Maui High School STEM Building / Autism Center--Draft EA (AFNSI)
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Appendix 3: a Note on Sources
Appendix 3: A Note on Sources There is a wealth of material from which to develop a more comprehensive account of the role played by warfare and coercion during the wars of unification. The unification of the Hawaiian archipelago is particularly well documented because of its relatively late date, the large number of European visitors to the chain who left written accounts about the period of unification, and the recording of Hawaiian sources in the 19th century. Seven groups of sources are available for the study of Hawaiian society up until the death of the first king, Kamehameha I, in 1819: the observations of European visitors to the islands from 1778 until 1819, missionary accounts from 1820 onwards, oral traditions and oral testimony recorded by Hawaiian scholars from the 1830s onwards, ethnographic studies by Europeans from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, 19th-century land records, archaeological remains of Hawaiian culture, and modern scientific studies of the physical environment. The earliest written accounts of Hawaiian society are the journals and logs of various members of Captain James Cook’s third voyage of discovery into the Pacific. Cook made three separate visits to the Hawaiian Islands between January 1778 and February 1779. As a number of Cook’s officers kept journals, it is possible to crosscheck their accounts for inconsistencies.1 The expedition only spent three and a half months in the island chain, mostly on board ship. Only Waimea Bay on Kaua‘i, and Kealakekua Bay on Hawai‘i were visited for any length of time, or described in any detail. -
The Hawaiian Military Transformation from 1770 to 1796
4 The Hawaiian Military Transformation from 1770 to 1796 In How Chiefs Became Kings, Patrick Kirch argues that the Hawaiian polities witnessed by James Cook were archaic states characterised by: the development of class stratification, land alienation from commoners and a territorial system of administrative control, a monopoly of force and endemic conquest warfare, and, most important, divine kingship legitimated by state cults with a formal priesthood.1 The previous chapter questioned the degree to which chiefly authority relied on the consent of the majority based on the belief in the sacred status of chiefs as opposed to secular coercion to enforce compliance. This chapter questions the nature of the monopoly of coercion that Kirch and most commentators ascribed to chiefs. It is argued that military competition forced changes in the composition and tactics of chiefly armies that threatened to undermine the basis of chiefly authority. Mass formations operating in drilled unison came to increasingly figure alongside individual warriors and chiefs’ martial prowess as decisive factors in battle. Gaining military advantage against chiefly rivals came at the price of increasing reliance on lesser ranked members of ones’ own communities. This altered military relationship in turn influenced political and social relations in ways that favoured rule based more on the consent and cooperation of the ruled than the threat of coercion against them for noncompliance. As armies became larger and stayed in the field 1 Kirch (2010), p. 27. 109 TRANSFORMING Hawai‘I longer, the logistics of adequate and predictable agricultural production and supply became increasingly important and the outcome of battles came to be less decisive. -
Charles W. Kenn, Trans. Moolelo of Ancient Hawaii, Reverend John F
Reviews 85 Charles W. Kenn, Trans. Moolelo of Ancient Hawaii, Reverend John F. Pogue, Honolulu, Topgallant Press, 1978. Pp. xii, 245, appendix. $5.95. A major obstacle to understanding anything having to do with Ha- waiian history and culture is that most of the major histories are written by non-speakers of the Hawaiian language. Thus, all of the major English- language histories or commentaries on Hawaii are based on the writings of basically four people: Samuel Kamakau, David Malo, John Papa Ii, and Abraham Fornander, Hawaiians who spoke English. But, much of Ka- makau was unknown until parts of his writing were translated by Dr. Mary Kawena Pukui, in 1950. Much of Malo’s work still remains to be translated, as is the case with some of the Ii and Fornander materials. The real need in Hawaiian studies presently is for Hawaiian translators who understand the metaphors of the Hawaiian language of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and who also have the historian’s objectivity and re- search skills. Such a rare gem is Charles W. Kenn, who, in his seventies now, is just beginning to receive the credit and the recognition due him as a Hawaiian linguist and scholar. He has written prolifically on a number of Hawaiian subjects such as history, genealogy, sports, linguistics, music and even horticulture. In the Hawaiian community itself, Kenn is greatly admired and respected for his universal and academic perspective. He has labored long and largely unnoticed most of his life, although he is quoted often by scholars at the Bishop Museum, the Kamehameha Schools and the University of Hawaii. -
Nds of Marriage: the Implications of Hawaiian Culture & Values For
Configuring the Bo(u)nds of Marriage: The Implications of Hawaiian Culture & Values for the Debate About Homogamy Robert J. Morris, J.D.* (Kaplihiahilina)** Eia 'o Hawai'i ua ao,pa'alia i ka pono i ka lima. Here is Hawai'i, having become enlightened, confirmed by justice in her hands.1 * J.D. University of Utah College of Law, 1980; degree candidate in Hawaiian Language, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. Mahalo nui to Daniel R. Foley; Evan Wolfson; Matthew R. Yee; Walter L. Williams; H. Arlo Nimmo; Hon. Michael A. Town; Len Klekner; Andrew Koppelman; Albert J. Schtltz; the editors of this Journal; and the anonymous readers for their assistance in the preparation of this Article. As always, I acknowledge my debt to feminist scholarship and theory. All of this notwithstanding, the errors herein are mine alone. This Article is dedicated to three couples: Russ and Cathy, Ricky and Mokihana, and Damian and his aikAne. Correspondence may be sent to 1164 Bishop Street #124, Honolulu, HI 96813. ** Kapd'ihiahilina, my Hawaiian name, is the name of the commoner of the island of Kaua'i who became the aikane (same-sex lover) of the Big Island ruling chief Lonoikamakahiki. These two figures will appear in the discussion that follows. 1. MARY KAWENA P0KU'I & SAMUEL H. ELBERT, HAWAIIAN DICTIONARY 297 (1986). This is my translation of a name song (mele inoa) for Lili'uokalani, the last monarch of Hawai'i. Her government was overthrown with the assistance of resident American officials and citizens January 14-17, 1893. The literature on this event is voluminous, but the legal issues are conveniently summarized in Patrick W. -
Kaae, Leonard Kuuleinamoku, July 19, 2012 Leonard Kuuleinamoku Kaae, 84, of Honolulu, a Retired Hawaiian Tug & Barge Seaman and an Army Veteran, Died
Kaae, Leonard Kuuleinamoku, July 19, 2012 Leonard Kuuleinamoku Kaae, 84, of Honolulu, a retired Hawaiian Tug & Barge seaman and an Army veteran, died. He was born in Honolulu. He is survived by wife Ruth H. and sisters Ethel Hardley and Rose Giltner. Private services. [Honolulu Star-Advertiser 11 August 2012] Kaahanui, Agnes Lily Kahihiulaokalani, 77, of Honolulu, Hawaii, passed away June 14, 2012 at Kuakini Medical Center. Born July 10, 1934 in Honolulu, Hawaii. She was retired Maintenance Housekeeping Personel at Iolani Palace. She is survived by sons, Clifford Kalani (Marylyn) Kaahanui, Clyde Haumea Kaahanui, Cyrus Kamea Aloha Kaahanui, Hiromi (Jeanette) Fukuzawa; daughters, Katherine Ku’ulei Kaahanui, Kathleen Kuuipo (Arthur) Sing, Karen Kehaulani Kaahanui; 14 grandchildren; 10 great-grandchildren; sister, Rebecca Leimomi Naha. Visitation 10:00 a.m. Thursday (7/19) at Mililani Downtown Mortuary, Funeral Service 11:00 a.m., Burial 2:00 p.m. at Hawaiian Memorial Park Cemetery. Casual Attire. Flowers Welcome. [Honolulu Star-Advertiser 17 July 2012] Kaahanui, Agnes Lily Kahihiulaokalani, June 14, 2012 Agnes Lily Kahihiulaokalani Kaahanui, 77, of Honolulu, a retired Iolani Palace maintenance housekeeping worker, died in Kuakini Medical Center. She was born in Honolulu. She is survived by sons Clifford K., Clyde H. and Cyrus K. Kaahanui, and Hiromi Fukuzawa; daughters Katherine K. and Karen K. Kaahanui, and Kathleen K. Sing; sister Rebecca L. Naha; 14 grandchildren; and 10 great- grandchildren. Visitation: 10 a.m. Thursday at Mililani Downtown Mortuary. Services: 11 a.m. Burial: 2 p.m. at Hawaiian Memorial Park. Casual attire. Flowers welcome. [Honolulu Star- Advertiser 17 July 2012] Kaahanui, Carolyn Luana, July 21, 2012 Carolyn Luana Kaahanui, 59, of Kahului, a Makena Surf housekeeping department employee, died in Maui Memorial Medical Center. -
HAWAII National Park HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
HAWAII National Park HAWAIIAN ISLANDS UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION N AT IONAL PAR.K. SERIES n A 5 o The world-famed volcano of Kilauea, eight miles in circumference An Appreciation of the Hawaii National Park By E. M. NEWMAN, Traveler and Lecturer Written Especially for the United States Railroad Administration §HE FIRES of a visible inferno burning in the midst of an earthly paradise is a striking con trast, afforded only in the Hawaii National Park. It is a combination of all that is terrify ing and all that is beautiful, a blending of the awful with the magnificent. Lava-flows of centuries are piled high about a living volcano, which is set like a ruby in an emer ald bower of tropical grandeur. Picture a perfect May day, when glorious sunshine and smiling nature combine to make the heart glad; then multiply that day by three hundred and sixty-five and the result is the climate of Hawaii. Add to this the sweet odors, the luscious fruits, the luxuriant verdure, the flowers and colorful beauty of the tropics, and the Hawaii National Park becomes a dreamland that lingers in one's memory as long as memory survives. Pa ae three To the American People: Uncle Sam asks you to be his guest. He has prepared for you the choice places of this continent—places of grandeur, beauty and of wonder. He has built roads through the deep-cut canyons and beside happy streams, which will carry you into these places in comfort, and has provided lodgings and food in the most distant and inaccessible places that you might enjoy yourself and realize as little as possible the rigors of the pioneer traveler's life. -
The Storstrd Responsible Have a New on Board Tenyo, Third Officer of Collier , Sugar Story Say Adherents Blamed for Wreck of The
From San Franctsco: Sonoma. July 13. For San Francisco i 3:30 Nippon Maru. July 14. From Vancouver: Makura, July 15. For Vancouver: i l Niagara, July 14. liJ Editio KvenliiK Bulletin. Kst. 18S2. No. ',903 20 --HONOLULU, TERRITORY OP HAWAII, JULY 11, 1911. 20 PAGES PRICE FIVE CENTS Hawaiian Star, Vol. XXII. No. 6942 PAGES SATURDAY, DEMOCRATS DR. SUN TAT SEN COMMISSION KINDS THE STORSTRD RESPONSIBLE HAVE A NEW ON BOARD TENYO, THIRD OFFICER OF COLLIER , SUGAR STORY SAY ADHERENTS BLAMED FOR WRECK OF THE McCandless ..Campaign on Whereabsuts of First Provi Declaration ' That Local sional President Mooted LINER EMPRESS OF IRELAND Question Republicans Refused to Among Chinese Accept Tariff a MAY RE EN ROUTE TO Failure to Call Captain Anderson When Fog Settled Over Compromise MAINLAND AFTER FUNDS Vessel, Given as Reason for Collision in St. Lawrence -- ,.. y-:-v VETERAN CANDIDATE Local Member of Young China River That Brought Death to Almost 1000 on Night ot SURE TO RUN AGAIN of -- Investigation Board Party ""'I J?- - " May 28 Lord Mersey Member Positive Leader Was A fym Iff 4. ' Aboard Japanese Liner ' --' Makes Informal Announcement 11 . v Associated Press servlr by Federal Wireless. ?2&i&e9E&- - No Statement Whether Did Dr. Sun Vat Sen. in the d sguise QUEBEC, Canada, July 11- - The commission appointed to make a Bourbons -- Indorse Duty of a lo!y cooUe, pass through Hono- thorough' investigation of the sinking of the S, S. Empress of Ireland, in the lulu Thus1ay as a st?erago passen- St Lawrence river ht night of May 23, has placed the responsibility for ger Toyo Informal announcement of his can- in the K!sn Kaisha liner the disaster upon the Norwegian collier Storstad. -
School Colors
SCHOOL COLORS Name Colors School Colors OAHU HIGH SCHOOLS & COLLEGES/UNIVERSITIES BIG ISLAND HIGH SCHOOLS Aiea High School green, white Christian Liberty Academy navy blue, orange American Renaissance Academy red, black, white, gold Connections PCS black, silver, white Anuenue High School teal, blue Hawaii Academy of Arts & Science PCS silver, blue Assets High School blue, white, red Hawaii Preparatory Academy red, white Campbell High School black, orange, white Hilo High School blue, gold Castle High School maroon, white, gold Honokaa High School green, gold Calvary Chapel Christian School maroon, gold Kamehameha School - Hawaii blue, white Christian Academy royal blue, white Kanu O Kaaina NCPCS red, yellow Damien Memorial School purple, gold Kau High School maroon, white Farrington High School maroon, white Ke Ana Laahana PCS no set colors Friendship Christian Schools green, silver Ke Kula O Ehukuikaimalino red, yellow Hakipuu Learning Center PCS black, gold Keaau High School navy, red Halau Ku Mana PCS red, gold, green Kealakehe High School blue, silver, gray Hanalani Schools purple, gold Kohala High School black, gold Hawaii Baptist Academy gold, black, white Konawaena High School green, white Hawaii Center for the Deaf & Blind emerald green, white Kua O Ka La NCPCS red, yellow, black Hawaii Technology Academy green, black, white Laupahoehoe Community PCS royal blue, gold Hawaiian Mission Academy blue, white Makua Lani Christian Academy purple, white Hoala School maroon, white Pahoa High School green, white Honolulu Waldorf School -
Microsoftxwordx ... Gexversjonenxx20.06.07.Pdf
The Consequences of Eating With Men Hawaiian Women and the Challenges of Cultural Transformation By Paulina Natalia Dudzinska A thesis submitted for the Cand. Philol. Degree in History of Religions Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages University of Oslo Spring 2007 2 Summary Before 1819 Hawaiian society was ruled by a system of ritual laws called kapu. One of these, the aikapu (sacred eating), required men and women to eat separately. Because eating was ritual, some food items, symbolically associated with male deities, were forbidden to women. It was believed that women had a “haumia” (traditionally translated as “defiling”) effect on the male manifestations of the divine and were, as a consequence, barred from direct worship of male gods and work tasks such as agriculture and cooking. In Western history writing, Hawaiian women always presented a certain paradox. Although submitted to aikapu ideology, that was considered devaluing by Western historians, women were nevertheless always present in public affairs. They engaged in the same activities as men, often together with men. They practised sports, went to war and assumed public leadership roles competing with men for power. Ruling queens and other powerful chiefesses appear frequently in Hawaiian history, chants and myths. The Hawaiians did not seem to expect different behaviour of men and women, except perhaps in ritual contexts. Rank transcended any potential asymmetry of genders and sometimes the highest-ranking women were considered above the kapu system, even the aikapu. In 1819, after 40 years of contact with the foreigners, powerful Hawaiian queens decided to abolish the kapu system, including the aikapu. -
Mission Stations
Mission Stations The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), based in Boston, was founded in 1810, the first organized missionary society in the US. One hundred years later, the Board was responsible for 102-mission stations and a missionary staff of 600 in India, Ceylon, West Central Africa (Angola), South Africa and Rhodesia, Turkey, China, Japan, Micronesia, Hawaiʻi, the Philippines, North American native American tribes, and the "Papal lands" of Mexico, Spain and Austria. On October 23, 1819, the Pioneer Company of ABCFM missionaries set sail on the Thaddeus to establish the Sandwich Islands Mission (now known as Hawai‘i). Over the course of a little over 40-years (1820- 1863 - the “Missionary Period”), about 180-men and women in twelve Companies served in Hawaiʻi to carry out the mission of the ABCFM in the Hawaiian Islands. One of the earliest efforts of the missionaries, who arrived in 1820, was the identification and selection of important communities (generally near ports and aliʻi residences) as “Stations” for the regional church and school centers across the Hawaiian Islands. As an example, in June 1823, William Ellis joined American Missionaries Asa Thurston, Artemas Bishop and Joseph Goodrich on a tour of the island of Hawaiʻi to investigate suitable sites for mission stations. On O‘ahu, locations at Honolulu (Kawaiahaʻo), Kāne’ohe, Waialua, Waiʻanae and ‘Ewa served as the bases for outreach work on the island. By 1850, eighteen mission stations had been established; six on Hawaiʻi, four on Maui, four on Oʻahu, three on Kauai and one on Molokai. Meeting houses were constructed at the stations, as well as throughout the district. -
A Brief History of the Hawaiian People
0 A BRIEF HISTORY OP 'Ill& HAWAIIAN PEOPLE ff W. D. ALEXANDER PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE HAWAIIAN KINGDOM NEW YORK,: . CINCINNATI•:• CHICAGO AMERICAN BOOK C.OMPANY Digitized by Google ' .. HARVARD COLLEGELIBRAllY BEQUESTOF RCLANOBUr.ll,' , ,E DIXOII f,'.AY 19, 1936 0oPYBIGRT, 1891, BY AlilBIOAN BooK Co)[PA.NY. W. P. 2 1 Digit zed by Google \ PREFACE AT the request of the Board of Education, I have .fi. endeavored to write a simple and concise history of the Hawaiian people, which, it is hoped, may be useful to the teachers and higher classes in our schools. As there is, however, no book in existence that covers the whole ground, and as the earlier histories are entirely out of print, it has been deemed best to prepare not merely a school-book, but a history for the benefit of the general public. This book has been written in the intervals of a labo rious occupation, from the stand-point of a patriotic Hawaiian, for the young people of this country rather than for foreign readers. This fact will account for its local coloring, and for the prominence given to certain topics of local interest. Especial pains have been taken to supply the want of a correct account of the ancient civil polity and religion of the Hawaiian race. This history is not merely a compilation. It is based upon a careful study of the original authorities, the writer having had the use of the principal existing collections of Hawaiian manuscripts, and having examined the early archives of the government, as well as nearly all the existing materials in print. -
Raw Sewage and Solid Waste Dumps in Lava Tube Caves of Hawaii Island
William R. Halliday - Raw sewarge and sold waste dumps in lave tube caves of Hawaii Island. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 65, n. 1, p. 68-75. RAW SEWAGE AND SOLID WASTE DUMPS IN LAVA TUBE CAVES OF HAWAII ISLAND WILLIAM R. HALLIDAY Hawaii Speleological Survey, 6530 Cornwall Court, Nashville, TN 37205 USA [email protected] Lava tubes on the island of Hawaii (and elsewhere) are possible subsurface point sources of contamina- tion in addition to more readily identifiable sources on the surface. Human and animal waste, and haz- ardous and toxic substances dumped into lava tube caves are subject to rapid transport during flood events, which are the dominant type of groundwater flow through Hawaiian lava tubes. Although these waste materials may not be a major source of pollution when compared with some surface sources, this potential hazard should be evaluated much as in the case of karstic floodwater conduits. This paper explores the interaction of water flow and solid waste dumps and sewage in lava tubes and lava tube caves of Hawaii Island, Hawaii - an island almost as large as the state of Connecticut (Fig. 1)-and resulting potential threats to groundwater quality. In recent years, Hawaiian cavers and speleologists have become increasingly concerned about these occurrences. Some of the solid waste dumps can be seen to contain partially empty containers of toxic and/or hazardous substances (Fig. 2), including automotive and agricultural waste. Stinking raw sewage speaks for itself (Fig. 3), and members of the Hawaii chapter of the National Speleological Society have been shown the top of a septic tank or cesspool near Keaau said to consist of an unlined segment of lava tube cave.