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Venth Nation Conference on Light Rail Transit Volume 2 with Associated Papers on Issues and Future Oe Rail Transit

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Venth Nation Conference on Light Rail Transit Volume 2 with Associated Papers on Issues and Future Oe Rail Transit ONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 8 VENTH NATION CONFERENCE ON LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT VOLUME 2 WITH ASSOCIATED PAPERS ON ISSUES AND FUTURE OE RAIL TRANSIT • TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 1997 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chairman: David N. Wormley, Dean of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Vice Chairman: Sharon D. Banks, General Manager, AC Transit, Oakland, California Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board Brian J. L. Berry, Lloyd Viel Berkner Regental Professor, University of Texas at Dallas Lillian C. Borrone, Director, Port Commerce Department, The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, New York City (Past Chairman, 1995) David G. Burweil, President, Rails-to-Trails Conservancy, Washington, D.C. E. Dean Carlson, Secretary, Kansas Department of Transportation, Topeka James N. Denn, Commissioner, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul John W. Fisher, Joseph T. Stuart Professor of Civil Engineering and Director, ATLSS Engmeering Research Center, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Dennis J. Fitzgerald, Executive Director, Capital District Transportation Authority, Albany, New York David R. Goode, Chairman, President, and CEO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, Virginia Delon Hampton, Chairman and CEO, Delon Hampton & Associates, Chartered, Washington, D.C. Lester A. Hoel, Hamilton Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville James L. Lammie, Director, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc., New York City Bradley L. Mallory, Secretary of Transportation, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg Robert E. Martinez, Secretary of Transportation, Commonwealth of Virginia, Richmond Marshall W. Moore, Director, North Dakota Department of Transportation, Bismarck Craig E. Phihp, President, Ingram Barge Company, Nashville, Tennessee Andrea Riniker, Deputy Executive Director, Port of Seattle, Seattle, Washington John M. Samuels, Vice President—Operating Assets, Consolidated Rail Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Wayne Shackelford, Commissioner, Georgia Department of Transportation, Atlanta Les Sterman, Executive Director, East-West Gateway Coordinating Council, St. Louis, Missouri Joseph M. Sussman, JR East Professor and Professor of Civil and Environmental Engmeering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (Past Chairman, 1994) James W. van Loben Sels, Director, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento (Past Chairman, 1996) Martin Wachs, Director, University of California Transportation Center, and Professor of Civil Engineering and City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley David L. Winstead, Secretary, Maryland Department of Transportation, Baltimore-Washington International Airport, Maryland Mike Acott, President, National Asphalt Pavement Association, Lanham, Maryland (ex officio) Roy A. Allen, Vice President, Research and Test Department, Association of American Railroads, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) Joe N. Ballard (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commander, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) Andrew H. Card, Jr., President and CEO, American Automobile Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) Thomas J. Donohue, President and CEO, American Trucking Associations, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia (ex officio) Francis B. Francois, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) David Gardiner, Assistant Administrator, Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) Albert J. Herberger (Vice Adm., U.S. Navy, retired), Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) T. R. Lakshmanan, Director, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Gordon J. Linton, Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Ricardo Martinez, Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) William W. Millar, President, American Public Transit Association, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) Jolene M. Molitoris, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Dharmendra K. Sharma, Administrator, Research and Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Rodney E. Slater, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Barry L. Valentine, Acting Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 8 SEVENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT VOLUME 2 WITH ASSOCIATED PAPERS ON ISSUES AND FUTURE OF RAIL TRANSIT Baltimore, Maryland November 12-15, 1995 Sponsored by Transportation Research Board American Public Transit Association PROPERTY OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH APR 2 8 199T BOARD NRC LIBRARY NATIONAL NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS RESEARCH WASHINGTON, D.C. 1997 COUNCIL Conference Proceedings 8 Committee Sponsorship for 1996 Annual Meeting Papers ISSN 1073-1652 ISBN 0-309-06152-0 GROUP 1—TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION Thomas F. Humphrey, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Chairman) Subscriber Category Public Transportation Section VI public transit Subhash R. Mundle, Mundle &: Associates Inc. (Chairman) Committee on Rail Transit Systems Transportation Research Board publications are available by or• S. David Phraner, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey dering individual publications directly from the TRB Business (Chairman), John R Aurelius, NJ Transit Corporation Office or by annual subscription through organizational or indi• (Secretary), John A. Bailey, Amy Bauer, Paul N. Bay, Jack W. vidual affiliation with TRB. Affiliates and library subscribers are Boorse, Thomas J. Carmichael, Peter Fahrenwald, Alex E. eligible for substantial discounts. For further information or to ob• Friedlander, Thomas R. Hickey, Herbert S. Levinson, Richard S. tain a catalog of TRB publications in print, write to Transporta• Marshment, Murphy McCalley, David R. Miller, Jeffrey G. tion Research Board, Business Office, National Research Council, Mora, Lee H. Rogers, John W. Schumann, Ronald C. Sheck, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418 (tele• John D. Wilkins, Nigel H. M. Wilson phone 202-334-3214). Committee on Commuter Rail Transportation Walter E. Zullig, Jr. Metro-North Commuter Railroad Printed in the United States of America (Chairman), Emmanuel S. Horowitz (Vice Chairman), John P. Aurelius, James A. Brown, James W. Burcham, Donald NOTICE: The papers in this report have been reviewed by a group O. Eisele, Thomas E. Frawley, George Edward Gray, Steven R. other than the authors according to procedures approved by the Hanson, Thomas R. Hickey, Jack M. Kanarek, Jerome Kirzner, Governing Board of the National Research Council. The views ex• R. David Minister, Jeffrey G. Mora, Katherine O'Neil, Eugene K. pressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the Skoropowski, George M. Smerk, James Stoetzel, Edson Leigh views of the Transportation Research Board, the National Re• Tennyson, John F. Tucker III, Richard W. Whitehead search Council, or the sponsors of the conference. The conference was sponsored by the Transportation Research Committee on Light Rail Transit Board and the American Public Transit Association. Thomas F. Larwin, San Diego Metropolitan Transit Development Board (Chairman), John W. Schumann, LTK Engineering Services Conference Planning Committee for the Seventh National (Secretary), Gregory P. Benz, Jack W. Boorse, David Calver, Conference on Light Rail Transit Douglas R. Campion, Thomas J. Carmichael, John H. Chaput, Ronald DeGraw, Kathryn DeSpiegalaere, Donald O. Eisele, Chairman, Thomas E Larwin, San Diego Metropolitan Transit Rodney W. Kelly, Linda J. Meadow, S. David Phraner, Steven E. Development Board Polzin, Pilka Robinson, Peter J. Schmidt, Joseph S. Silien, Katherine R TurnbuU, John D. Wilkins, Nigel H. M. Wilson, John P. Aurelius, New Jersey Transit Oliver W Wischmeyer, Jr., Richard Wolsfeld, Jr. Paul N. Bay, BRW, Inc. Cameron Beach, Sacramento Regional Transit Transportation Research Board Staff Gregory P. Benz, Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade 8c Douglas Robert E. Spicher, Director, Technical Activities Jack W. Boorse, Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas Peter L. Shaw, Senior Program Officer, Public Transportation Thomas J. Carmichael, Los Angeles County Metropolitan Trans• Nancy A. Ackerman, Director, Reports and Editorial Services portation Authority/Rail Construction Corporation Naomi Kassabian, Associate Editor James H. Graebner, Lomarado Group William Lieberman, San Diego Metropolitan Transit Develop• ment Board Paul O'Brien, Sacramento Regional Transit S. David Phraner, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Peter J. Schmidt, De Leuw, Gather and Company John W. Schumann, LTK Engineering Services Joseph S. Silien, ABB Traction, Inc. Edson L. Tennyson, Vienna, Virginia Liaison Representatives Jeffrey G. Mora, Federal Transit Administration Ruth F. Silverstone, Maryland Mass Transit Administration Frank J. Cihak, American Public Transit Association CONTENTS VOLUME 1 Foreword PART 1: POLICY AND PLANNING FOR LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS Operating System Status Status of North American Light Rail Transit Systems: 1995 Update 3 John W. Shumann and Suzanne R. Tidrick Sacramento Regional Transit's Light Rail: Approaching
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