head sarsen ANALYSIS Hengelo interstadial serpentine shell atomic absorption Holstein silver spectrometry Hoxnian steatite chemical analysis ice wedge stone heavy mineral analysis Illinoian terracotta metallographic examination interglacial textile metallurgical analysis interstadial tin neutron activation analysis involution tumbaga optical emission spectrometry Ipswichian turquoi se particle size analysis isostasy petrological analysis Loch Lomond stadial sample thin section Mindel trace elements Mindel/Riss x-ray fluorescence Moershoofd interstadial spectrometry moraine alloy Odderade interstadial Older Dryas bloom palaeosol bronze GENERAL periglacial bulb of percussion ENVIRONMENTAL pingo burnish bog proglacial casting coprolite Quaternary chasing Riss eire perdue ecology Riss/Wiirm cold working environmental archaeology Saale copper environmental indicators Sangamon core fen sea level crucible flotation stadial enamel froth flotation Tertiary fabricator peat till filigree sieving Upton Warren flake site catchment analysis interstadial Subject Index 573

Valders Advance betel nut onager varves breadfruit osteology Weichselian cacao osteometric Windermere interstadial carbonization otoliths Wisconsin charred ovicaprids Wolstonian coconut palaeopathology Wiirm cotton pig Yarmouth grain impression s rhinoceros Younger Dryas gourd sexing skeleton SOILS oats measurement palaeobotany small mammal bones Brown Forest soil palaeoethnobotany snails buried soils phytoliths trepanning colluvial potato urial earthworm sorting rice wolf eluvial horizon gleying sago horizon seeds SITE TECHNOLOGY humus sugar cane iIIuvial horizon sweet potato aerial photography Iynchet auger peat baulk pedology yams bleeper phosphate surveying bosing ploughmarks crop marks podzol ANIMALS AND profile ANIMAL REMAINS electromagnetic surveying recurrence surface frost marks rendzina ageing of skeletal material geophysics soil antlers grid sol lessive ass level turf line aurochs magnetic surveying bear magnetometer beetles megger POLLEN ANALYSIS bird bones metal detector bison optical square absolute pollen counting bones photogrammetry bone measurement resistivity meter brachycephalic resistivity surveying elm decline camel section landnam caprovines shadow marks palynology soil conductivity meter pollen analysis cephalic index soil marks pollen diagram coleoptera sondage pollen zones demography Spondy/us gaederopus Pre-Boreal surveying proportional pollen counting dolichocephalic theodolite Sub-Atlantic donkey triangulation Sub-Boreal elephant fish bones SEDIMENTS AND PLANT horn cores STRATIGRAPHY MACROFOSSILS horse hyaena clay African food production lion aroids llama earth banana mammoth layer molluscs level mouflon loam 574 Subject Index

Munsell colour chart occupation layer Australopithecus eolith particle size analysis Epi-Palaeolithic pit Bacho Kiro Erd posthole Baile Herculane Ertebelle sand Bakers Hole evolution section Baradostian Fauresmith sediments baton de commandement Federrnesser silt bear fire stake hole Bilzingsleben fishing stratigraphy Birsmatten flake texture Bir Terfawi Florisbad tip-line bison Font de Gaume blade Fontechevade Boomplaas Foumeau du Diable COMPUTING AND Brassempouy Fukui STATISTICS Bmo Gabillou Broken Hill Gagerino cluster analysis Bruniquel Gamble's Cave computers Buret' Ghar-i Khar correlation burin database management system Burrill Lake discriminant analysis Cabenge Green Gully distribution Grimaldi mean Castanet Giinz model cave art Giinz/Mindel multidimensional scaling cave dwelling Hadar multivariate analysis Cave of Halfan principal components Charaman Hamburgian sample Charenti an seriation Chatelperron simulation Cheddar (I) Hargeisan spatial analysis Chellean standard deviation Chesowanja High Lodge statistics chipping floor Hoedic variable , Ciumesti Homo habi/is horsehoof cores Horsham PALAEOLITHIC Hoshino AND MESOLITHIC core Howiesonspoort (OLD WORLD) Cotte de St Brelade Hoxne coup de poing Hoxnian Abbeville, Abbevillian Covalanas Creswell hunting Acheulian Cromagnon hyaena Addaura Crvena Stijena Ahrensburg, Ahrensburgian CUZQul lsimila Ain Hanech Dabban Istallosko Alpera Dar es Soltan lsturitz Altamira Devensian Iwajuku Ambrona Devils Lair Jabrud Amud, Amudian Dolni Vestonice man Angles-sur-l'Anglin Dos Aguas Jebel Ighoud Anglian Douar Doum Anyath ian Dundo Kalemba Aq Kupruk Ebbsfleet Kamikuroiwa Arcy-sur-Cure Ehringsdorf Kanam Asprochalico Elandsfontein Kandanda elephant Kanjera Atlitian EI Guettar Kapovo Subject Index 575

Kartan culture microburin reindeer Keilor microlith retouch Kenniff Cave Miriwun rhinoceros Kent's Cavern mobiliary art Robberg Khor Musa Mojokerto Roc de Sers Kiik Koba Molodova Romanelli Klasies River Mouth Montagu Cave Roonka Kokkinopilos Monte Circeo Rouffignac KomOmbo Montespan Saccopastore Moshebi's Shelter Salzgitter-Lebenstedt Koonalda Mount Carmel Sambungmacan Kostenki Mount Do Sangiran KowSwamp Sangoan Krems Mousterian industries of North Sarnate Africa Sauveterrian Kyrrilovska Munyama Cave Schela La Chapelle Mwaganda scraper Nachikufan Shanidar Narva Shirataki Laga Oda Nasera Sidi Abd er Rahman Lake Arumpo Nderit Drift Smithfield Lake Mungo Soan River Lalinde neoteny Solutrian La Madeleine Ngandong Son Vi La Micoque Niaux Soroki Lancefield Noailles Sozudai Nombe Spanish art Larnian Oakhurst Spy Obanian Star Carr Laugerie Oenpelli Shelters Staroselje Laussel Ofnet Steinheim Leang Burung Oldbury Stellmoor Lehringen Le Lazaret Olduvai Stillbay striking platform Leopard's Hill Omo Sungir Leptolithic Orangia Suzuki Pacitanian Swanscombe Les Eyzies Padina Levallois Paglicci Swiderian Levalloiso- Mousterian Pair-non-Pair Levanzo Palegawra lion Parpallo Talgai cranium Lothagam Paviland Tardenoisian Luangwa variant Pavlov Tardiguet Lukenya Hill pebble tool Tasmania Lupemban Pech de l'Aze Taung Lyngby Pekin Man Tautave1 Peninj Tayacian Maglemosean Perigordian Temifine Makapan Petersfels Terra Amata Mal'ta Petralona Teshik Tash mammoth Pietersburg Teviec Markleeberg Piltdown Teyjat Matupi Pincevent Thatcham Mauer Pomongwe Tingkayau Mauern Pontnewydd Torralba Meganthropus Predrnost Torre in Pietra Meiendorf pressure flaking Trinil Melka Kontoure Qadan Tshangula Mezin Quinzano Tshitolian 576 Subject Index

Tuc d'Audoubert Benin Gombe Point Ubeidiyah Bigo gourd Uluzzo Bir Terfawi Great Ushki Boomplaas Guinea Neolithic Vallonet Bosumpra Gumanye Venosa Bouar Gwisho s Broederstroom Hadar Verte sszollos Broken Hill Hafun Victoria Falls Buhen Halfan V1asac Cairo Hargeisan Vogelherd calendar Haua Fteah Willendorf Capeletti Hierakonpolis Wilton Cap sian hieroglyph Yasumiba 'Capsian Neolithic' Homo erectus Yayo Carthage Homo habi/is Yenisei Casam ance Howiesonspoort Yiewsley Cave of Hearths Zarzi Charaman lberomaurusian Chesowanja Ife Zinjanthropus Chitope Igbo Ukwu Zlaty Kun Chondwe lIeret Coldstream Cave Ingombe I1ede Columnata Inyanga Cyrene Ishango AFRICA Dabban Ismila (including ) Daima Iwo Eleru Dar es Soltan Jebel et Tomat Abkan Debeira West Jebel Ighoud Abu Simbel Deir el Bahari Jebel Moya Abydos Deloraine Farm Jebel Uweinat Acacus Dhar Tichitt Jenne Adrar Bous Dhlo Ohio Kabambian Adulis Djoser Kadero African food-production Doian Kalambo Falls Agordat Douar Doum Kalemba Agrelo Dundo Kalomo Ain Hanech Dynastic Egypt Kalundu Ajdabiyah Early Khartoum Kamilamba Akhenaten Eburran Kanam Akjoujt EI Amarna Kandanda Albany industry Elandsfontein Kanem Amekni Ele Bor Kanjera Amun Elephantine Kansanshi 'Apollo 11' Cave EI Guettar Kansyore ware 'Aquatic Civilization' EI Khril Kapwirimbwe Arkin Katoto Ashir Katuruka Aterian Esh Shaheinab Kerrna Australopithecus faience Khafra Awdaghast Faras Khami Axum Fauresmith Khasm el Girba Azelik Fayum Khor Musa Badarian Fernando Po Khufu Bambandyanalo Florisbad Kilwa Bambata Gamble's Cave Kintampo Bambuk Gatung'ang'a Kisalian Bantu Gedi Klasies River Mouth Batalimo Ghana Klein Africa Begho Giza KomOmbo Benfica Gobedra Koobi Fora Benghazi Gokomere Kourounkorokale Subject Index 577

Kumadzulo Nubian A Group ware Kumbi Saleh Nubian C Group Utica Kush Oakhurst Uvinza Kwale Oldowan Victoria Falls Laetoli Wadi Kubbaniya Laga Oda Olorgesailie Wilton Lake Arumpo Omo writing Lake Besaka Opone Wun Rok Lalibela Orangia Yala Alego Lalibela Cave Oxyrhyncus Yayo Leopard's Hill Pastoral Neolithic of East Yeha Leopard's Kopje Africa Yengema Leptis Magna Peninj Zenebi Falls Lothagam Phalaborwa Zimbabwe Lowasera Pietersburg Zinjanthropus Luangwa tradition Pomongwe Ziwa Luangwa variant Pre-Axumite Lukenya Hill Pre-dynastic Egypt Lupemban Punic Wars Lydenburg Madagascar Oadan Mahdiya Oairawan LATER Makapan Oal'a of the Banu Hammad PREHISTORIC Makwe RamasesII Mali (post-Mesolithic) Manda Rim Mapungubwe Robberg mastaba of Africa Aceramic Neolithic Matola Rop Adlerberg Matupi Rosetta Ai Bunar Mechta-Afalou Ruanga Aichbiihl megalithic Sabratha Alapraia Meganthropus Sanga All Cannings Cross Mejiro Sangoan alignment Melka Kontoure Saqqara Almerian Memphis Semna Almizarque Merimde Senegambian Alsonemedi Meroe Shamarkian amber millet Sidi Aberderrahman Amfreville Montagu Cave Sinai Amorgos Moshebi's Shelter Smithfield Anghelu Ruju mosque Sousse Mousterian industries of North sphinx Anza Africa Sterkfontein Apennine Bronze Age Munyama Cave Stillbay Mwanganda Swartkrans Argissa Nabta Playa Taforalt Ariusd Nachikuban Tamaya Mellet Arras Nana Madol Taruga astronomy Narosura Tardiguet Aszod Nasera Taung Atlantic Bronze Age Natal Early Tenere Neolithic Aunjetitz Naukratis Temifine axe factory Nderit Drift Thebes Ayia Triada Nderit ware Tiemassas Aylesford Nhunguza Tilemsi Valley Azmak, Tell Njoro River Cave Tshangula Babadag Nkope Tshikapa Baden Nkudzi Tshitolian Baile Herculane Nok turquoise Banjica Ntereso Tutankhamum Barche di Solferino 578 Subject Index

Barclodiad Y Gawres Ciurnesti Ezero Barkaer circumpolar cultures Fafo s coinage faience barrow Coka false entrance Barumini collared urn Fatyanovo Basse Yutz Coppa Nevigata Ferrieres Battersea Shield corbel battle-axe Corded ware firedog Beaker Cortaillod First Temperate Neolithic Belgae Cortes de Navarra flint mine Belverde Cotofeni fogou Bibracte Coveta de l'Or Fontbouisse Birdlip Crickley Hill food vessel Biskupin Crnoliicka Bara boat axe cromlech frying pan Bodrogkeresztur cross da ting Fuzesabony bog s Crvena Stijena Gaudo Boian Cucuteni-Tripolye Borg-in-Nadur Cueva de la Sarsa Geleen bossed bone plaque cup and ring mark Gt'iar Dalam Boyne culture Curacchiaghiu 's grave Branc currency bar Glanum Glasinac Cycladic Glastonbury Brzsc Kujawski Globular Amphora Bubanj-hum Danilo Golasecca Buccino Goljamo Delcevo Bug-Dniester Dejbjerg Gomolova Bukk Dereivca Gorods'ke Burgaschi-See Sud Desborough Gornja Tuzla Bush Barrow Deverel- Rimbury Gortyn Butmir Dhimini Griichwil Bylany Diana Gradesnica Callanish Dinas Powys Graig L1wyd Camerton-Snowshill Divostin Grauballe Man Canegrate Dnieper-Donets dolmen Grimes carnyx domus de janus Grivac carp 's tongue sword double axe Ciiscioarele Druids Gudnja Cassibile Dudesti Gumelnita Castelluccio Gundestrup castro Durrington Walls Gussage All Saints cattle dyss Gwithian cauldron Ebbsfleet Habasesti causewayed camp Egolzwill Hagar Qim Cavdar Egtved Hajdusamson Celt, Celtic EI Argar halberd Elateia Hallstatt Celtic field Eleusis Hal Saflieni Cernavoda El Garcel Hamangia Cernica ElOficio Hambledon Hill Eisioo Hatvan Chalandriani Eis Tudons Helladic Chassey Enkomi Chateauneuf-les-Martigues Enserune chevaux de frise entrance grave Herpaly Chiozza Entremont Heuneburg Chotnika Ephesus hillfort Ciempozuelos Erimi Hjortspring Qrcea Este Hod Hill Subject Index 579

Hohmichele lunula pan-pipe lug Horgen lur Pantalica horns of consecration Mad'arovce Pantelleria Huelva Maes Howe hunebed Magdalenska Gora Passo di Corvo Hvar Maiden Pecel Idaean Cave Maikop Peeica lie Cam Mailhac pennanular brooches lle Longue Maliq Periam Impressed ware Mallia Peschiera incense burner Maltese temples Peterborough ware Indo-European Manching Petrest i lzvoare Mamians Peu Richard Matarrubilla Phaistos Jaszdozsa Matera Phylakopi Jordanova Meare Pianello Juodkrante Medvednjak Piano Conte Kamares Cave megalithic monuments Piestina Kapaa megaron Picene Karanovo Melos pintadera Karbuna menhir Pit-comb ware Kazanlik Michelsberg Plocnik Kephala Mikhajlovka Polada Khirokitia Milazzo Poliochni Kisapostag Mindelheim Poljanica kitchen midden Minoan Porodin Kivik Minyan portal dolmen Knossos Mokrin Postoloprty Knowth Molfetta Praia das Macas Knoviz Monteoru Predonica Koln- Lindenthal Miinsingen Prezletice KolomiiSCina muTUS gallicus Primary Neolithic Kosziderpadlas Mycenaeans Pylos Kuban culture Myrtos Quanterness Kunda culture Nagyrev Quinzano Kujavian grave Narva Remedello Kurgan naveta Rillaton Lagozza Nea Nikomedeia Rinaldone lake Nebo Ripoli La Time Nemunas River Rivoli Laterza New Grange Rixheim Lausitz Nitrianski Hradok rock-cut tomb Lebous Roquepertuse Lengyel Obre Rossen Lepenski Vir obsidian Rudna Glava Lerna oculus Ruse Let Odmut Rzucewo Leubingen Sabatinovka Levkas Orchomenos Salacea Lindholme Heje Ornament Horizon Salamis Linear A Osa Salcuta Otomani Saliagos Otzaki Sarnate Lipari Ovcarovo sarsen Lisicici Ozieri Schela Little Woodbury Padina Scoglio del Tonno lock-ring palafitta Secondary Palanga segmented cist Los Millares Palermo Seine-Oise-Marne Palmela Selevac Lubna palstave Serra d' Alto 580 Subject Index

Serraferlicchio Tordos torre agora severed head cult Toszeg Agrigento Sevem-Cotswold tombs TRB culture alabastron shaft grave transepted gallery grave Alexander the Great -last trilithon Alexandria Silbury Hill Troldebjerg amphitheatre Single Grave culture Trusesti amphora Sitagroi Trzciniec Ampurias Sittard culture antefix situla Uioara de Sus Antonine Wall Unetice aqueduct Skorba urn Archaic Smilcic urnfield, Urnfield culture arena Snettisham Usatovo culture Argos Somerset Levels Vadastra Aries Somme Bionne Valac Arretium Sopot-Lengyel Val Camonica aryballos Soroki Valea Lupului askos Soufli Vapheio South Cadbury Varna atrium spacer plate vase support Attic Spiennes Veselinovo Augst Spissky-Sturtov Veszto Autun Square-mouthed pottery Vidra Baalbeck Stanwick Vila Nova de Sao Pedro ballista Starcevo Villanovan barbotine statue-menhir Vinca basilica Stentinello Bath stone circle Vix baths, Roman Vladimirovka Benghazi Straubing Vlasac Black Figure ware Strelice v-perforation Bologna Strettweg Vrsnik Boudicca Stroke-ornamented ware Vucedol bouleuterion Succase Waldalgesheim box flue Sventoji Wayland's Smithy Britannia Symbolkeramik culture bucchero Szegvar-Tuzkoves Western Neolithic Byzantium, Byzantine talayot West Kennet Caerleon Tara calendar, calendrics Tarquinia Windmill Hill Canterbury Tartaria Woodhenge cantharus Tarxien wristguard capital taula writing Capitol tell Xemxija Capua terp yoke cardo Terramara Zakro Carthage Thapsos zambujal caryatid Thera Zebbug catacomb Thermi Zelena Pecina cella tholos Zengovarkony centuriation Tibava Zlota Cerveteri chamber tomb Timmari Chedworth Tirpesti AND Chester ROME Chiusi cippus Tiszapolgar acropolis circus Tollund Man acroterion Cirencester tore Adria civitas Subject Index 58 I

Classical intaglio Palermo c1assisBritannica Ionic Palmyra coinage kernos Pantheon Colchester laeti Parthenon Cologne larnax Parthian colonia Laurion pediment Colosseum legion Pergamum colour-coated ware Leptis Magna peristyle columbarium Levkas Philippi column Lezoux pilaster Corbridge Piraeus Corinth Lincoln Pithekoussai Corinthian Pompeii Cosa Lyons Pont du Gard crater macellum Portehester Cumae Magna Graecia pozzuolana cuniculus Mainz Priene curia mansio Protogeometric Cyrene Marathon prytaneum Dalmatia marching camp Punic Wars Delos Marseilles Red Figure ware Marzabotto Rhodes Doric mausoleum rhyton dromos Merida Richborough Druids Mildenhall Sabratha Eleusis mile fort Rome Ephesus milestones Salamis Epidauros Miletus Saxon Shore Erechtheum Mithraeum Segesta Ermine Street Mithras Segovia Etruscan mortarium Seven Wonders of the World Este Seleucid fibula Motya Silchester Fishbourne municipium Sounion florence Naples South Cadbury foederati Narce Sparta forum Naukratis Spina Fosse Way Naxos Split Gades Nene Valley ware gaederopus garum New Forest ware stadium Gaul Nimes stamnos geometric Nora Stanegate glans plumbea Noricum stoa Glanum Numidia strigil Gloucester nymphaeum Sybaris Gortyn odeum Syracuse Grlichwil Olympia Taranto gymnasium Olynthus Tarquinia Hadrian's Villa opus incertum Tarragona Hadrian's Wall opus reticulatum Tartessos Halicarnassus opus sectile terra sigillata Hellenistic opus signinum tessera Herculaneum Orange tetrarchy hippodrome orientalizing Tharros Hod Hill Ostia theatre horrea ostrakon Thebes Housesteads Oxyrhyncus tholos hydria Paestum Trajan's Column hypocaust pagus Inchtuthil palaestra triumphal arch insula Palatine Troy 582 Subject Index

Utica Chemigov Hull valium chip carving Huns Veii church Husterknupp Verona Cistercian ware Iceland Verulamium Cividale icon Vetulonia claw beaker illuminated manuscript vicus cloisonne interlace villa codex lona Volterra Cologne Ipswich ware Water Newton Cordoba Jarlshof Watling Street Corinth Jarrow writing costrel Jellinge Wroxeter Cracow Jellinge style Xanten Jutes cruck Kaupang Dalriada Kiev Danekirke Kings Lynn MEDIEVAL EUROPE Danelaw Knowth deserted medieval Kootwijk Aachen Dinas Powys Krefeld-Gellep abbey Domburg acoustic vessels Domesday Book lead glaze albarello Dorestad Lindholme Heje Alfred Jewel Dublin Lindisfame Alfred the Great Dunadd Lindisfame Gospel Andenne ware Escomb Loddekopinge Anglo-Saxon Farfa Lodose Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Feddersen Wierde Lombards archaic maiolica feudalism long house Ardagh Chalice filigree Luni Arthur Finglesham manor bacini Flemish blackwares Mary Rose Badorfware Forum ware Medemblik barrow Franks Mercia basilica Frisians Merovingian battle-axe Fyrkat Middleburg Bayeux Tapestry Gallurus Oratory Migration Period Bede Gdansk Mikulcice Benghazi Genoa Miletus Benty Grange helmet Glastonbury millefiori Beowulf Gnezdovo moated sites Bergen Gniezno Monreale Cathedral Bewcastle Cross Gokstad ship Monthaillou boat burial Goth boat-shaped buildings Granada Moscow Book of Kells grange motte and Bradford-on-Avon grass-marked pottery Mucking burh grass-tempered pottery Mudejar Bygland Graveney Boat Naranco Byzantium, Byzantine Greenland niello Canterbury Grubenhauser Carolingian Gwithian Noirmoutier Cashel Hagia Sophia Normans castle Hamburg Northumbria Celtic art hanging bowls Novgorod ceramique onctueuse Hedeby Nydam champleve enamelling Helgo Offa's dyke Charlemagne Hen Domen ogham Chartres Hispano-Moresque pottery opole Chateau Gaillard hog-back tombs Oseberg ship Cheddar Hradlste Ostr6w Lednicki SubjectIndex 583

Otranto mosaic Tamworth Mshatta Paffrath ware Tara Mudejar Palermo Tassilo chalice Nishapur Pantano Longarini Tating ware Qairawan pattern welding terp Qal'a of the Banu Hammad pennanular brooches Thetford Qasr al-Hayr , East Pictish symbol stones tin-glazed pottery Raqqa Tintagel Samarkand pilgrim Torcello Samarra Piltdown Trelleborg Siraf Pingsdorf ware Trewhiddle Sohar place names Trondheim Sousse polychrome Tyldal chair Timur, Timurid Portchester Urnes Ukhaidir Po~nan Vallhager Wasit preaching cross Vandals proto-maiolica vernacular architecture WESTERN Quentovic Viking rath Vorbasse Abu Hureyra, Tell Ravenna Warendorf Aceramic Neolithic Reichenau Warsaw Achaemenid Reihengraberfeld Wealden House Ain Mallaha relics Wessex A-kalam-dug relief-band amphora West Stow Akkad Repton Wharram Percy Akkadian Rhodes Winchester Alaca Hiiyiik Ribbleshead Winchester style Alalakh ridge and furrow wrist clasps Aleppo Ringerike style Yeavering York Alisar Rivoli Al Mina Roskilde ISLAMIC Amlash Rougiers Amorites round ARCHAEOLOGY Amud , Amudian runes, runic Ajdabiyah Amuq Ruthwell Cross Ashir St Gall plan Baghdad Antioch St Ninian 's Isle Balkh Anu Saintonge ware Bamiyan Aqrab , Tell Saint Umel Banbhore Arpachiyah , Tell Salin styles I-III Basrah Ascalon San Vincenzo Bukhara Asiab, Tepe sceatta Cairo Asildi Hiiyiik schist hones Cordoba Asmar, Tell scramasax Damascus Assur sgraffito wares Fatimid SkeIlig Michael Ghazni Aswad , Tell Slavs Granada Atchana, Tell Smolensk Herat Atlitian Smyrna Isfahan Baal Southampton Jam Baalbek South Cadbury Jerusalem Babylon Split Khirbet al-Mafjar Babylonia stained glass Kilwa Bactria Stamford ware Kufa Baghdad Staraya Ladoga Lashkari Bazar Bahrain Stare Mesto Mahdiya Bakun, Tall i stave construction Marrakesh Banbhore stoneware Mecca Baradostian Medina Basrah Takht-i Sulaiman mosque Beersheba 584 Subject Index

Beidha Matarrah Beit Mirsim, Tell Gordion Mecca Belbasi Guran, Tepe Medes Beldibi Guti Medina Beth Shan megalithic monuments Beycesultan Haftavan Tepe Megiddo Bible, the Haft Tepe Meluhha Bisitun Hajji Firuz Boghazkoy Hajji Muhammad Mes-kalam-dug Halaf, Tell Brak, Tell Halicarnassus Miletus Hama Minaean Byzantium, Byzant ine Harmal, Tell Mitanni Caesarea Hasanlu Mithras calendar Hassuna M'lefaat, Tell camel Hatra Mount Carmel Canaanites Hazor Mshatta Can Hasan Hesi, Tell el Cape Gelidonya Hissar, Tepe Munhata Carchemish Hittites Mureybat Catal Hiiyiik Hurri Nahal Oren cattle hiiyiik Natufian <;ayonii Tepesi Hyksos Nineveh Chaldea Iblis, Tal-i Nippur Choga Mami Indo- European Nishapur Choga Mish Isfahan Nuzi Choga Zanbil Israelite s obsidian Cimmerians clay tablet s Jemdet Nasr Palegawra coinage Palmyra cotton Jerusalem Parthian cuneiform Judeidah Pasargadae Damascus Kadesh Peoples of the Sea Dead Sea Scrolls Karatepe Pergamum Dilmun Karim Shahir Persepoli s Diyala Kassites Persia Dura Europus Khabur Petra Early Dynastic Period Khafajeh Philistine s Ebla Khirbet al-Mafjar Phoenicians EIam Khirbet Kerak Phrygia Emiran Khorsabad pig Enlil Kish Pre-pottery Neolithic Eph esus Kizilkaya Proto-Elamite Erbil Krak des Chevaliers Puabi Kufa Qasr al Hayr, East Eshnunna KiiItepe Qatabanean faience Lachish Qatna Far'ah , Tell el Lagash Ras al-Amiya lapis lazuli Raqqa filigree Larsa Sabaean flood, the Luristan Sabz, Tepe , Tepe Luwians sacrifice Gawra, Tepe Lycia Sakce Gozii Gaza Lydia Samaria Gebal Magan Samarra Gezer Malatya Sarab, Tepe Ghar-i Khar Malian, Tal-i Sassanian Ghassul, Teleilat el Mardikh, Tell Sawwan , Tell-es Gilgamesh Mari Seleucid Giyan, Tepe Marlik , Tepe Shah dad goat Masada Shanidar Subject Index 585

Shahr-i Qum is An g-ang-h si Ajanta Shahr -i Sokhta An imal Style Alamgirpur Shechem Aq Kupruk Amaravati sheep Baikal Neolithic Amri Shuruppak Balkh Anuradhapura Sialk, Te pe Bamiyan Arikamedu Sidon Begram Aryans Sinai Bel'kachi I Asoka Sippur Bon-po At ranjikhera Siraf Buddhism Bala Kot Sohar Buret' Banas Suberd e coinage Bedsa Sumer Djeitun Bhaja Dralang Bharhut Takht-i Sulaiman rDo-rin Black and Red ware Tarsus Geoksyur Bodh Gaya Taya, Te ll Gh azni Buddh ism tell Gladkaia I Burzahom Telloh Hadda Chandoli tepe Herat Chanhu-Daro Timna Ivolga Charsada Timur , Timurid Jam Dabar Kot Troy Kakanj Damb Buthi turquoise Kandahar Damb Sadaat Tyre Karasuk Ellora Ube idiyah Kurgan Gan dhara Uba id Lashkari Bazar Gandhara Grave culture Ugarit Mal't a Ganges civilization Ukhaidir Gangetic hoards Umm an-Nar Minysinsk Basin Gilund • Umm Dabaghiyah Molodova Hallur Uqair, Tell Mundigak Harappa Ur Namazga-depe Harappan civilization Urartu Nogliki I Hastinapura Uruk Noin-Ula Jhukar Wadi Fallah Ord os Jorwe Wasit Pazyryk Judeirjo-Daro writing sPu Yahya , Tepe Pusan Kanheri Yanik Tepe aPy'on-rgyas Karli Rati Kausambi Zagros rice Kechi Beg Zarzi Samarkand Kili Ghul Moham med Zawi Chemi Shanidar Sidemi culture Kondane ziggurat Shindo Kot Diji Zinjirli Sungir Kulli Ziwiye Surk Kotal Kushan Susyua Lothal Tesh ik Tash Lumbini Timur, Timurid Magadha AND Ulan Khada Maheshwar Ushki Malwa Ust' Belaia Mathura Afanasievo Xiongnu Mauryas, Mauryan Ai Khanum Yenisei megaliths A1chi Mehi Altai AND Mehrgarh Altin-depe Mohenjo-Daro Amur Neolithic Mundigak Anau Ahar Nal Andronovo Ahichchatra Nasik 586 Subject Index

Navdatoli Dahe Northern Black Polished ware Dantu Ningxiang Ochre-coloured pottery Dapenkeng oracle bones Orissa Dian Panlongcheng Painted Grey ware ding Patna drums PengXian Piklihal Dunhuang Pingshan Polonnaruwa Eastern Zhou period Puducun Quetta Erligang phase Oijia Rajagriha Erlitou Oin Rajghat Five Dynasties period Oing Rana Ghundai Fufeng Oinglian'gang Rigveda FuHao Qin Shi Huangdi ringweUs Gaocheng Oishan Rupar ge Oujialing Sanchi Geometric pottery rice Sankisa glass vessels Great Wall of Rongand Di Sarnate gui Santa Ana sati Guweicun shaft tombs Shahi Tump Handan Sham Wan Sisupalgarh Han dynasty Shang Soan River hangtu Shangcunling Sotka Koh Hemudu Shilou stupa Homo erectus Shou Xian Sur Jangal Hong Kong silk Sutkagen Dor Hougang Silk Route Taxila Houma Si Mu Wu fang ding Tekkalakota Huai style Sinan Ujjain huang Six Dynasties Utnur iron and steel Song Vaisali jade Spring and Autumn period writing Jiangling Sufutun Zhob Jincun Sui Kexingzhuang Sui Xian Kezuo swords CHINA lacquer Taiwan leiwen Tangshan Lelang Tang Anyang Ii Tanjong Kubor Ba and Shu Liangzhu taotie uding Tongliishan Banshan Lifan Tunxi Baoji Lingtai Turfan Beijing Linyi Warring States period Beiyinyangying Liulige Western Zhou period bells Liyu white pottery belt hook Longmen writing bi Longshan Wucheng bianzhong Loulan Wujin Yancheng ceramics lungshanoid Wuwei Chang'an Luoyang Xia Changsha Machang Xiasi chariot Majiabang Xiawanggang Chengdu Majiayao Xincun Chu Mancheng Xinyang Chunqiu Mawangdui Xinzheng eire perdue metallurgy Xiongnu coinage Miaodigou Yan crossbow millet Yangshao Dadunzi Ming yao Subject Index 587

Yongtai Dammayan Temple Maros points Yuan Devaraja Mataram Yue Dimolit megalithic monuments Yuezhi DOC Chua Meganthropus Yungang Dong-dau Mi-s'on Yunmeng Dong-du'o'ng Mojokerto Zhangjiapo Dong-son Mon Zhanguo Dvarvati Mon-Khmer Zhengzhou Funan Mount Do Zhongyuan Gilimanuk Nagarakritagama Zhou Glass Palace Chronicle Nam Viet Zhou capitals Go Bong Ngandong Zhoukoudian GoMun Niah zong gourd Non' Nok Tha zun Gua Cha obsidian Gua Kechi! oe-se Gua Lawa Pacitanian SOUTHEAST ASIA Hamsavati Pagan Hariharalaya Panduranga Amaravati Haripunjaya P'an-p'an Ananda Temple Heekeren, H.R.van Papuan Angkor Pararaton Angkor Borei Homo erectus Pasemah Plateau AngkorThom Hong Kong Paso AngkorWat Huxley's Line Anyathian Indianization Phimai Arimaddanapura Phongsavadan Au-Lac Indrapura Phung-nguyen Ayutthaya lsanapura Plain of Jars Bacsonian Java Po Nagar Bakong Jih-nan Prambanan Bali Kadiri Preah Vihear Banaue Kalanay Pyu Ban Chiang Kambuja Ouynh-van Ban Kao Kauthara rice Banteay Ch'mar kettle drum sago Banteay Srei Khmer Sa-huynh Baphuon Koh Ker Sailendra Baray Kok Charoen Sai Yok Bayon Kosipe Sambungmacan betel nut Kota Batu Sangiran Borneo Kuala Selinsing Sanjaya Borobudur Kulen Santa Ana Buddhism Lac-viet Santubong Burma Lake Sentani Sawankhalok Cabenge Lan Chang Sdok Kak Thorn Lang-eli Sham Wan Calatgan ShwezigonTemple Cambodia Singhasari Celebes Somrong Sen Lapita culture Son Vi Lavo Chenla Leang Burung Srikshestra Chiao Leang Tuwo Mane'e Chiao-Chih Lin-yi sugar cane chopper/chopping tool Loro Jonggrang Sukhothai coconut Madai Caves Sulawesi Coedes, George Mahendraparvata Co-loa Sunda shelf Da But Dai Viet Malayu Syam 588 Subject Index

Tabon Caves Satsumon Halawa Valley Taiwan Sempukuji Hane Shinto Hawaiian Islands Tamjong Kubor Shirataki Heiau Tasadays Sozudai Holuke'a temple mountain Sue horsehoof cores Sugu Huxley 's Line Thatbyinnu Temple Suzuki Ingaladdi Thaton Tagajo Kafiavana Timor Takamatsuzuka Kartan culture Tingkayu Torihama Kauri Point Toalian industry Toro kava Tra-kieu Tsubai Otsukayama Keilor Trinil Ubayama Kenniff Cave Ulu Leang Uryudo Kimberley Point U-Thong Yamato Kiowa Van-lang Yasumiba Kon-Tiki Vat Ph'u Yayoi Koonalda Kosipe Vijaya KowSwamp Vyadhapura AUSTRALASIA AND Kuk Wallacea Lake Hauroko burial yams OCEANIA Lake Mangakaware pa Yasodharapura Lake Mungo Yavadvipa ahu Lake Ngarato pa aroids Lake Nitchie Australian Core Tool and Lake Sentani Scraper tradition Lancefield Australian Small Tool tradition Langi tombs Austro-Asiatic Lapita culture Ainu Austro-Thai Macassans Asuka Austronesian Maeva bells Balof Cave Mahaiatea Buddhism banana Makaha Valley Dazaifu Bellows Beach Mangaasi Doigahama betel nut Maoris figurines Bondi point marae Fukui Marianas Islands Haji breadfruit Maros point haniwa Broadbeach Marquesas Islands Heijo Palace Burrill Lake Rockshelter Mauna Kea Hoshino Chams Maupiti burial site Idojiri Chatham Islands megalithic monuments Inariyama Oeland Hills Melanesia Itazuke Cloggs Cave Micronesia Iwajuku coconut Misisil Cave Jomon Cohuna moas Kamegaoka Cook,James Mootwingee Kamikuroiwa Cook Islands Mossgiel Karako Devils Lair Motupore Kojiki Downs Mu'a Kofun Dimolit Nan Madol megalithic monuments dingo Necker Island metallurgy Early Man Shelter New Britain mirrors Easter Island Nakada Fiji New Guinea Natsushima Fromms Landing Nihon Shoki gourd Nombe Okhotsk culture Graman Oenpelli Shelters Omori Green Gully obsidian rice Ha'amonga Opunohu Subject Index 589

Orongo Burial Mound period pintadera Otakanini Plano po Cape Krusenstern Palau Islands Chaco Canyon Palliser Bay Chiricahua Panaramitee art Choris pyramid Papuan languages Clovis site Pirri point Cochise San Pedro Pitcairn Island Cody Polynesia Dalton Snaketown Polynesian Outliers Southern Cult Puamau Valley Denbigh Hint Complex Spiro Pulemelei Desert tradition Sulphur Springs Punapau tradition Temple Mound period Puntutjarpa culture Thule tradition Pu'uhonua Eskimo tradition Rano Raraku Etowah turquoise rice Folsom Valders Advance Rongorongo Fort Rock Basin Roonka Fraser River sites Williamsburg Roy Mata Hakataya Wisconsin sago Hell Gap yoke Sahul Shelf Hopewell shell mounds horizon Sigatoka II1inoian Altar de Sacrificios Society Islands Ipiutak Altun Ha Solomon Islands jade astronomy sugar cane Jamestown Aztec sweet potato ball game Taipivai Kolomoki Barton Ramie Talasea Koster Bonampak Talgai cranium labret Broken K Pueblo Taputapuatea Lamoka cacao Tartanga L'Anse aux Meadows calendar Tasmania Llano Calendar Stone Tirimoana pa maize cenote Tonga Cerro de las Mesas Tula adze Meadowcroft Rock Shelter Chacmool Vailele mean ceramic dating chaltoon Vaito'otia Medicine Lodge Creek Chenes Vanuata Mesa Verde Chiapa de Corzo Vinapu Chicanel Wairau Bar Middle Missouri tradition Wallacea Mimbres Chichimec yams Mississipi tradition Cholula Yap Mogollon Classic period Cave Coatepantli NORTH AMERICA Nahuatl codex Northwest Coast tradition Copan Adena Norton corbel Anasazi obsidian cotton Archaic Okvik Coyotlatelco Arctic Small Tool tradition Old Bering Sea Cozumel atlatl Old Copper culture Cuello Basketmaker Cuicuilco Bat Cave Old Crow Hats cylindrical tripod vase Bering Land Bridge Onion Portage Danzantes Big Game Hunting tradition Ozette bison Paleo-Indian EI Tajin pipe-stem dating Formative period 590 Subject Index

Grey ware llaloc griddle Huasteca Tlapacoya incense burner Toltec Huaca lzapa Tres Zapotes jade Triple Alliance Huari Jaina Tula Humaita Juxtlahuaca Cave turquoise I10panga Karninaljuyu Tzakol Inca labret Uaxactun Initial Period Las Bocas Uxmal integration period La Venta ValsequiIlo Intermediate Period La Victoria Xochicalco Intihuasi Cave Lubaantun Yaxchilan maize yoke Marnon Zapotec labret mano Zemi Lagoa Santa Caves Maya Late Horizon Mayapan Lauricocha Caves Mazapan l1ama Mesoamerica SOUTH AMERICA lomas metate milpa Agrelo MachaliIla Miraflores Aguada Mitla Alaka Magel1an Complex Mixtec Arauqinoid maize Monte Alban Arawak manioc Nahuatl Ayacucho mano obsidian Ayampitin Marajo Island sites Olmec Aymara Marca Huarnchuco Bahia Meillacoid phase Paleo-Indian Barrancoid metate perforation Carib Middle Horizon Piedras Negras ceremonial centre Moche pintadera Cerro Sechin Momil Plumbate ware Chancay Nasca Post-Classic period Chavin obsidian Putun Chibcha Ostinoid Puuc Chicoid Paccaicasa pyramid Chilca Pachamac Quetzalcoatl Chimu Paleo-Indian Quirigua Chinampa Pampa Grande Remojades Chincha Paracas Rio Bee Chiripa pintadera sacrifice Chivateros potato Salinas La Blanca Chullpa Pre-ceramic Period San Jose Mogote Classic period Pucara San Lorenzo Cocle Puerto Hormiga Santa Isabel Iztapan Conchopata pyramid Seibal cotton quipu talud-tablero Cupisnique Recuay art style Tamaulipas Cuzco Regional Development Period Tarascan Diaguita Rio Seco Tehuacan Val1ey Early Horizon Sacsahuaman Tenayuca El Inga Saladoid Tenochtitlan El Jobo Salinar Teotihuacan El Paraiso Sambaqui tradition Tepeu Encanto San Augustin Tepexpan Fel1's Cave spout-and-bridge vessel Thin Orange ware Formative period stirrup-spout vessel Thompson, Sir Eric Fuegian tradition sweet potato Tikal Gallinaw Tagua-Tagua Subject Index 591

Taino Carter, Howard Lartet, Edouard Tairona Champollion, Jean-Francois Layard , Sir Austen Childe, V. Gordon Leakey, Louis Tiahuanaco Christy, Henry Leland , John tumbaga Clarke, David Lepsius, Karl Richard Tutishcainyo Coedes, George Loftus, Sir W.K. Umbu Colt Hoare, Sir Richard Lyell, Sir Charles Valdivia Cook, James MacEnery, Father J. Valencoid Crawford, O.G.S. Mariette, Auguste Viru Valley Cuivier, Baron George Marshall, Sir John Waira-Jirca Cunnington, William Montelius, Oscar Wichqana Darwin, Charles Mortillet , Gabriel de yoke Davis, E.H. Muller, Sophus zemi Dechelette, Joseph Pengelly, William Dorpfeld, Wilhelm Petrie , Sir Flinders Douglass , A.E. Piette, Edouard Elgin, Lord Pitt-Rivers, General ARCHAEOLOGISTS Elliott Smith, Sir Grafton Rawlinson, Sir Henry C. ANDOTHER Emery, Walter Bryan Reinecke, Paul SCHOLARS Evans, Sir Arthur Reisner, G.A. Evans , Sir John Schliemann , Heinrich Fiorelli, Giuseppe Squier, E.G. Allen , Major G. Fox, Sir Cyril Stein, Sir Aurel Andersson, J.G. Frere, John Steward, J.H. Andrai, Walter de Geer, Baron G. Stukely, William Aubrey, John Goneim, Zakaria Thompson, Sir Eric , Lord Grotefend, G.F. Thomsen, Christian Belzoni, Giovanni Heekeren, H.R. van Uhle , Max Bennett, Wendell Herzfeld, Ernst Ventris, Michael Botta, Paul-Emile Jefferson, Thomas Wheeler, Sir Mortimer Boucher de Perthes, J. Kenyon, Kathleen Winckelmann, J.J. Breuil, Henri Kidder, Alfred Vincent Winlock, H.E. Camden, William Koldewey, R. Woolley, Sir Leonard Cartailhac, Emile Kroeber, Alfred Louis Worsaae, J,J.A. FURTHER READING

Dating, technology and analysis Bender , B., Farming in (London: John Baker , 1975). Brothwell, D.R., up Bones (London: British Aitken, MJ ., Physics and Archaeology (Oxford : Oxford Museum [Natural History], 2nd edition, 1972) . University Press, 2nd edition, 1974). Chaplin, R.E., The Study ofA nimal Bones from Fleming, S., Dating in Archaeology (Lond on: Dent, Archaeological Sites (London : Seminar Press, 1971). 1976). Ryder, M.L., Animal Bones in Archaeology (Oxford: Hodges, H.W.M. Artefacts (London: John Baker, Blackwell Scientific Publications , 1968) . corrected edition , 1976). Tite, M.S., Methods ofPhysical Examination in Archaeology (London: Seminar Press, 1972). Site technology, sediments and Tylecote, R.F., Metallurgy in Archaeology (London: Edward Arnold, 1962). stratigraphy

Barker, P., Techniques ofArchaeological Excavation General environmental, geology and (London: Batsford, 1977). soils Harris, E.C., Principles ofArchaeological Stratigraphy (London, New York and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1979). Bowen, D.O., Quaternary Geology (London: Pergamon , Limbrey, S., Soil Science and Archaeology (London, 1978). New York and San Francisco: Academic Press, Evans, J.G., Land Snails in Archaeology (London : 1975). Seminar Press, 1972). Webster , G. , Practical Archaeology (London: John Limbrey, S., Soil Science and Archaeology (Lond on, Baker, 2nd edition, 1974). New York and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1975). Price, W.L., The En vironmental History ofthe Near and Computing and statistics Middle East (London, New York and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1978). Simmons, I. and Toole y, MJ., The Environment in Doran, J.E., and Hodson, F.R., Mathematics and British Prehistory (London : Duckworth, 1980). Computers in Archaeology (Edinburgh: Edinburgh West, R.G., Pleistocene Geology and Biology (London: University Press, 1975). Longman, 2nd edition, 1976). Orton , C., Mathematics in Archaeology (London: Collins, 1980) . Plants and plant remains Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of the Old Bender, B., Farming in Prehistory (London : John Baker, World 1975). Godwin, H., History ofthe British Flora (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975). Bordes, F., The Old Stone Age (London: Weidenfeld Moore, P.D. and Webb, J.A., An Illustrated Guide to and Nicolson, 1968) . Pollen Analysis (London: Hodder and Stoughton, Campbell, J., The Upper Palaeolithic ofBritain (Oxford: 1978). Oxford University Press, 1977). Pennington, W., The History ofBritish Vegetation Clark, G., The Stone Age Hunters (London: Thames and (London: English Universities Press, 1969). Hudson, 1967) . Renfrew, J., Palaeoethnobotany (London: Methuen , Collins, D. (ed.), The Origins ofEurope (London: Allen 1973~ . and Unwin , 1975). Simmonds, N.W. (ed.) , Evolution of Crop Plants Collins, D., The Human Revolution (Oxford: Phaidon, (London : Longman, 1976). 1976). Kozlowski, J. and S., Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolith ic in Europe (Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, Animals and animal remains 1979). Leroi-Gourhan, A., The Art of Prehistoric Man in Europe (Lond on: Thames and Hudson, 1968). Baker, J. and Brothwell, D.R., Animal Diseases in Life Books, Early Man (New York: Time-Life, 1966). Archaeology (London, New York and San Morrison , A., Early Man in Britain and Francisco: Academic Press, 1980). (London: Croom Helm, 1980). 592 Further Reading 593

Oakley, K., Frameworks for Dating Fossil Man Renfrew, C , The Emergence ofCivilization: The (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964). Cyclades and the Aegean in the Third Millennium Palmer, S., Mesolithic Cultures of Britain (Poole: BC(London:Methuen, 1972) . Dolphin, 1977). Tringham, R., Hunters, Fishers and Farmers ofEastern Pfeiffer, J., The Emergence ofMan (London: Harper Europe, 6000-3000 He (London: Hutchinson, 1971) . and Row, 1969). Trump, D., The Prehistory ofthe Mediterranean Reader, J., Missing Links (London: Collins, 1980). (London: Allen Lane, 1980) . Wood, B., The Evolution ofEarly Man (London: Peter Lowe, 1976). Wymer, J., Lower Palaeolithic Archaeology in Britain Greece and Rome (London: John Baker, 1968).

Boethius , A., Etruscan and Early Roman Architecture Africa (including Egypt) (Pelican ), (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 2nd edition, 1978) . Brown, D. and Strong, D. (eds.), Roman Crafts Adams,W.Y., Nubia, Corridor to Africa (London: (London: Duckworth, 1976). Allen Lane, 1977). Coarelli , F. [ed.), Etruscan Cities(London: Cassell , Camps,G., Les Civilisat ions prehistoriques de L 'Afrique 1975) . du Nord et du Sahara (Paris: Doin , 1974). Cook , R.M., Greek Painted Pottery (London: Methuen, Clark, J.D ., The Prehistory ofAfrica (London: Thames 2nd edition, 1966). and Hudson, 1970). Cornell , T. and Matthews, J., Atlas ofthe Roman World Clark, J.D . (ed.), Cambridge History ofAfrica, Vol. I (Oxford: Phaidon, 1982). (to 600 BC) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Dinsrnoor , W.B., Architecture ofAncient Greece (New Press, 1982). York : Norton, 1950) . Face, J.D. (ed .], Cambridge History ofAfrica, Vol. II Frere , S., Britannia (London: Routledge and Kegan (600 BC-AD 1050) (Cambridge: Cambridge Paul, 2nd edition, 1978). University Press, 1978). Hammond, N.G.L. and Scullard, H.H. (eds.), Oxford Inskeep, R.R., The Peopling ofSouthern Africa (Cape Classical Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2nd Town: Philip , 1978). edition, 1970). James, T.G .H. [ed .), An Introduction to Nash, E., Pictorial Dictionary ofAncient Rome (London: , 1979). (London: Thames and Hudson, 2nd edit ion, 1968). Noten, F. van., The Archaeology ofCentral Africa Pauly, A.F. von and Wissowa , G. (eds.), (Graz: Akademie Verlag, in press). Realencyclopaedie der c1assischen Oliver, R. (ed .), Cambridge History ofAfrica, Vol. III Altertumswissenschaft and supplements (Stuttgart: (c1050-1600) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Druck enmiiller, 1893-1972). Press, 1977). Stillwell, R., MacDonald, W.L., McAllister, M.H . (eds .), Oliver, R. and Fagan , B.M., Africa in the Iron Age Princeton Encyclopaedia ofClassical Sites (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , 1975). (Guildford: Princeton University Press, 1976). Phillipson,D.W., The Later Prehistory ofEastern and Todd, M., 558c.AD400(London: Southern Africa (London: Heinemann, 1977). Fontana, 1981) Shaw, CT., : its Archaeology and Early History Travlos, J., Pictorial Dictionary ofAncientAthens (London: Thames and Hudson, 1978). (London: Thames and Hudson, 1971) . Williams, M.AJ. and Faure,H. (eds.), The Sahara and Walker, D.S., Geography ofItaly (London: Methuen, the (Rotterdam: Balkema, 1980). 2nd edition , 1967). Ward-Perkins, J.B., Roman Imperial Architecture (Pelican History of Art) (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 2nd edition, 1981).

Childe, V.G., The Dawn ofEuropean Civilization (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul , 6th edit ion, Medieval Europe 1957). Clark, J.G .D., Prehistoric Europe: The Economic Basis (London: Methuen, 1952). Archeologia Medioevale. Issued annually by Edizioni all' Coles, J.M. and Harding, A.F. , The Bronze Age in Insegna del Giglio S.A .S., Via della Querciola 6, Europe (London: Methuen, 1979). Firenze, . Gimbutas, M., Bronze Age Cultures in Central and Archeologie Medievale. Issued annually by Centre du (The Hague: Mouton, 1965). recherches archeologiques medievales, Universite de Milisauskas, S., European Prehistory (London, New Caen , 14032 Caen Cedex, . York, and San Francisco: Academic Press , 1979). Medieval Archaeology: Journal ofthe Society for Phillips, P., Early Farmers of West Mediterranean Medieval Archaeology. Issued annually by the Europe (London: Hutchinson, 1975). Society for Medieval Archaeology, University Phillips, P., The Prehistory ofEurope (London: Allen College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT. Lane , 1980). Zeitschrift fiir Archiiologie des Mlttelalters. Issued Piggott, S., Ancient Europe (Edinburgh: Edinburgh annually by Rheinland-Vorlag GmbH, Cologne, University Press, 1965). West . Renfrew, C, Before Civilization (London: Jonathan Chapelot, J. and Fossier, R., Le Village et la maison au Cape and Penguin, 1973). Moyen Age (Paris: Hachette, 1980). 594 Further Reading

Dixon, P., The Barbarian World (Oxford: Phaidon, Roux, G., Ancient (London: Allen and Unwin, 1976). 1964 Hodges, R., Dark Age Economics (London: Duckworth, Whitehouse, R., The First Cities (Oxford: Phaidon, 1982). 1977). Laing, 1..., Late Celtic Britain and Ireland, C4OO-12OO AD (London: Methuen, 1975). Platt, C., The English Medieval Town (London : Seeker Central Asia and Siberia and Warburg, 1975). Randsborg, K., The Viking Age in (London : Duckworth, 1980). Allchin, F.R. and Hammond, N. (eds.), The Archaeology Wilson, D. (00.), The Northern World(London: Thames ofAfghanistan (London, New York and San and Hudson, 1980). Francisco: Academic Press, 1979) Withold, H., Die Slawen im friJhen Mittelalter (Berlin: Chard, C.S., Northeast Asia in Prehistory (Wisconsin : Akademie Verlag, 1965). University of Wisconsin Press, 1974). Gupta, S.P., Archaeology ofSo viet Central A sia and the Indian Borderlands (Delhi, 1979). Islamic Archaeology Masson, V.M. and Sarianidi, V.l., Central Asia: Turkmenia before the Achaemenids (London: Thames and Hudson , 1972). Archaeology 24/3,1971. This edition of this journal is Mongait, A. 1... , Archaeology in the U.S.S.R. devoted to Islamic Archaeology. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961). Arts Council of , The Arts ofIslam Rudenko, S.l., Frozen Tombs ofSiberia (Los Angeles: (London, 1976). University of California Press, 1970). Creswell, K.A.C., ABibliography ofthe Architecture, Tucci, G., Transhimalaya (London: Barrie, 1973). Arts and Crafts ofIslam (Cairo: American University of Cairo Press, 1961; supplement 1973). Creswell, K.A.C., A Short Account ofEarly Muslim India and Pakistan Architecture (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1958). Fehervari, G., Islamic Pottery (London : Faber, 1973). Lewis, B. (ed.), The World ofIslam (London : Thames Agrawal, D.P., The Copper Bronze Age in India (New and Hudson, 1976). Delhi, 1971). Otto-Dorn, K., Kunst des Islam (Baden-Baden, 1964). Agrawal, D.P. and Chakrabarti, D.K., Essays in Indian Scerrato, U., Islam (London: Cassell, 1976). Protohistory (Delhi , 1979). World Archaeology 14/ I, 1983. This edition of this Agrawal, D.P. and Ghosh , A., Radiocarbon and Indian journal is devoted to Islamic Archaeology Archaeology (Bombay, 1973). Agrawal, D.P. and Kusumgar, S., Prehistoric Chronology and Radiocarbon Dating in India (New Western Asia Delhi, 1974). Allchin, B. and Allchin, R., The Rise ofCivilization in India and Pakistan (Cambridge: Cambridge Adams, R. McC., The Evolution ofUrban Society University Press, 1982). (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1966). Allchin, F.R. and Chakrabarti, D.K., A Source-book of Bender, B., Farming in Prehistory (London : John Baker, Indian Archaeology, Vol. 1 (New Delhi: Munshiram 1975). Manoharlal , 1979). Bibby, G., Lookingfor Dilmun(London: Collins, 1969). Bannerjee, N.R,., The Iron Age in India (Delhi, 1965). Burney, C., From Village to Empire. An Introduction to Davids, T.W.R., Buddhist India, 9th edition, (Delhi, Near Eastern Archaeology (Oxford: Phaidon, 1977). 1970). Doe, D.B., Southern Arabia (London: Thames and Fairservis, W.A. , The Roots ofAncient India (London: Hudson, 1971). Allen and Unwin, 2nd edition , 1971). Ghirshman, R., Ancient Persia:from its Origins to the Ghosh , A., The City in Early Historical India (Simla, Time ofAlexander the Great (London and New 1973). York,1964). Gururaja Rao, B.K., Megalithic Culture in South India Kenyon, K.M., Archaeology in the Holy Land, 4th (Mysore, 1972). edition (London : Ernest Benn, 1979). Piggott, S., Prehistoric India (Harmondsworth: Penguin, Kramer, S.N., The Sumerians (Chicago: Chicago 1950). University Press, 1963). Possehl, G.1..., Ancient Cities ofthe Indus (New Delhi, Lloyd, S., The Archaeology ofMesopotamia: from the 1979). Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest (London : Sankalia, H.D., Prehistory and Protohistory ofIndia and Thames and Hudson, 1978). Pakistan (Poena, 1974). Mellaart, J., Earliest civilisations ofthe Wheeler, R.E.M., The Indus Civilization, 3rd edition (London: Thames and Hudson, 1965). (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1968). Mellaart, J., The Neolithic ofthe Near East (London: Thames and Hudson, 1975). Oates, D. and Oates, J., The Rise ofCivilization China (Oxford: Phaidon, 1976). Oppenheim, A.1..., Ancient Mesopotamia (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1964). , E.C., Chatwin, C.B. and Farkas, A.R., 'A nimal Redman, c., The Rise ofCivilization (San Francisco: Style Art'f rom East to West (New York: The Asia W.H. Freeman and Co., 1978). Society, 1970). Further Reading 595

Cheng, Te-k'un, Chou China (Cambridge: W. Heffer Bosch, F.D.K., Selected Studies in Indonesian and Sons, 1963). Archaeology(Tbe Hague : Martinus Nijohff, 1961). Fong, Wen (ed.), The Great Bronze Age ofChina (New Kon, Inst. voor Taal- , Land- en Volkenkunde, York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Alfred Tran slation Series, 5. A. Knopf; London: Thames and Hudson, 1980). Coedes, G., The Indianized States ofSoutheast A sia, ed. Fontein , J. and Wu, Tung, Unearthing China 's Past Walter F. Vella; translated from the French by Susan (Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1973). Brown Cowing (Honolulu: East-West Center Press Gettens, R.J., The Freer Chinese Bronzes, Vol. II; and Canberra: Australian National University Press, Technical Studies (Washington: Smithsonian 1968). Institution, 1969) . Fox, R.B., The (Manila : National Museum , Hughes-Stanton, P. and Kerr, R., Kiln Sites ofAncient 1970). China (London, 1980) . Frederic, L., The Temples and ofSoutheast Jettmar, K., Art ofthe Steppes (New York: Crown Asia, translated from the French by Arnold Rosin Publishers, 1967). (London: Thames and Hudson , 1965). Lawton, T., Chinese Art ofthe Warring States Period Groslier, B.P., Indochina , translated from the French by (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1982) . James Hogarth (London: Frederick Muller, 1966). Loehr, M., Chinese Bronze Age Weapons (Ann Arbor: Le May, R., The Culture ofSouth-East Asia: The University of Michigan Press, 1956) . Heritage ofIndia (London: Allen and Loehr, M., Ritual Vessels ofBronze Age China (New Unwin, 1954). York: The Asia Society, 1968) . Pisit Charoenwongsa and Subhadradis Diskul, Thailand Phillips, E.D., The Royal Hordes (London: Thames and (London: Frederick Muller, 1976). Hudson, 1965) . Smith, R.B. and Watson, W. (eds.), Early South East Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, M., The Han Dynasty (New York: Asia (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1979). Rizzoli, 1982) . Suleiman, S., Concise ofIndones ia Qian, HaD, Chen, Heyi and Ru, Suichu, Out of China 's (Jakarta: Archaeological Foundation, 1974). Earth: A rchaeological Discoveries in the People 's , H.G., The in Hindu Times Republic ofChina (New York : Harry N. Abrams, (London: Bernard Ouaritch, 1976). 1981). Rawson, Jessica , Ancient China. Art andArchaeology (London: British Museum, 1980) . Sato, Masahiko, : A Short History Japan (New York and Tokyo: Weatherhill/Heibonsha, 1981) . Seckel, D., The Art of Buddhism (New York : Crown Aikens, C. Melvin and Takayasu Higuchi, Prehistory of Publishers, 1964). Japan (London, New York and San Francisco: Tsien, Tsuen-hsuin, Wrillen on Bamboo and Silk : The Academic Press, 1982) . Beginnings ofChinese Books and Inscriptions Bleed, P., 'The Yayoi Cultures of Japan', Arctic (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962). Anthropology9I2,1972. Wang, Zhongshu, Han Civilization (New Haven and Chard, C.S., Northeast Asia in Prehistory (Wisconsin: London: Yale University Press, 1982) . University of Wisconsin Press, 1974). Watson , W., Archaeology in China (London: Max lkawa-Smith, E, 'Current issues in Japanese Parrish , 1960) . archaeolog y', American Scientist 68/2, 1980. Watson , W., Cultural Frontiers in Ancient East Asia Koyama, S., 'Jomon subsistence and population', Senti (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1971). Ethnological Studies 2, 1978 (National Museum of Wenwu kaogu gongzuo san shi nian 1949-1979 (Thirty Ethnology , Senri Park, Osaka) . Years ofArchaeological Work in China , Maringer, J., 'Clay figurines of the Jomon Period: a 1949-1979), in Chinese (Beijing: Wenwu Press, contribution to the history of ancient religion in 1979). A survey of important finds in Chinese Japan', History ofReligion, 1412, 1974. archaeology, by province and period, with reference s to excavation reports. Wertime , T.A. and Muhly, J.D. (eds .), The Coming of the Age 01 Iron (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1980). Willetts, W., Chinese Art (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1958). Allen, J., Golson, J. and Jones , R. (eds), Sunda and Sahul: Prehistoric Studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia (London, New York and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1977). Southeast Asia Edwards, E., Australian Aboriginal Art: The Art ofthe Alligator Rivers Region, Northern Territory (Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Bezacier, L., Le Viet-Nam: de la Prehistoire a la fin de Studies, 1979). l'occupation chinoise (Paris: edns . A. et J. Picard, Kirk, R.L. and Thome, A.G . (eds.), The origin ofthe 1972). Manuel d'Archeologie d'Extrerne-Orient, Australians (Canberra: Australian Institute of Premiere Partie : Asie du Sud-Est, Tome II. Aboriginal Studies, 1976). Human Biology series no. Boisselier, J., Le Cambodge (Paris: edns . A. et J. Picard, 6. 1966). Manuel d'Archeologie d'Extreme-Otient, Mulvaney, DJ., The prehistory ofAustralia Premiere Partie: Asie du Sud -Est , Tome I. (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, revised, 1975). 596 Further Reading

Mulvaney, Dol. and Golson, J. (eds.), Aboriginal man Stark, B.L. and Voorhies , B., Prehistoric Coastal and environment in Australia (Canber ra: Australian Adaptations (London, New York and San Francisco: National University Press, 1971). Academ ic Press, 1978). White, J.P. and O'Connell, J.F. A Prehistory of Taylor, RE. and Meighan, C.W., Chronologies in New Australia , New Guinea and Sahul (Sydney: World Archaeology (London, New York and San Academic ' Press, 1982). Francisco: Academ ic Press, 1978). Wright, R V.S. (ed.), Sone a.sCultural Markers: Thomas, D.H., Archaeology (New York: Holt, Rinehart Change, Evolution and Complexity (Canberra : and Winston, 1979). Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1977). Willey, G., Introduction to American Archaeology, 2 Prehistory and Material Culture Series no. 12. vols. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966 and 1971). Zubrow, E.B. et. al. [eds.), A rchaeology: Selected Readings from Scientific American (San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co., 1974). Oceania North America Allen, J., Golson, J. and Jones, R. (eds.), SUn/faand Sahul: Prehistoric studies in Southeast Asia, Giddings, J.L., Ancient Men ofthe A rctic (New York : Melanesia and A ustralia (London, New York and Alfred Knopf, 1967). San Francisco: Academic Press, 1977) Hudson, C, The Southeastern Indian s (Tennessee: Barnard, N. (ed.], Early Chinese Art and its possible University of Tennes see Press, 1976). influence in the Pacific Basin, 3 vols. (New York: Jennings, J.D., Prehistory of North America (New York : Intercultural Arts Press, 1972). McGraw-Hili , 1974). Bellwood, P.S., 'The prehistory of Oceania', Current Martin, P. and Plog, F., The Archaeology of 16, 1975. (Garden City, New York : Doubleday/Natural Bellwood, P.S., Man's Conquest ofthe Pacific (London : History Press, 1973). Collins, 1978). Sturtevant,W.e. (ed.), Handbook ofNorth American Bellwood, P.S., The Polynesians (London : Thames and Indians (Washington: Smithsonian Institution; Vols. Hudson, 1978). 8 and 15, 1978; Vol. 9, 1979). Bellwood, P.S., 'The peopling of the Pacific', Scientif ic American 243/5, 1980. Mesoamerica Fox, A., Prehistoric Maori (London: Longman Paul, 1976). Adams, R.E.W., Prehistoric Mesoamerica (Boston : Heyerdahl, T., Early man and the ocean (New York: Little Brown and Co., 1977). Doubleday, 1979). Bernal, I., The Olmec World (Berkele y and Los Angeles: Howells, W.W., The Pacific Islanders (New York: University of California Press, 1969). Scribners, 1973). Coe, M.E., (New York: Praeger Publishers, Irwin, Gol., 'The prehistory of Oceania: colonization and 1977). cultural changes', Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Coe, M.D., The Maya (London: Thames and Hudson , Archaeology, 1980. 1980). Jennings, J.D. (ed.), The Prehistory ofPolynesia Flannery, K.V., The Early Mesoamerican Village (New (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979). York, San Francisco and London: Academic Press, Lewis, D., We, the Navigators (Wellington: Reed, 1972). 1976). Steensberg, A., New Guinea Gardens (London , New Hammond, N. and Willey, G. (eds.), Maya Archaeology York and San Francisco: Academic Press, 1980). and Ethnohistory (Austin and London : University of Texas Press, 1976). Porter Weaver, M., The Aztecs, Maya and their Predecessors (New York: Seminar Press, 1972). The Thompson, J.E.S., Maya History and Religion (Norm an Okla: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970) . General Wauchope, R. (ed.), Handbook of Middle American Indians (Austin: University of Texas P.ress; Vols. 2 and 3, 1965; Vols.lOand 11, 1971) . Jennings, J.D. and Norbeck, E. (eds.), Prehistoric Man in the New World (Chicago: University of Chicago South America Press, 1964). Jennings, J.D. (ed.), Ancient Native Americans (San Bankes, G., before Pizarro (Oxford : Phaidon Press, Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co., 1978). 1977). Leone, M. (ed.), Contemporary Archaeology: A Guide Lanning, E.P., Peru before the Incas (Englewood Cliffs: to Theory and Contributions (Carbondal e: Illinois Prentice-Hall , 1967). University Press, 1972). Lumbreras, L.G., The Peoples and Cultures of Ancient Meggers, B.J., Prehistoric America : An Ecological Peru (Washington : Smithsonian Institution Press, Perspective (Hawthorne, New York: Aldine 1976). Publishing Co., 1979). Mason, J.A. , The Ancient Civilizations ofPeru Schuyler, RL. (ed.), Historical Archaeology: A Guide to (Harmondsworth : Penguin Books, 1968). Substantive and Theoretical Contributions Meggers, B.J., Ecuador (New York: Praeger, 1966). (Farmingdale, New York: Baywood Publishing Inc., Rouse, I. lind Cruxent, J.M., Venezuelan Archaeology 1978). (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Further Reading 597

Archaeologists and other scholars Archaeology (London : Thames and Hudson, 1975). Lloyd,S. , Foundations in the Dust (London : Thames Daniel, G., 150 Years ofArchaeology (Lond on: and Hudson, revised 1980). Duckworth, 1978). Willey, G.R. and Sabloff, J.A., A History ofAmerican Klindt-Jensen , 0 ., A History ofScandinavian Archaeology (London : Thames and Hudson, 1974).