FINAL
PUBLIC FACILITIES ASSESSMENT UPDATE COUNTY OF MAUI
March 9, 2007
Prepared for:
Planning Department County of Maui 250 High Street Wailuku, Hawai‘i 96793
Prepared by:
R. M. Towill Corporation Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817
FINAL PUBLIC FACILITIES ASSESSMENT UPDATE COUNTY OF MAUI
March 9, 2007
Prepared for:
Planning Department County of Maui 250 High Street Wailuku, Hawai‘i 6793
Prepared by:
R. M. Towill Corporation Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 1-20505-0P
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 PURPOSE ...... 1-1 1.2 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY ...... 1-1 1.3 MULTI-REGION PUBLIC FACILITIES ...... 1-1 1.4 MAUI ISLAND ANALYSIS ...... 1-3 1.4.1 Hana Community Plan Region...... 1-3 1.4.2 Kihei-Makena Community Plan Region ...... 1-5 1.4.3 Lahaina Community Plan Region...... 1-6 1.4.4 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Community Plan Region ...... 1-7 1.4.5 Paia-Ha‘iku Community Plan Region...... 1-8 1.4.6 Wailuku-Kahului Community Plan Region ...... 1-10 1.5 LANA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION...... 1-11 1.6 MOLOKA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION...... 1-12
SECTION 2 METHODOLOGY 2.1 STUDY OBJECTIVE...... 2-1 2.2 SCOPE OF WORK...... 2-1 2.2.1 Work Program...... 2-1 2.2.2 Study Methodology...... 2-1 2.2.3 Population Projections...... 2-2 2.3 REPORT ORGANIZATION ...... 2-4
SECTION 3 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES 3.1 OVERVIEW ...... 3-1 3.2 KEY PLANNING ASSUMPTIONS...... 3-1 3.2.1 Public School Enrollment Projections ...... 3-1 3.2.2 School Location...... 3-2 3.2.3 School Capacity ...... 3-2 3.2.4 Classrooms ...... 3-2 3.2.5 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Educational Facilities ...... 3-3 3.3 INVENTORY OF EXISTING SCHOOLS ...... 3-5 3.3.1 School Locations...... 3-5 3.3.2 School Facility Summary, 2005...... 3-5 3.3.3 Public School Enrollment by Planning Regions, 2005...... 3-5 3.3.4 Special Education Enrollment by Planning Regions, 2005...... 3-5 3.3.5 Private and Charter School Enrollment by Planning Regions, 2005 ...... 3-5 3.3.6 DOE School Enrollment Projections for Maui County, 2005-2011 ...... 3-13 3.3.7 Regional Analyses...... 3-15 3.4 MAUI SCHOOLS ...... 3-15 3.4.1 Hana ...... 3-15 A. Enrollment ...... 3-15 B. Special Education Enrollment ...... 3-15 C. Private School Enrollment ...... 3-16 D. DOE Student Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011...... 3-16 E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030 ...... 3-16 3.4.2 Kihei - Makena ...... 3-17 A. Enrollment ...... 3-17 B. Special Education Enrollment ...... 3-17 C. Private School Enrollment ...... 3-17 D. DOE Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011 ...... 3-18 i
E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030 ...... 3-18 3.4.3 Lahaina ...... 3-19 A. Enrollment ...... 3-19 B. Special Education Enrollment ...... 3-19 C. Private School Enrollment ...... 3-19 D. DOE Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011 ...... 3-20 E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030 ...... 3-20 3.4.4 Makawao - Pukalani - Kula ...... 3-21 A. Enrollment ...... 3-21 B. Special Education Enrollment ...... 3-21 C. Private School Enrollment ...... 3-22 D. DOE Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011 ...... 3-22 E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2011 ...... 3-23 3.4.5 Paia-Ha‘Iku...... 3-23 A. Enrollment ...... 3-23 B. Special Education Enrollment ...... 3-24 C. Private School Enrollment ...... 3-24 D. DOE Student Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011...... 3-24 E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030 ...... 3-25 3.4.6 Wailuku - Kahului ...... 3-25 A. Enrollment ...... 3-25 B. Special Education Enrollment ...... 3-26 C. Private School Enrollment ...... 3-26 D. DOE Student Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011...... 3-27 E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030 ...... 2-37 3.4.7 MAUI DISTRICT SUMMARY...... 3-28 3.5 LANA‘I ...... 3-29 A. Enrollment ...... 3-29 B. Special Education Enrollment ...... 3-29 C. Private School Enrollment ...... 3-29 D. DOE Enrollment Projections from 2002-2008 ...... 3-29 E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030 ...... 3-30 F. Lana‘i Summary...... 3-30 3.6 MOLOKA‘I ...... 3-30 A. Enrollment ...... 3-30 B. Special Education Enrollment ...... 3-30 C. Private School Enrollment ...... 3-31 D. DOE Student Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011...... 3-31 E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030 ...... 3-32 F. Moloka‘i Summary ...... 3-32 3.7 DOE SCHOOL SITE SELECTION CRITERIA ...... 3-32
SECTION 4 LIBRARY FACILITIES 4.1 OVERVIEW ...... 4-1 4.2 SUMMARY OF EXISTING CONDITIONS...... 4-1 4.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY...... 4-2 4.3.1 HSPLS Facility Policies ...... 4-2 4.3.2 Development Criteria for Future Facilities ...... 4-4 4.3.3 Summary of Findings...... 4-4 4.4 MAUI PUBLIC LIBRARIES...... 4-5 4.4.1 Community Plan Region...... 4-5 4.4.1.1 Existing System...... 4-5 4.4.1.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 4-6
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4.4.1.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements...... 4-6 4.4.2 Kihei-Makena Community Plan Region...... 4-6 4.4.2.1 Existing System...... 4-6 4.4.2.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 4-6 4.4.2.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements...... 4-7 4.4.3 Lahaina Community Plan Region ...... 4-7 4.4.3.1 Existing System...... 4-7 4.4.3.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 4-7 4.4.3.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements...... 4-7 4.4.4 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Community Plan Region...... 4-8 4.4.4.1 Existing System...... 4-8 4.4.4.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 4-8 4.4.4.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements...... 4-8 4.4.5 Paia-Hai‘ku Community Plan Region ...... 4-9 4.4.5.1 Existing System...... 4-9 4.4.5.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 4-9 4.4.5.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements...... 4-9 4.4.6 Wailuku - Kahului Community Plan Region...... 4-9 4.4.6.1 Existing System...... 4-9 4.4.6.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 4-9 4.4.6.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements...... 4-10 4.5 LANA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION...... 4-10 4.5.1 Existing System ...... 4-10 4.5.2 Assessment of Existing System ...... 4-10 4.5.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 4-10 4.6 MOLOKA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION...... 4-11 4.6.1 Existing System ...... 4-11 4.6.2 Assessment of Existing System ...... 4-11 4.6.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 4-11
SECTION 5 RECREATION 5.1 OVERVIEW ...... 5-1 5.2 PARK PLANNING...... 5-1 5.2.1 Types of Parks in Maui County...... 5-1 5.2.2 Types of Park Facilities in Maui County ...... 5-3 5.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY...... 5-3 5.3.1 Comparison of Park Planning Standards ...... 5-3 5.3.2 Projection of Future Demand...... 5-4 5.4 EXISTING PARKS AND PARK FACILITIES...... 5-4 5.4.1 Maui County Overview...... 5-4 5.4.2 Methodology for Projecting Future Park Needs ...... 5-6 5.4.3 Park Facility Types ...... 5-6 5.5 MAUI PARK ANALYSIS ...... 5-7 5.5.1 Hana Community Plan Region ...... 5-7 5.5.1.1 Assessment of the Existing System ...... 5-7 5.5.1.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 5-7 5.5.2 Kihei - Makena Community Plan Region ...... 5-10 5.5.2.1 Assessment of the Existing System...... 5-10 5.5.2.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 5-10 5.5.3 Lahaina Community Plan Region ...... 5-14 5.5.3.1 Assessment of the Existing System...... 5-14 5.5.3.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 5-15
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5.5.4 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Community Plan Region...... 5-19 5.5.4.1 Assessment of the Existing System...... 5-19 5.5.4.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 5-22 5.5.5 Paia-Haiku Community Plan Region ...... 5-23 5.5.5.1 Assessment of the Existing System...... 5-23 5.5.5.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 5-25 5.5.6 Wailuku-Kahului Community Plan Region...... 5-26 5.5.6.1 Assessment of the Existing System...... 5-26 5.5.6.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 5-28 5.6 LANA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION...... 5-30 5.6.1 Assessment of the Existing System ...... 5-30 5.6.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 5-31 5.7 MOLOKA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION...... 5-33 5.7.1 Assessment of the Existing System ...... 5-33 5.7.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 5-33
SECTION 6 POLICE 6.1 OVERVIEW ...... 6-1 6.2 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY...... 6-1 6.2.1 Method Of Evaluation ...... 6-1 6.3 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ...... 6-4 6.3.1 Inventory Of Existing Facilities ...... 6-4 6.3.2 Assessment Of County Facilities...... 6-8 6.3.3 Assessment Of Future Facility Requirements ...... 6-8 6.4 MAUI POLICE ANALYSIS...... 6-10 6.4.1 Hana Community Plan Region ...... 6-10 6.4.1.1 Existing System...... 6-10 6.4.1.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 6-10 6.4.1.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements...... 6-10 6.4.2 Kihei - Makena Community Plan Region...... 6-11 6.4.2.1 Existing System...... 6-11 6.4.2.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 6-11 6.4.2.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements...... 6-11 6.4.3 Lahaina Community Plan Region ...... 6-11 6.4.3.1 Existing System...... 6-11 6.4.3.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 6-12 6.4.3.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements...... 6-12 6.4.4 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Community Plan Region...... 6-12 6.4.4.1 Existing System...... 6-12 6.4.5 Paia-Ha‘iku Community Plan Region ...... 6-12 6.4.5.1 Existing System...... 6-12 6.4.6 Wailuku - Kahului Community Plan Region...... 6-12 6.4.6.1 Existing System...... 6-12 6.4.6.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 6-12 6.4.6.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements...... 6-13 6.5 LANA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION...... 6-13 6.5.1 Existing System ...... 6-13 6.5.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 6-13 6.5.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements ...... 6-13 6.6 MOLOKA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION...... 6-14 6.6.1 Existing System ...... 6-14 6.6.2 Assessment Of Existing System...... 6-14 6.6.3 Assessment Of Future System Requirements ...... 6-14
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SECTION 7 FIRE CONTROL 7.1 OVERVIEW ...... 7-1 7.2 INVENTORY OF EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 7-1 7.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY...... 7-1 7.3.1 Assumptions ...... 7-1 7.3.2 Distance...... 7-1 7.3.3 Property Value Based on Land Use ...... 7-1 7.3.4 Topography and Road Conditions...... 7-4 7.3.5 Planning for Future Fire Stations...... 7-4 7.4 EVALUATION OF MAUI COUNTY FIRE CONTROL ADEQUACY ...... 7-5 7.5 HANA ...... 7-5 7.5.1 Assessment of the Existing System ...... 7-5 7.5.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 7-6 7.6 KIHEI-MAKENA ...... 7-6 7.6.1 Assessment of the Existing System ...... 7-6 7.6.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 7-6 7.7 LAHAINA ...... 7-6 7.7.1 Assessment of the Existing System ...... 7-6 7.7.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 7-7 7.8 MAKAWAO-PUKALANI-KULA ...... 7-7 7.8.1 Assessment of the Existing System ...... 7-7 7.8.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 7-7 7.9 PAIA-HA‘IKU ...... 7-8 7.9.1 Assessment of the Existing System ...... 7-8 7.9.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 7-8 7.10 WAILUKU-KAHULUI...... 7-8 7.10.1 Assessment of the Existing System ...... 7-8 7.10.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 7-8 7.11 LANA‘I ...... 7-9 7.11.1 Assessment of the Existing System ...... 7-9 7.11.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 7-9 7.12 MOLOKA‘I ...... 7-9 7.12.1 Assessment of the Existing System ...... 7-9 7.12.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements ...... 7-9
SECTION 8 HOSPITALS 8.1 OVERVIEW ...... 8-1 8.2 SCOPE OF THIS ANALYSIS AND KEY ASSUMPTIONS...... 8-2 8.3 HOSPITALS SERVING THE COUNTY OF MAUI...... 8-2 8.4 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY...... 8-3 8.4.1 Population of Residents and Visitors...... 8-3 8.4.2 Average Daily Census ...... 8-6 8.4.3 Hospital Occupancy Rates ...... 8-6 8.4.4 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Hospital Beds ...... 8-8 8.5 MAUI ANALYSIS ...... 8-10 8.5.1 Existing Hospital Facilities on Maui ...... 8-10 8.5.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand ...... 8-11 8.6 LANA‘I ANALYSIS ...... 8-14 8.6.1 Existing Hospital Facilities on Lana‘i ...... 8-14 8.6.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand ...... 8-14 8.7 MOLOKA‘I ANALYSIS...... 8-17 8.7.1 Existing Hospital Facilities on Moloka‘i...... 8-17
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8.7.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand ...... 8-18
SECTION 9 LONG TERM CARE 9.1 OVERVIEW ...... 9-1 9.2 SCOPE OF THIS ANALYSIS ...... 9-1 9.3 RELEVANT MAUI COUNTY POPULATION TRENDS ...... 9-2 9.4 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY...... 9-4 9.4.1 Population of Residents Age 65+ ...... 9-4 9.4.2 Average Daily Census ...... 9-5 9.4.3 Occupancy Rates...... 9-5 9.4.4 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Long Term Care Beds...... 9-6 9.5 MAUI ...... 9-6 9.5.1 Existing Long Term Care Facilities on Maui...... 9-6 9.5.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand, Maui ...... 9-7 9.5.3 Distribution of Future Demand for Long Term Care Beds by Maui Facility...... 9-8 9.6 LANA‘I ...... 9-9 9.6.1 Existing Hospital Facilities on Lana‘i ...... 9-9 9.6.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand, Lana‘i...... 9-9 9.7 MOLOKA‘I ...... 9-10 9.7.1 Existing Hospital Facilities on Moloka‘i...... 9-10 9.7.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand, Moloka‘i ...... 9-10
SECTION 10 EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES 10.1 OVERVIEW ...... 10-1 10.2 SCOPE OF THIS ANALYSIS ...... 10-1 10.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY...... 10-1 10.4 EXISTING AMBULANCE FACILITIES IN THE COUNTY OF MAUI...... 10-3 10.4.1 Responsibility...... 10-3 10.4.2 Ambulance Capacity...... 10-3 10.4.3 State Analysis of Current Ambulance Needs ...... 10-3 10.4.4 Populations Creating Demand for Ambulance Services ...... 10-6 10.4.5 Generation Rates for Ambulance Services ...... 10-7 10.5 FORECAST OF REGIONAL AMBULANCE DEMAND ON MAUI, 2005-2030 ...... 10-8 10.6 HANA ...... 10-8 10.7 LANA‘I ...... 10-9 10.8 MOLOKA‘I ...... 10-9 10.9 AMBULANCE STAFFING AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS ...... 10-9
SECTION 11 AIRPORTS 11.1 OVERVIEW ...... 11-1 11.2 EXISTING AIRPORTS...... 11-1 11.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY...... 11-1 11.3.1 Method of Evaluation...... 11-1 11.3.2 Assessment of Existing Facilities ...... 11-4 11.4 PLANNED/ FUTURE FACILITIES...... 11-7
SECTION 12 HARBORS 12.1 OVERVIEW ...... 12-1 12.2 SCOPE OF THIS ANALYSIS ...... 12-1 12.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR BOATING FACILITIES ...... 12-1 12.3.1 Analysis of Supply ...... 12-1 12.3.2 Analysis of Demand...... 12-2
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12.3.3 Imbalance Between Supply and Demand ...... 12-2 12.4 EXISTING HARBOR FACILITIES ...... 12-5 12.4.1 Overview of Maui County Facilities ...... 12-5 12.4.2 Anchorages...... 12-7 12.4.3 Abandoned or Temporary-Use Harbor Facilities...... 12-8 12.4.4 Commercial Harbor Facilities ...... 12-8 12.5 2001 BOAT REGISTRATIONS ...... 12-10 12.6 ASSESSMENT OF FUTURE FACILITY NEEDS ...... 12-11 12.6.1 Projected Facilities for Boats Moored on Land...... 12-11 12.6.2 Projected Facility Needs for Boats Moored in Water...... 12-12
SECTION 13 SOLID WASTE 13.1 OVERVIEW ...... 13-1 13.1.1 Integrated Solid Waste Management ...... 13-1 13.2 NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND FACILITY SITING METHODOLOGY ...... 13-3 13.2.1 Waste Stream Assessment ...... 13-3 13.2.2 Landfill Design and Siting Methodology ...... 13-6 13.3 INVENTORY OF EXISTING SOLID WASTE FACILITIES...... 13-9 13.3.1 Landfills...... 13-9 13.3.2 Waste Reduction, Diversion, and Recycling...... 13-12 13.4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ...... 13-16 13.4.1 Assessment of Waste Generation...... 13-16 13.4.2 Assessment of Landfill Capacity...... 13-19 13.5 SOLID WASTE FACILITY ASSESSMENT...... 13-21 13.5.1 Central Maui Landfill Service Area ...... 13-21 13.5.2 Hana Landfill...... 13-22 13.5.3 Naiwa Landfill, Moloka‘i ...... 13-22 13.5.4 Lana‘i Landfill...... 13-22
SECTION 14 PRISONS 14.1 OVERVIEW ...... 14-1 14.2 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY...... 14-1 14.2.1 Inmate Population...... 14-2 14.2.2 Existing Facility Capacity...... 14-2 14.2.3 Future Facility Needs...... 14-4 14.3 INMATE POPULATION PROJECTION...... 14-5 14.4 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING PRISON FACILITIES ...... 14-6 14.5 FUTURE PRISON FACILITY NEEDS ...... 14-10
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1 Population Projection (2000-2030) ...... 2-3
Table 3-1 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Educational Facilities...... 3-4 Table 3-2 DOE Public School Facility Summary by School Level, 2005...... 3-6 Table 3-3 DOE Total Enrollment by Planning Region, 2005 ...... 3-11 Table 3-4 DOE Special Education Enrollment (2001) By Region...... 3-12 Table 3-5 Private School Enrollments by Region, 2005 ...... 3-13 Table 3-6 DOE Public School Enrollment Projections Ranked by Growth, 2005-2011...... 3-14 Table 3-7 Hana Public School Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-15 Table 3-8 Hana Special Education Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-16 Table 3-9 Hana DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011...... 3-16 Table 3-10 Kihei-Makena Public School Enrollment, 2005...... 3-17 Table 3-11 Kihei-Makena Special Education Enrollment, 2005...... 3-17 Table 3-12 Kihei-Makena Private School Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-18 Table 3-13 Kihei-Makena, DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 ...... 3-18 Table 3-14 Lahaina Public School Enrollment, 2005...... 3-19 Table 3-15 Lahaina Special Education Enrollment, 2005...... 3-19 Table 3-16 2005 Private School Enrollment, Lahaina ...... 3-20 Table 3-17 Lahaina DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 ...... 3-20 Table 3-18 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Public School Enrollment, 2005...... 3-21 Table 3-19 2005 Special Education Enrollment, Makawao-Pukalani-Kula...... 3-21 Table 3-20 2005 Private School Enrollment, Makawao-Pukalani-Kula ...... 3-22 Table 3-21 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 ...... 3-23 Table 3-22 Paia-Ha‘iku Public School Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-23 Table 3-23 Paia-Ha‘iku Special Education Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-24 Table 3-24 Paia-Ha‘iku Private School Enrollment, 2005...... 3-24 Table 3-25 Paia-Ha‘iku DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011...... 3-24 Table 3-26 Actual 2005 Enrollment, Wailuku-Kahului ...... 3-25 Table 3-27 Wailuku-Kahului Special Education Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-26 Table 3-28 Wailuku-Kahului Private School Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-26 Table 3-29 Wailuku-Kahului DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 ...... 3-27 Table 3-30 Lana‘i Public School Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-29 Table 3-31 Lana‘i Special Education Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-29 Table 3-32 Lana‘i DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011...... 3-29 Table 3-33 Moloka‘i Public School Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-30 Table 3-34 Moloka‘i Special Education Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-31 Table 3-35 Moloka‘i Private School Enrollment, 2005 ...... 3-31 Table 3-36 Moloka‘i DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 ...... 3-32 Table 3-37 DOE School Site Selection Criteria ...... 3-33
Table 4-1 Library Facilities, County of Maui...... 4-1 Table 4-2 Branch Library Development Criteria...... 4-4 Table 4-3 Library Facility Analysis ...... 4-5 Table 4-4 Summary of Existing Deficiencies ...... 4-5 Table 4-5 Hana Library Facility Requirements...... 4-6 Table 4-6 Kihei-Makena Library Facility Requirements ...... 4-7 Table 4-7 Lahaina Library Facility Requirements ...... 4-8 Table 4-8 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Library Facility Requirements ...... 4-8 Table 4-9 Paia Library Facility Requirements...... 4-9 Table 4-10 Wailuku-Kahului Library Facility Requirements ...... 4-10
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Table 4-11 Lana‘i Library Facility Requirements...... 4-11 Table 4-12 Moloka‘i Library Facility Requirements...... 4-11
Table 5-1 Proposed County of Maui Park Planning Standards ...... 5-2 Table 5-2 Park Facility Planning Standards - Population Per Facility ...... 5-4 Table 5-3 Future Demand Methodology ...... 5-5 Table 5-4 Summary of Existing Park Area (Acres) County of Maui...... 5-6 Table 5-5 Park Type Key ...... 5-6 Table 5-6 Hana Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis ...... 5-8 Table 5-7 Park Facilities Assessment Hana Recommended and Additional Needs ...... 5-8 Table 5-8 Kihei-Makena Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis...... 5-11 Table 5-9 Park Facilities Assessment Kihei-Makena - Recommended and Additional Needs ...... 5-14 Table 5-10 Lahaina Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis ...... 5-18 Table 5-11 Park Facilities Assessment Lahaina - Recommended and Additional Needs...... 5-19 Table 5-12 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis ...... 5-22 Table 5-13 Park Facilities Assessment Makawao-Pukalani-Kula - Recommended and Additional Needs ...... 5-23 Table 5-14 Paia-Haiku Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis ...... 5-25 Table 5-15 Park Facilities Assessment Paia - Haiku - Recommended and Additional Needs...... 5-26 Table 5-16 Wailuku-Kahului Community Plan Region Regional & Sub-Regional Park Analysis ...... 5-29 Table 5-17 Park Facilities Assessment Wailuku-Kahului - Recommended and Additional Needs ...... 5-30 Table 5-18 Lana‘i Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis ...... 5-31 Table 5-19 Park Facilities Assessment Lana‘i - Recommended and Additional Needs...... 5-31 Table 5-20 Moloka‘i Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis...... 5-34 Table 5-21 Park Facilities Assessment Moloka‘i - Recommended and Additional Needs ...... 5-34
Table 6-1 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Police Facilities...... 6-2 Table 6-2 Maui County Law Enforcement Demographics ...... 6-5 Table 6-3 Maui Police Department - Districts, Sectors, and Beats...... 6-7 Table 6-4 Maui Police Department – Facility/Personnel Inventory...... 6-7 Table 6-5 Recorded Traffic Accidents and Index Crimes, 1992-2000County of Maui ...... 6-8 Table 6-6 Number of Officers Needed, Maui County (Actual and Projected) Based on De Facto Population...... 6-9 Table 6-7 Estimate of Officers Required By Community Plan District Based on De Facto Population...... 6-9 Table 6-8 Estimate of Total MPD Employment Required, by Community Plan District Based on De Facto Population...... 6-10
Table 7-1 Fire Protection Facilities, Maui County ...... 7-2 Table 7-2 Assessment Methodology...... 7-5
Table 8-1 Hospitals of Maui County...... 8-3 Table 8-2 Population Cohorts Served by Type of Bed ...... 8-4 Table 8-3 Licensed Hospital Beds of the County of Maui, 2000...... 8-4 Table 8-4 Average Daily Census, 2000 ...... 8-7 Table 8-5 Desirable Hospital Occupancy Rates ...... 8-8 Table 8-6 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Hospital Beds ...... 8-9 Table 8-7 Relevant Maui Populations, Actual to 2000 and Projected to 2030 ...... 8-12 Table 8-8 Maui Demand Generation Rate, 2000 Base Year...... 8-12 Table 8-9 Expected Demand for Hospital Beds on Maui, 2005-2030 ...... 8-13 Table 8-10 Demand for Beds and Expected Deficits Maui Island Hospitals ...... 8-14 Table 8-11 Relevant Lana‘i Population, Actual to 2000 and Projected to 2020 ...... 8-15 Table 8-12 Lana‘i Generation Rate, 2000 Base Year...... 8-15
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Table 8-13 Expected Demand for Hospital Beds on Lana‘i, 2005-2030...... 8-16 Table 8-14 Demand for Beds and Expected Deficits, Lana‘i ...... 8-17 Table 8-15 Relevant Moloka‘i Populations, Actual to 2000 and Projected to 2020...... 8-18 Table 8-16 Moloka‘i Demand Generation Rate, 2000 Base Year...... 8-18 Table 8-17 Expected Demand for Hospital Beds on Moloka‘i, 2005-2030 ...... 8-19 Table 8-18 Demand for Beds, Moloka‘i...... 8-20
Table 9-1 Hospitals with Long Term Care Facilities, Maui County...... 9-2 Table 9-2 Actual 2000 and Projected Elderly Population for 2005-2030, Maui County ...... 9-4 Table 9-3 Long Term Care: Average Daily Census by Type of Bed and Facility, 2030 ...... 9-5 Table 9-4 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Long Term Care Beds ...... 9-6 Table 9-5 Maui Demand Generation Rate, 2000 Base Year...... 9-7 Table 9-6 Total Demand for Long Term Care Beds, Maui (ADC = Average Daily Census)...... 9-8 Table 9-7 New Long Term Care Beds Projected Over Currently Licensed Levels, Maui, 2005-2030 .....9-8 Table 9-8 Distribution of Future Demand for Long Term Beds...... 9-8 Table 9-9 Lana‘i Long Term Care Generation Rate, 2000 Base Year ...... 9-9 Table 9-10 Total Demand for Long Term Care Beds, Lana‘i...... 9-9 Table 9-11 Long Term Care Bed Needs - Moloka‘i (2005) ...... 9-10
Table 10-1 Methodology for Forecasting Demand for Ambulances in Maui County, 2000-2030...... 10-2 Table 10-2 Existing Emergency Medical (Ambulance) Services Maui County...... 10-4 Table 10-3 Priority Scores for Maui County Areas from State Emergency Services System (2001).....10-6 Table 10-4 Distribution of Resident, Visitor and De Facto (Resident + Visitor) Populations Maui Island, 2005 ...... 10-7 Table 10-5 De Facto Population, Regions of Maui County, 1990-2030 ...... 10-7 Table 10-6 Generation Rates (Ambulances per Capita), 2000...... 10-8 Table 10-7 Ambulance Projections, 2005-2030...... 10-8
Table 11-1 Airport Facilities ...... 11-2 Table 11-2 Airport Features ...... 11-2 Table 11-3 Passenger Forecasts (by County and Airport)1998-2025 ...... 11-5 Table 11-4 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Kahului Airport1998-2025 ...... 11-6 Table 11-5 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Kapalua Airport1998-2025 ...... 11-8 Table 11-6 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Hana Airport1998-2025...... 11-9 Table 11-7 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Lana‘i Airport1998-2025...... 11-10 Table 11-8 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Moloka‘i Airport1998-2025 ...... 11-11 Table 11-9 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Kalaupapa Airport1998-2025 ...... 11-12
Table 12-1 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Harbor Facilities ...... 12-4 Table 12-2 Overview of Harbor Facilities, Maui County (2001)...... 12-5 Table 12-3 Abandoned or Temporary Use Harbor Facilities, Maui County...... 12-8 Table 12-4 Existing Commercial Harbor Facilities, Maui County (2006) ...... 12-8 Table 12-5 Overview of Boat Registrations, Maui County ...... 12-11 Table 12-6 Projected Increases in Undocumented Vessels Moored on Land, 2005-2020 ...... 12-11 Table 12-7 Future Demand for Ramp Facilities, 2005-2020...... 12-12 Table 12-8 Projected Demand for Water Mooring Facilities, 2005-2020...... 12-13
Table 13-1 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Solid Waste Facilities ...... 13-4 Table 13-2 The Three Phase Siting Process...... 13-8 Table 13-3 Inventory of Landfills...... 13-10 Table 13-4 Central Maui Landfill - Development Phases ...... 13-10 Table 13-5 Diverted Waste, Central Maui Landfill ...... 13-13 Table 13-6 Recycling Drop-Box Locations...... 13-14
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Table 13-7 Maui County Projected Waste Generation (tons)...... 13-17 Table 13-8 Maui County Annual Cumulative Waste Generation (2000-2030...... 13-18 Table 13-9 Projected Waste Volume (cubic yards) by Island and Community District...... 13-19 Table 13-10 Cumulative Waste Volume by Landfill Service Areas, Years 2000-2030...... 13-20 Table 13-11 Maui County Existing and Planned Landfill Capacity ...... 13-21
Table 14-1 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Prison Facilities ...... 14-3 Table 14-2 ACA Living Space Standards for Medium and Maximum Security Inmates...... 14-4 Table 14-3 Maui Community Correctional Center Inmate Population Projection Years 2000 to 2030 ...... 14-6 Table 14-4 Existing Prison Facilities, Maui County...... 14-7 Table 14-5 Maui Community Correctional Center Infrastructure and Housing Capacity...... 14-8 Table 14-6 Estimate of Current Living Space and Day Room Needs ...... 14-10 Table 14-7 Estimate of Future Living Space and Day Room Needs ...... 14-11
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3-1 Lana‘i and Moloka‘i Schools ...... 3-7 Figure 3-2 Maui Elementary Schools ...... 3-8 Figure 3-3 Maui Intermediate Schools ...... 3-9 Figure 3-4 Maui High Schools ...... 3-10
Figure 4-1 Existing Public Library Facilities...... 4-3
Figure 5-1 Hana Parks ...... 5-9 Figure 5-2 Kihei-Makena Parks I...... 5-12 Figure 5-3 Kihei-Makena Parks II...... 5-13 Figure 5-4 Lahaina I Parks ...... 5-16 Figure 5-5 Lahaina II Parks ...... 5-17 Figure 5-6 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Parks -I...... 5-20 Figure 5-7 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula -II ...... 5-21 Figure 5-8 Paia-Ha‘iku Parks ...... 5-24 Figure 5-9 Wailuku-Kahului Parks...... 5-27 Figure 5-10 Lana‘i Parks ...... 5-32 Figure 5-11 Moloka‘i Parks...... 5-35
Figure 6-1 Police Facility Locations...... 6-6
Figure 7-1 Existing Fire Station - Maui County...... 7-3 Figure 7-2 Fire Facilities - Maui Island ...... 7-10
Figure 8-1 Hospitals Facilities ...... 8-5
Figure 9-1 Elderly Care ...... 9-3
Figure 10-1 Emergency Services - Maui County...... 10-5
Figure 11-1 Airports...... 11-3
Figure 12-1 Harbors Facilities Location Map...... 12-3
Figure 13-1 Solid Waste Facility Location Map...... 13-11
Figure 14-1 Prison Facility Location Map ...... 14-9
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SECTION 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 PURPOSE The objective of this study is to identify public facilities and service needs for Community Plan Regions of Maui County to 2030, and establish time frames for meeting those needs.
1.2 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
Scope. A total of 12 public facilities and services are addressed in this study: educational facilities, library facilities, recreation, police, fire control, hospitals, long term care, emergency medical services, airports, harbors, solid waste facilities, and prisons. The planning regions included: Hana, Kihei-Makena, Lahaina, Lana‘i, Makawao-Pukalani-Kula, Moloka‘i, Paia-Ha‘iku, and Wailuku-Kahului.
Methodology. The study encompasses four major areas of evaluation:
1. Inventorying the supply of existing facilities; 2. Identifying assessment methodology for evaluation and forecasting, and selection of standards; 3. Analyzing existing facility demand; and 4. Forecasting future supply and demand and any identifying any deficits. Where population is used as the basis for projecting future needs, the study utilizes a population forecast provided by the County of Maui. The forecast includes actual U.S. Census data for 2000, and projections for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2030, 2025, and 2030.
Use of Symbols in the Executive Summary. Three symbols indicate whether or not a public facility is expected to meet demand to 2030.
Indicates the public facility is projected to meet population demand until 2030.
Indicates the public facility will not meet projected demand some time between 2005 and 2030
Indicates the public facility will not meet projected demand at any time between 2005-2030
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1.3 MULTI-REGION PUBLIC FACILITIES
Five types of public facilities – hospitals, long term care, airports, harbors, solid waste and prisons – have service areas that span more than one region. They may cover multiple planning areas on one island, such as regional airports; an entire island, such as a commercial harbors, hub airports, hospitals; or all of Maui County, such as prisons and solid waste facilities. The remaining 8 public facilities, which are better analyzed for each Community Plan Region, are presented in Sections 1.4 (Maui), 1.5 (Lana‘i), and 1.6 (Moloka‘i).
Hospitals and Elderly Care Facilities (Section 8 and 9)
Maui Moloka‘i Lana‘i
Maui County currently has five hospitals and long term care facilities, which provided a total of 757 State-licensed beds in 2004. These facilities include Maui Memorial Hospital (251 beds); Kula Hospital (115 beds); Hale Makua nursing facility (362 beds); Moloka‘i General Hospital (15 beds); and Lana‘i Community Hospital (14 beds). Each of these facilities draws patients from an island-wide service area. The analysis of future hospital facilities on Maui County projects the need for 24 additional acute care beds at Maui Memorial Medical Center by 2030. In addition, a need for 792 more long term care beds is estimated on Maui beginning in 2005, increasing to a deficit of 821 long term care beds by 2030. Licensed acute and long term care beds for Moloka‘i or Lana‘i are projected to be sufficient to 2030.
Airports (Section 11)
Maui Moloka‘i Lana‘i
Six airports currently serve Maui County: Kahului Airport, a medium hub airport serving interisland, Mainland and international charter flights; three small commercial transport airports, including Hana Airport, Kapalua Airport, Lana‘i Airport, and Moloka‘i Airport; and one small general utility commercial facility, Kalaupapa Airport. There are no new airports planned at this time, based on projections of the State Department of Transportation, Airports Division. The limiting factors for all Maui County airports except Kahului include runway length, topography, and availability of land. The State of Hawai‘i will continue to improve airport terminals and ground support facilities and conduct repair and maintenance activities.
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Non-Commercial Harbors (Section 12)
Moorings
Maui Moloka‘i Lana‘i
Boat Ramps
Maui Moloka‘i Lana‘i
Non-commercial harbors of Maui County, under the jurisdiction of the State Department of Land and Natural Resources, provide two types of facilities for boat owners: ramps and moorings. Current facilities on Lana‘i include 28 moorings and one boat ramp. Maui has 201 moorings and 11 ramps; and Moloka‘i has 32 moorings and two ramps. Additional non-commercial harbor assets are undeveloped areas used for temporary anchorage but not developed for permanent moorings. These areas total 689 acres.
In 2001, there were 1,777 registered boats in Maui County, with about 17% moored in the water and the rest “moored on land.” There is a 0.4 ramp deficit on Lana‘i and 0.3 on Moloka‘i. However, with a 20% improvement in the rate of ramps per boat on Maui, the demand is expected to rise to 16 ramps from the current 11 by the year 2030. The forecast demand for additional moorings was 9 on Lana‘i, 356 on Maui, and 10 on Moloka‘i.
Three commercial harbors serve the islands of Maui County: Kaumalapau Harbor on Lana‘i (400 linear feet of pier space); Kahului Harbor on Maui (3,019 linear feet); and Kaunakakai Harbor on Moloka‘i (691 linear feet). Planning for future development of the commercial harbors of Maui County is performed by the State of Hawai‘i, Department of Transportation, Harbors Division.
Solid Waste (Section 13)
Maui Moloka‘i Lana‘i
The island-wide waste handling facilities currently have enough capacity to accommodate the projected waste stream.
Prisons (Section 14)
The Maui Community Correctional Center (MCCC) is the only correctional facility in Maui County, and as such, it serves all the incarceration needs for the islands of Maui, Moloka‘i, and Lana‘i. The MCCC has a design capacity of 301 inmates. It currently houses between 375 and 400 inmates on any given day. By the year 2030, Maui County’s prison population is projected to reach approximately 535 inmates. To address current overcrowding and meet future year 2030 prison needs in Maui County, a new prison facility with a minimum housing capacity of 535 inmates is required. 1-3
1.4 MAUI ISLAND ANALYSIS 1.4.1 Hana Community Plan Region Educational Facilities (Section 3)
High School Intermediate Elementary
The Hana area has two schools: Hana High/Elementary, with an enrollment of 356, and Keanae Elementary with an enrollment of 3. Approximately 22%, or 1 in 5 students is enrolled in special education, which is the highest percentage among Maui County’s Community Plan Regions. No private schools are located in Hana.
Library Facilities (Section 4)
Hana is currently served by Hana Pubic Library, which is integrated within Hana High and Elementary School. The library has 6,309 gross square feet (gsf), which is projected to be adequate throughout the planning period to 2030.
Recreation (Section 5)
The Hana area has 13 County parks or public athletic facilities totaling 28.7 acres. The current acreage is forecast to accommodate population growth to 2030. Additional park facilities needed by 2030 include 1 sport court.
Police Service (Section 6)
Hana District has a projected need for 6 patrol officers by the year 2030, up from the current assessed need of 4 officers. Given the current staffing of 12 officers, police service in Hana district is determined to be adequate through the study horizon of 2030. Expansion of existing services within the study period is not required.
Fire Control (Section 7)
Hana is currently served by one fire station. The Maui Department of Fire Control proposes an additional station closer to Ha‘iku to serve future population and commercial growth.
Emergency Medical Services (Section 10)
Demand for ambulances to serve Hana cannot be justified on the basis of population. However, due to the distances that must be traveled through remote areas, Hana currently has two ambulances. This is expected to be adequate throughout the planning period to 2030.
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Solid Waste (Section 13)
The Hana Landfill has an estimated capacity of 217 thousand cubic yards dedicated to waste burial. Approximately 77.5 thousand cumulative tons of waste requiring 195 thousand cubic yards of burial space will be disposed of at the Hana landfill between the years 2000 and 2030. At the future (year 2030) annual waste generation rate of 3,437 tons, the remaining 110 thousand cubic yards of burial space will extend landfill operations into the 2030's.
1.4.2 Kihei-Makena Community Plan Region
Educational Facilities (Section 3)
High School Intermediate Elementary
Kihei-Makena has three schools serving 2,275 students, including 2 elementary schools and one intermediate school. Approximately 9% of these students are enrolled in special education, the lowest proportion of any Community Planning Region. There is one private elementary school enrolling 64 children. The need for an additional intermediate school is already evident, since Lokelani Intermediate was at 118% of rated capacity in 2005. This region is projected to need a high school in the near future.
Library Facilities (Section 4)
The single public library serving this area is located in central Kihei. The Makena area technically falls outside the Kihei Public Library service area.
Recreation (Section 5)
In 2000, The Kihei-Makena area had 20 County parks or public athletic facilities totaling 114.2 acres. Using park planning standards, the need for an additional 604.9 acres of park space is forecast due to expected population growth to 2030. During this time the existing community recreational facilities will need to be supplemented by an additional 37 tennis courts, 11 tot lots, 30 sport fields, 5 community centers, 3 gyms, and 53 sports courts.
Police Service (Section 6)
By the year 2030, a staff of 140 officers will be required to adequately service the Kihei Police District. To accommodate personnel and operational requirements and improve the time and effectiveness of service call responses, development of a new, permanent police station in central Kihei will be required. Currently, the Kihei Substation is housed in leased facilities. The MPD is currently searching for a site for a permanent Kihei District Station.
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Fire Control (Section 7)
This area is covered primarily by the Kihei and Wailea Stations, although the service area of the Kahului Station extends into Maalaea. The Department of Fire Control proposes an additional fire station at Maalaea to cover residential and resort concerns regarding fire protection. Plans also identify the need for a ladder company in this region to provide fire protection for high-rise resorts and apartments.
Emergency Medical Services (Section 10)
The area is currently served by two ambulances with expected population growth will grow to 3 by 2030. 1.4.3 Lahaina Community Plan Region
Educational Facilities (Section 3)
High School Intermediate Elementary
Lahaina currently has three schools: Lahainaluna High School with an enrollment of 1,033, Princess Nahienaena Elementary with 649, and Lahaina Intermediate with 578. About 12% of these students are enrolled in special education. One private school enrolls 210 students in grades K-8. Lahaina’s elementary schools are projected to have adequate classrooms through 2030. At 101% of rated capacity in 2005, Lahaina Intermediate School is already overcrowded. Lahainaluna High School is currently at 107% of its rated capacity.
Library Facilities (Section 4)
One public library serves all of West Maui from Olowalu to Honokowai. At 4,908 gsf, this facility is below the standard branch library size of 8,300 gsf. According to this standard, the current facility is also projected to be undersized by 9,300-10,000 feet, or more than the equivalent of a new branch library. The Hawai‘i State Public Library System has expressed the intention to build a new library to serve the Lahaina region, located to better serve neighboring Kaanapali.
Recreation (Section 5)
The Lahaina area currently has 21 County parks on a total of 124.8 acres. Estimates for park space requirements by 2030 indicate the need for 497.0 additional acres. New park facilities cannot be located at existing beach parks because of the rising numbers of visitors actively using those areas. Given expected population growth, the Lahaina community will need an additional 32 tennis courts, 8 tot lots, 21 sports fields, 46 sports courts, 1 gym, and 4 community
1-6 centers. There is still available land in the area that would be more than adequate to meet this community’s park needs.
Police Service (Section 6)
By the year 2030, a staff of 121 officers will be required to adequately service the Lahaina Police District. To accommodate future personnel and operational requirements and improve the time and effectiveness of service call responses, expansion of the existing Lahaina Station will be required.
Fire Control (Section 7)
The Lahaina and Napili fire stations serve this district. There are no plans for additional stations at this time.
Emergency Medical Services (Section 10)
This region is currently served by two ambulance vehicles, one in Lahaina and one in Napili. The level of two ambulances is projected to be adequate until 2015, when an additional ambulance should be under consideration. 1.4.4 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Community Plan Region
Educational Facilities (Section 3)
High School Intermediate Elementary
The Makawao-Pukalani-Kula region has three public elementary schools and one high school, with total 2005 enrollment of 3,698. About 21% of the students are enrolled in special education. This area has Maui’s largest concentration of students in private schools – 1,969 – or about 1/3 as many as attend public school. Projections of school-aged children indicate a sufficient number of elementary school classrooms to 2011.
Library Facilities (Section 4)
The Makawao Public Library serves this entire planning area plus the eastern portion of Paia- Ha‘iku. The Hawai‘i State Public Library System has proposed a new branch library to cover the southern portion of the Pukalani area. Makawao’s current library has a space deficit of 11, 512 gsf, significantly exceeding the benchmark of 8,300 gsf to justify a new branch library. The Hawai‘i State Public Library System proposes construction of a new 12,000 gsf facility or replacement of the existing library with a 17,000 gsf facility.
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Recreation (Section 5)
This community currently has 17 County parks on 118.3 acres. Using park planning standards, the area will require 190.7 additional acres of park space to accommodate expected residential population growth to 2030. Facilities needs at 2030 include 14 tennis courts, 3 tot lots, and 22 sport courts.
Police Service (Section 6)
The Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Community Plan Region (CPR) falls within the Maui Police Department’s District I - Wailuku (Central), which also includes the CPRs of Paia-Ha‘iku and Wailuku-Kahului. By 2030, police service needs in the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula CPR will increase by approximately 30% from the current allocation of 43 officers to 60.
Fire Control (Section 7)
Two fire stations serve this CPR, Makawao Station and Kula Station. The DFC recommends an additional fire station to serve this area, located in Ha‘iku. This station would cover eastern Ha‘iku and portions of southern Haleakala.
Emergency Medical Services (Section 10)
The Makawao-Pukalani-Kula area is combined with the Paia-Ha‘iku region for ambulance services. This district is currently served by one 12-hour ambulance. Converting this to a 24- hour ambulance facility is a high priority for the State Emergency Medical Services System. One full-time ambulance and crew is projected to be adequate to 2030. 1.4.5 Paia-Ha‘iku Community Plan Region
Educational Facilities (Section 3)
High School Intermediate Elementary
Paia-Ha‘iku has 2 elementary schools with a combined 2005 enrollment of 616. About 7% of those students are enrolled in special education. About 126 children attend the area’s only private school.
Library Facilities (Section 4)
Paia-Ha‘iku is served by the Kahului Public Library and the Makawao Public Library. From Paia (at the intersection of Hana Highway and Baldwin Avenue), Kahului Library is approximately 10 miles distant, and Makawao Library is approximately 7 miles distant. Growth projections to 2030
1-8 appear to justify the need for a new public library based on the forecast deficit of between 9,236 and 9,659 gsf.
Recreation (Section 5)
The County park system in the Paia-Ha‘iku area consists of 10 parks on 109.7 acres. These facilities include 2 community centers and 1 gym. The future needs for park space are estimated at 29.5 acres to accommodate recreational needs of the 2030 population. In addition, future needs were identified for an additional 9 tennis courts, 1 sport field, and 9 sports courts. It will be difficult to locate these new facilities at existing beach parks because of their limited size.
Police Service (Section 6)
The Paia-Ha‘iku CPR falls within the MPD’s District I - Wailuku (Central), which also includes the CPRs of Makawao-Pukalani-Kula and Wailuku-Kahului. By 2030, police service needs in the Paia-Ha‘iku CPR will increase by approximately 35% from the current allocation of 24 officers to 27.
Fire Control (Section 7)
Paia Station covers this area. A new fire station is planned by the Department of Fire Control (DFC) for Ha‘iku.
Emergency Medical Services (Section 10)
The Paia-Ha‘iku area is combined with the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula region for ambulance services. This district is currently served by one 12-hour ambulance. Converting this to a 24- hour ambulance facility is a high priority for the State Emergency Medical Services System. One full-time ambulance and crew is projected to be adequate to 2030. 1.4.6 Wailuku-Kahului Community Plan Region
Educational Facilities (Section 3)
High School Intermediate Elementary
The Wailuku-Kahului area has 5 elementary schools, 2 intermediate schools, and 2 high schools. Enrollment in 2005 stood at 8,900. About 11% of the students are enrolled in special education. About 910 students attend private schools, or about 10% of public school enrollment. Projections indicate the need for at least one additional elementary school beginning in 2005, and another by 2011. Maui Lani Elementary School is expected to open in 2007 with 267 students and grow to 406 by 2007. By 2011, only two of the 9 schools in the district will be under capacity.
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Library Facilities (Section 4)
Two public libraries serve this region: Wailuku Public Library and Kahului Public Library. The Hawai‘i State Public Library System recommends development of a new 18,000 gsf facility in the future. This facility might fulfill the HSPLS goal of having a resource library on every major island.
Recreation (Section 5)
The Wailuku-Kahului region currently has 35 County parks totaling 185.6 acres. Forecasts of defacto population growth to 2030 indicate the need for 541.1 additional acres of park space to serve recreational needs of residents. Many existing parks have unusable areas that will need improvement. Actual siting of new parks will also be challenging because of the built-up nature of the area. This may necessitate location of mini parks and neighborhood parks in future new developments, or integration of new facilities into larger existing district or regional parks. The Wailuku-Kahului community is also estimated to require an additional 34 tennis courts, 2 tot lots, 3 community centers, 1 gym, and 38 sports courts by 2030.
Police Service (Section 6)
The Wailuku-Kahului CPR falls within the MPD’s District I - Wailuku (Central), which also includes the CPRs of Makawao-Pukalani-Kula and Paia-Ha‘iku. By 2030, police service needs in the Wailuku-Kahului CPR will increase by approximately 51% from the current allocation of 94 officers.
Fire Control (Section 7)
As Maui’s residential and business center, Wailuku-Kahului is served by fire stations in Wailuku, Kahului, and Paia. Although the Maui DFC recommends only a new station at Waihe‘e, the analysis of fire protection geographic in this area coverage indicates the need for a new fire station at Ma‘alaea as well.
Emergency Medical Services (Section 10)
This area is served by 2 ambulances. A third ambulance is not used for emergencies and is not part of the State Emergency Medical Services System. Due to expected population growth, a third ambulance for emergency purposes should be under serious consideration by 2030.
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1.5 LANA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION
Educational Facilities (Section 3)
High School Intermediate Elementary
The Island of Lana‘i is served by one public school, Lana‘i High/Elementary School, with an enrollment of 616 students. About 18% of these students are enrolled in special education, which is the third-highest proportion in Maui County, after Hana and Moloka‘i.
Library Facilities (Section 4)
This island is served by one public library, which is expected to provide adequate space to 2030. It is proposed for renovation.
Recreation (Section 5)
The Island of Lana‘i is currently served by 6 County parks on 15.4 acres. Most of the current facilities are neighborhood parks. Given projected resident population growth to 2030, Lana‘i will need an additional 49.7 acres of park land, but facilities provided in existing parks are expected to be adequate for the entire period, except for the need for 3 sport courts.
Police (Section 6)
Lana‘i District has a projected need for 13 officers by the year 2030, down from the current assessed need of 9 officers. Expansion of existing service within the study period is not required. However, the existing Lana‘i Police Station will require significant renovation or replacement to correct existing deficiencies and meet the future operational needs of the Lana‘i Police District.
Fire Control (Section 7)
Lana‘i City Station covers this island. There are no plans for another fire station on the island at this time.
Emergency Medical Services (Section 10)
The physical isolation of Lana‘i and limited emergency medical care requires a 24-hour ambulance facility. Based on small population increases expected, the current 2 ambulances serving Lana‘i are expected to be sufficient throughout the planning period to 2030.
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Solid Waste (Section 13)
The Lana‘i Landfill serves the entire island of Lana‘i. Current capacity is estimated at 590 cubic yards of landfill space. Between year 2000 and 2030, the landfill is expected to receive approximately 295 thousand cubic yards of waste. The remaining 295 cubic yards of space will extend the life of the landfill into the 2040s.
1.6 MOLOKA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION
Educational Facilities (Section 3)
High School Intermediate Elementary
Moloka‘i currently has 6 public schools: 5 elementary, 1 intermediate, and 1 high school, with combined enrollment of 1,325. About 14% of the students are enrolled in special education. This is the second-highest proportion in Maui County, behind Hana at 22%. Moloka‘i has 2 private schools with combined enrollment of 67. Projections of future elementary school-aged children indicate a surplus of classrooms throughout the planning period. The projected population of intermediate- and high school-aged children is significantly higher than current or projected DOE enrollment and will have to be examined further.
Library Facilities (Section 4)
Moloka‘i Public Library serves this island. Projections indicate that Moloka‘i has a space deficit of between 2,428 and 3,962 gsf. The Hawai‘i State Public Library System is proposing a 5,700 gsf replacement library for Kaunakakai covering the islandwide service area.
Recreation (Section 5)
Moloka‘i currently has 9 County facilities, including the Cooke Memorial Pool, on a total of 72.9 acres. Using park planning standards, the island will need 19.2 additional acres of park space to accommodate recreational needs of the expected 2030 resident population. Three additional sport courts are needed in the community.
Police Service (Section 6)
Moloka‘i District has a projected need for 13 officers by the year 2030, down from the current assessed need of 9 officers. Expansion of existing services within the study period is not required.
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Fire Control (Section 7)
Moloka‘i is currently served by 3 fire stations. There are no new fire stations planned, but upgrading of the existing fire station at Puko’o is recommended.
Emergency Medical Services (Section 10)
The physical isolation of Moloka‘i and limited emergency care necessitates a 24-hour ambulance facility. Ambulance requirements are expected to change very gradually over the next 20 years, so the current 2 ambulances are forecast to be adequate. However, the State Emergency Medical Services System is considering a third ambulance to serve West Moloka‘i, based on the excessive 50-55 minute response time from existing ambulance facilities.
Solid Waste (Section 13)
The island of Moloka‘i is served by Naiwa Landfill. The landfill has a current estimated capacity of 470 thousand cubic yards. The island’s projected solid waste production will exhaust existing landfill space by the year 2019. A 10-acre parcel adjacent to the Naiwa site has been identified by the County for future landfill expansion. The expansion would provide an additional 25 to 30 years of waste disposal service.
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SECTION 2 METHODOLOGY
2.1 STUDY OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify public facility and service needs in each of Maui County’s eight populated Community Plan Regions. Needs are assessed based on County of Maui’s population projections to the year 2030 prepared by the Maui County Planning Department (July 2006). The public facilities and services addressed in this study include: education, recreation, libraries, harbors, police, fire, hospitals, elderly care, prisons, airports, solid waste, and emergency services. This inventory and assessment of public facilities was developed under the following assumptions and limitations:
• No evaluation was made with regard to the quality of any service provided. The evaluation was limited to physical aspects of facilities. Further, no assumptions were made regarding service providers’ administrative services, general operations, or maintenance. • The data contained in this study were limited to information provided by the various agencies and organizations responsible for the facilities or services. • Limited interviews were conducted to verify and update information from those collected in 2002. • Where definitive local development criteria or standards were not available, the study incorporated standards and guidelines from the State, other counties, as well as national standards and guidelines. 2.2 SCOPE OF WORK
2.2.1 Work Program The work program was divided into five work elements that together achieve the objective of this study. Each work element included specific tasks to be undertaken and completed, associated work products and a time period for completion. The work elements included: 1) project coordination and project management; 2) updating inventory of existing resources; 3) determination of future requirements based on population projections; and 4) recommendations to meet facilities requirements. 2.2.2 Study Methodology Data Collection. The study included an update of existing facilities in terms of location, land area, number, number of personnel, service area, etc., from existing published sources and from interviews conducted. The locations of the existing facilities were located on maps provided by the Planning Department. The inventory was followed by an assessment of the existing capacity or capability of each service. As available, current plans for expansion or redevelopment were documented.
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Determination of Future Requirements. The study combined future development scenarios and population projections to determine future requirements. Target years (in five year increments 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030) provided the framework for future facilities requirements. Criteria for the provision of services were developed using established State, County, and/or national standards. Where necessary and appropriate, these standards were modified to reflect local conditions. Examples of standards used include:
• Education - schools and classrooms per population cohort and service area • Libraries - distance to branch facility • Recreation - number of acres per capita and types of facilities per area • Police - number of officers per capita • Fire services - response time and service area • Hospitals - number of beds per population cohort • Long Term Care - number of long term care beds per population age 65+ • Emergency medical services - ambulances per capita and service area • Airports - number of passenger arrival/departures and aircraft operations • Harbors - mooring or ramp facilities available to registered boat owners • Solid waste - number of pounds of waste generated per capita per day • Prisons - number of beds
Final Report and Maps. The final task of this assignment was the preparation of a narrative of findings and recommendations and plotting the existing and in some instances proposed facilities on the community plan maps. 2.2.3 Population Projections Population projections for Maui County to the year 2030 were forecast by the Maui County Planning Department (July 2006). The population data were developed in increments of 5 years starting with 2000. The projections show both the resident population and the defacto population for each island and Community Plan Region. Table 2-1 shows the actual 2000 population the 2005 to 2030 population forecast of Maui County. Note: Population shown in the report does not conform due to rounding.
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Table 2-1 Population Projections (2000 - 2030) 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Resident Population by Region Lahaina (R-1) 17,967 19,852 21,577 23,286 25,096 26,979 28,903 Kihei-Makena (R-1) 22,870 25,609 28,114 30,597 33,227 35,962 38,757 Wailuku-Kahului (R-1) 41,503 46,626 51,312 55,957 60,877 65,995 71,223 Makawao-Pukalani (R-1) 21,571 23,176 24,644 26,098 27,640 29,243 30,880 Paia-Ha‘iku (R-1) 11,866 12,210 12,525 12,837 13,168 13,512 13,863 Hana (R-1) 1,867 1,998 2,118 2,236 2,362 2,493 2,626 Total Maui Island 117,644 129,471 140,290 151,011 162,370 174,184 186,252 Moloka‘i (I-1) 7,404 7,127 7,276 7,542 7,772 8,068 8,395 Lana‘i (I-1) 3,193 3,452 3,735 4,046 4,308 4,598 4,901 Total Maui County 128,241 140,050 151,301 162,599 174,450 186,850 199,548
Average Visitor Census by Region Lahaina (R-19) 23,118 24,849 26,399 28,364 29,864 31,555 33,281 Kihei-Makena (R-19) 16,247 19,447 21,621 24,805 27,395 30,241 33,151 Wailuku-Kahului (R-19) 1,931 1,080 1,147 1,232 1,296 1,369 1,443 Makawao-Pukalani (R-19) 24 19 19 20 19 19 19 Paia-Ha‘iku (R-19) 29 46 48 50 51 53 54 Hana (R-19) 468 235 240 243 243 244 245 Maui Total 41,817 45,676 49,474 54,714 58,868 63,481 68,193 Lana‘i (I-17) 1,131 1,224 1,325 1,466 1,577 1,700 1,827 Moloka‘i (I-17) 905 909 980 1,082 1,166 1,256 1,349 Total 43,853 47,809 51,779 57,262 61,611 66,437 71,369
Defacto Population by Region Lahaina R-1+R-19) 41,085 44,701 47,976 51,650 54,960 58,534 62,184 Kihei-Makena (R-1+R-19) 39,117 45,056 49,735 55,402 60,622 66,203 71,908 Wailuku-Kahului (R-1+R-19) 43,434 47,706 52,459 57,189 62,173 67,364 72,666 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula (R-1+R-19) 21,595 23,195 24,663 26,118 27,659 29,262 30,899 Paia-Ha‘iku (R-1+R-19) 11,895 12,256 12,573 12,887 13,219 13,565 13,917 Hana (R-1+R-19) 2,335 2,233 2,358 2,479 2,605 2,737 2,871 Maui Island (R-19+R-1) 159,461 175,147 189,764 205,725 221,238 237,665 254,445 Moloka‘i (I-5) 8,131 7,826 7,991 8,283 8,536 8,861 9,219 Lana‘i (I-5) 4,243 4,587 4,963 5,377 5,725 6,110 6,513 Maui County (R-1+R-19+I-5) 171,835 187,560 202,718 219,385 235,499 252,636 270,177 Source: Maui County Planning Department (July 2006)
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The utilization of de facto population versus resident population was determined separately for each facility studied. For example, facilities that mostly serve residents utilized the resident population, such as branch libraries and elderly services. On the other hand, if the facility was used by both residents and visitors, then the de facto population was used to determine future requirements, such as recreation, police, hospital facilities and emergency medical services. The use of either resident population or de facto population is discussed in each section.
2.3 REPORT ORGANIZATION
This narrative of findings and recommendations is organized according to the 12 types of public facilities studied. Each section contains an overview of the existing services, the methodology used to evaluate future needs, projections of future facility needs, and application of those needs to each Community Plan Region.
The study findings are presented in the following sequence:
Section 3 Educational Facilities
Section 4 Library Facilities
Section 5 Recreation
Section 6 Police
Section 7 Fire Control
Section 8 Hospitals
Section 9 Long Term Care
Section 10 Emergency Medical Services
Section 11 Airports
Section 12 Harbors
Section 13 Solid Waste
Section 14 Prisons
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SECTION 3 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
3.1 OVERVIEW
Public schools shape the growth, development and future employment opportunities of Maui County’s youth. Therefore, the adequacy of public school facilities will continue to be a central community concern.
The public school system for kindergarten through high school is the responsibility of the State Department of Education (DOE). The County of Maui is divided into “school complexes” which combine high schools, intermediate schools, and elementary schools. The County also has a number of private and charter schools which is outside the scope of this analysis.
The final products of this analysis are estimates of the future school enrollment in each community plan region of Maui County to 2011. The analysis has been completed in consultation with DOE staff. The study uses DOE standards and enrollment forecasts for 2005- 2011. The analysis does not attempt to address the quality of the education provided or the curriculum.
3.2 KEY PLANNING ASSUMPTIONS
3.2.1 Public School Enrollment Projections
This study utilizes future population cohort “baseline” projections provided by the County of Maui, Planning Department. This forecast assumes, as a starting point, that all children in these age groups attend public school. Students are divided as follows with regard to grade level and age. The “Forecast Age Cohorts” column shows the comparable age groups that were provided in the County of Maui population forecast. The 2005-2011 projections are based on those received by the DOE and the 2012-2030 are based on a combination of resident population, age cohort projections, and development potential in each community plan region.
DOE Grades Approximate Student Age Forecast Age Cohorts
Elementary School K-5 5 – 10 5 - 9
Intermediate School 6 – 8 11 – 13 10 - 14
High School 9 – 12 14 – 17 15 - 18
Source: State Department of Education, 2005
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3.2.2 School Location
This analysis assumes that all future schools within a given planning region will accommodate students within that region. This is in contrast to the current situation where geographic exemptions are made at all grade levels. This latter information was not collected for this study because the number of exemptions varies from year to year and is difficult to forecast.
3.2.3 School Capacity
The County of Maui requested that this analysis be based on benchmarks for school size contained in Hawai‘i State Board of Education Policy #6701 (6000 Series, Office of Business Services, 2002). This policy states that “the department of education shall design school facilities that create smaller communities of learners.” The specific enrollment design guidelines of the Board of Education are:
School Type Grade Level Served Building Design Capacity
Elementary School K – 5/6 550 students
Intermediate 6/7 - 8 600 students
High School 9 - 12 1,000 students
Source: Department of Education, 2002
3.2.4 Classrooms
Another meaningful way of projecting future demand for educational facilities is the estimated number of classrooms that will be needed, as it is not dependent on the size of a particular building. For each planning region, the forecast of future enrollment levels is converted to demand for new classrooms on the elementary, intermediate, and high school levels. Classrooms must be estimated to accommodate both “regular education” classrooms and “special education” classrooms which require different class sizes.
“Regular” Education Classrooms. The number of students to be accommodated in regular classrooms must be reduced by the proportion of the school population estimated to be enrolled in special education. Standard classroom needs are estimated using a ratio of 5 classrooms per 100 regular students: 4 classrooms accommodating 25 students each, plus one “supplemental” classroom. The formula used is as follows: (% regular students, e.g., 84% if 16% of enrollment is in special education), multiplied by (total student enrollment at a particular level, e.g. elementary, divided by 100), multiplied by 5.
To validate the estimate of 25 students per classroom for regular education, telephone interviews were conducted in July 2002 with representatives of State Department of Education, the State Board of Education, and the Hawai‘i State Teachers Association ( the teachers’ labor union). The conclusion was that an overall estimate of 25 students per classroom appears reasonable, given the following information:
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• No written BOE/DOE class size policy. According to the DOE representative (Al Suga, Assistant Superintendent, Office of Business Services), there is no written DOE policy for class size. This was corroborated by the Board of Education representative (Kara Tanimura, Policy Analyst), although she indicated the Board’s Committee on Regular Education is currently “looking at establishing a policy.” • Negotiated Statewide Teacher: Student Ratio. According to the HSTA contact person, (Irene Igawa, Negotiation Specialist), the recently-approved contract between BOE and the Hawai‘i State Teachers Association includes a “statewide class size ratio” of 26.15 students. This is calculated by dividing the total students in regular education by the total regular education teachers statewide. • “Legislated” K-2 Guideline. The legislated (as opposed to mandated by a union contract) guideline for kindergarten to second grade is 1 teacher to 20 students. However, the BOE representative indicates this is “not a guarantee” and classes often exceed this number. The HSTA spokesperson said the 1:20 ratio is often met by providing part-time assistants rather than adding new classrooms. Since class size is often larger than the student-to-teacher ratio would indicate, and staff rather than classrooms are used to adjust the ratio, using a strict 1:20 for K-2 to forecast facility needs would likely inflate the classroom requirements for that age group and was not used for grades K-12. Special Education Classrooms. These facilities are provided by the DOE on a school-by- school basis to incorporate the special needs of various student groups. The assumed average class size for special education is 10 students. This study utilizes DOE’s 2005 special education enrollment to determine a special-to-regular classroom ratio, which is then applied to future populations. The analysis assumes that special education as a percent of total students will remain constant throughout the forecasting period. Demand for special education classrooms is estimated as follows: [students in a school level, e.g., intermediate, multiplied by the percent in special education = number of students in special education] divided by 10 = special education classrooms required. This was corroborated as appropriate by the interviewees above.
Portable (Temporary) Classrooms. Another way of categorizing classrooms is permanent (part of school building structures) vs. portable. This provides a sense of how campus space is allocated and how many students may be required to attend classes in temporary facilities. The analysis considers the relative number of portable classrooms reported in 2005 as a rough indicator of overflow from a permanent school facility. The tolerance of DOE or the communities of Maui County for the use of portable classrooms was not considered. However, the use of portable vs. permanent classroom facilities is noted where it appears particularly significant.
3.2.5 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Educational Facilities
Using the assumptions discussed above, the methodology for estimating future needs for schools and classrooms is outlined in Table 3-1.
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Table 3-1 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Educational Facilities # Step Analysis Data Source 1 Obtain facility information from Given. State Department of Education, DOE to update Table Division of Administrative 3-2. Services, Facilities and Support Section. 2 Obtain latest enrollment Given. State Department of Education, information from DOE to update Division of Administrative Table 3-3. Services, Facilities and Support Section. 3 Obtain latest annual enrollment Enrollment forecast: Given. State Department of Education, forecast from DOE for Maui Data comes with schools in alphabetical order by name. Sort Office of Information Technology County. Maui County schools into planning regions and by levels Services, Information Resource (elementary, intermediate or high school). Management Branch, Statistical Research and Analysis Section. 4 Calculate the proportion of Derived. special education students to FOR EACH PLANNING REGION: total students, by school, level a. Use the DOE enrollment information (obtained in step 2) to (e.g., elementary), and planning aggregate (add up) special education students by school. Data region. Result is Table 3-4. will be provided by grade levels. Use grades K-5 to represent school. b. Aggregate special education students by level (e.g., all elementary schools). c. Calculate the total special education students from all schools on that level within the planning region. d. Calculate the percentage of special education students to total enrollment for each school and level (elementary, intermediate or high school). 5 Obtain information about latest Given. Hawai‘i Association of private school enrollment by Independent Schools; interviews grade. Result is Table 3-5. with school personnel if not member of HAIS. 6 Obtain the most recent 7-year Forecast by year: given. State Department of Education, forecast of students by school. FOR EACH SCHOOL: Office of Information Technology Rank the schools by rate of Ranking of all schools by growth: derived as follows. With “a” Services, Information Resource growth (positive or negative). as the most recent actual enrollment and “b” as the expected Management Branch, Statistical Result is Table ending enrollment of a school: Research and Analysis Section. 3-6. a. Calculate change over time. Use formula: b-a b. Calculate the percent change in enrollment over time. Use formula: (b-a)/a c. Sort the results of step 6b in descending order of growth (highest growth to lowest growth). Obtain forecast of resident Given County of Maui, Department of 7 population by planning region Planning 2030 Socio Economic and by age and sex cohort. Forecast Determine if low, baseline, or high forecast is to be used.
8 Using the 2030 Socio Economic Evaluation of population trends and age cohorts by community County of Maui, Department of Forecast by community plan plan area. Planning 2030 Socio Economic area, evaluate potential resident Forecast population and age cohort trends on school capacity
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3.3 INVENTORY OF EXISTING SCHOOLS
3.3.1 School Locations
The locations of existing public schools in Maui County are shown in:
• Figure 3-1 - Moloka‘i and Lana‘i • Figure 3-2 - Elementary Schools • Figure 3-3 - Intermediate Schools • Figure 3-4 - High Schools 3.3.2 School Facility Summary, 2005
Table 3-2 shows statistical information regarding each of the existing public schools on Maui. This information includes each school’s rated capacity for the 2005 school year (the number of students that a school can accommodate), student enrollment, and number of classrooms. Two ratios are presented: percent of actual enrollment to rated capacity and percent of portable to total classrooms.
3.3.3 Public School Enrollment by Planning Regions, 2005
Table 3-3 shows the DOE’s 2005 statistics on public school enrollments in each planning region.
3.3.4 Special Education Enrollment by Planning Regions, 2005
Special Education has an impact on school facilities because of the smaller class sizes (10 maximum instead of 20-25 maximum). Table 3-4 shows the proportion of special education students to total enrollment by school and planning region. The statistics show the highest percentages of special education students in Hana, Moloka‘i and Lana‘i, at 18-22%. Other planning regions vary between 9-15% of students in special education classes.
3.3.5 Private and Charter School Enrollment by Planning Regions, 2005
Approximately 3,290 Maui County students attended private schools in 2005, or about 16% of the actual public school enrollment of 20,739. See Table 3-5. The private schools are predominantly in the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula and Wailuku-Kahului planning regions, with smaller concentrations elsewhere. Based on available information, the regions of Hana and Lana‘i have no private schools. Elementary students (grades kindergarten through 5th) account for a third of the private school enrollment. There are five private high schools that are located in Maui County: Seabury Hall in the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula planning region, as well as Kamehameha Schools Maui which has a combined elementary and high school enrollment of 969; and St. Anthony Jr.-Sr. High School and Kaahumanu Hou in the Wailuku-Kahului area. Maui Preparatory Academy, located in Lahaina, recently opened with Pre –Kindergarten through 9th grades in the Fall of 2006. High school facilities will continue to be developed, with the Class of 2010 being the first to graduate.
There are two charter schools in Maui – Kualapuu Elementary NCPCCS #411 and Kihei PCS #554. The enrollment for these schools is shown in Table 3-5.
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Table 3-2 DOE Public School Facility Summary by School Level, 2005 Ratio of Enroll- Regular Rated 2005 ments to Class- Portable Proportion of High Schools Planning Region TMK # Capacity Enrollment Capacity rooms Classrooms Portables Lahainaluna Lahaina 4-6-18-07 969 1033 107% 36 16 44%
Baldwin Wailuku-Kahului 3-8-07-04 1542 1574 102% 61 24 39%
Maui Wailuku-Kahului 3-8-07-98 1563 1709 109% 57 31 54%
King Kekaulike Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 2-3-7:32 1339 1388 104% 63 9 14% 5-2-7:1; 5-2- Moloka‘i High Moloka‘i 756 408 54% 25 10 40% 15:46 Inter. Schools Iao Wailuku-Kahului 3-4-09-03 945 830 88% 39 7 18% Queen Kalama Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 2-4-32-98 1118 945 85% 49 11 22% Lahaina Inter. Lahaina 4-6-18-13 571 578 101% 26 10 38% Lokelani Kihei-Makena 2-2-02-43 646 762 118% 25 14 56% Maui Waena Wailuku-Kahului 3-8-07-02 1008 1017 101% 42 12 29% 5-2-7:1; 5-2- Moloka‘i Inter Moloka‘i 343 181 53% 16 0 0% 15:46 Elem. Schools Hana Elem./ High Hana 1-3-06:08 552 356 64% 21 12 57% Keanae Hana 1-1-07:20 46 0 0% 4 0 0% Kamali’i Kihei-Makena 3-9-19:09 830 703 85% 39 0 0% Kihei Kihei-Makena 2-2-02:43 957 810 85% 40 15 38% Kamehameha III Lahaina 4-6-02:13 & 14 646 744 115% 23 11 48% Prin. Nahienaena Lahaina 4-6-18:13 612 598 98% 31 7 23% Lana‘i Elementary 4-9-14:02, 03 Lana‘i 553 616 111% 30 9 30% and High & 04 Kula Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 2-2-14:02 565 439 78% 19 12 63%
Makawao Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 2-4-05:10 602 469 78% 26 11 42%
Pukalani Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 2-3-09:35 578 457 79% 24 12 50% Kaunakakai Moloka‘i 5-3-02:52 487 218 45% 25 2 8% Kilohana Moloka‘i 5-6-02:08 209 98 47% 17 1 6% Kualapuu (Charter) Moloka‘i 5-2-13:27 436 363 83% 14 9 64% Maunaloa Moloka‘i 5-1-02:03 & 17 121 57 47% 10 1 10% Ha‘iku Paia-Ha‘iku 2-7-08:97 428 421 98% 13 14 108% Paia Paia-Ha‘iku 2-5-05:04 346 195 56% 20 0 0%
Kahului Wailuku-Kahului 3-8-07:41 959 865 90% 38 13 34%
Lihikai Wailuku-Kahului 3-8-30:09 1120 1102 98% 32 26 81% Waihe’e Wailuku-Kahului 3-2-12:01 751 850 113% 32 10 31% Wailuku Wailuku-Kahului 3-4-07:01 1132 953 84% 51 9 18% Maui Lani Wailuku-Kahului 3-8-7:131 Maui County Total 22,730 20,739 91% 948 318 34% Source: State Department of Education, 2005
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Table 3-3 DOE Total Enrollment by Planning Region, 2005 School Planning Region Actual 2005 Keanae Hana 0 Hana High/Elementary Hana 356 Total Hana 356 Kihei Kihei-Makena 810 Lokelani Intermediate Kihei-Makena 762 Kamali’i Kihei-Makena 703 Total Kihei-Makena 2,275 Lahainaluna High Lahaina 1033 Princess Nahienaena Lahaina 598 Kamehameha III Lahaina 744 Lahaina Intermediate Lahaina 578 Total Lahaina 2,953 Lana‘i High/Elem Lana‘i 616 Kula Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 439 King Kekaulike High Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 1,388 Queen Kalama Intermediate Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 945 Pukalani Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 457 Makawao Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 469 Total Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 3,698 Kilohana Moloka‘i 98 Maunaloa Moloka‘i 57 Moloka‘i High/Intermediate Moloka‘i 589 Kaunakakai Moloka‘i 218 Kualapuu Moloka‘i 363 Total Moloka‘i 1,325 Paia Paia-Ha‘iku 195 Ha‘iku Paia-Ha‘iku 421 Total Paia-Ha‘iku 616 Maui Lani Wailuku-Kahului 0 Wailuku Wailuku-Kahului 953 Baldwin High Wailuku-Kahului 1,574 Iao Intermediate Wailuku-Kahului 830 Maui Waena Intermediate Wailuku-Kahului 1,017 Kahului Wailuku-Kahului 865 Waihe‘e Wailuku-Kahului 850 Maui High Wailuku-Kahului 1,709 Lihikai Wailuku-Kahului 1,102 Total Wailuku-Kahului 8,900
Total Maui County 20,739 Source: State Department of Education, 2006
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Table 3-4 DOE Special Education Enrollment (2001) By Region Regional % Grand Total Special % Special Special Including Regular Education Education Education Special Planning Region School Total Total Per School (all schools) Education Hana Hana High and Elementary 356 69 16% 425 Keanae Elementary 0 0 0% 19% 0 Kihei-Makena Kamali’i Elementary 703 53 7% 756 Kihei Elementary 810 38 4% 848 Lokelani Intermediate 762 73 9% 7% 835 Lahaina Lahaina Intermediate 578 76 12% 654 Lahainaluna High 1033 156 13% 1189 Kamehameha III Elem. 744 60 7% 804 Princess Nahienaena Elem 598 58 9% 12% 656 Lana‘i Lana‘i High and Elementary 616 132 18% 21% 748 Makawao-Pukalani - Kula Kula Elementary 439 29 6% 468 Makawao Elementary 469 62 12% 531 Pukalani Elementary 457 51 10% 508 Queen Kalama Inter. 945 155 14% 1100 King Kekaulike High 1,388 285 17% 16% 1673 Moloka‘i Kualapuu Elementary 363 21 5% 384 Maunaloa Elementary 57 6 10% 63 Kaunakakai Elementary 218 43 16% 261 Moloka‘i High 408 71 15% 479 Moloka‘i Intermed. 181 37 17% 218 Kilohana Elementary 98 7 7% 14% 105 Paia-Ha‘iku Ha‘iku Elementary 421 36 8% 457 Paia Elementary 195 10 5% 7% 205 Wailuku-Kahului Kahului Elementary 865 66 7% 931 Wailuku Elementary 953 76 7% 1029 Lihikai Elementary 1102 86 7% 1188 Waihe‘e Elementary 850 66 7% 916 Iao Intermediate 830 88 10% 918 Maui Waena Intermediate 1017 119 10% 1136 Baldwin High 1574 225 13% 1799 Maui High 1,709 246 13% 11% 1955 Source: State Department of Education, 2005
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Table 3-5 Private School Enrollments by Region, 2005 Elementary Intermediate High School Planning Region K-5 8-Jun 12-Sep TOTAL Montessori Hale O Keiki Kihei-Makena 76 0 0 76 Clearview Christian Girl's School Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 0 21 0 21 Haleakala Waldorf Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 105 40 0 145 Kamehameha Schools - Maui Campus Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 128 48 0 176 Montessori School of Maui Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 181 0 0 181 Seabury Hall Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 0 134 265 399 St. Joseph Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 82 0 0 82 Kihei PCS #554 Kihei-Makena 0 0 145 145 Sacred Hearts Lahaina 131 79 0 210 Doris Todd Memorial/Maui Christian Academy Paia-Ha‘iku 72 48 0 120 Moloka‘i Christian Academy Moloka‘i 38 27 0 65 Moloka‘i Mission School Moloka‘i 16 0 0 16 Kualapuu Elem. NCPCCS #411 Moloka’i 370 0 0 370 Christ the King Wailuku-Kahului 130 0 0 130 Emmanuel Lutheran Wailuku-Kahului 91 0 0 91 Ka'ahumanu Hou Christian Wailuku-Kahului 39 32 49 120 Maui Adventist Wailuku-Kahului 30 0 0 30 St. Anthony Jr.-Sr. High School Wailuku-Kahului 0 113 229 342 St. Anthony Grade School Wailuku-Kahului 150 46 0 196 TOTAL 1639 588 688 2915 Sources: Hawai‘i Association of Independent Schools (HAIS), 2005; inventory of non-HAIS schools, 2005
3.3.6 DOE School Enrollment Projections for Maui County, 2005-2011
The DOE provided their most recent forecast of student enrollments by school (March 2006). Overall, the DOE predicts 0% growth for the county’s public school enrollment from 2005-2011, resulting from a mixture of growth and reductions in enrollment. DOE forecasts are shown in Table 3-6, which ranks the schools in terms of growth. Schools are ranked from highest growth (+86% for new facility Maui Lani Elementary in Wailuku-Kahului and 45% for Kamehameha III Elementary in Lahaina) to lowest (-44% for Kekaulike High and -38% for Hana High and Elementary).
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Table 3-6 DOE Public School Enrollment Projections Ranked by Growth, 2005-2011 Actual Change %change School Planning Region 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2005-2011 Maui Lani Wailuku-Kahului n/a n/a 294 378 434 490 546 252 86% Kamehameha III Lahaina 744 766 817 869 958 1033 1077 333 45% Wailuku Wailuku-Kahului 953 967 1085 1143 1201 1266 1324 371 39% Iao Int Wailuku-Kahului 830 854 868 962 1024 1072 1053 223 27% Waihe’e Wailuku-Kahului 850 850 830 887 932 984 1021 171 20% Kualapuu Moloka‘i 363 322 400 410 420 420 420 57 16% Baldwin High Wailuku-Kahului 1574 1513 1604 1614 1692 1733 1776 202 13% Maui Waena Int Wailuku-Kahului 1017 989 1000 1028 1058 1083 1112 95 9% Maui High Wailuku-Kahului 1709 1726 1821 1830 1842 1851 1861 152 9% Kamali’i Kihei-Makena 703 701 712 725 738 751 765 62 9% Lokelani Int Kihei-Makena 762 726 751 765 779 793 807 45 6% Kihei Kihei-Makena 810 794 827 831 835 839 845 35 4% Kahului Wailuku-Kahului 865 865 871 877 883 889 897 32 4% Prin. Nahienaena Lahaina 598 630 620 617 636 651 653 4 1% Keanae Hana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0% Kaunakakai Moloka‘i 218 222 236 227 225 228 218 0 0% Moloka‘i Int Moloka‘i 181 177 162 165 181 174 173 -8 -4% Lihikai Wailuku-Kahului 1102 1106 985 1022 1028 1032 1026 -76 -7% Maunaloa Moloka‘i 57 45 51 50 50 50 51 -6 -11% Kilohana Moloka‘i 98 100 107 99 96 90 87 -11 -11% Lahaina Int Lahaina 578 596 565 581 545 500 490 -88 -15% Lana‘i High/El Lana‘i 616 606 590 572 549 529 508 -108 -18%
Makawao Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 469 487 443 439 430 415 386 -83 -18% Paia Paia-Ha‘iku 195 191 171 171 168 159 152 -43 -22%
Lahainaluna High Lahaina 1033 1000 907 810 765 762 796 -237 -23%
Pukalani Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 457 441 404 396 386 364 352 -105 -23%
Kula Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 439 439 394 383 375 352 334 -105 -24% Ha‘iku Paia-Ha‘iku 421 412 373 358 333 303 286 -135 -32% Moloka‘i High Moloka‘i 408 369 330 297 264 268 268 -140 -34%
Queen Kalama Int Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 945 888 752 701 650 619 600 -345 -37% Hana High/El Hana 356 339 292 280 255 239 222 -134 -38% King Kekaulike High Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 1388 1353 1128 1028 919 833 782 -606 -44% Total Maui County 20,739 20,474 20,390 20,515 20,651 20,772 20,888 98 0.0% Source: State Department of Education, 2005
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3.3.7 Regional Analyses
The following sections provide an individual analysis of planning regions. Each section provides data and analysis for the planning region including:
• Public School Enrollment, 2005 • Special Education Enrollment, 2005 • Private School Enrollment, 2005 • DOE Student Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011 • Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030
3.4 MAUI SCHOOLS
3.4.1 HANA
A. Enrollment
This relatively remote, though geographically large planning region is served by two elementary schools: Keanae Elementary (with enrollment of 0-4 students) and Hana High and Elementary, which combines grades K-12. See Table 3-7.
Table 3-7 Hana Public School Enrollment, 2005
School Actual 2005
Keanae Elementary 0 Hana High/Elementary 356 Total Hana 356
Source: State Department of Education, 2005
B. Special Education Enrollment
Table 3-8 shows the proportion of students enrolled in special education in the Hana planning region. The data indicate that over one in five children were in special education programs at Hana High and Elementary School in 2005.
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Table 3-8 Hana Special Education Enrollment, 2005 Regional % Special Grand Total Special Special Special Special % Special Education Including Regular Education Education Education Education Education (all Special School Total K-6 7-8 9-12 Total Per School schools) Education Hana High and 287 26 13 30 69 0.19 356 Elementary Keanae 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 24% 0 Elementary Source: State Department of Education, 2006
C. Private School Enrollment
There are no private schools in the Hana planning region.
D. DOE Student Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011
As shown in Table 3-9, the DOE expects enrollment at Hana High/Elementary to decrease from 356 to 222, a 38% drop, by 2011. Keanae Elementary enrollment is expected to remain stable. It should be noted that in the Fall of 2005, the DOE made a decision to send Keanae’s 3 elementary school students to Hana Elementary School due to lack of staffing. The situation remains the same today and according to the DOE, until there are at least 12 students to attend classes at Keanae, the students will continue to be sent to Hana Elementary.
Table 3-9 Hana DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 2005 Ratio of 2011 Rated Change Enrollment to Capacity Actual from 2005- % 2005 Rated School 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 change Capacity Hana High/Elem 552 356 339 292 280 255 239 222 -134 -38% 40% Keanae 46 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 0 0.00 15% Source: State Department of Education, 2006
E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030
Population projections in the Hana community plan area are minimal to 2030. In addition, Hana Elementary and High School currently has excess capacity and there are no indications that additional capacity will be needed to handle future growth to the year 2030.
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3.4.2 KIHEI - MAKENA
A. Enrollment
Three public schools are located in this region: Kihei Elementary, Kamali’i Elementary and Lokelani Intermediate School, as shown in Table 3-10. High school aged students are served by Maui High School which is located in the Wailuku-Kahului community plan region, as well as the Kihei Charter School, located in Kihei.
Table 3-10 Kihei-Makena Public School Enrollment, 2005 School Actual 2005 Kihei Elementary 810 Kamali’i Elementary 703 Lokelani Intermediate 762 Total Kihei-Makena 2,275 Source: State Department of Education, 2005
B. Special Education Enrollment
Table 3-11 presents the actual enrollment of special education students in 2005 in the Kihei- Makena area. Compared to some other regions of Maui, the overall 8% special education enrollment rate is relatively low. Lokelani Intermediate School’s rate of 10% special education students is comparable to that of intermediate schools in other Maui planning regions. Table 3-11 Kihei-Makena Special Education Enrollment, 2005 Regional % Grand Special Total Special Special Special Special % Special Education Including Regular Education Education Education Education Education (all Special School Total K-6 7-8 9-12 Total Per School schools) Education
Kamali’i 650 53 0 0 53 0.08 703
Kihei 772 38 0 0 38 0.05 810
Lokelani Int 689 23 50 0 73 0.10 762
Total Kihei-Makena 8% 2,275 Source: State Department of Education, 2005
C. Private School Enrollment
As shown in Table 3-12, there is one private school in Kihei-Makena, Montessori Hale O Keiki, which serves 64 elementary-aged students.
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Table 3-12 Kihei-Makena Private School Enrollment, 2005 Elementary Intermed High School Planning Region K-5 6-8 9-12 TOTAL Montessori Hale O Keiki Kihei-Makena 64 0 0 64 Source: Hawai‘i Association of Independent Schools, 2005
D. DOE Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011
DOE forecasts relatively stable enrollment in this region to 2011, with a 4% increase expected at Kihei Elementary, a 9% increase at Kamali’i Elementary, and a 6% increase at Lokelani Intermediate. See Table 3-13. Table 3-13 Kihei-Makena, DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 2005 Change Ratio of 2011 Rated from Enrollment to Capacity Actual 2005- 2005 Rated School 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 % Change Capacity 957 Kihei 810 794 827 831 835 839 845 35 4% 88% 830 Kamali’i 703 701 712 725 738 751 765 62 9% 92%
Total Elementary 1,513 1,495 1,539 1,556 1,573 1,590 1,610 646 130% Lokelani Inter. 762 726 751 765 779 793 807 45 6%
Source: State Department of Education, 2005
E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030
Resident population projections for the South Maui area suggest a significant increase in student population for this period. For the period 2010 to 2030, resident population is expected to increase from 28,114 to 38,757, a gain of 37% Given the population projections, and considering the amount of development occurring in this region and the opportunity for continued development, the need for additional schools will be pronounced. The lack of a high school is currently being addressed by the DOE and funds have been allocated for site selection and design. The DOE’s target opening date for Kihei High School is 2010. A new elementary school and intermediate school will also be warranted by 2030.
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3.4.3 LAHAINA
A. Enrollment
The Lahaina planning region is served by four public schools: Lahainaluna High, Lahaina Intermediate, Kamehameha III Elementary, and Princess Nahienaena Elementary. See Table 3-14. Table 3-14 Lahaina Public School Enrollment, 2005 School Actual 2005 Lahainaluna High 1033 Princess Nahienaena Elementary 598 Kamehameha III Elementary 744 Lahaina Intermediate 578 Total Lahaina 2,953 Source: State Department of Education, 2005
B. Special Education Enrollment
Table 3-15 presents the 2005 DOE special education statistics for Lahaina. They show that 12% of students in Lahaina-area schools are enrolled in special education. There is a higher percentage of special education students (15%) at intermediate and high schools than at the two elementary schools (8%).
Table 3-15 Lahaina Special Education Enrollment, 2005
Regional % Grand Total Special Special Special Special % Special Special Including Regular Education Education Education Education Education Education Special School Total K-6 7-8 9-12 Total Per School (all schools) Education Lahaina Intermediate 502 23 53 0 76 0.13 578 Lahainaluna High 877 0 0 156 156 0.15 1,033 Kamehameha III 684 60 0 0 60 0.08 744 Elementary Princess Nahienaena 540 58 0 0 58 0.10 598 Elementary 12% Source: State Department of Education, 2005
C. Private School Enrollment
Table 3-16 indicates there are two private schools in the Lahaina planning region, Sacred Hearts School, with a total enrollment of 200 pre-high school students, and Maui Preparatory Academy, with a total enrollment (Pre-Kindergarten to 9th grade) of 181 students.
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Table 3-16 2005 Private School Enrollment, Lahaina Elementary Intermediate High School K-5 6-8 9-12 TOTAL
Sacred Hearts School 135 65 0 200
Maui Preparatory Academy *75 55 16 146
Source: Sacred Hearts School, 2005; Maui Preparatory Academy, 2006.
*Note: Does not include 35 students in Pre-Kindergarten grade
D. DOE Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011
The Department of Education projections to 2011 for the Lahaina region (Table 3-17) indicate decreases in high and intermediate school enrollment and a 45% increase in the elementary school cohort by the end of school year 2011. Table 3-17 Lahaina DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011
2005 Ratio of 2011 Rated Change Enrollment to Capacity Actual from 2005- % 2005 Rated School 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 Change Capacity Lahainaluna High 969 1033 1000 907 810 765 762 796 -237 -23% 82%
Princess 612 649 630 620 617 636 651 653 4 1% 107% Nahienaena
Lahaina Int 571 578 596 565 581 545 500 490 -88 -15% 86%
Kamehameha III 646 744 766 817 869 958 1033 1077 333 45% 167%
Source: State Department of Education, 2005
E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030
Resident population forecasts for the West Maui Community Planning area suggest increasing student enrollment in all grades over this planning period. For the period 2010 to 2030 resident population is forecast to increase from 21,577 to 28,903, a gain of 33%. Given the high number of development projects proposed in the area, and increasing population numbers, the need for additional schools, or the expansion of schools, will be inevitable. A new elementary school is in the planning stages for the area of Kahana, near the Kapalua Airport. This school is being proposed as part of Maui Land & Pineapple’s Pulelehua project. The DOE is supporting the construction of this school and has a targeted opening date of 2011. This will help with the growth expected to 2011. The Department of Education is also cognizant of the fact that a new intermediate school will be needed within this 2030 forecast horizon however planning for this school has not yet begun. With the introduction of Maui Preparatory Academy and 3-20
Kamehameha School, the need for additional high school capacity may be addressed with the addition of classrooms and facilities at Lahainaluna High School rather than the construction of a new high school.
3.4.4 MAKAWAO - PUKALANI - KULA
A. Enrollment
As shown in Table 3-18, this planning region has one high school, King Kekaulike High, one intermediate, Kalama Intermediate, and three elementary schools, Kula Elementary, Makawao Elementary and Pukalani Elementary. Table 3-18 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Public School Enrollment, 2005 School Actual 2005 Kula Elementary 439 King Kekaulike High 1,388 Queen Kalama Intermediate 945 Pukalani Elementary 457 Makawao Elementary 469 Total Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 3,698
Source: State Department of Education, 2005
B. Special Education Enrollment
The data in Table 3-19 indicate an overall ratio of special education to total enrollment of 16%. Approximately 7-13% of the elementary students receive special education. In 2005, high schools had a special education rate of 21% in this region, or one in five students. Table 3-19 2005 Special Education Enrollment, Makawao-Pukalani-Kula % Special Regional % Grand Total Special Special Special Special Education Special Including Regular Education Education Education Education Per Education Special School Total K-6 7-8 9-12 Total School (all schools) Education
Kula Elementary 439 29 0 0 29 0.07 439
Makawao Elementary 407 62 0 0 62 0.13 469
Pukalani Elementary 406 51 0 0 51 0.11 457
Queen Kalama Int. 790 54 101 0 155 0.16 945
King Kekaulike High 1,103 0 0 285 285 0.21 16% 1,388 Source: State Department of Education, 2005
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C. Private School Enrollment
Available information for the 2005-2006 school year indicates that approximately 1,969 students attended seven private schools in the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula planning region, as shown in Table 3-20. This total is higher than the total for Wailuku-Kahului (910), although Wailuku- Kahului had 2.5 times more school-aged children in 2005. It should be noted, however, that Seabury Hall and Kamehameha School Maui Campus serve students from the other community plan regions aside from the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula planning region.
Table 3-20 2005 Private School Enrollment, Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Elementary Intermediate High School K-5 6-8 9-12 TOTAL Clearview Christian Girl's School 0 13 0 13
Haleakala Waldorf 145 62 0 207 1084 Kamehameha Schools - Maui Campus 256 300 528
Montessori School of Maui 75 29 0 104
Seabury Hall 0 134 259 393
Carden Academy - Upcountry 78 27 0 105
St. Joseph 63 0 0 63
Total Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 617 565 787 1969
Source: Hawai‘i Association of Independent Schools, 2005
D. DOE Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011
Table 3-21 presents the DOE forecast of school enrollment to 2011 for the Makawao-Pukalani- Kula area. All public schools in this region are projected to have reduced enrollment. DOE expects Makawao Elementary to drop in enrollment by 83 students (-18% or almost one-fifth). Kekaulike High, Kalama Intermediate, and Pukalani Elementary schools are expected to have significant reductions in enrollment at 44%, 37% and 23%, respectively.
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Table 3-21 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 2005 Change Ratio of 2011 Rated from Enrollment to Capacity Actual 2005- % 2005 Rated School 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 Change Capacity
Kula Elem. 565 439 439 394 383 375 352 334 -105 -24% 59%
Queen Kalama 945 888 752 701 650 619 600 -345 -37% 53% Intermediate 1118
King Kekaulike 1388 1353 1128 1028 919 833 782 -606 -44% High 1339 58%
Pukalani Elem. 578 457 441 404 396 386 364 352 -105 -23% 60%
Makawao Elem. 602 469 487 443 439 430 415 386 -83 -18% 64%
Source: State Department of Education, 2005
E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2011
Resident population projections based on historic trends do show slightly increasing numbers for school aged children during the period 2012-2030. However, given the decreasing population forecast for all grade levels to 2011, and the somewhat limited potential for large growth in the area, new schools should not be needed. Should a large scale project like that being proposed at Hali‘imaile occur, however, the need for a new elementary school may be warranted and additional classrooms may be needed at both Queen Kalama Intermediate and King Kekaulike High School to accommodate such growth.
3.4.5 PAIA-HA‘IKU
A. Enrollment
This region is served by two elementary schools, Paia Elementary and Ha‘iku Elementary. See Table 3-22. The region is also served by Queen Kalama Intermediate and King Kekaulike High school which are both located in the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula community planning district. Table 3-22 Paia-Ha‘iku Public School Enrollment, 2005
School Actual 2005 Paia Elementary 195 Ha‘iku Elementary 421 Total Paia-Ha‘iku 616 Source: State Department of Education, 2005 3-23
B. Special Education Enrollment
Table 3-23 shows the enrollment of Paia-Ha‘iku students compared to total students. Table 3-23 Paia-Ha‘iku Special Education Enrollment, 2005 Regional % Grand Total Special Special Special Special % Special Special Including Regular Education Education Education Education Education Education Special School Total K-6 7-8 9-12 Total Per School (all schools) Education
Ha‘iku Elementary 385 36 0 0 36 0.09 421
Paia Elementary 185 10 0 0 10 0.05 7% 195
Source: State Department of Education, 2005
C. Private School Enrollment
There is one private school in the Paia-Ha‘iku planning region, with a total of 126 students in elementary and intermediate school. See Table 3-24. Table 3-24 Paia-Ha‘iku Private School Enrollment, 2005
Elementary (K-5) Intermediate (6-8) High School (9-12) Total Doris Todd Memorial/Maui Christian 80 46 0 126 Academy Source: Hawai‘i Association of Independent Schools, 2005
D. DOE Student Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011
The DOE forecast in Table 3-25 expects a -22% decline in the enrollment of Paia Elementary from 2005-2011, Ha‘iku Elementary is also expected to decline in enrollment by -32%. Table 3-25 Paia-Ha‘iku DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 2005 Ratio of 2011 Rated Change Enrollment to Capacity Actual from 2005- % 2005 Rated School 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 Change Capacity
Paia Elem. 346 195 191 171 171 168 159 152 -43 -22% 43%
Ha‘iku Elem. 428 421 412 373 358 333 303 286 -135 -32% 66%
Source: State Department of Education, 2005
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E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030
As with the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula region, population projections for school aged children in this area are minimal. Although the projections are somewhat minimal, the population projections for 2030 in this region suggests that additional capacity may eventually be warranted for Haiku Elementary in the planning period as their capacity could be reached, if not slightly exceeded, by 2030. This could be addressed by increasing the number of classrooms and related facilities at the school.
3.4.6 WAILUKU - KAHULUI
A. Enrollment
The Wailuku-Kahului planning region serves the most populous and high-growth area of Maui Island. The area has two high schools, Baldwin High and Maui High, with combined fall 2005 enrollment of 3,283 students. Four elementary schools serve the region: Waihe’e Elementary, Wailuku Elementary, Lihikai Elementary, and Kahului Elementary. The area also has two intermediate schools: Maui Waena Intermediate and Iao Intermediate. See Table 3-26. Table 3-26 Actual 2005 Enrollment, Wailuku-Kahului School Actual 2005 Maui Lani Elementary 0 Wailuku Elementary 953 Baldwin High 1,574 Iao Intermediate 830 Maui Waena Intermediate 1,017 Kahului Elementary 865 Waihe’e Elementary 850 Maui High 1,709 Lihikai Elementary 1,102 Total Wailuku-Kahului 8,900 Source: State Department of Education, 2005
Perhaps the greatest single impact on public school enrollment in Central Maui over the next 20 years will be the development of the Maui Lani project and the Kehalani project. The DOE is moving forward with two new school’s to address projected enrollment increases in this area. Maui Lani Elementary is slated to open in the Fall of 2007. The DOE is beginning site selection and plans for Wailuku Elementary II, and is targeting 2012 as a completion date. It should also be noted that the development of a high school in South Maui will address enrollment capacity problems at Maui High School and Baldwin High school since South Maui’s high school age students currently attend high school in the Central Maui region. The progression of developing Maui Lani’s projected 3,600 housing units is as follows (Personal communication, Daren Suzuki, Maui Lani, February 2006)
$ 759 houses and lots currently sold as of February 2006;
$ 150-200 units a year to be completed thereafter until tentative build-out in 2018-23.
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B. Special Education Enrollment
The overall percentage of special education students to total enrollment for the Wailuku-Kahului planning region was 11% in 2005. As in other Maui County regions, the elementary schools had special education students in the range of 8% of enrollment, increasing with student age to 14% at the two high schools. See Table 3-27. Table 3-27 Wailuku-Kahului Special Education Enrollment, 2005 Regional % Special Grand Total Special Special Special Special % Special Education Including Regular Education Education Education Education Education (all Special School Total K-6 7-8 9-12 Total Per School schools) Education Kahului Elementary 799 66 0 0 66 8% 865
Wailuku Elementary 877 76 0 0 76 8% 953
Lihikai Elementary 1,016 86 0 0 86 8% 1,102
Waihe’e Elementary 784 66 0 0 66 8% 850
Iao Intermediate 742 30 58 0 88 11% 830
Maui Waena Intermediate 898 38 81 0 119 12% 1,017
Baldwin High 1,349 0 0 225 225 14% 1,574
Maui High 1,463 0 0 246 246 14% 11% 1,709
Source: State Department of Education, 2005
C. Private School Enrollment
The Wailuku-Kahului region has seven private schools enrolling approximately 910 children compared to public school enrollment of 8,900. Private school enrollment constitutes approximately 10% of total school enrollment in Wailuku-Kahului. See Table 3-28. It should be similarly noted that, as in the case with the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula planning district, students who attend these private schools in the Wailuku-Kahului district are not from this district alone and include students from other planning regions around the island. Table 3-28 Wailuku-Kahului Private School Enrollment, 2005 Elementary Intermediate High School K-5 6-8 9-12 TOTAL
Christ the King 91 5 0 96 Emmanuel Lutheran 119 56 0 175 Ka'ahumanu Hou Christian 37 18 35 90 Maui Adventist 22 18 0 40 St. Anthony Jr.-Sr. High School 0 102 176 278 St. Anthony Grade School 154 44 0 198 Total Wailuku-Kahului 456 243 211 910 Sources: Hawai‘i Association of Independent Schools and school interviews, 2005
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D. DOE Student Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011
Table 3-29 presents the DOE forecast for public school enrollment to 2011 for the Wailuku- Kahului region. In contrast to other regions of Maui County, DOE expects growth in enrollment in all schools except Lihikai Elementary, which is expected to lose approximately 7% of their enrollment as the opening of the Maui Lani Elementary school absorbs enrollment of students from areas currently served by Lihikai Elementary school. The highest expected growth will be in the planned Maui Lani Elementary and Wailuku Elementary. Maui Lani is expected to open in 2007 with 294 students and experience 67% growth between 2005 and 2011. Baldwin High and Iao Intermediate are expected to grow by 13% and 27% respectively. Enrollment at Wailuku Elementary School is expected to increase by 371 students or 39% by 2011. Table 3-29 Wailuku-Kahului DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 2005 Ratio of 2011 Rated Change % Enrollment to Capacity Actual from 2005- Chang 2005 Rated School 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 e Capacity
Maui Lani n/a 0 0 294 378 434 490 546 252 67% n/a Wailuku Elem. 1132 953 967 1085 1143 1201 1266 1324 371 39% 116% Baldwin High 1542 1574 1513 1604 1614 1692 1733 1776 202 13% 115% Iao Inter. 945 830 854 868 962 1024 1072 1053 223 27% 111% Maui Waena Int 1008 1017 989 1000 1028 1058 1083 1112 95 9% 101% Kahului Elem. 959 865 865 871 877 883 889 897 32 4% 93% Waihe’e Elem. 751 850 850 830 887 932 984 1021 171 20% 135% Maui High 1563 1709 1726 1821 1830 1842 1851 1861 152 9% 119% Lihikai Elem. 1120 1102 1106 985 1022 1028 1032 1026 -76 -7% 91% Source: State Department of Education, 2005
E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030
The Central Maui area’s population forecast show the highest growth in school aged children when compared to other community plan districts on the island. During the period 2010 to 2030, the resident population of the Wailuku-Kahului community plan area is expected to increase from 51,312 to 71,223, a gain of 38%. The development potential for Central Maui is also significant when considering large project districts like Maui Lani and Kehalani. With the construction of a new high school in the South Maui area, capacity in the Central Maui high schools will be somewhat alleviated. However, given the continued growth expected in the area over the next 20 years, increasing capacity at either of the high schools, or the need for a completely new school, may be needed. As for elementary schools, the opening of Maui Lani Elementary may help to offset the need for capacity to 2011. By 2011, however, the need for Wailuku Elementary II will become critical. The Department of Education has been engaged in planning discussions with developer Stanford Carr of Kehalani and has allocated funds to begin designing an additional elementary school in this project district, with completion targeted for 2012. The DOE has also discussed the possibility of another new elementary or intermediate school in the Waiehu area. It appears that a new intermediate school will be necessary given the existing capacity of Iao Intermediate School and Maui Waena Intermediate School and the realistic growth potential for the area after 2011.
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3.4.7 MAUI DISTRICT SUMMARY
In the County of Maui, the growing community plan areas of Wailuku-Kahului, Kihei-Makena and West Maui are expected to face capacity constraints during the period 2005-2011. The primary growth area on Maui is the Wailuku-Kahului planning region where seven (7) of the eight (8) schools show increases in enrollment with only one (Lihikai Elementary) showing a decline in enrollment. Other districts with increasing enrollment include Lahaina (one school, Kamehameha III) and Kihei (one school, Kamali‘i). Increasing enrollments at the two high schools (Maui High and Baldwin High) in the Wailuku-Kahului district point to the need for another high school. The DOE and BOE have agreed that a new high school in the Kihei- Makena planning region is warranted, and this would offset crowding at the Central Maui high schools since students from the Kihei-Makena region now attend Maui High School in Central Maui. In addition to the drastic high school enrollment growth for the Central area, the elementary school age population is also increasing and points to the development of another elementary school in the Wailuku area. As mentioned earlier, a new elementary school in the Kehalani project district is in the initial planning stage. In regards to the West Maui district, a new elementary school has been proposed at Pulelehua, a proposed development project by Maui Land & Pineapple Co. Inc. Discussions with the DOE are on-going at this time and a 2012 completion date has been suggested. Intermediate schools in the Central and West Maui districts have also been discussed and will be warranted based on population and development growth to 2030.
Population projections prepared by the Planning Department (June 2006) for the various planning areas between 2015 and 2030 show increases in the school populations as follows:
• Wailuku-Kahului 30% • Lahaina 26% • Kihei-Makena 29% • Makawao-Kula 20% • Paia-Ha‘ikü 9% • Hana 19% As discussed earlier, the need for additional classrooms or new schools in the Wailuku-Kahului, Kihei and Lahaina areas will be markedly pronounced from 2011-2030 with the increase in population as well as development potential. The Upcountry and East areas of the island are projected to have somewhat minimal growth and thus are not forecasted to have significant capacity issues. Student enrollment at many of Maui’s public schools far exceeds the Board of Education’s site benchmarks.
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3.5 LANA‘I
A. Enrollment
Lana‘i Elementary and High School serves Lana‘i school-aged children(Table 3-30). Table 3-30 Lana‘i Public School Enrollment, 2005
School Actual 2005 Lana‘i High/Elementary 616 Source: State Department of Education, 2005
B. Special Education Enrollment
The information in Table 3-31 indicates that 21% of Lana‘i students or nearly one in five were in special education in 2005. Table 3-31 Lana‘i Special Education Enrollment, 2005
Regional % Special Special Special Special % Special Special Regular Education Education Education Education Education Education (all School Total K-6 7-8 9-12 Total Per School schools)
Lana‘i High and Elementary 484 63 21 48 132 21% 21% Source: State Department of Education, 2005 C. Private School Enrollment
There are currently no private schools on Lana‘i.
D. DOE Enrollment Projections from 2002-2008
As shown in Table 3-32, the DOE expects Lana‘i enrollment to drop until 2011 with a -18% decrease. Table 3-32 Lana‘i DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 2005 Ratio of Rated Change Enrollment Capacity Actual from 2005- % to 2005 School 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 Change Capacity
616 606 590 572 549 529 508 -108 -18% 91% Lana‘i High/Elem 553
Source: State Department of Education, 2005
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E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030
Although there is currently little discussion about significant developmental growth on Lanai, population projections and the already near capacity nature of the elementary and high school may indicate needed classroom expansion at the island’s only school. However, given Lanai’s small population base, a new school, in any grade level, will not be necessary over the planning horizon.
F. Lana‘i Summary
The enrollment projections prepared by the DOE shows that between 2005 and 2011 there will be an 18% reduction in enrollment. As with some of the other community plan regions on Maui island, population projections for school aged children for Lana‘i are relatively minimal. Additional capacity through the 2030 planning period may be warranted, however, and increasing the number of classrooms and related facilities at the school would address this concern.
3.6 MOLOKA‘I
A. Enrollment
The Island of Moloka‘i is served by four elementary schools: Maunaloa Elementary, Kaunakakai Elementary, Kualapuu Elementary, and Kilohana Elementary. Moloka‘i Intermediate and High serves students from throughout the island. Table 3-33 summarizes 2005 enrollment information. Table 3-33 Moloka‘i Public School Enrollment, 2005 School Actual 2005 Kualapuu Elementary 363 Maunaloa Elementary 57 Kaunakakai Elementary 218 Moloka‘i Intermediate 181 Moloka‘i High 408 Kilohana Elementary 98 Total Moloka‘i 1,325 Source: State Department of Education, 2005 B. Special Education Enrollment
Table 3-34 shows 14% of Moloka‘i’s students are enrolled in special education. Of note is the particularly high proportion of 20% at Kaunakakai Elementary and Moloka‘i Intermediate, an unusually high percentage for these grade levels compared to other Maui County schools.
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Table 3-34 Moloka‘i Special Education Enrollment, 2005 Regional % Special Grand Total Special Special Special Special % Special Education Including Regular Education Education Education Education Education (all Special School Total K-6 7-8 9-12 Total Per School schools) Education Kualapuu Elementary 342 21 0 0 21 0.06 363
Maunaloa Elementary 51 6 0 0 6 0.11 57
Kaunakakai Elementary 175 43 0 0 43 0.20 218
Moloka‘i Intermediate 144 0 37 0 37 0.20 181
Moloka‘i High 337 0 0 71 71 0.17 408
Kilohana Elementary 91 7 0 0 7 0.07 14% 98
Source: State Department of Education, 2005
C. Private School Enrollment
Moloka‘i has two private schools: Moloka‘i Christian School and Moloka‘i Mission School, with a total enrollment of 67 students in kindergarten to 12th grade. See Table 3-35.
Table 3-35 Moloka‘i Private School Enrollment, 2005
Elementary (K-5) Intermediate (6-8) High School (9-12) Total
Moloka‘i Christian Academy 17 15 19 51
Moloka‘i Mission School 16 0 0 16
Source: Hawai‘i Association of Independent Schools, 2005
D. DOE Student Enrollment Projections from 2005-2011
As shown in Table 3-36, DOE expects enrollment at all Moloka‘i public schools to decline, with the exception of Kualapuu Elementary School, which is expected to have a 16% increase in enrollment by the end of school year 2010-2011. The overall decrease in enrollment in all Moloka‘i public schools is expected to be between 4 and 34 percent in that period.
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Table 3-36 Moloka‘i DOE Annual Enrollment Projections, 2005-2011 Ratio of 2011 2005 Change Enrollment to Rated Actual from % 2005 Rated School Capacity 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2005-2011 Change Capacity
Kilohana Elem. 98 100 107 99 96 90 87 -11 -11% 41% 209
Maunaloa Elem. 57 45 51 50 50 50 51 -6 -11% 42% 121
Moloka‘i Int 181 177 162 165 181 174 173 -8 -4% 343 50%
Moloka‘i High 408 369 330 297 264 268 268 -140 -34% 756 35%
Kaunakakai Elem. 218 222 236 227 225 228 218 0 0% 487 44%
Kualapuu Elem. 363 322 400 410 420 420 420 57 16% 436 96% Source: State Department of Education, 2005
E. Evaluation of Student Enrollment Trends from 2012-2030
Molokai’s population projections are minimal to 2030. In addition, given the more than adequate capacity at each of the island’s schools, there is very little indication that additional capacity will be needed to handle future growth.
F. Moloka‘i Summary
The enrollment projections prepared by the DOE shows that between 2005 and 2011 there will be a reduction in enrollment for five (5) of the six (6) schools on the island. Kualapuu Elementary is the only school showing an increase in enrollment of 16% between 2005 and 2011. If additional capacity is needed through 2030, which appears unlikely, it could be addressed by increasing the number of classrooms and facilities at each affected school.
3.7 DOE SCHOOL SITE SELECTION CRITERIA
Once the decision has been made to build a school, DOE follows specific parameters to evaluate new school sites. Although these criteria are examined for all new school development, DOE asserts school planning is a case-by-case analysis which is highly responsive to local conditions. DOE staff verified the school siting criteria shown below in Table 3-37.
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Table 3-37 DOE School Site Selection Criteria
Site Selection Guidelines Explanation
Parcel Size Elementary: 12 acres Intermediate: 18 acres High School: 50 acres
Parcel Shape The length to width ratio of the site should not exceed 2.5:1.
Tsunami Risk The site should not be in a tsunami inundation zone as established by an authorized agency recognized by the State of Hawai‘i.
Flood Risk The site should not be in a major flood zone if adequate drainage provisions cannot be made at reasonable cost.
Landslide Risk The site should not be located within a known or potential landslide area.
Traffic Impacts The site should not be located in hazardous area from the standpoint of pedestrian and traffic safety unless adequate safety provisions can be made.
Timing of Construction The acquisition of the site should be possible early enough to allow enough construction time to meet DOE's scheduled school opening date.
School Location The site should be within the ultimate service area. This entails that students should be drawn from within a certain radius of the school. It is inappropriate to determine a maximum or minimum radius for Maui schools, due to the rural nature of the island. In many cases residential areas are low density, and highly dispersed, making it difficult to determine a standard radius criterion.
Displacements The site should be obtained without mass relocation of families.
Preservation of Historic School The acquisition and development of a site should be such that buildings Buildings or sites designated as deserving of preservation by the Historic Building Task Force or the Bishop Museum will not be destroyed.
Other Factors Additional factors considered in school siting include minimum noise levels; adequate pedestrian, vehicle and public transport access; safety for student activities; and assessment of ambient environmental factors such as exposure to heat, glare and storms.
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3-34 SECTION 4 LIBRARY FACILITIES
4.1 OVERVIEW
The Hawaii State Public Library System (HSPLS) has direct responsibility for public libraries within Maui County. The HSPLS includes a number of services and facilities available to residents.
This section focuses on facilities required to support existing and projected neighborhood requirements for library services. This study is limited to the supply and demand for library facilities and does not attempt to address the quality of services provided by the Public Library System.
4.2 SUMMARY OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
In 1981, the Hawaii State Legislature passed Act 150, which placed the public libraries under the direct control of the Board of Education and changed the name of the Office of Library Services to the Hawaii State Library System (HSLS) and subsequently to its current name, the HSPLS. There are currently 49 libraries in the HSPLS. There are eight (8) libraries serving Maui County.
Table 4-1 lists current libraries in Maui County. Figure 4-1 shows their current location and service area.
“Book circulation per capita” is the annual number of books borrowed per person in the State of Hawaii. This rate was 5.2 books per capita in 1980. The total annual HSPLS circulation of all books in fiscal year 1989-90 was 6,225,000 items or approximately 5.5 books per capita. In 2000 the annual book circulation was estimated at 3.14 books per capita or 6.9 million books put into circulation. In a study conducted by HSPLS of sixteen mainland library systems with population similar to Hawaii’s, four had a circulation of all holdings greater than the HSPLS, and twelve had circulations per capita of less than the HSPLS of 3.14 items per year. Table 4-1 Library Facilities - County of Maui Size of Population Name Location TMK Year Built Facility Served -2005 Wailuku Library 251 High Street 3-4-007-008 1929 10,075 20,751* Kahului Library 900 School Street 3-7-005-024 1963 16,070 20,751* Lahaina Library 680 Wharf Street 4-6-001-007 1956 4,908 17,967 Makawao Library 1159 Makawao Ave 2-4-031-007 1969 5,632 33,437** Kihei Library 35 Waimahaihai 3-9-012-036 1996 15,500 22,870 Hana Library Hana Highway 1-3-006-008 1984 6,309 1,867 Lanai Library 555 Fraser Avenue 4-9-006-015 1975 6,316 4,243 Molokai Library P.O. Box 395 5-3-005-012 1937 3,627 8,131 Ala Malama Source: Hawaii Public Library System, 1991, amended 2002 Notes: * Wailuku-Kahului resident population split 50:50 ** Paia-Haiku resident population added to Makawao
4-1 4.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
4.3.1 HSPLS Facility Policies
The following are facility planning policies utilized by the HSPLS:
a. HSPLS facilities should be planned on a 20-year time frame.
b. Library needs are based on a uniform standard of 0.6 gross square feet(gsf) per capita so that libraries are distributed equitably throughout the State. This ratio is based on prevailing ratios of comparable library systems. Every person in Hawaii will be deemed as being served by one, and only one, branch library.
c. Libraries should be large enough to house minimum core spaces, plus user areas. This minimum size is about 5,000 gsf, which can house 15,000 volumes and serve a population of 8,300.
d. Libraries should be located so that they are conveniently accessible for most of Hawaii’s population. Library locations are based on 10 minutes driving time at mid-day or 2 road miles for urban Honolulu and 20 minutes driving time at midday or 10 road miles outside this area.
e. There should be at least one resource collection of 150,000 or more volumes within one hour of most of the population on the four main islands.
f. Services should be very similar at all branch libraries with some differences due to particular clientele.
g. The HSPLS should not establish additional public and school libraries and should phase out most existing public and school libraries over time by providing those services through separate public libraries.
h. The HSPLS should continue and accelerate the use of “Library Without Walls” concepts such as books by mail, dial-in access to on-line services, and faxed information.
i. The design and appearance of existing libraries should be improved to provide an optimum environment for library services.
j. The improvement of libraries to meet minimum health and safety requirements should be of the highest priority.
k. Facilities should incorporate space saving design and flexible furnishing, and upgraded electrical and telecommunications systems to accommodate new information technologies.
l. The HSPLS must improve the physical environment for its staff and users so that they are comfortable and productive.
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4-3 4.3.2 Development Criteria for Future Facilities
The criteria for the development of future facilities are presented in Table 4-2. Criteria include: the size of the facility is based on 0.6 gsf per capita with the minimum size of the facility being 5,000 gsf, which is the equivalent space of 0.6 gsf multiplied by 8,300 persons. New facilities will be sited within 10 road miles or 20 minutes driving time of its service population.
The space requirements were developed using the following steps.
Action Data Source
Step 1 Assess existing space Provided by HSPLS
Step 2 Assemble population forecasts Provided by Maui County (July 2006)
Step 3 Calculate surplus or deficit Derived: population x .6 = space required minus existing space
Step 4 Analysis Derived: If space required more than existing space no improvements required. If space is less than required, but less than 8,300 gsf, then renovations may be proposed. If the space required is greater than 8,300 gsf, a new facility may be warranted.
Table 4-2 Branch Library Development Criteria No. Min. Pop. Driving Facility Area Min. Size Volumes Served Distance Travel Time
Branch Library 0.6 gsf per 5,000 s.f. 15,000 8,300 10 road 20 minutes capita miles of 90% of population Source: Hawaii State Library System and Dept. of Accounting and General Services Notes: gsf = gross square feet; s.f.= square feet
4.3.3 Summary of Findings
Existing Library Facilities. Figure 4-1 illustrates the existing coverage of the public libraries within 10-mile radii of each facility. The map is an illustration of general coverage and does not necessarily represent the 10-mile driving distance. Generally, residents are served by one or more library facility. Table 4-3 summarizes facility requirement for each of the existing libraries based on actual 2000 space allocation and 2030 resident population forecast. The forecast of space needs are shown in the sections that follow. Table 4-4 summarizes the facility deficiencies as evaluated by the HSPLS.
4-4 Table 4-3 Library Facility Analysis Summary Extg. Space 2030 2030 Allowed 2030 Surplus- Existing Facility (s.f.) Pop. Space (s.f.) (Deficit) (s.f.) Wailuku Library* 10,075 35,611 21,367 (11,292) Kahului Library* 16,070 35,611 21,367 (5,297) Lahaina Library 4,908 28,903 17,342 (12,434) Makawao Library 5,632 30,880 18,528 (12,896) Kihei Library 15,500 38,757 23,254 (7,754) Hana Library 6,309 2,626 1,576 4,733 Lanai Library 6,316 4,901 2,941 3,375 Molokai Library 3,627 8,395 5,037 (1,410) Notes: s.f. = square feet Allowed Space = 0.6 x population * Wailuku-Kahului population split 50:50 for space determination.
Table 4-4 Summary of Existing Deficiencies (Reported by HSPLS) Facility Space Deficiency Recommendation Hana Library 0 No Action Wailuku Library 8,000 gsf Recommend new 18,000 gsf facility - site to be determined Kahului Library 5,386 gsf Expand existing facility Lahaina Library 8,200 gsf Replace existing with new facility of 13,000 gsf - site to be determined Lanai Library 0 No action Makawao Library 11,064 gsf Construction new 12,000 gsf facility or replace existing with 17,000 gsf facility - site to be determined Kihei Library 3,100-4,100 gsf Construct new facility - site to be determined Molokai Library 2,100 gsf Replace existing with new facility of 5,700 gsf - site to be determined Source: Hawaii State Public Library System
4.4 MAUI LIBRARY FACILITIES
4.4.1 HANA COMMUNITY PLAN REGION 4.4.1.1 Existing System Demand Framework. The Hana Community Plan Region is characterized as a stable rural community. This community plan area covers a large geographic region on Maui. The largest concentration of population is in the town of Hana. Smaller concentrations are found to the north and south of Hana.
Characteristics. The existing Hana Library is integrated with the Hana School. The library is 6,309 square feet. The location of the facility is shown on Figure 4-1 and detailed in Table 4-1.
4-5 4.4.1.2 Assessment of Existing System Problems and Limitations. Figure 4-1 shows an analysis of the coverage provided by the existing library. That analysis indicates large geographic areas which do not have adequate library support. According to HSPLS standards, the level of support is further reduced because the road system in the area does not lend itself to quick travel. In addition, the area is not served by a public transportation system.
Opportunities. The area is not planned for any new facilities. However, the existing library facility is targeted for renovation. 4.4.1.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements Table 4-5 shows that the Hana area has a 2030 facility space surplus of 4,733 gross square feet based on the forecasted population. Table 4-5 Hana Library Facility Requirements Resident Pop. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 1,867 1,998 2,118 2,236 2,362 2,493 2,626 Allowed Space Requirements ( gross square feet) Hana Library 6309.0 1198.8 1270.8 1341.6 1417.2 1495.8 1575.6 Space Surplus (Deficit) sf 5110.2 5038.2 4967.4 4891.8 4813.2 4733.4 Notes: sf = square feet; Allowed Space = 0.6 x population
4.4.2 KIHEI-MAKENA COMMUNITY PLAN REGION 4.4.2.1 Existing System Demand Framework. This area is one of the fastest growing areas in the island. Residential population growth is increasing and is putting pressure on existing facilities to upgrade and provide more coverage.
Characteristics. Kihei-Makena area is served by a single facility located in the central part of Kihei, as detailed in Table 4-1 and on Figure 4-1. The Kihei Library is in the heart of Kihei, near the Kihei Fire Station. The library serves all of Kihei, the Wailea area, and the Ma‘alaea communities. The 2000 population in the area is 22,870. The southern boundary is approximately at the end of Wailea Ala Nui Street. The northern end of Kihei is also within the service area of the Kahului Library. 4.4.2.2 Assessment of Existing System Problems and Limitations. Figure 4-1 shows an analysis of the coverage provided by existing libraries. This figure indicates that most of the Community Plan region is served by an existing library. The Makena area of the district, however, falls outside of the Kihei Library service radius.
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4.4.2.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements Table 4-6 shows that the area has a 2030 facility deficit of 7,754 gsf. The deficit can be accommodated by a renovation to the existing facility. Table 4-6 Kihei-Makena Library Facility Requirements Resident Pop. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 22,870 25,609 28,114 30,597 33,227 35,962 38,757 Allowed Space Requirements ( gross square feet) Kihei Library 15500.0 15365.4 16868.4 18358.2 19936.2 21577.2 23254.2 Space Surplus (Deficit) sf 134.6 (1368.4) (2858.2) (4436.2) (6077.2) (7754.2) Notes: sf = square feet; Allowed Space = 0.6 x population
4.4.3 LAHAINA COMMUNITY PLAN REGION 4.4.3.1 Existing System Demand Framework. The Lahaina Community Plan region is a highly popular tourist destination on Maui and one of the fastest growing areas in the islands. Residential growth is putting increasing pressure on library facilities to upgrade and provide wider geographic coverage.
Characteristics. There is one public library serving this Community Plan Region, as detailed in Table 4-1 and on Figure 4-1. The Lahaina Public Library is located along Front Street at Wharf Street in the heart of old Lahaina town. The existing facility is 4,908 gsf and serves all of west Maui from Olowalu to Kapalua. 4.4.3.2 Assessment of Existing System Problems and Limitations. Figure 4-1 shows an analysis of the coverage provided by the existing library. This figure indicates that areas beyond Kapalua are not adequately served by the existing Lahaina library because of distance and travel time.
Opportunities. According to HSPLS current plans call for the existing library to be replaced with a new 13,000 gsf facility at a new location to be determined. 4.4.3.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements Table 4-7 shows that the area has a 2030 library space deficit of 9,937 gsf. This amount exceeds the standard 8,300 gsf required for a new branch library. Any new facility will provide approximately the same coverage unless it is located further north closer to Kaanapali.
4-7 Table 4-7 Lahaina Library Facility Requirements Resident Pop. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 17,967 19,852 21,577 23,286 25,096 26,979 28,903 Allowed Space Requirements ( gross square feet) Lahaina Library 4908.0 11911.2 12946.2 13971.6 15057.6 16187.4 17341.8 Space Surplus (Deficit) sf (7003.2) (8038.2) (9063.6) (10149.6) (11279.4) (12433.8) Notes: sf = square feet; Allowed Space = 0.6 x population
4.4.4 MAKAWAO-PUKALANI-KULA COMMUNITY PLAN REGION 4.4.4.1 Existing System Demand Framework. This region is the upcountry area of Maui Island. Apart from Pukalani and Makawao, most of the district is rural or agricultural in nature and is relatively remote from populated areas such as Wailuku and Kahului. Future projections show a steady increase in population.
Characteristics. One public library currently serves this Community Plan Region, as shown in Table 4-1 and on Figure 4-1. The Makawao Public Library is located on Makawao Avenue near the Baldwin Avenue junction. Its service boundaries include all of the Community Plan Region, and the eastern portion of the Paia-Hai‘ku Plan area around upper Ha‘iku. 4.4.4.2 Assessment of Existing System Problems and Limitations. Figure 4-1 shows an analysis of the coverage provided by the existing branch library given the 10.0-mile service radii. The 10-mile radius standard incorporates parts of eastern Makawao and Hali‘imaile, all of Pukalani and Kula and portions of southern Haleakala.
Opportunities. The major opportunity for this Community Plan Region is the planning of a new facility in the Pukalani area that will cover the library needs of residents in the southern portion of the planning area. 4.4.4.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements Table 4-8 shows that the area has a space deficit of 12,896 gsf. This amount is more than the 8,300 gsf required for a new branch library. In addition, the existing library will be renovated and expanded. Table 4-8 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Library Facility Requirements Resident Pop. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 21,571 23,176 24,644 26,098 27,640 29,243 30,880 Allowed Space Requirements ( gross square feet) Makawao Library 5632.0 13905.6 14786.4 15658.8 16584.0 17545.8 18528.0 Space Surplus (Deficit) sf (8273.6) (9154.4) (10026.8) (10952.0) (11913.8) (12896.0) Notes: sf = square feet; Allowed Space = 0.6 x population
4-8 4.4.5 PAIA-HAI‘KU COMMUNITY PLAN REGION 4.4.5.1 Existing System Demand Framework. The Paia-Hai‘ku Community Plan Region is a linear community with most of the population located along the Hana Highway. The main concentration of residents is located in Paia.
Characteristics. There are no library facilities in this community plan region. Service is provided by the Kahului Library, located approximately 10 miles away and the Makawao Library located approximately 7 miles away. 4.4.5.2 Assessment of Existing System Problems and Limitations. Figure 4-1 shows the location of libraries servicing this area. The figure indicates that most of the populated areas are covered by either the Kahului Library or the Makawao Library. There are no additional library facilities planned for the Paia-Hai‘ku Community Plan Region. 4.4.5.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements The 2030 resident population projected for the Paia-Hai‘ku region is 13,863 persons. Based on this population level, the community plan region would qualify for a branch library. Applying the space standard, the 2030 population projection indicates a need for a 8,318 gsf facility. See Table 4-9. This amount is more that the 8,300 square feet required for a branch library. Table 4-9 Paia Library Facility Requirements Resident Pop. 2000.0 2005.0 2010.0 2015.0 2020.0 2025 2030 11,866 12,210 12,525 12,837 13,168 13,512 13,863 Allowed Space Requirements ( gross square feet) Paia Library 0.0 7326.0 7515.0 7702.2 7900.8 8107.2 8317.8 Space Surplus (Deficit) sf (7326.0) (7515.0) (7702.2) (7900.8) (8107.2) (8317.8) Notes: sf = square feet; Allowed Space = 0.6 x population 4.4.6 WAILUKU - KAHULUI COMMUNITY PLAN REGION 4.4.6.1 Existing System Demand Framework. The Wailuku-Kahului area is the population and commercial center of Maui. Current and future land use development patterns indicate that commercial, business and residential activity will continue to increase in this area resulting in additional demands placed on library facilities.
Characteristics. There are two public libraries serving this Community Plan Region, as shown in Table 4-1 and Figure 4-1. The first is the Wailuku Public Library on High Street. Its service area includes the western portions of the plan area which includes 35,611 persons (50% of the 2030 population of Wailuku and Kahului). The second is the Kahului Public Library, which opened in 1963. This facility serves 36,611 persons in the Kahului, Pu‘unene, and Paia communities. 4.4.6.2 Assessment of Existing System Problems and Limitations. Figure 4-1 shows an analysis of the coverage provided by existing
4-9 libraries based on the 10.0-mile service radius. All areas of this region are served by one or both libraries.
Opportunities. One of the goals of the HSPLS is to have a resource library on each of the major islands. Either the Kahului or Wailuku Library could serve this function in the future.
4.4.6.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements
Table 4-10 summarize facility requirements for this Community Plan Region. Based on an assessment by the HSPLS, the combined Kahului and Wailuku libraries have a 2030 deficit of 16,589 gsf. The HSPLS recommends the development of a new 18,000 gsf facility in the future. Table 4-10 Wailuku-Kahului Library Facility Requirements Resident Pop. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 41,503 46,626 51,312 55,957 60,877 65,995 71,223 Allowed Space Requirements ( gross square feet) Wailuku Library 10,075 13,988 15,394 16,787 18,263 19,799 21,367 Kahului Library 16,070 13,988 15,394 16,787 18,263 19,799 21,367 Space Surplus (Deficit) sf (1,831) (4,642) (7,429) (10,381) (13,452) (16,589) Notes: sf = square feet; Allowed Space = 0.6 x population
4.5 LANA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION
4.5.1 Existing System
Demand Framework. The Lana‘i Community Plan Region encompasses all of the island of Lanai. The Lanai community has a single public library located in Lana‘i City on Fraser Avenue. The existing facility is 6,316 gsf.
Characteristics. The public library that serves this Community Plan Region is detailed in Table 4-1 and shown on Figure 4-1. The existing facility was constructed in 1975.
4.5.2 Assessment of Existing System
Problems and Limitations. Figure 4-1 shows an analysis of the coverage provided by the existing library. This figure indicates that most of the populated areas on the island are served by the existing facility.
Opportunities. The existing facility is proposed to be renovated.
4.5.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements
The projected population growth for the Lana‘i community does not indicate a need for an additional library. See Table 4-11.
4-10 Table 4-11 Lana‘i Library Facility Requirements Resident Pop. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 3,193 3,452 3,735 4,046 4,308 4,598 4,901 Allowed Space Requirements ( gross square feet) Lanai Library 6316.0 2071.2 2241.0 2427.6 2584.8 2758.8 2940.6 Space Surplus (Deficit) sf 4244.8 4075.0 3888.4 3731.2 3557.2 3375.4 Notes: sf = square feet; Allowed Space = 0.6 x population
4.6 MOLOKA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION
4.6.1 Existing System
Demand Framework. The Moloka‘i Community Plan Region encompasses all of the island of Moloka‘i. The Moloka‘i community has a single public library located in Kaunakakai on Ala Malama Street. The existing facility is 3,627 gsf.
Characteristics. The Moloka‘i Library characteristics are detailed in Table 4-1 and shown on Figure 4-1. The existing facility was constructed in 1937.
4.6.2 Assessment of Existing System
Problems and Limitations. Figure 4-1 shows an analysis of the coverage provided by the existing library. This figure indicates that large areas on the east and west ends of the island are not being served by the existing facility. The area outside the 10-mile service area does not have sufficient population to warrant a branch library.
Opportunities. The existing library is proposed to be replaced, subject to a new site being available. The new facility will be sized based on population forecasts.
4.6.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements
Table 4-12 shows that Moloka‘i has a library space deficit of 1,410 gsf. The new library is proposed to be located in Kaunakakai. Table 4-12 Molokai Library Facility Requirements Resident Pop. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 7,404 7,127 7,276 7,542 7,772 8,068 8,395 Allowed Space Requirements ( gross square feet) Molokai Library 3627.0 4276.2 4365.6 4525.2 4663.2 4840.8 5037.0 Space Surplus (Deficit) sf (649.2) (738.6) (898.2) (1036.2) (1213.8) (1410.0) Notes: sf = square feet; Allowed Space = 0.6 x population
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SECTION 5 RECREATION
5.1 OVERVIEW
This section focuses on public parks and park facilities provided for Maui County's communities. The study does not attempt to address the quality of services, operations or maintenance provided by the County of Maui, Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR).
The study focuses exclusively on parks and park facilities owned and operated by the County of Maui. Private parks, golf courses, State Parks, and National Parks are not included. The State and National Parks are excluded because these parks serve functions beyond recreational uses, such as resource protection. Finally, the acreage of these parks, if included in a Community Plan Region’s total park land, would skew community recreation needs.
5.2 PARK PLANNING
5.2.1 Types of Parks in Maui County
The word “park” is used to describe the land set aside for recreation and open space use. The types of parks included in this analysis are usually defined in terms of the following:
• Size, or the minimum area for the type of park; • Service population, or the number of people generally served by a type of park; • Service area, or the radius of the area served by the park; • Necessary facilities, or the types of amenities that must be provided for a particular type of park; and • Desirable facilities, or park facilities that are provided to meet specific community needs. Table 5-1 presents standards for park planning for the five basis types of parks: Mini Parks, Neighborhood Parks, District/Community Parks, Regional Parks, and Special-Use Parks. The following are descriptions of these park types.
Mini Parks are the basic unit of recreation. They provide passive park space for a "sub- neighborhood" area. Facilities are designed to meet the needs of all age groups, whether as a quiet place, green back-drop, tot-lot play area, or central meeting place. The ideal size of a mini park is about 1.5 acres, an area large enough to accommodate informal ball games. Neighborhood Parks are areas larger than mini parks, but with many similar uses. With a moderate size of about 2 to 10 acres, the neighborhood park is able to accommodate many of the active recreational needs of a neighborhood, including ball fields, informal play areas and sports courts. Incorporated around the active uses are opportunities for passive recreation (e.g., picnicking) and space for spectators.
5-1
Table 5-1 Proposed County of Maui Park Planning Standards Sub - Regional Parks Standard Mini Parks Neighborhood District/Community Regional Special-Use Parks Parks Parks Parks
Area per 1,000 2 acres 4 acres 4 acres 15 acres As needed persons
Service Population* N/A 500-2,500 2,500-10,000 25,000+ --
Ideal Size (Acres) 1.5 4 - 10 15 - 20 100+ N/A
Range (acres) .5 - 1.5 2 - 10 10 - 40 40+ N/A
Service Area 1/4 - ½ mile ½ - 1 mile 10 - 30 minutes travel 1 hour travel Island-wide radius radius time time
Necessary Shelter Restrooms Restrooms Restrooms N/A Facilities Shelter Shelter Shelter
Desirable Open Space Open Space Open Space Open Space Facilities Tot Lot Tot Lots Tot Lots Tot Lots (May be adjusted Picnic Table 1 Softball 1 Baseball Ball Fields to meet community 2 Softball needs) 2 Basketball 3-4 Basketball Ball Courts 2 Volleyball 3-4 Volleyball Picnic Tables 4-6 Tennis Tennis Courts Picnic Tables Picnic Tables Rec. Center Rec. Center Parking Parking Gym Gym Pool Pool Source: Adapted from National Parks and Recreation Association, Urban Land Institute, and City and County of Honolulu. Service Population = resident population Community or District Parks complement all other parks within a community, and provide for more diverse active recreation. The size of a community or district park is generally about 15 to 20 acres, and may include indoor and outdoor facilities. Because it provides more facilities (both in number and type) than smaller park types, the community or district park is generally in greater demand by a larger population. Consequently, plans for community or district parks should include adequate parking arrangements.
Regional Parks provide recreational activities that may not be available at community-level or smaller parks. Multi-purpose regional parks widen the diversity of recreational opportunities in the park system. Due to the size of their population base, regional parks should be no less than 40 acres, and are ideally 100 to 150 acres.
Special-Use Parks include areas such as beaches, zoos, golf courses, preserves and historic monuments. Special-use parks serve a regional or islandwide populace because their activities or points of interest are tied to a specific location. Space and facility standards for special-use parks are dependent on the nature of the resources or attractions they offer.
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5.2.2 Types of Park Facilities in Maui County
“Park Facilities” refer to physical improvements within parks, such as playground equipment, sports fields, swimming pools, courts and community centers. The following describes park facilities that are owned and operated by the County of Maui in existing parks.
Sports Fields are areas specifically leveled and prepared for competition-level games such football, soccer, softball, and baseball. Community preferences, and changes in demand for existing park facilities, should determine the development of fields specially prepared for particular sports.
Tennis Courts are courts designed for tennis, including net facilities within a fenced enclosure.
Sports Courts are courts for basketball and volleyball playing and are generally unsuitable for tennis.
Tot Lots (comparable to mini parks) provide swings, playground equipment, sand pits, play enclosures, and other play equipment designed for young children.
Multipurpose Fields offer grassed areas where people can play games at an informal level, e.g. frisbee throwing, volleyball, soccer and “tag” football. These grounds are not formally prepared or suited for competitive games.
Special Areas or Facilities can include beach parks, golf courses, bicycle motor cross facilities, horse shoe pits, skateboard ramps, skating rinks, gateball courts, or school facilities. Special areas and facilities are generally developed on a case-by-case basis, based on local recreational needs and community preferences.
5.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
5.3.1 Comparison of Park Planning Standards
The existing parks in the County of Maui are managed by three levels of government - County, State and Federal - as well as private and semi-public organizations. Table 5-2 compares three sets of park planning standards. It also recommends standards for use by the County of Maui to evaluate the adequacy of the existing supply of park lands and forecast demand for future parks.
The standards were obtained from:
• Department of Parks and Recreation, City and County of Honolulu (1980); • Department of Parks and Recreation, County of Maui, Open Space and Outdoor Recreation Plan (2002); • National Recreation and Parks Association (NHPA, 2000).
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Table 5-2 Park Facility Planning Standards - Population Per Facility Type of Facility Honolulu Maui NHPA Recommended Sports Fields (includes soccer, football, baseball 2,000 10,000 6,000 2,000 and softball)
Tennis Courts 4,000 1,500 1,000 1,500
Sports Courts 1,250 n/a 500 1,250 (Includes volleyball, basketball)
Tot Lots (with playground equipment) 5,000 n/a n/a 5,000
Community Centers 10,000 n/a 25,000 10,000
Gymnasium 25,000 n/a n/a 25,000
Golf Courses(Public) n/a n/a 50,000 50,000
Swimming Pools n/a n/a 25,000 25,000 Notes: Suggested facility rates are based on the lower of Maui standards or Honolulu standards, as applicable.
5.3.2 Projection of Future Demand
Table 5-3 below outlines the methodology used to evaluate current parks and facilities and forecast the need for future improvements.
5.4 EXISTING PARKS AND PARK FACILITIES
5.4.1 Maui County Overview
Maui County has a mix of sub-regional, special-use and regional level parks. These include a total 769.73 acres of sub-regional parks and 334 acres of regional parks. These totals exclude State parks (e.g. Makena State Park), private or national parks (e.g. Haleakala National Park, a federally owned and operated park).1 Existing parks owned and operated by the County of Maui contain the following facilities: 99 Sports Fields 47 Tennis Courts 38 Sports Courts 32 Tot Lots 20 Community Centers 17 Swimming pools 9 Gyms 6 Skateboard facilities 3 Gateball facilities
1 Private parks are not included because their usage is not regulated by the County of Maui. State and national parks are excluded because they serve uses beyond recreation, e.g. natural area preserves. If the acreage of private, State and national parks were included in the computation of park land, it would skew the area of responsibility of the County of Maui, Department of Parks and Recreation. 5-4
Table 5-3 Future Demand Methodology # Step Analysis
1 Assemble a list of parks that are publicly Given. owned and operated and inventory their facilities, size and location. State, National, and private parks to be separated from those under the jurisdiction of the County.
2 Sort the parks by size and Community Plan Create spreadsheet. Region.
3 Associate each existing park with an Utilize the park planning parameters in Table 5-1 to appropriate park type. determine an appropriate model.
4 Perform a “regional analysis” of all parks Using the standard for regional parks of 15 acres per that are large enough to serve an island- 1,000 persons (Table 5-2), calculate the regional park wide area. acreage needed in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 & 2030 for each Community Plan Region. Caveat: Due to the specialized needs of these parks, it is inappropriate to suggest an ideal size or mix of park types. Population base for calculations are the regions defacto population. State, National Parks and private parks are not included in the calculation.
5 Perform a “sub-regional analysis” for all Aggregate and assess all sub-regional parks according parks at or below 40 acres (District Park to their contribution to community needs relative to their size, Table 5-1) size. Using the standard of 10 acres of park space per 1,000 persons (aggregate of sub-regional park standards from Table 5-2), calculate the sub-regional park acreage needed in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 & 2030 for each Community Plan Region.
In addition, the County has the following State Parks (by districts): State Parks CP District Area (ac.) Hale Ki‘i Heiau Wailuku 10.20 Pala‘au Moloka‘i 233.70 Kaumahina Hana 7.80 Makena Kihei 164.40 Iao Valley Wailuku 6.20 Wainapanapa Hana 122.10 Polipoli Springs Makawao-Kula 10.00 Pua‘a Kaa Wayside Park Hana 5.00 Total Acres 559.40
In addition, Haleakalā National Park adds an additional 24,719 acres of land to the recreation inventory of the County.
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5.4.2 Methodology for Projecting Future Park Needs
Table 5-4 presents the relative space, in acres, for all parks currently owned and/or operated by the County of Maui. The table also shows whether or not the total number of acres available meets or exceeds the appropriate park standard of 10 acres per 1,000 persons (aggregate) for sub-regional parks. The analysis is based on the region’s defacto population and assumes a usage potential and impact created by visitors. The data presented in Table 5-4 currently suggest that for all but one community plan region, there is currently a deficit of 1,106.1 acres in park space based on 2006 defacto population. Table 5-4 Summary of Existing Park Area (Acres) County of Maui
Defacto Sub-Regional Surplus Existing Area Population Park Area (Deficit) Community Plan Region Acres 2005 Needed (1) Acres (4) Hana 28.7 2,233 22.3 6.4 Paia-Haiku 109.7 12,256 122.6 -12.9 Kihei-Makena 114.2 45,056 450.6 -336.4 Lahaina (3) 124.8 44,701 447.0 -322.2 Lanai 15.4 4,587 45.9 -30.5 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 118.4 23,195 232.0 -113.7 Molokai 72.97 7,826 78.3 -5.3 Wailuku-Kahului (2) 185.6 47,706 477.1 -291.5 Total 769.7 187,560 1,875.6 -1,106.1 Notes: (1) Sub-Regional Park area = (2006 pop. / 1,000 * 10). (2) Wailuku-Kahului area does not include 334 acres of the Maui Central Park and Waiehu Golf Course. (3) Lahaina area does not include the 84.1 acres of the Ukumehame Firing Range. (4) Surplus/deficit = existing minus area needed
5.4.3 Park Facility Types
Table 5-5 provides a key to park types used in the tables in the following sections. Table 5-5 Park Type Key BP = Beach Park GC = Golf Course SF = Sport Field
CC = Community Center MP = Mini Park SK = Skate Park
CP = Community Park NP = Neighborhood Park SP = Swimming Pool
DC = District Complex RP = Regional Park SUP = Special Use Park
G = Gym SA = Special Area TL = Tot Lot
GB = Gateball Court SC = Sport Court
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The following sections discuss parks and park planning in each Community Plan Region.
5.5 MAUI PARK ANALYSIS
5.5.1 Hana Community Plan Region
5.5.1.1 Assessment of the Existing System Hana has a well developed park system, with over 28.7 acres of sub-regional park land. Due to the linear nature of the community (residing mainly along the shoreline) most of the parks are within the coastal strip, and quite accessible to the community's residents. Figure 5-1 shows the locations of the region's recreational facilities.
The sub-regional park system in the Hana area consists of 13 parks. Most of the parks exist at the neighborhood park level. The community currently has access to 2 tennis courts, 2 sports fields and 1 sports courts, in addition to the many supplemental facilities that are provided by the Hana School Complex.
Table 5-6 estimates that at a standard of 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 people, Hana does not need additional park land until 2030. Despite the overall facility and community- oriented park needs of this community, there is still land area available that is more than adequate to accommodate any existing and future park and facility development. The large numbers of shoreline access points within this area provide an excellent addition to the public facilities, but should not be used to replace the need for public park space.
5.5.1.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements Need for Park Space. Table 5-6 forecasts that, given a standard of 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 people, the Hana region needs an additional 6.4 acres of community oriented park space over the next twenty-five (2005-2030) years to meet its needs for recreation space.
Need for Park Facilities. This community is expected to grow by approximately 618 persons by 2030. As shown in Table 5-7, during this time the existing community recreational facilities will need to be supplemented by a sport court. The community and the Department of Parks and Recreation should jointly plan park development and facility siting to meet the Hana community’s expected requirements for recreational facilities.
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Table 5-6 Hana Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis
Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Defacto Population 2,233 2,358 2,479 2,605 2,737 2,871 Extg. Existing Park (Name) Park Type Tax Map Key Acres Acres Required Hana School Park SF 2-1-4-006-021 4.1 Old Hana School Park CC 2-1-4-006-001 1.3 Hana Beach Park BP 2-1-4-004-032 0.5 Old Hana School Complex CC 2-1-4-004-030 1.9
Old Hana School Complex CC 2-1-4-004-033 1.2
Old Hana School Complex CC 2-1-4-004-003 1.6 Helene Hall CC 2-1-4-004-034 0.3
Honomanu Park BP 2-1-1-001-003 8.9 Honomanu Park BP 2-1-1-001-002 0.7 Keanae Park NP 2-1-1-003-001 4.1 Keanae School Park NP 2-1-1-007-006 1.9 Kipahulu Pt. Light Station SUP 2-1-6-007-023 1.1 Paanimai Park NP 2-1-4-006-025 1.1 Total Acres 28.7 Service Std Acres/1,000 22.3 23.6 24.8 26.1 27.4 28.7 Additional Park Space = Surplus (Deficit) (acres) 6.4 5.1 3.9 2.7 1.3 0.0 Source: Population data: County of Maui Planning Department, July 2006 Notes: Standard is based upon 10 acres of sub-regional park space per thousand resident population.
Table 5-7 Park Facilities Assessment Hana Recommended and Additional Needs
Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Defacto 2,233 2,358 2,479 2,605 Population 2,737 2,871 Pop. Facility Standard Extg. Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Tennis Courts 1,500 2 -0.5 1.6 -0.4 1.7 -0.3 1.7 -0.3 1.8 -0.2 1.9 -0.1 Tot Lots 5,000 1 -0.6 0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.6 -0.4 Sports Fields 2,000 2 -0.9 1.2 -0.8 1.2 -0.8 1.3 -0.7 1.4 -0.6 1.4 -0.6 Sport Courts 1,250 1 0.8 1.9 0.9 2.0 1.0 2.1 1.1 2.2 1.2 2.3 1.3 Community Ctr. 10,000 2 -1.8 0.2 -1.8 0.2 -1.8 0.3 -1.7 0.3 -1.7 0.3 -1.7 Gym 25,000 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
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5.5.2 Kihei - Makena Community Plan Region
5.5.2.1 Assessment of the Existing System Kihei-Makena is a growing area with an increasing number of tourists and residents attracted to the region each year. The demand on public facilities will grow accordingly. Most parks within the area are located along the coast, and are mainly beach parks with few recreational facilities. Figures 5-2 and 5-3 show the locations of the region's recreational facilities. Over 90% of Kihei-Makena parks are either directly on a beach, or only separated from one by a road. Given the elongated outline of this community, and its superb shoreline, the placement of its parks within the coastal strip is not surprising.
The Kihei-Makena community has 4 sub-regional parks, reflecting the high resident and non- resident usage rate of its 10 more regionally-focused beach parks. In addition, the community has limited access to privately-owned parks and beaches due to the many resorts and hotels within the region.
The total county-owned, sub-regional park space is approximately 114.2 acres, with the bulk of the community's parks categorized as special-use beach parks. The current population of Kihei- Makena is not adequately served by its regional and special-use parks.
There are over 3.8 (121.2/31.44) acres of total park land per 1,000 residents in the community. Despite a relatively large ratio of park area to people in comparison to other communities, the Kihei-Makena communities have a deficit of park space as well as needed park facilities. In 2005, this Community Plan Region was already in need of 10 tennis courts and 4 sports courts and an additional 336.4 acres of park land (Table 5-8).
Despite the overall facility and community-oriented park needs of this community, there is still land area available that is more than adequate to accommodate any existing and future park and facility development. The overall linear nature of the district lends itself very well to providing facilities that are within a reasonable commuting or walking distance of residents. The large number of private parks, facilities and shoreline access points within this area provide an excellent addition to the public facilities, but do not replace the need for public use options.
5.5.2.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements Need for Park Space. Table 5-8 forecasts that at 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons, the Kihei-Makena region will need an additional 604.9 acres of community- oriented park space over the next twenty-five years. Beach park space was calculated at 40 square feet per person based on 2005 population. Projections for 2030 indicate a need for 66 acres of beach parks, 37 acres beyond the existing 28.8 acres.
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Table 5-8 Kihei-Makena Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis
Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Defacto Population 45,056 49,735 55,402 60,622 66,203 71,908 Existing Park Park Tax Map Key Acres Acres Required (Name) Type Required Cove Park BP 2-3-9-005-052 0.5 Charlie Young BP 2-3-9-005-032 5.2 Beach Po'olenalena Beach BP 2-2-1-007-084 4.8 Park
Kamaole Beach BP 2-3-9-005-029 2.2 Park II Kalepolepo Beach BP 2-3-9-001-147 1.5 Park, Lot 2-A
Kamaole Beach BP 2-3-9-005-030 3 Park I Kihei Comm Center CC 2-2-2-002-066 7 Keonekai Park NP 2-3-9-004-148 2.4 Kamaole Beach BP 2-3-9-004-048 5.8 Park III Kilohana Park NP 2-2-1-008-097 1.5 Kalama Beach Park DC 2-3-9-005-052 36 Kenolio Recreation CC 2-3-9-006-011 4.4 Complex
Kenolio Park CC 2-3-8-077-004 2.8 Haycraft Park BP 2-3-8-005-032 0.7 (Maalaea)
Ma Poina Oe Iau BP 2-3-9-001-025 5.3 Park Kihei Beach SA 2-3-9-001-001 20.2 Preserve Hale Piilani Park NP 2-3-8-004-031 2 Kihei Aquatic Center SP 2-2-2-002-066 2 Kilohana Park NP 2-2-1-008-098 5 Kamaole Point BP 2-3-9-005-003/004 1.9 TOTALS (Acres) 114.2 Service Stnd Acres/1,000 450.6 497.4 554.0 606.2 662.0 719.1 Persons Additional Park Space Needed (acres) -336.4 -383.2 -439.8 -492 -547.8 -604.9 Source: Population data: County of Maui Planning Department, July 2006 Notes: Standard is based upon 10 acres of sub-regional park space per thousand resident population
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Need for Park Facilities. By 2030, the defacto population of this community is projected to grow by 26,852. During this time the existing community recreational facilities (Table 5-9) will need to be supplemented by an additional 38 tennis courts and 54 sports courts. It may not be feasible to site many of these facilities at existing parks. However, exceptions have already been made, as in the case of Kalama Beach Park where the majority of the community's existing facilities are located. Many of the other beach parks are either too narrow or small to accommodate any facilities. Consequently, these additional facilities will have to be sited in the future parks that are required. Possible locations for such parks include a number of parcels sited along or near Pi‘ilani Highway, currently undeveloped, which are designated in the Kihei- Makena Community Plan as future park sites. Also, lands east of Pi‘ilani Highway considered for development should include sufficient land for recreation based on the projected population. The County is in the process of developing a 44 acre site near Kihei Elementary School. They plan to develop 6 sports fields and 1 gym, which will include community meetings rooms, by 2010. The County also has land banked a 150 acre parcel mauka of Kamali’i Elementary school which may be developed, or used as a trade for suitable park land in another area of the region.
Table 5-9 Park Facilities Assessment Kihei-Makena - Recommended and Additional Needs Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Defacto Population 45,056 49,735 55,402 60,622 66,203 71,908 Facility Pop. Extg Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Standard Tennis Courts 1,500 10 20.0 33.2 23.2 36.9 26.9 40.4 30.4 44.1 34.1 47.9 37.9 Tot Lots 5,000 3 6.0 9.9 6.9 11.1 8.1 12.1 9.1 13.2 10.2 14.4 11.4 Sports Fields 2,000 6 16.5 24.9 18.9 27.7 21.7 30.3 24.3 33.1 27.1 36.0 30.0 Sport Courts 1,250 4 32.0 39.8 35.8 44.3 40.3 48.5 44.5 53.0 49.0 57.5 53.5 Community Ctr. 10,000 2 2.5 5.0 3.0 5.5 3.5 6.1 4.1 6.6 4.6 7.2 5.2 Gym 25,000 0 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.9
5.5.3 Lahaina Community Plan Region
5.5.3.1 Assessment of the Existing System Lahaina has been the center of tourism in Maui for many years. Table 5-10 outlines the County park facilities in Lahaina. Figure 5-4 and Figure 5-5 show the locations of the region's recreational facilities.
Lahaina has a reasonably developed park system, with approximately 2.8 acres of sub-regional and special-use park land per 1,000 defacto population. Due to the linear nature of the community along the shoreline, most of the parks are within the coastal strip and are quite accessible to the community's residents.
The sub-regional park system in this area consists of 23 mostly neighborhood parks totaling 100.8 acres. The community currently has access to 9 tennis courts, 10 sports fields, 2 community centers and a gym, in addition to the many supplemental facilities offered by the 5-14 resorts in the area. Despite an abundance of park space, most parks are not provided with many facilities. This may be due to the fact that existing parks, especially those close to the shoreline, are designed to serve tourist and residential beach park requirements rather than overall community needs. Table 5-10 estimates that at a standard of 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons, in 2005 Lahaina had a shortfall of 322.2 acres of park space. This community also lacks additional facilities such as tennis courts, tot lots, sports fields, and sports courts.
Despite the overall facility and community-oriented park needs of this community, there is still land area available that is more than adequate to accommodate any existing and future park and facility development. The large number of private parks, facilities and shoreline access points at the resorts within this area provide an excellent addition to the public facilities, but should not be used to replace the need for public parks.
5.5.3.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements Need for Park Space. Table 5-10 forecasts that, given a standard of 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons, the Lahaina region needs an additional 497 acres of community oriented park space over the next twenty-five years. The community cannot rely on its abundance of beach and private park facilities, as these will be under increasing use by the rising numbers of visitors expected in the community.
In 2005 the County of Maui acquired approximately 100 acres in Ukumehame for open space and recreation purposes. Acquisition of this land will add to the inventory of beach parks and open space for passive recreation pursuits. In addition, access to the ocean will be enhanced for surfers, fishermen, and swimmers.
Need for Park Facilities. Based on expected growth of approximately 17,483 persons (defacto) by 2030, the existing community recreational facilities will need to be supplemented by an additional 33 tennis courts, 8 tot lots, 21 sports fields, 47 sports courts, and 4 community centers (Table 5-11). It may be infeasible to site many of these facilities at the existing regional beach parks due to their limited size or narrow width.
The planning of park development and facility siting to meet the expected community requirements should be determined by the community and the Maui Department of Parks and Recreation. Possible locations of future park sites include various sites in the Ka‘anapali and Kapalua areas designated for future park development in the Lahaina Community Plan, as well as the area east of Honoapi‘ilani Highway in the Lahaina area.
Land Use Plans. The Planning Department has initiated a land use redesignation program to increase the number of acres available for recreation and open space use. A total of 383 acres is being studied as a result of the County’s recently completed Pali to Puamana Parkway Master Plan (February 2005). Coupled with this program will be a land acquisition program. The program is currently examining the acquisition of land in Olowalu and Launiupoko. This program will be similar to the one undertaken in Ukumehame.
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Table 5-10 Lahaina Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis
Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Defacto Population 44,701 47,976 51,650 54,960 58,534 62,184 Existing Park (Name) Tax Map Key Park Area Acres Required Type
D.T. Fleming Beach Park 2-4-2-004-016 BP 3.4 Hanaka'o'o Beach Park 2-4-4-013-006/007 BP 4.8 Honokowai Beach Park 2-4-4-001-046 BP 3.2 Kelawea Mauka Park 2-4-5-034-043 NP 3.6 Kamehameha Brick 2-4-6-001-004 SA 0.5 Palace Kamehameha Iki Park 2-4-6-002-010 SUP 1.8 Lahaina Aquatic Center 2-4-6-012-005 CP 3 Lahaina Banyan Court 2-4-6-001-009 SA 1.9 Lahaina Civic Center 2-4-5-021-010 DC 20.6 Lahaina Rec. Ctr. Ballfield 2-4-6-012-005 CP 9.3 Lahaina Rec. Ctr II 2-4-6-015-001 (por) CP 13.7 Lahaina Youth Center 2-4-6-012-005 SUP 2 Launiupoko Park 2-4-7-001-017 BP 6.7 Malu 'Ulu Olele Park 2-4-6--007-002 SUP 8.4 Nakalele Pt. Light Station 2-4-1-001-014 SA 4.8 Napili Park 2-4-3-018-040/041 CP 11.34 Papalaua Wayside Park 2-4-8-002-041 BP 6.7 Paunau Terrace Park 2-4-6-026-040 NP 0.35 Pohaku Park 2-4-3-009-052 BP 1 Puamana Park 2-4-6-033-001 BP 1.4 Ainakea Park 2-4-5-027-001 NP 2.2 Ukumehame Beach Park 2-4-8-002-031 BP 3.8 Wahikuli Terrace Park 2-4-5-030-016/023 NP 2.01 Wahikuli Wayside Park 2-4-5-021-007 BP 8.3 Total Acres 124.8 Park Standard acres/1,000 persons 447.0 479.8 516.5 549.6 585.3 621.8 Additional Park Space Needed (acres) -322.2 -355.0 -391.7 -424.8 -460.5 -497.0 Ukumehame Firing Range 2-4-8-002-047 SA 84.1 Source: County of Maui Planning Department, July 2006 Notes: Standard is based on 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons
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Table 5-11 Park Facilities Assessment Lahaina - Recommended and Additional Needs Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 44,701 47,976 51,650 54,960 58,534 62,184 Defacto Population Facility Pop. Extg. Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Standard Tennis Courts 1,500 9 20.8 32.0 23.0 34.4 25.4 36.6 27.6 39.0 30.0 41.5 32.5 Tot Lots 5,000 4 4.9 9.6 5.6 10.3 6.3 11.0 7.0 11.7 7.7 12.4 8.4 Sports Fields 2,000 10 12.4 24.0 14.0 25.8 15.8 27.5 17.5 29.3 19.3 31.1 21.1 Sport Courts 1,250 3 32.8 38.4 35.4 41.3 38.3 44.0 41.0 46.8 43.8 49.7 46.7 Community Ctr. 10,000 2 2.5 4.8 2.8 5.2 3.2 5.5 3.5 5.9 3.9 6.2 4.2 Gym 25,000 1 0.8 1.9 0.9 2.1 1.1 2.2 1.2 2.3 1.3 2.5 1.5
Notes: In 2005, 2 tennis courts were built at Napili Park. By 2010, 4 more tennis courts will be built at Lahaina Civic Center. In 2005, a tot lot and a sports court were added at Napili Park.
5.5.4 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Community Plan Region
5.5.4.1 Assessment of the Existing System Despite its lack of an extensive park system in terms of acreage, the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Community provides its residents with a number of quality park facilities. Figures 5-6 and 5-7 show the locations of recreational facilities in the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula region. These parks and facilities are listed in Table 5-12 and Table 5-13, which provides a reference for the following section.
This area has 3 neighborhood parks and 10 district-community parks with a total of 118.3 acres. Further, this community has 6 tennis courts, 15 sports fields, 2 sports courts, 4 community centers and 3 gyms. The elementary, middle and high schools also have recreational space and facilities.
According to the analysis in Table 5-12, the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula community currently requires an additional 113.7 acres of park land to satisfy the recreational needs of the existing defacto population. In addition, facility standards indicate that the community has a deficit of 9 tennis courts and 16 sports courts.
A major limitation with the provision of park services for this community stems from its widely dispersed population centers, which often makes travel difficult to the larger park facilities. In some cases, residents have to travel to other districts to utilize regional facilities such as beaches and the public golf course. On the other hand, this community is close to large regional or special-use parks such as Haleakala National Park.
Due to the highly dispersed and low density nature of the region’s communities, there is still available space that could be acquired to support an upgraded park program. In addition, as communities grow, there is still opportunity for planners to determine areas that could be dedicated to park use to support the increasing population.
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5.5.4.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements Need for Park Space. At 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons, Table 5-12 shows that by the year 2030 the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula community will need to increase its aggregate park acreage by 190.7 acres to a total of 309 acres of sub-regional park space.
Need for Park Facilities. This community plan district is projected to grow by approximately 7,704 residents (defacto) over the next 25 years. During this time the existing community park facilities will need to be supplemented by 15 tennis courts and 23 sports courts (Table 5-13).
Table 5-12 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis
Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Defacto Population 23,195 24,663 26,118 27,659 29,262 30,899 Existing Park (Name) Tax Map Key Park Type Acres Acres Required Eddie Tam Memorial 2-2-4-032-098 DC 34.75 Center
Eddie Tam Memorial 2-2-4-006-005 DC 13.68 Center
Hali’imaile Park/Tennis 2-2-5-008-006 CP 0.56 Hali’imaile Park 2-2-5-008-001 CP 5.27 Harold Rice Memorial 2-2-2-006-067 NP 3.8 Park
Keokea Ball Park 2-2-2-003-031 CP 6.7 Kula Malu 2-3-008-038 CP 9 (por) Kula Park & Community 2-2-3-037-026 CP 7 Center
Hannibal Tavares 2-2-3-009-026 DC 24.5 Comm Ctr & Park
New Kula Ballfield 2-2-2-014-001 CP 10.3 Sun Yet Sen Park 2-2-2-002-065 NP 1 Waiakoa Gym 2-2-2-014-021 G 1.7 Total Acres 118.26 Park Stnd 10 ac. / 1,000 pop. 231.95 246.63 261.18 276.59 292.62 308.99 Additional Space Needed (acres) -113.69 -128.37 -142.92 -158.33 -174.36 -190.73 Source: Population estimates: County of Maui Planning Department, July 2006 Notes: Standard is based upon 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons
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Table 5-13 Park Facilities Assessment Makawao-Pukalani-Kula - Recommended and Additional Needs Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Defacto Population 23,195 24,663 26,118 27,659 29,262 30,899 Facility Pop. Extg. Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Standard
Tennis Courts 1,500 6.0 9.5 16.4 10.4 17.4 11.4 18.4 12.4 19.5 13.5 20.6 14.6 Tot Lots 5,000 3.0 1.6 4.9 1.9 5.2 2.2 5.5 2.5 5.9 2.9 6.2 3.2 Sports Fields 2,000 15.0 -3.4 12.3 -2.7 13.1 -1.9 13.8 -1.2 14.6 -0.4 15.4 0.4 Sport Courts 1,250 2.0 16.6 19.7 17.7 20.9 18.9 22.1 20.1 23.4 21.4 24.7 22.7 Community Ctr. 10,000 5.0 -2.7 2.5 -2.5 2.6 -2.4 2.8 -2.2 2.9 -2.1 3.1 -1.9 Gym 25,000 3.0 -2.1 1.0 -2.0 1.0 -2.0 1.1 -1.9 1.2 -1.8 1.2 -1.8
Notes: In 2005, a sports field was added at Kula Malu. Two tennis courts are slated to be added at Kula Community Center by the year 2010.
Due to the low density and distances between the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula communities, park numbers and area allocation may need to be altered in favor of larger, more centralized facilities. Consequently, the option exists to locate some of the smaller parks within future designated residential areas at the recommended level, and combine the remainder into larger parks (neighborhood and community levels) placed near the center of major residential areas such as Makawao and Pukalani.
5.5.5 Paia-Haiku Community Plan Region
5.5.5.1 Assessment of the Existing System Table 5-14 outlines the parks available to people within this plan area. Figure 5-8 shows the locations of the region's recreational facilities.
Paia-Haiku has a well developed park system with over 8.9 acres of total (sub-regional and special-use) park land per 1,000 residents. Due to the linear nature of the community, most of the parks are along the highway and are quite accessible to the community's residents.
The sub-regional park system in this area consists of 13 parks totaling 109.7 acres. Most of the parks exist at the neighborhood park level. The community currently has access to 3 tot lots, 6 sports fields and 2 sports courts, 2 community centers, and 1 gyms.
At a standard of 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 people, Paia-Haiku needs an additional 12.8 acres of park space to serve its current defacto population (Table 5-14).
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Table 5-14 Paia-Haiku Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Defacto Population 13,91 12,256 12,573 12,887 13,219 13,565 7 Existing Park (Name) Tax Map Key Park Type Acres 4th Marine Div Mem Park 2-2-7-002-004 CP 30.6
H.A. Baldwin Park 2-2-5-005-046/047 CP/BP 17.2
Haiku Park and Comm 2-2-7-008-127 CP 5 Center Hookipa Park 2-2-5-004-025 BP 8.4 H'Poko Nursery & Gym (Old 2-2-5-004-014 SP 22.1 Maui High School) Kuau Bay (Blue Tile) 2-2-6-009-023 BP 4.17 Makana Park 2-2-5-005-060 NP 5 Lower Paia Park 2-2-6-002-015 BP 1.5 Paia Community Center 2-2-6-005-105 NP 1.6 Paia Gym and Ball Park 2-2-5-012-111 NP 3.42 Pauwela Lighthouse 2-2-7-004-009 SA 3.3 Rainbow Park 2-2-5-005-038 MP 2.6 Ulumalu Arena 2-2-8-002-008/032 SUP 4.83
Total Acres 109.7 Park Stnd 10 ac / 1,000 persons 122.6 125.7 128.9 132.2 135.7 139.2 Additional Park Space Needed (acres) -12.8 -16.0 -19.2 -22.5 -25.9 -29.5 Source: Population estimates: County of Maui Planning Department, July 2006 Notes: Standard is based upon 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons Despite the overall facility and community-oriented park needs of this community, there is still land area available that is more than adequate to accommodate any existing and future park and facility development. The 24 acres identified in the Paia-Haiku Community Plan, near Haiku Elementary School, is an ideal location for another community park to be built during the planning horizon. There are private parks, facilities and shoreline access points within this area that are available for public use, e.g. church facilities, but they should not be used to replace the need for public use options.
5.5.5.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements Need for Park Space. Table 5-14 forecasts that given a standard of 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 people, the Paia-Haiku region needs an additional 29.5 acres of community oriented park space over the next twenty-five years.
Need for Park Facilities. This community is forecast to grow to 1,661 residents (defacto) by 2030. During this time, the existing community recreational facilities will need to be supplemented (see Table 5-15) with 9 tennis courts, and 9 sport courts.
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Table 5-15 Park Facilities Assessment Paia - Haiku - Recommended and Additional Needs Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Defacto Population 12,256 12,573 12,887 13,219 13,565 13,917 Facility Pop. Standard Extg. Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Tennis Courts 1,500 0 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.8 8.8 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 Tot Lots 5,000 3 -0.5 2.5 -0.5 2.6 -0.4 2.6 -0.4 2.8 -0.2 2.8 -0.2 Sports Fields 2,000 6 0.1 6.3 0.3 6.4 0.4 6.6 0.6 7.0 1.0 7.0 1.0 Sport Courts 1,250 2 7.8 10.1 8.1 10.3 8.3 10.6 8.6 11.1 9.1 11.1 9.1 Community 10,000 2 -0.8 1.3 -0.7 1.3 -0.7 1.3 -0.7 1.4 -0.6 1.4 -0.6 Ctr. Gym 25,000 1 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.6 -0.4 0.6 -0.4
5.5.6 Wailuku-Kahului Community Plan Region
5.5.6.1 Assessment of the Existing System The Wailuku-Kahului area is well-endowed with parks and recreational facilities. Figure 5-9 shows the locations of the region's recreational facilities.
Table 5-16 lists the existing parks, which include 16 neighborhood parks providing a wide variety of facilities to meet the recreational needs of the community. Larger sub-regional park facilities include the Maui High School playfields, Kahului Harbor Park and Kahului Community Park. This community is also the center of regional park facilities for the Island of Maui. Central recreation areas, such as the Maui War Memorial Complex, Keopuolani Park and the Waiehu Golf Course, provide an extensive array of facilities and activities for area residents to enjoy.
Wailuku-Kahului contains more parks (in terms of number, size and facility) per capita than any other Maui Community Plan Region. These parks are evenly placed throughout the community with the smaller parks providing suburban greenery and larger parks providing a central recreational location. In addition, the Wailuku-Kahului area is the center for many of Maui's schools, which offer other recreational facilities to the community. This supplements the abundant park and recreational facilities available to this community.
Due largely to the number of regional facilities, this community has access to 14 tennis courts, 12 tot lots, 41 sports fields, 20 sports courts, 2 gyms, and 4 community centers (Table 5-17).
A limitation for this community is that many of its facilities, due to their regional nature, are used by residents of other communities. This is a double-edged issue. On one hand, facilities are often used above their capacity (i.e. by residents from other communities). On the other hand, because their community is the center of most of Maui's regional-level recreational facilities, Wailuku-Kahului community residents enjoy the convenience of proximity to recreational facilities not available in other Community Plan Regions.
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5.5.6.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements Need for Park Space. Over the next 25 years, the population of the Wailuku-Kahului Community Plan Region is expected to increase to 24,960 residents (defacto). Given a standard of 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons, Table 5-16 shows that this area will need an additional 542.9 acres of park space to support the defacto population by 2030. When the regional park standard of 15 acres per 1,000 persons is applied to Wailuku- Kahului’s future population, it reveals a deficit of 755.9 acres of regional park space by the year 2030, beyond the existing total of 334.1 acres.
There are serious constraints to realizing the needed increase in park space. First, many of the existing parks are neither fully improved nor fully usable. If these parks are to serve the expected population over the next 25 years, they will also have to be improved through the addition of facilities, or by the diversion of unusable land to usable open space.
Second, due to the built-up nature of the residential areas in Wailuku and Kahului, there is little space remaining within existing residential subdivisions for the addition of mini parks or neighborhood parks. Consequently, these types of facilities may need to be located on the outskirts of existing subdivisions, throughout future subdivisions, or by integration into larger district and regional parks.
The community and the Maui Department of Parks and Recreation should determine the optimum distribution of needed park space among the various types of parks.
Need for Park Facilities. Table 5-17 shows that over the next 25 years, the Wailuku-Kahului community will need 34 additional tennis courts, 3 tot lots, 40 sports courts, and 3 community centers. Possible candidates for the tennis and sports court facilities would be neighborhood and district or regional parks. Needed facilities should be placed in new and existing parks at the discretion of the community and the Maui Department of Parks and Recreation.
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Table 5-16 Wailuku-Kahului Community Plan Region Regional & Sub-Regional Park Analysis
Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Defacto Population 47,706 52,459 57,189 62,173 67,364 72,666 Existing Park (Name) Tax Map Key Park Type Acres Acres Required Hoaloha Park 2-3-7-008-017 BP 2
Honolii Park 2-3-4-014-006 MP 0.25
Kahului Community Park 2-3-8-007-084 DC 34
Kahului Comm Park 2-3-8-007-097 DC 1
Kahului Harbor Park 2-3-7-001-021 SA 21
Kahului Pool (Salvation Army) 2-3-7-013-001 SP 1
Kahului School Park 2-3-7-008-041 CP 7.1
Kamalii Park 2-3-8-010-013 NP 1.4
Kanaha Beach Park 2-3-8-001-119 BP 40
Kepaniwai Park 2-3-3-003-001 SUP 7.6
Leisure Estates Park 2-3-2-020-071 CP 4
Lihikai Park 2-3-8-030-009 CP 5.3
Maui High School Park 2-3-8-007-098 CP 13
Maui Lani Park 2-3-8-081-067 NP 1.8
Mokuhau Park 2-3-4-035-057 NP 2.4
Paukakalo Park 2-3-3-005-086 NP 4.7
Pomaikai Park 2-3-8-069-005 MP 0.8
Puuohala Park 2-3-3-004-043 NP 0.6
Waiale Park 2-3-0-046-021 NP 3
Waiehu Beach Park 2-3-2-013-005 BP 3.65
Waiehu Heights Park 2-3-3-007-045 NP 3
Waihe'e Ball Park 2-3-2-012-002 NP 2
Waihe'e Beach Park 2-3-2-012-006 BP 4
Waikapu Neighborhood Center 2-3-5-010-035 NP 0.4
Waikapu Park 2-3-5-010-035 NP 2
Wailuku Community Center 2-3-4-030-015 CP 4.1
Wailuku Elementary School 2-3-5-001-049 CP 3.9
Wailuku Gym 2-3-4-008-021 G 0.8
Wailuku Heights Park 2-3-5-014-086 NP 1.4
Wailuku Parkside Park 2-3-8-000-000 NP 2
Wells Comm. Complex (Pool) 2-3-4-008-020 SP 1.4
Wells Park 2-3-4-011-002 CP 4.9
Wells Park Tennis Courts 2-3-4-011-018 CP 1.1
Total Acres 185.6 Park Stnd 10 ac / 1,000 persons 477.1 524.6 571.9 621.7 673.6 726.7 Additional Needed (acres) -291.5 -339.0 -386.3 -436.1 -488.0 -541.1
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Regional Parks:
Waiehu Golf Course 174
War Memorial Complex 50.1
Keopuolani Regional Park 110
Total Acres 334.1 Park Stnd 15 ac/1,000 persons 715.6 786.9 857.8 932.6 1,010.5 1,090.0 Additional Acres Needed Surplus/-Deficit -381.5 -452.8 -523.7 -598.5 -676.4 -755.9 Source: Population estimates: County of Maui Planning Department, July 2006 Notes: Standard is based upon 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons (1) By 2010, 29 park acres will be added within the Maui Lani Project district and a new district park is proposed to be built.
Table 5-17 Park Facilities Assessment Wailuku-Kahului - Recommended and Additional Needs Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Defacto Population 47,706 52,459 57,189 62,173 67,364 72,666
Facility Pop. Standard Extg. Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Tennis Courts 1,500 14 17.8 35.0 21.0 38.1 24.1 41.4 27.4 44.9 30.9 48.4 34.4 Tot Lots 5,000 12 -2.5 10.5 -1.5 11.4 -0.6 12.4 0.4 13.5 1.5 14.5 2.5 Sports Fields 2,000 41 -17.1 26.2 -14.8 28.6 -12.4 31.1 -9.9 33.7 -7.3 36.3 -4.7 Sport Courts 1,250 20 18.2 42.0 22.0 45.8 25.8 49.7 29.7 53.9 33.9 58.1 38.1 Community Ctr. 10,000 4 0.8 5.2 1.2 5.7 1.7 6.2 2.2 6.7 2.7 7.3 3.3 Gym 25,000 2 -0.1 2.1 0.1 2.3 0.3 2.5 0.5 2.7 0.7 2.9 0.9
5.6 LANA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION
5.6.1 Assessment of the Existing System
Lana‘i has been transformed from an economy based on pineapple production to a major Hawai‘i resort destination. Table 5-18 outlines the parks available to people on Lana‘i. Figure 5-10 shows the locations of Lana‘i's parks.
Lana‘i has a well-developed park system with over 15.4 acres of sub-regional and special-use park land. Due to the compact nature of the community, most of the parks are quite accessible to residents. Most of these are neighborhood parks. The community currently has access to 4 tennis courts, 3 sports fields, 2 sports courts, and 1 community center.
Table 5-18 estimates that at a standard of 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 people, Lana‘i currently needs an additional 30.5 acres of park space to serve the current population. Despite the overall facility and community-oriented park needs of this community, there is still land area available that is more than adequate to accommodate any existing and future park and facility development.
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5.6.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements
Need for Park Space. In Table 5-18, the analysis predicts that at a standard of 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 people, Lana‘i will need an additional 49.7 acres of community-oriented park space over the next twenty-five years.
Need for Park Facilities. Lana‘i is forecast to have an additional 1,926 residents (defacto) by 2030. During this time the existing community recreational facilities will need to be supplemented by 3 sport courts. (Table 5-19). The planning of park development and facility siting to meet the expected community requirements, should be determined by the community and the Maui Department of Parks and Recreation. Table 5-18 Lana‘i Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Defacto Population 4,587 4,963 5,377 5,725 6,110 6,513 Existing Park (Name) Tax Map Key Park Type Acres Acres Required
Lanai Community Center 2-4-9-006-033 NP 1.1 Lanai Gym and Tennis Courts 2-4-9-014-006 CC 1.5
Lanai Gym and Tennis Courts 2-4-9-014-010 CC 0
Lanai Little League Field 2-4-9-014-002 NP 1.8 Lanai Softball Field 2-4-9-000 NP 10 Lanai Tennis and Basketball Crts 2-4-9-000 NP 1
Total Acres 15.4 Park Stnd 10 ac / 1,000 persons 45.87 49.63 53.77 57.25 61.1 65.1 Additional Park Space = Surplus (Deficit) (acres) (30.5) (34.2) (38.4) (41.9) (45.7) (49.7) Source: Population estimates: County of Maui Planning Department, July 2006 Notes: Standard is based upon 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons
Table 5-19 Park Facilities Assessment Lana‘i - Recommended and Additional Needs
Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 4,587 4,963 5,377 5,725 6,110 6,513 Defacto Population Facility Pop. Standard Extg. Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Tennis Courts 1,500 4.0 -0.9 3.3 -0.7 3.6 -0.4 3.8 -0.2 4.1 0.1 4.3 0.3 Tot Lots 5,000 2.0 -1.1 1.0 -1.0 1.1 -0.9 1.1 -0.9 1.2 -0.8 1.3 -0.7 Sports Fields 2,000 3.0 -0.7 2.5 -0.5 2.7 -0.3 2.9 -0.1 3.1 0.1 3.3 0.3 Sport Courts 1,250 2.0 1.7 4.0 2.0 4.3 2.3 4.6 2.6 4.9 2.9 5.2 3.2 Community Ctr. 10,000 1.0 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 0.6 -0.4 0.6 -0.4 0.7 -0.3 Gym 25,000 1.0 -0.8 0.2 -0.8 0.2 -0.8 0.2 -0.8 0.2 -0.8 0.3 -0.7
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5.7 MOLOKA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION
5.7.1 Assessment of the Existing System
Table 5-20 lists the parks available to people within the Moloka‘i Community Plan Region. Figure 5-11 shows the locations of the region's recreational facilities.
Moloka‘i has a well-developed park system, with over 9.3 acres of total (sub-regional and special-use) park land per 1,000 residents. Because the population centers are spread across the island, the facilities are shared by communities. Further, access to the ocean is usually unencumbered along the island’s south shore.
The sub-regional park system in this area consists of 14 parks totaling 72.97 acres. Six of the parks provide community level facilities and 5 exist at the neighborhood park level. As shown in Table 5-20, the community currently has access to 2 tennis courts, 16 sports fields, 4 tot lots, and 4 sports courts. Despite an abundance of park space, most parks are not provided with many facilities. This may be due to the fact that existing parks, especially those close to the shoreline, are designed to serve beach park requirements rather than community needs for outdoor recreation.
Table 5-20 estimates that at a standard of 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 people, Moloka‘i needs an additional 5.3 acres of park space to serve its current defacto population.
There is still land available that is more than adequate to accommodate any existing and future park and facility development. The large number of shoreline parks and shoreline access points within this area provide an excellent addition to the public facilities.
5.7.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements
Need for Park Space. Table 5-20 forecasts that, given a standard of 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons, the Moloka‘i region needs an additional 19.23 acres of community oriented park space over the next twenty-five years.
In addition, this community will grow by approximately 1,393 residents (defacto) by 2030. During this time the existing community recreational facilities will need to be supplemented by 4 tennis courts and 3 sports courts (Table 5-21). It may be infeasible to site many of these facilities at the existing parks due to their limited size, or narrow width. The planning of park development and facility siting to meet the expected community requirements should be determined by the community and the Maui Department of Parks and Recreation.
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Table 5-20 Moloka‘i Community Plan Region Sub-Regional Park Analysis Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Defacto Population 7,826 7,991 8,283 8,536 8,861 9,219 Existing Park (Name) Tax Map Key Park Acres Acres Required Type
Cooke Memorial Pool 2-5-3-002-005 CP 0.50 Duke Maliu Regional Park 2-5-3-003-001 CP 10.00 Halawa Park 2-5-9-001-008 NP 1.00 Kakahaia Park 2-5-4-001-004 NP 0.80 Kaunakakai Ball Park 2-5-3-002-022 CP 6.47 Kaunakakai Lighthouse Park 2-5-3-001-003 SA 3.35 Kilohana Community Center 2-5-6-002-028 CP 7.60 Kualapuu Park 2-5-2-028-098 CP 6.77 Maunaloa Park 2-5-1-002-003 NP 3.00 Maunaloa Subd. Park 2-5-0000 NP 2.00 Mitchel Pauole Cntr 2-5-3-002-005 CC 8.78 One Ali‘i Park 2-5-4-003-023 CP 11.00 Papohaku Beach Park 2-5-1-006-073 BP 10.40 Pu‘u Hauole Park 2-5-3-004-037 NP 1.30 Total Acres 72.97 Park Stnd 10 ac / 1,000 persons 78.3 79.9 82.8 85.4 88.6 92.2 Additional Park Space = Surplus (Deficit) (acres) -5.3 -6.9 -9.9 -12.4 -15.6 -19.2 Source: Population estimates: County of Maui Planning Department, July 2006 Notes: Standard is based upon 10 acres of sub-regional park space per 1,000 persons
Table 5-21 Park Facilities Assessment Moloka‘i - Recommended and Additional Needs Year 2005 2010 2015 2020 2,025 2030 Defacto Population 7,826 7,991 8,283 8,536 8,861 9219
Facility Pop. Standard Extg. Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Req’d Need Tennis Courts 1,500 2 3.2 5.3 3.3 5.5 3.5 5.7 3.7 5.9 3.9 6.1 4.1 Tot Lots 5,000 4 -2.4 1.6 -2.4 1.7 -2.3 1.7 -2.3 1.8 -2.2 1.8 -2.2 Sports Fields 2,000 16 -12.1 4.0 -12.0 4.1 -11.9 4.3 -11.7 4.4 -11.6 4.6 -11.4 Sport Courts 1,250 4 2.3 6.4 2.4 6.6 2.6 6.8 2.8 7.1 3.1 7.4 3.4 Community Ctr. 10,000 2 -1.2 0.8 -1.2 0.8 -1.2 0.9 -1.1 0.9 -1.1 0.9 -1.1 Gym 25,000 1 -0.7 0.3 -0.7 0.3 -0.7 0.3 -0.7 0.4 -0.6 0.4 -0.6
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SECTION 6 POLICE
6.1 OVERVIEW In the past decade, Maui’s defacto population has grown more than 87.6%, from 100,000 in 1990 to 187,650 in 2005. Despite the increases in population, the incidence of crime and number of major traffic accidents and road deaths have declined. These factors illustrate the importance of maintaining an established and well-trained police force to keep crime at low levels, and to combat unsafe practices within the Maui community. The purpose of this study is to assess Maui County’s existing police facilities and determine future needs, if any, through the year 2030 study horizon. This study assesses level of service at both the County and Community Plan Region (CPR) level. 6.2 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY The criteria for planning new police facilities are complex and difficult to quantify precisely. A police force's effectiveness is a function of the number of police officers, the area that they can cover, resources available to the police department, the speed at which they can respond to emergencies, and the frequency of calls distributed within an area. If requests for police assistance and reports of offenses become so great that police consistently cannot respond at all, or within a reasonable time, then coverage may be deemed to be inadequate and additional personnel will be required along with a new station or substation. The most accurate data for determining incident response standards are found in police report records which detail times, locations and other characteristics of calls for service. In addition to calls for service and incidence response rates, personnel requirements are essential for assessing police facility needs. Police reports provide valuable information regarding incidents and their geographical distribution, however they do not in themselves illustrate personnel requirements. Much police work is concerned with investigation after an offense is committed. Individual incident reports do show the amount of "on-site time" that police take to solve or "clear" a case, but do not reflect "off-site" time required by investigative, technical, and administrative support personnel. When planning new facilities, it is necessary to consider total personnel that are required to adequately serve the target population. A further consideration is the importance of establishing a baseline for determining changes in quality of service. Crime prevention and traffic accident reduction data can be used to establish a baseline that directly addresses police service goals of protecting lives and property and preserving the public peace. Increases in rates of crime or traffic accidents may indicate a need for increased policing, and a corresponding expansion of police facilities. Similarly, decreases in crime and accident rates, or stable rates over long periods of time are indicative of adequate police service. In such cases, maintaining existing facilities, staffing, and service coverage in concert with population changes is assumed to ensure a satisfactory level of service. 6.2.1 Method of Evaluation The analysis of Maui County’s police facilities was conducted according to the steps outlined in Table 6-1, Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Police Facilities. The methodology is further discussed as follows:
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Table 6-1 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Police Facilities # Step Analysis Data Source
1 Obtain data on current MPD Given MPD; employment, officer assignments, facility locations, and police Mayor’s Fiscal Year 2005 Budget divisions and beats. Report.
2 Obtain historical data and 2000 to Defacto population data for Maui 2000-2030 baseline population 2030 projections for populations County derived by combining forecast, the County of Maui (Maui that generate demand for police resident and visitor population, County Planning Department, July services in Maui County. broken down by Community Plan 2006) District.
3 Obtain crime and traffic accident Analyze “index crime” and vehicle Crime in Hawai‘i 2004, Office of statistics for Maui County for accident trends for years 1990 to the Attorney General, State of years 1990 to 2004. 2004. Determine annual Hawai‘i; Uniform Crime Index, increase/decrease relative to Federal Bureau of Investigations; population growth. State of Hawai‘i Data Book, 2005.
4 Establish baseline for quality of A decrease in the number of index Crime in Hawai‘i 2004, Office of police service. crimes and number of traffic the Attorney General, State of accidents over time indicates that Hawai‘i; Uniform Crime Index, current levels of police service are Federal Bureau of Investigations; satisfactory. Thus, The current State of Hawai‘i Data Book, 2005. number of officers serving the defacto population is the standard.
5 Determine standard number of For a given year: standard = [no. Derived. officers required per 1000 defacto of sworn officers (defacto population: the “generation rate”. population/1000)]. Take average from ten year period (1990-2004).
6 Determine standard number of For a given year: standard = [no. Derived MPD employees required per of employees (defacto 1000 defacto population: the population/1000)]. Take average “generation rate”. from ten year period (1990-2004).
7 Calculate the number of officers Demand = [generation rate x Derived and MPD employees required to (projected defacto population meet future population service /1000)] demands. Calculate for each Community Plan District (CDP) and each projected year.
8 Determine surplus/deficit. Compare existing number of sworn officers and staff to projected demand for each CDP and each projected year.
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Establish Baseline for Quality of Police Service - The quality of police service in Maui County was assessed using available crime and traffic accident data recorded over the past 10 years. Data came from two sources: 1) Uniform Crime Index - The Uniform Crime Index (UCI) is used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation as the standard means for compiling crime statistics from each state. The UCI concentrates on seven offenses as an index of crime in a particular area. These are termed Part I offenses by the Hawai‘i Criminal Justice Data Center (HCJDC) and the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP). The offenses include Violent Crimes - murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault; and Property Crimes - burglary, larceny-theft and motor vehicle theft. The IACP selects these seven crimes for detailed analysis due to the: "seriousness of the crime in terms of nature and/or volume, frequency of occurrence and likelihood of being reported. The seven offenses are collectively known as the Crime Index and serve as a gauge to measure the fluctuations in volume and rates of crime.” (HCJDC, 1991) The UCI information was obtained from the report: Crime in Hawai‘i 2004, A Review of Uniform Crime Reports, State of Hawai‘i, Department of the Attorney General. 2) Major traffic accidents, traffic injuries and traffic deaths, 1990 to 2005, and by counties, Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism, State of Hawai‘i Data Book 2005. Assumptions: Existing crime levels in Maui County, characterized by a decline over the past 10 years in the number of index crimes committed per 1,000 population and a decline in vehicle accident rates, represent a satisfactory level of police service. Inventory Existing Police Facilities and Services - An inventory of Maui Police Department’s (MPD) existing police facilities and services was prepared using data from the following sources: • MPD organization by island, police district, sector and beat, provided by the MPD. • Police station and substation locations by tax map key number, address, and CPR, provided by the MPD. • Police Station and substation staffing data, and number of calls for service, obtained from the Mayor’s Fiscal Year (FY) 2006 Budget Report. • Historical MPD employee data, including number of officers and support staff for years 1990 to 2004, obtained from the report: Crime in Hawai‘i 2004, A Review of Uniform Crime Reports, State of Hawai‘i, Department of the Attorney General. • Assumptions: CPR boundaries correspond individually and/or in aggregation to MPD police district boundaries. Future Police Needs Future police needs are determined by applying existing police employment rates to population projections. If it is assumed that the current and historical police protection level (ratios of officers per population or offense) is “adequate,” then a determination of the historical average ratio of police officers per head of population or per report can be used as the standard of service. This ratio will be called a generation rate - i.e., what number of police officers need to be generated from estimated population or crime numbers. When multiplied by a future population the generation rate would then provide an estimate of the number of police needed to maintain an "adequate" level of protection. The drawback to this approach is that it does not 6-3 provide an independent standard of the desired level of police service protection. As noted earlier, this study assumes, based on UCI and vehicle accident data, the current quality of police protection provided by the MPD is satisfactory. Based on this assumption, estimates for future years will reflect a level of protection analogous to the current situation. The planning standard used to determine the future police facility needs is a derived ratio of the number of officers required per 1,000 defacto population to maintain existing levels of service. Between 1990-2000 this ratio has fluctuated between a low in 2000 of 1.79 officers per 1,000 population, and a high in 1992-93 of 2.04. This study uses an average of 1.96 to estimate future officer requirements. Similarly, total employment by the MPD per 1,000 defacto population has ranged between a 2000 low of 2.39 and a high in 1992-93 of 2.64. An average rate of 2.56 is used in this study to project future needs. This rate is very close to the national standard of 2.6 police employees per 1,000 population established by the International Association of Chiefs of Police. By applying the desirable per capita average of police officers to Maui County’s projected defacto population, we can estimate the number of police officers that will be needed in future years to maintain the same level of protection as currently found on Maui. The product of this analysis should be seen as the lowest possible number of police officers to be maintained on Maui, given that these estimates do not reflect an evaluation of the quality of current police protection (it is assumed to be "adequate"). The analysis is performed at the County and CPR level. Data for this analysis came from the following sources: 1. Defacto population projections for the County and CPRs were provided by Maui County Planning Department (July 2006). 2. Historical MPD employee data, including number of officers and support staff for years 1990 to 2004, was obtained from the report: Crime in Hawai‘i 2004, A Review of Uniform Crime Reports, State of Hawai‘i, Department of the Attorney General. Assumption: There is an adequate level of police protection currently in existence.
Table 6-2 presents population, police employment, and crime data between 1990 and 2004. 6.3 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
6.3.1 Inventory of Existing Facilities The MPD is responsible for providing police service to the entire County of Maui. For operational purposes, the MPD divides the County into six police districts, listed in Table 6-3. The Wailuku (Central) District is further divided into three sectors. Each district and sector is also divided into motorized beats based on geographic coverage and demographic characteristics including, but not limited to, resident and transient (visitor) populations. Police districts correspond to CPR. The Wailuku (Central) District comprises the three CPRs of Makawao-Pukalani-Kula, Paia-Ha‘iku, and Wailuku-Kahului. Each police district is served by one police station or substation. Existing police stations are listed in Table 6-4, which describes their existing location, tax map key, service area, number of budgeted officers, number of motorized beats, and 2005 population served by the MPD. Maui County police station locations are shown in Figure 6-1.
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Table 6-2 Maui County Law Enforcement Demographics MPD and Crime Data Y1990-2004 - Crime in Hawaii 2004, Department of the Attorney General
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Table 6-3 Maui Police Department - Districts, Sectors, and Beats District No. District Names No. of Beats
I Wailuku (Central) District 11 Total Wailuku Sector (3) Kahului Sector (3) Country Sector (5) II Lana‘i District 2 III Hana District 2 IV Lahaina District 5 V Moloka‘i District 2 VI Kihei District 5 Source: Maui Police Department, General Orders, Chapter 415.1 District Boundaries and Motorized Beats
Table 6-4 Maui Police Department – Facility/Personnel Inventory Population Motorized Served Patrol District/Facility TMK Service Area Officers 1 Beats (Defacto 2005) Maui Hana Station 2-1-4-06: 3 Hana 9 2 2,223 Kihei Substation 2-3-9-03: 12 Kihei-Makena 45 5 45,056 Lahaina Station 2-4-5-21: 16 Lahaina 57 5 44,701 Central Station 2-3-8-46: 25 Wailuku-Kahului 146 11 83,157 Paia-Ha‘iku Makawao-Pukalani- Kula Lana‘i Lana‘i City Station 2-4-9-06: 4 Lana‘i 11 2 4,587 Moloka‘i Moloka‘i Station 2-5-3-02: 5(por) Moloka‘i 29 2 7826 TOTAL 297 27 187,565 Source: Officers - County of Maui, Office of the Mayor, FY 2006 Annual Budget Report Motorized beats - MPD, General Orders, Chapter 415.1 District Boundaries and Motorized Beats Population – Maui County Planning Department, July 2006. Notes: 1 Number includes uniformed patrol officers (Budgeted 2006) only.
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6.3.2 Assessment of County Facilities The effectiveness of Maui County’s police force is evident in crime and traffic accident records. Between 2000 and 2005, Maui County’s defacto population grew from 171,835 to 187,560 persons, approximately 9%. During 2004, 12.7% of the State’s total index crimes, 8.2% of violent crimes, and 13.0% of property crimes were reported in Maui County. Thus, Maui County has a lower incidence of crime per capita of defacto population compared to State averages. Additional evidence of the effectiveness of Maui County police services is shown in Table 6-5. Since 1992, vehicle accidents, in real numbers and on a per capita basis, decreased from 1,501 in 1992 to 825 in 2004. The number of index crimes per capita also declined between 1992 and 2004, from 54.6 to 45.7 per 1000 population. Table 6-5 Recorded Traffic Accidents and Index Crimes, 1992-2000 County of Maui Index Crimes Major Traffic Accidents Index Crimes Per 1000 Population Year Count % Change Count % Change Count % Change 1992 1,501 --- 7,949 --- 54.6 1993 1,471 -2.0% 7,935 -0.2% 53.8 -1.5% 1994 --- 8,457 6.6% 56.2 4.3% 1995 1,233 -16.2% 8,591 1.6% 56.3 0.2% 1996 1,088 -11.8% 8,070 -6.1% 52.3 -7.6% 1997 1,169 7.4% 7,916 -1.9% 50 -4.6% 1998 1,104 -5.6% 7,150 -9.7% 44.8 -11.6% 1999 965 -12.6% 6,755 -5.5% 41.8 -7.2% 2000 ------7,325 8.4% 43.5 3.9% 2001 1,159 -10.7% 8,174 11.6% 48.6 10.5% 2002 1,009 -12.9% 7,986 -2.3% 46.7 -4.1% 2003 1,145 13.5% 8,179 2.4% 46.9 0.4% 2004 825 -38.8% 8,117 -0.8% 45.7 -2.6% Source: Accident Data - State of Hawai‘i Data Book 2005, DBED&T Index Crime Data - Crime in Hawai‘i 2004, Department of the Attorney General 6.3.3 Assessment of Future Facility Requirements Table 6-6 shows an estimate of the number of police officers needed by Maui County over the next 25 years based upon historical data and projected population. The counts include uniformed patrol officers and investigators, unless otherwise noted. The overall trend appears to be a steady increase in police numbers corresponding to anticipated population growth through the year 2030. For years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2004, the number of officers shown in the table is based on recorded data, and not on the projections. Based on future projections, Maui County will need an additional 215 officers by 2030. This corresponds to an increase of approximately 70 percent. The recommended current and projected distribution of officers by CPR is shown in Table 6-7. Table 6-8 shows the projected number of total police employees needed by each community plan area to 2030. Total police employees include uniformed patrol officers, investigators, technical support, administrative and clerical personnel. As of 2005, the total number of 6-8 employees is approximately 472. By 2030, the need will increase approximately 44 percent to 685 employees. Table 6-6 Number of Officers Needed, Maui County (Actual and Projected) Based on Defacto Population
Year Defacto Population No. Of Officers Required1
1990 139,802 2652
1995 152,600 3072
2000 171,738 3022
2004 177,755 3092
2010 202,598 391
2015 219,144 424
2020 235,132 456 2025 252,137 490 2030 269,544 524 Source: Population - Maui County Planning Department. July 2006 Officer Data Y1990-2004 - Crime in Hawai‘i 2004, Department of the Attorney General Notes: 1 Projections based on generation rate of 1.96 Officers per 1000 Population. 2 Actual number of officers employed based on Dept. of the Attorney General data. Table 6-7 Estimate of Officers Required By Community Plan District Based on Defacto Population
Community Plan Region 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Maui Hana 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 Kihei-Makena 77 88 97 108 118 129 140 Lahaina 81 87 94 101 107 114 121 Wailuku-Kahului 85 93 102 112 121 131 142 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 Paia-Ha‘iku 23 24 25 25 26 26 27 Maui island Total 312 343 372 403 433 465 497
Moloka‘i 16 9 10 10 11 12 13 Lana‘i 8 9 10 10 11 12 13
Maui County 336 361 391 424 455 489 522 Source: Population – Maui County Planning Department, July 2006 See Table 2-1 for population by CPR Officer Data - Crime in Hawai‘i 2004, Department of the Attorney General Notes: 1 Projections based on generation rate of 1.96 Officers per 1000 Population. 6-9
2 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula, Paia-Ha‘iku, and Wailuku-Kahului comprise the MPD Central District.
Table 6-8 Estimate of Total MPD Employment Required by Community Plan District Based on Defacto Population 2000-2030 Community Plan Region 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Maui Hana 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 Kihei-Makena 100 115 127 142 155 169 184 Lahaina 105 114 123 132 141 150 159 Wailuku-Kahului 111 122 134 146 159 172 186 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 55 59 63 67 71 75 79 Paia-Ha‘iku 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Maui island Total 408 448 486 527 566 608 651
Moloka‘i 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 Lana‘i 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Maui County 440 472 511 554 596 640 685 Source: Defacto Population – Maui County Planning Department, July 2006 Officer Data - Crime in Hawai‘i 2004, Department of the Attorney General Notes: 1 Projections based on generation rate of 2.56 employees per 1000 Population. 2 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula, Paia-Ha‘iku, and Wailuku-Kahului comprise the MPD Central District.
6.4 MAUI POLICE ANALYSIS
6.4.1 Hana Community Plan Region 6.4.1.1 Existing System The Hana CPR falls within the MPD’s District III - Hana. This district is served by one police station with 9 budgeted uniformed patrol officers and an estimated share of 3 investigative officers. The district is divided into 2 motorized beats. Each beat is patrolled by a single officer. 6.4.1.2 Assessment of Existing System Hana’s 9 budgeted officers comprise 3.0 percent of the County total. In year 2004, the Hana Station received 2,054 calls for service, or 228 per officer, representing 3.6 percent of total calls for service in the County. Based on population alone, Hana CPR’s current need is estimated at approximately 4 officers (see Table 6-7). However, given the large areas of the district, dispersed population, and remote character of the district, it is necessary to field more officers. Thus, the current compliment of officers is justified.
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6.4.1.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements Hana District has a projected need for 6 officers (combined patrol and investigative) by the year 2030, up from the current assessed need of 4 officers. Given the current staffing of 9 officers, police service in Hana district is determined to be adequate through the study horizon of 2030. Expansion of existing services within the study period is not required. 6.4.2 KIHEI - MAKENA COMMUNITY PLAN REGION 6.4.2.1 Existing System The Kihei-Makena CPR corresponds to the MPD’s District VI - Kihei. This district is served by one police substation which opened in the Kihei Town Center in April 2000. The Kihei Substation is currently staffed with 45 budgeted uniformed patrol officers(2006). The district is divided into 5 motorized beats. Each beat is patrolled by a single officer. The Kihei Substation was established to address the growing need for police services in the Kihei-Makena region. This area was previously served by the Central Station in Wailuku. However, topographical features and the large area to be covered resulted in considerable lags in response times and less than ideal levels of service to communities in outlying areas of Kihei District. 6.4.2.2 Assessment of Existing System Kihei District’s 45 budgeted officers comprise 15.2 percent of the County total. In year 2004, the Kihei District received 9,552 calls for service, or 212.2 per officer, representing 15.6 percent of total calls for service in the County. Due to high call load per officer, calls for service in the Kihei District continue to be shared by officers from the Central Station as needed, however for the purposes of this study, Kihei Substation is assessed as a stand-alone facility. Based on the 2005 population, Kihei District’s current need is estimated at approximately 88 officers (combined uniform patrol and investigative), approximately double the current number assigned to this district (see Table 6-7). At present, the Kihei Substation facilities are inadequate to accommodate a staff this size. A large portion of policing responsibilities must continue to be met by officers dispatched from the Central Station, resulting in excessive response times to calls for service from outlying areas. 6.4.2.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements By the year 2030, a staff of 140 officers (total staff of 184 including officers and support) will be required to adequately service the Kihei Police District (see Table 6-7 and 6-8). This represents an approximately 60-percent increase over the current number of officers assigned to the Kihei- Makena region. To accommodate existing and future personnel and operational requirements and improve the time and effectiveness of service call responses, development of a new, permanent police station in central Kihei is currently being planned. 6.4.3 LAHAINA COMMUNITY PLAN REGION 6.4.3.1 Existing System The Lahaina CPR corresponds to the MPD’s District IV - Lahaina. This district is served by one police station which serves as the MPD headquarters for the Lahaina CPR. The Lahaina Station is currently staffed with 57 budgeted uniformed patrol officers. The district is divided into 5 motorized beats. Each beat is patrolled by a single officer. The main problem facing the Lahaina District police is the large area they are required to cover. The Lahaina District covers the area from the tunnel along the Honoapi‘ilani Highway to the end of the road past Kapalua. The District is divided into Beats as follows: 10 -Lahaina town 6-11 towards Wailuku, 20 - Lahaina town below the highway towards the Hyatt, 30 - Lahaina town above the highway towards the Hyatt, 40 – Ka‘anapali, and 50 – Honokowai to the end of paved road. In addition, when manpower is adequate, foot patrols are scheduled in Lahaina Town. Each Beat is patrolled by a single officer. The extensive area of coverage can cause large lag times between beats in outlying areas as police commute back to the station. For outlying regions this time lag can be considerable, leaving communities less protected. 6.4.3.2 Assessment of Existing System Lahaina District’s 57 budgeted officers comprise about 19.2 percent of the County total. In year 2004, the Lahaina District received 10,555 calls for service, or 185 per officer, representing 17 percent of total calls for service in the County. 6.4.3.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements By the year 2030, a staff of 121 officers and 38 support staff will be required to adequately service the Lahaina Police District (see Table 6-7 and 6-8). This represents an increase of approximately 39 percent over the current number of officers assigned to the Lahaina region. To accommodate future personnel and operational requirements and improve the time and effectiveness of service call responses, expansion of the existing Lahaina Station will be required. 6.4.4 MAKAWAO-PUKALANI-KULA COMMUNITY PLAN REGION 6.4.4.1 Existing System The Makawao-Pukalani-Kula CPR falls within the MPD’s District I - Wailuku (Central), which also includes the CPRs of Paia-Ha‘iku and Wailuku-Kahului. This police district is served by the Wailuku Station, which houses the MPD Headquarters for the entire County. See discussion for this district below – Wailuku-Kahului CPR. 6.4.5 PAIA-HA‘IKU COMMUNITY PLAN REGION 6.4.5.1 Existing System The Paia-Ha‘iku CPR falls within the MPD’s District I - Wailuku (Central), which also includes the CPRs of Makawao-Pukalani-Kula and Wailuku-Kahului. This police district is served by the Wailuku Station, which houses the MPD Headquarters for the entire County. See discussion for this district below – Wailuku-Kahului CPR. 6.4.6 WAILUKU - KAHULUI COMMUNITY PLAN REGION 6.4.6.1 Existing System The Wailuku-Kahului CPR falls within the MPD’s District I - Wailuku (Central), which also includes the CPRs of Makawao-Pukalani-Kula and Paia-Ha‘iku. This police district is served by the Wailuku (Central) Station, which houses the MPD Headquarters for the entire County. The Wailuku Station is currently staffed with 146 budgeted uniformed patrol officers and an estimated share of 38 investigative officers (FY 2005). The number of budgeted officers allocated to this CPR closely mirrors the estimated need shown in Table 6-7. District I is divided into 3 sectors with a total of 11 motorized beats. The Wailuku-Kahului CPR is split between the Wailuku and Kahului Sectors of District I. Each of these sectors is divided into 3 motorized beats. Each beat is patrolled by a single officer.
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6.4.6.2 Assessment of Existing System District I staffing is sufficient to meet the current estimated policing needs of the Wailuku- Kahului Makawao-Pukalani-Kula, and Paia-Ha‘iku CPRs. The Wailuku Station’s 146 budgeted officers comprise about 49.1 percent of the County total. In year 2004, the Wailuku District received 33,247 calls for service, or 227.7 per officer, representing 54 percent of total calls for service in the County. The breakdown of calls for service by police sector and CPR within District I is unknown, thus no inferences regarding the distribution of demand for services can be made from call data. It is important to reiterate that this assessment is based on the assumption that the current and historical police protection levels on Maui have been adequate. The data and correlation between police numbers, crime and accident rates, and population tend to confirm the validity of this assumption. 6.4.6.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements By 2030, police service needs in the Wailuku-Kahului CPR will increase by approximately 41 percent from the current allocation of 162 officers to 229 (Table 6-7). The 67 new officers, will require a further addition of 72 new support positions (technical, clerical, and administrative) to be staffed at the existing Wailuku Station. To accommodate this growth, an expansion of the existing Wailuku Station may be required. Other alternatives include transfer patrol responsibilities for the Paia-Ha‘iku and/or Makawao- Pukalani-Kula CPRs out of the Wailuku Station to new police substations in those areas. A further consideration for planning future police services is the number and distribution of patrol beats. This study does not assess the effectiveness of current patrol coverage in the Wailuku- Kahului CPR. Nevertheless, as regional populations change, beat assignments should be reapportioned or added as necessary to maintain or improve existing levels of service. 6.5 LANA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION
6.5.1 Existing System The entire island of Lana‘i comprises both the Lana‘i CPR and MPD’s District II. This police district is served by the Lana‘i Station, with 11 budgeted uniformed patrol officers and an estimated share of 4 investigative officers. The district is divided into 2 motorized beats. Each beat is patrolled by a single officer. The number of budgeted officers allocated to this CPR exceeds the estimated need shown in Table 6-7. 6.5.2 Assessment of Existing System Lana‘i’s 11 budgeted officers comprise 3.7 percent of the County total. In year 2004, the Lana‘i Station received 1,144 calls for service, or 76 per officer, representing little more than 1 percent of total calls for service in the County. Based on population alone, Lana‘i CPR’s current need is estimated at approximately 9 officers (see Table 6-7). However, given the remoteness of the island and large area requiring police coverage, it is necessary to field more officers to ensure adequate police service. Thus, the current compliment of officers appears justified. The Lana‘i Police Station was recently relocated to a new site and consists of an 8,212-square foot facility that accommodates all of the personnel and operational needs of the Lana‘i Police District. The new police building includes three jail cells for adults and one for a juvenile, in addition to a lobby, several offices and a weight room. It opened on October 8, 2004 at a cost of $4.1 million.
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6.5.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements Lana‘i District has a projected need for 13 officers (combined patrol and investigative) by the year 2030, up from the current assessed need of 11 officers (see Table 6-6). Given the current staffing of 11 officers, police service on Lana‘i is determined to be adequate through the study horizon of 2030. Expansion of existing service within the study period is not required. 6.6 MOLOKA‘I COMMUNITY PLAN REGION
6.6.1 Existing System The entire island of Moloka‘i comprises both the Moloka‘i CPR and MPD’s District V. This police district is served by the Moloka‘i Station, with 29 budgeted uniformed patrol officers and an estimated share of 9 investigative officers. The district is divided into 2 motorized beats. Each beat is patrolled by a single officer. The number of budgeted officers allocated to this CPR exceeds the estimated need shown in Table 6-7. 6.6.2 Assessment of Existing System Moloka‘i’s 29 budgeted officers comprise 9.4 percent of the County total. In year 2004, the Moloka‘i Station received 4,750 calls for service, or 169.6 per officer, representing approximately 7.7 percent of total calls for service in the County. Based on population alone, Moloka‘i CPR’s current need is estimated at approximately 9 officers (see Table 6-7). However, given the remoteness of the island and large area requiring police coverage, it is necessary to field more officers to ensure adequate police service. 6.6.3 Assessment of Future System Requirements Moloka‘i District has a projected need for 13 patrol officers by the year 2030 (see Table 6-7). Given the current staffing of 29 budgeted officers, police service on Moloka‘i is determined to be adequate through the study horizon of 2030. Expansion of existing services within the study period is not required.
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SECTION 7 FIRE CONTROL
7.1 OVERVIEW
An adequate fire protection service, within close proximity to all populated areas, is necessary to protect life and property. The mission of the Maui County Department of Fire Control (DFC) is to “protect life, property and the environment from fires, hazardous material releases and other life- threatening emergencies.” Its officers and equipment are used to fight and control fires, perform emergency rescue services, and provide community education on fire safety.
This study is limited to evaluating the adequacy of fire control facilities in Maui County to the year 2030. It does not attempt to address the quality of services provided by the Department of Fire Control.
7.2 INVENTORY OF EXISTING CONDITIONS
Table 7-1 lists the current fire stations of Maui County. Existing DFC planning criteria provide for an effective service area radius for a fire station of 5 miles, as shown on Figure 7-1. Together, these radii cover most populated areas of Maui.
7.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
7.3.1 Assumptions
This report assumes that development will occur to the maximum potential allowed under current zoning. The analysis of demand focuses on two key drivers of need for fire protection services: distances from the fire station and value of property. The standards for fire services based on these factors were extracted from Urban Planning and Design Criteria by Dechiara and Koppelman (1982).
DFC station planning extends only 5 years into the future. The current study utilizes a 25-year time frame, by analyzing areas that are not adequately covered by both planned and existing facilities.
7.3.2 Distance
Distance from fire stations is used to evaluate the adequacy of fire protection coverage. The current locations of fire stations and 5-road-mile service radii are shown in Figure 7-1.
7.3.3 Property Value Based on Land Use
The planning of future fire stations is also based on the value of property they protect. Comparative property value is divided into three categories: “High Value Districts,” “Residential Districts,” and “Low Density/Rural Districts.”
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Table 7-1 Fire Protection Facilities, Maui County 2005 Name Type* Location TMK Population Served
Wailuku Fire Station #1 E 21 Kinipopo Street 3-4-011-030 23,3131 Paia Fire Station #2 E 760 Loio Lane 2-6-004-003 12,210 Lahaina Fire Station #3 E/L 1762 Honoapi‘ilani Hwy 4-5-021-010 9,9262 Kaunakakai Fire Station #4 E 130 Ainoa Street 5-3-002-097 3,5644 Makawao Fire Station #5 E 134 Makawao Ave. 2-3-007-021 15,4503 Kihei Fire Station #6 E South Kihei Road 3-9-012-036 12,8055 Hana Fire Station #7 E 35 Hana Highway 1-4-006-003 1,998 Lana‘i Fire Station #8 E 1345 Fraser Avenue 4-9-014-013 3,452 Ho‘olehua Fire Station #9 E 2190 Farrington Hwy 5-2-013-027 1,7824 Kahului Fire Station #10 E/T/R 200 Dairy Road 3-8-006-004 23,3131 Napili Fire Station #11 E 4940 Hanawai Street 4-3-003-110 9,9262 Puko’o Fire Station #12 E Kamehameha V Hwy 5-7-007-016 1,7824 Kula Fire Station #13 E 199 Calasa Road 2-2-013-010 7,7253 Wailea Fire Station #14 E Kilohana Street 2-1-008-97 12,8055 Source: County of Maui, Department of Fire Control, 2005 Notes: *Type: E=Engine, L=Ladder, T=Tanker, R=Rescue 1 Wailuku-Kahului = population split 50% to each area 2 Lahaina = population split 50% to Lahaina, 50% to Napili 3 Makawao-Kula = population split 2/3 to Makawao-Pukalani, 1/3 to Kula 4 Moloka‘i = population split 50% to Kaunakakai, 25% to Hoolehua, 25% to Puko’o 5 Kihei-Makena = split 50% to Kihei, 50% to Wailea.
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High Value Districts These include business, industrial warehouse and institutional facilities. For every point in a High Value District, an engine company shall be provided within 1.5 road miles and a ladder company within 2 road miles distance. This distance must enable first response fire fighting apparatus to arrive within 7 minutes.
Residential Districts These include one- and two-story buildings and other detached and semi- detached dwellings. In an average Residential District, response distances may be increased up to 2 road miles for engine companies and 3 road miles for ladder companies. High density (high rise) districts, including apartments or hotels, should reduce those distances to 1.5 and 2 road miles, respectively. The distances specified should also afford first response fire fighting apparatus to arrive within 7 minutes. Currently, ladder companies on Maui are located at the Wailea and Lahaina Fire Stations, which serves many high-rise resorts and condominiums.
Low Density/Rural Districts These areas include both low-density housing and agricultural uses. For the average rural area, road distances for residential uses are 3 road miles, increasing to 5 road miles from the fire station for agricultural uses. Generally, for agricultural coverage only an engine company is required because the lack of high-rise structures does not justify a ladder company.
7.3.4 Topography and Road Conditions
Topographical features such as mountain ranges, traffic conditions, and rivers within a given area affect the fire departments’ ability to respond in a timely manner. This is especially apparent in locations such as Hana, Makawao-Ha‘iku and Kula. The road conditions (e.g. straight, narrow, or winding) also affect the speed in which a fire company can respond to a specific emergency.
7.3.5 Planning for Future Fire Stations
The exact location of proposed fire stations will need to be determined during preparation of the Community Plans. Planning for fire service coverage of residential, resort, and business land uses applies a standards of 2 road miles from a proposed fire station. This assumes that fire stations serving High Value Districts will be comprised of ladder and/or engine companies. In Low Density/Rural District areas, new fire stations housing engine companies should be sited within 3 road miles of residential uses, and 5 miles of agricultural uses. This analysis will also consider what land uses are to be protected, i.e., 1) where adequate coverage will exist for a certain land use, and 2) where a new fire station should be sited if a certain new land use is desired.
The methodology utilized to determine the need for future fire stations is summarized in Table 7-2.
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Table 7-2 Assessment Methodology
Data Input Results 1. Determine location of existing fire stations From fire department by tax map key
2. Determine area of coverage of existing station by land use as follows (radius from station): Agriculture/Rural 5+ road miles Residential 2 - 3 High Value Areas 1.5 - 2
3. The area not covered by the existing stations to be evaluated according to land uses, existing and projected.
4. If the area outside of the coverage area is in residential, Assume there is a need for commercial, industrial or hotel uses a new fire station
7.4 EVALUATION OF MAUI COUNTY FIRE CONTROL ADEQUACY
Figure 7-1 shows the existing fire protection coverage using the national 5 road mile coverage standard for high value and residential areas (it is infeasible to show the 2 road mile radius at this map scale). These maps provide a preliminary indication of fire station coverage and placement. Even at this regional scale, it is apparent that a number of areas are not covered by any station. Being within the 2 road mile radius suggests being able to receive service within 7 minutes, barring any unforeseen circumstances.
Based on the coverage radius of 5 road miles, nearly all of the High Value Districts and most Residential Districts of Maui County are adequately covered. However, a few areas remain at the edges of the fire coverage. The options available to provide better coverage are discussed in sections dealing with each Community Plan Region. In general, the DFC has indicated that future fire facilities appear to be justified for Ha‘iku, Waihe‘e, and Ma‘alaea, in addition to upgrading of existing stations. Locations of new fire stations are shown in Figure 7-2 to provide coverage to the areas at the fringes of existing stations. The final siting of the fire stations will be determined at a later date subject to funding and the availability and suitability of land resources.
7.5 HANA
7.5.1 Assessment of the Existing System
The Hana Station serves this community plan area. Facilities are described in Table 7-1 and shown in Figure 7-1. This figure indicates which areas do not have adequate fire protection. The residential population in Hana is slowly increasing and creating demand for fire facilities to upgrade fire stations and provide more coverage. Further, projected population growth will result in an increasing strain on the community's fire control unit through the year 2030.
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7.5.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements
The major opportunity for Hana is the addition of a fire station closer to Ha‘iku. This would take pressure off the Hana Station by reducing its service boundaries.
7.6 KIHEI-MAKENA
7.6.1 Assessment of the Existing System
Two fire stations serve this area, as shown in Table 7-1 and on Figure 7-1. The first is the Kihei Station, located in the heart of Kihei near Kalama Park. It is responsible for most of the populated areas of Kihei-Makena. The Kahului Station’s service boundary extends into the Ma‘alaea area. The second is the station in Wailea on Kilohana Street. This recently built station has been in service since the end of 2002. This station will provide coverage to the northern portion of the Kihei-Wailea-Makena area.
Kihei-Makena is one of the fastest-growing areas in the islands. Residential population is increasing and new resorts are putting pressure on existing fire facilities to upgrade and provide more coverage. Figure 7-2 shows large areas which do not have adequate fire protection at the Residential District value level. They include the expanding residential and resort areas of Wailea and Makena, northern Kihei, and the residential area surrounding Ma‘alaea. This situation is exacerbated by the construction taking place within the area, and the already large responsibility of the Kihei Station. The completed Wailea Station has taken on coverage of the highly developed resort area of the district and has thereby lessened the coverage burden of the older Kihei Station.
7.6.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements
The major opportunity to 2030 is the establishment of a new fire station in the Ma‘alaea area to cover residential concerns of that area. This would also take pressure off the Kihei Station by reducing its service boundaries. Population figures indicate that those areas may grow at a rate larger than the existing facility could accommodate. Facilities envisioned by DFC include an engine and ladder company in Ma‘alaea and the addition of a ladder company to the existing Kihei Station.
7.7 LAHAINA
7.7.1 Assessment of the Existing System
Two fire stations serve this community plan area, as detailed in Table 7-1 and on Figure 7-1. Lahaina Station is located along the Honoapiilani Highway in Lahaina. It is responsible for the Lahaina, Olowalu and Kaanapali areas. The Napili Station is responsible for the Honokowai, Kapalua and Napili districts.
The Lahaina area is a highly popular tourist destination and one of the fastest-growing areas in the islands. Resorts are putting increasing pressure on fire facilities to upgrade their stations. Projected population growth will continue to place high demands on Lahaina’s fire control facilities through the year 2030.
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Figure 7-1 indicates areas which do not have adequate fire protection in the Lahaina area. These areas include the expanding residential and resort area of Kapalua and the vicinity of Olowalu. In addition, the new development at Launiupoko and areas mauka of Kaanapali are not covered within the 2- mile, high-value radius from the existing Lahaina Station.
7.7.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements
The addition of an engine and ladder company at the southern end of Lahaina town would cover the High Value Districts in Lahaina Town and the developed areas near Lahainaluna High School and Launiupoko.
7.8 MAKAWAO-PUKALANI-KULA
7.8.1 Assessment of the Existing System
Two fire stations serve this community plan area, as detailed in Table 7-1 and shown on Figure 7-1. The Makawao Station is located near the Haleakala Highway in Pukalani. Its service boundaries include all of the community plan region, and the eastern portion of the Paia-Ha‘iku area in the vicinity of upper Ha‘iku. The Kula Fire Station serves portions of Pukalani, upper Kula and the area towards Keokea.
Apart from Pukalani and Makawao, most of this area is rural or agricultural and relatively remote from all other areas of Maui. Future projections show a steady increase in population, which will level out over the next 25 years. Due to its lack of fire facilities, the Makawao-Pukalani-Kula area has the highest fire insurance premiums among the five central and western community plan areas.
Figure 7-1 shows the 5 road mile service radii. All major business and commercial areas in the community appear to be adequately protected within the 2 road mile radius. However, at the maximum radius of 5 road miles, parts of eastern Haiku and portions of southern Haleakala are not covered. The situation is worsened by narrow winding roads in parts of the area which slow emergency vehicle response times.
7.8.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements
Figure 7-2 shows that the Kula area is covered by a fire station with the exception of the Keokea and Ulupalakua areas.
Residential District (2 - 3 mile service area) and High Value District (2 road mile service area) land uses are not expected to occur outside of the projected service area of future planned and existing fire stations. The major opportunity for this region is the establishment of another fire station in the Haiku area. In addition to addressing residential concerns, this will take pressure off the existing fire station by reducing its service boundaries. Parts of Makawao and Hali‘imaile could have some additional 5-mile (Low Density/Rural District) coverage from a new Haiku Station, depending on its ultimate location. Population projections indicate this area will not grow at a rate high enough to lower the adequacy of future planned fire protection.
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7.9 PAIA-HAIKU
7.9.1 Assessment of the Existing System
The fire station serving this area is located on the Hana Highway in Paia. It is responsible for the Paia, Upper Paia, and portions of Haiku areas. Figure 7-1 shows an analysis of the coverage provided by the existing station. This figure indicates that large areas beyond Haiku do not have adequate fire protection based on the Residential District standard of 2 miles.
7.9.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements An additional fire station is planned for Haiku by the DFC. Several sites are being considered however a pre-consultation hearing (planning process) with the community will be held on the specifics of this issue prior to any final site selection or encumbrance of funds for the land. 7.10 WAILUKU-KAHULUI
7.10.1 Assessment of the Existing System
Three fire stations serve Wailuku-Kahului, as detailed in Table 7-1 and on Figure 7-1. The first, Wailuku Fire Station, is located on Kinipopo Street and serves the western portion of the plan area. The second is the Kahului Fire Station on Dairy Road, which serves the central and southeastern portions of the CPR. The third is Paia Station, serving Paia and Spreckelsville.
The Wailuku-Kahului area is the business and commercial center of Maui. Consequently, there are more single-family residential areas, high-density business and commercial uses, and apartment dwellings. Commercial and residential activities are expected to increase, placing additional demands on the community's fire control unit.
Figure 7-1 shows the coverage provided by existing stations within the 5 road mile service radius. Based on the Residential District standard of a 2 road mile service radius, areas around Waihe‘e, Waiehu and Waikapu do not have adequate protection. In addition, the area to the east of the Kahului Airport, surrounding Spreckelsville, is out of range of both the Kahului and Paia stations.
7.10.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements
DFC plans call for an additional fire station at Waikapu. This facility would protect the areas of Maui Lani, Maui Waena, Waikapu and Wailuku Heights, which are within a 2-road mile radius of potential station sites. This station would probably require only an engine company at the outset.
Figure 7-2 illustrates fire service coverage by planned and existing fire stations based on the Residential District standard. The figure shows that the Waihe‘e area is not adequately covered by fire service. Although the DFC is not planning a facility in the Waihe‘e-Waiehu area, this analysis points to a need for one.
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7.11 LANA‘I
7.11.1 Assessment of the Existing System
The Lana‘i City Station serves this community plan area, as detailed in Table 7-1 and shown on Figure 7-1.
Although the population centers of Lana‘i are located a considerable distance apart, they are concentrated near Lana‘i City and the resort at Holupo‘e Bay. Areas between the population centers are open, undeveloped or cultivated in agricultural crops.
7.11.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements
There are no plans for the development of another fire station on Lana‘i at this time.
7.12 MOLOKA‘I
7.12.1 Assessment of the Existing System
Three fire stations serve this island, as detailed in Table 7-1 and shown on Figure 7-1. Kaunakakai Station is located on Ala Malama Street in Kaunakakai and is responsible for the Kaunakakai area. The Hoolehua Station covers Hoolehua and Maunaloa. The Puko‘o Station is located on Kamehameha V Highway, at the east end of the island.
Figure 7-1 shows an analysis of the coverage provided by the existing stations. This figure indicates large areas of Moloka‘i which do not have adequate fire protection at the Residential District level.
Moloka‘i’s population centers are located a considerable distance apart. Areas between towns are open, undeveloped or cultivated areas. The island is also linear in shape, making response from a central location challenging.
7.12.2 Assessment of Future System Requirements
The Kaunakakai station is situated in a flood zone and is overcrowded. As such, a new fire station, which will also include a training classroom and an emergency command center, is planned with construction to begin in July 2007 and completion to occur by July 2008.
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SECTION 8 HOSPITALS
8.1 OVERVIEW
One of the most critical public health facilities is the hospital. This section examines the current supply of hospital facilities in Maui County and analyzes the potential changes in demand for hospital services in the future based on forecast population.
The services provided by hospitals are segmented by the type of medical specialty required. This is expressed as the type of “bed.” Hospital beds relevant to the County of Maui are listed and defined below.
Acute Care - Inpatient (i.e., registered patient occupying a hospital bed) services provided to patients whose average length of stay is usually less than thirty days. Obstetric and Pediatric - "Obstetric" - Inpatient services for the care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and after delivery, including prenatal care, labor, delivery, and postpartum care. "Pediatric" - Inpatient services for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of children. These two types of beds are generally considered together. Medical/Surgical - Inpatient diagnostic and treatment services utilizing medical or operative procedures. Critical (Intensive) Care - Inpatient services providing maximum observation and support of vital functions and definitive therapy for patients with acute but reversible life- threatening impairments of single or multiple vital organ systems. Specialty Care Acute Psychiatric - Inpatient services for the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness or mental disorder in persons. Developmentally Disabled - Inpatient services for the diagnosis and treatment of persons who have a significant sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period. Long Term Care - Inpatient services provided to patients who are chronically ill, aged, disabled, or developmentally disabled and whose average length of stay is usually thirty days or more. Skilled Nursing Facility - long term inpatient services at the highest intensity level of long term care; characterized primarily by the need for 24-hour nursing care. Intermediate Care Facility - long term treatment of patients in stable condition who require daily care, but not round-the clock nursing supervision. Such care is ordered by a doctor and supervised by registered nurses. Intermediate care is less specialized than skilled nursing care and it usually involves more personal care. Home Health Care - long term intermediate care or skilled nursing provided in a private
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residence as opposed to a hospital facility. 8.2 SCOPE OF THIS ANALYSIS AND KEY ASSUMPTIONS
Because hospitals provide a range of services and the cost of building, staffing and maintaining facilities is very high, hospitals generally serve a large area. As a hospital becomes more specialized in health care services provided (geriatrics, psychiatric, etc.), its service area widens further. This analysis will assume each County of Maui hospital serves an island-wide area. Therefore, analysis of supply and demand is presented for the islands of Maui, Moloka‘i, and Lana‘i. Each hospital will be assumed to benefit all of its service area equally.
The estimation of supply and demand assumes that types of licensed beds cannot be transferred from one category to another, because each is tied to a particular medical specialty. The projections assume the rate at which the 2000 population generated the need for hospital beds will be consistent through time. This study does not address the quality of services provided by individual hospitals.
8.3 HOSPITALS SERVING THE COUNTY OF MAUI
All hospital beds in the State of Hawai‘i must be licensed by the State Department of Health, State Health Planning and Development Agency (SHPDA). This agency requires a “certificate of need” to justify the demand for certain types of beds before they are licensed. Once beds are licensed, hospitals must report the actual usage or “occupancy” of the beds over time. A patient’s “length of stay” establishes the boundary between acute care and long term care beds: acute care is less than 30 days and long term care is 30 days or more.
There are five primary licensed hospitals in the County of Maui:
• Maui Memorial Medical Center • Hale Makua (technically called a “nursing facility”) • Kula Hospital • Moloka‘i General Hospital • Lana‘i Community Hospital A number of “specialty care” facilities also serve the County of Maui. The Kalaupapa Care Home in Kalaupapa, Moloka‘i, treats patients with Hansen’s Disease exclusively. Three licensed group substance abuse treatment homes are located in Paia, Maui.
Table 8-1 presents an overview of the five primary hospitals and nursing facilities, including the total beds, service focus, service area, and owner/operator. The locations of these facilities are provided in Figure 8-1.
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Table 8-1 Hospitals of Maui County Licensed Service Hospital Facility Beds Service Focus Area Owner/Operator Acute Care State of Hawai‘i Maui Memorial Maui 251 Critical Care /Hawai‘i Health Systems Medical Center Psychiatric Care Corporation Long Term Care State of Hawai‘i Kula Hospital * Maui 115 Developmentally Disabled /Hawai‘i Health Systems
Care & Urgent Care Corporation Hale Makua (Nursing 362 Long Term Care Maui Hale Makua Facility) Moloka‘i General Long Term Care (2) Moloka‘i The Queen’s Health Hospital * 15 Acute Care (13) Systems
Lana‘i Community Long Term Care State of Hawai‘i/Hawai‘i Lana‘i Hospital * 14 Outpatient Care Health Systems
Urgent Care Corporation Source: SHPDA, Dec. 2004 * See also, Chapter 9, Long Term Care
8.4 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
The product of the assessment methodology is the number of beds required to adequately meet the health care needs of a projected future population of Maui County. Three factors drive the number of beds and are explained in the following three sections. 8.4.1 Population of residents and visitors - how many people may need various types of hospital care; 8.4.2 Average daily census - the number of registered inpatients; and 8..4.3 Hospital occupancy rates - the percentage of total licensed beds that are ideally filled.
8.4.1 Population of Residents and Visitors The population both creates the demand for hospital beds and uses the supply. Hospital bed requirements are often tied to a particular gender or age called a “population cohort.” Certain types of care, such as critical care and acute care, are needed by residents and visitors alike and are used by adults of all ages and both genders. Others, such as children or the elderly, are in an age-specific cohort.
Table 8-2 lists the cohorts associated with estimating demand for hospital beds. Table 8-3 shows the existing supply of licensed hospital and specialty care beds in Maui County in 2006 as well as their location (SHPDA, 2006) for the following: O&P = Obstetrics and Pediatrics, ICU = Intensive care unit; ACU Acute care unit, and LTC = Long term care.
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Table 8-2 Population Cohorts Served by Type of Bed
Hospital Facilities in the County Type of Bed Provided Population Cohorts Served of Maui
Obstetric & Pediatric MMMC Obstetrics - females Moloka‘i General Hospital Pediatrics - males and females from birth to 14 years Acute Care MMMC, Kula Hospital De facto population by island (residents Moloka‘i General Hospital + visitors) Critical Care MMMC De facto population (residents + visitors) Specialty Care MMMC (psychiatric) Residents - The County of Maui Kula Hospital (developmentally disabled) Long Term Care Kula Hospital Residents - Maui, Island Age 65+ Hale Makua Nursing Facility Moloka‘i General Hospital Residents - Moloka‘i, Age 65+ Lana‘i Community Hospital Residents - Lana‘i, Age 65+
Table 8-3 Licensed Hospital Beds of the County of Maui, 2000 Number of Licensed Beds
Location TMK O&P ICU ACU LTC SC TOTAL
Maui Memorial Medical Center Wailuku 3-8-07:01 23 15 167 28 18 251
Kula Hospital Kula 2-2-04:76 0 0 2 104 9 115
Hale Makua Nursing Facility Kahului 3-8-07:84 0 0 0 238 0 238
Wailuku 3-4-19:02 0 0 0 124 0 124
Moloka‘i General Hospital Kaunakakai 5-3-09:17, 22 3 0 10 2 0 15
Lana‘i Community Hospital Lana‘i City 4-9-11:04, 13 0 0 4 10 0 14
SUBTOTAL 26 15 183 506 27 757
SPECIALTY CARE FACILITIES
Maui Memorial Hospital Wailuku 3-8-07:01 0 0 0 0 See SC 0 (psychiatric) above Kula Hospital (Developmentally Kula 2-2-04:76 0 0 0 0 See SC 0 Disabled) above Kalaupapa Care Home (treatment Kalaupapa 6-1-01:01 0 0 0 0 14 14 of Hansen's Disease) The Maui Farm (substance abuse) Paia 2-5-04:81 0 0 0 0 15 15
Ho'omaka Hou (substance abuse) Paia 2-5-04:81 0 0 0 0 16 16
Aloha House (substance abuse) Paia 2-5-04:81 0 0 0 0 32 32
SUBTOTAL - SPECIALTY BEDS 0 0 0 0 77 77
GRAND TOTAL 26 15 183 506 104 834
Sources: Licensed beds, average daily census, occupancy rate: SHPDA, 2006 (website).
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8.4.2 Average Daily Census A hospital's level of occupancy is generally evaluated in terms of its average daily census (ADC). Historical hospital bed occupancy data was obtained from the SHPDA publication entitled Utilization of In-Patient Facilities by County (State Department of Health, 2004).
Table 8-4 presents average daily census statistics for the baseline condition in 2004. The data indicates an underutilization of acute and critical care facilities at Maui Memorial Medical Center and at other hospitals in the County of Maui. Occupancy rates for long-term care exceed the desired occupancy rate of 95% for all long term care facilities.
8.4.3 Hospital Occupancy Rates Occupancy rate, the second factor driving hospital demand, relates to the proportion of licensed beds that are occupied. It is usually calculated as an annual average.
The following discussion references columns in Table 8-4. Occupancy rates are computed by dividing the average daily census (Column C) by the number of licensed beds (Column A). The occupancy rates fluctuate from day to day and vary by the type of care unit and hospital. Although a hospital can operate at a level below its licensed beds, it is not permitted to operate above the licensed number (Column A) for any extended period of time.
The occupancy rate (Column C) is an indicator of the level of service a hospital can provide. For example, if a hospital's occupancy rate is too high (for example at 99% - one bed remaining out of 100 beds), it may not have adequate capacity to accommodate new patients. Some extra beds are needed in order to allow for maintenance, renovation, or emergencies. Emergency care patients, e.g. obstetrics (OB) and critical care unit (CCU), are admitted on a non-scheduled basis. Beds to accommodate these patients have a lower optimal occupancy rate of 75% to permit unforeseen admissions. For non-emergency, acute care beds, an occupancy of 80-85% is acceptable because admissions can be scheduled if bed capacity is fully utilized on a given day. High occupancy in long term care and specialty care is usually acceptable (i.e. 95%) as there is less daily fluctuation. These patients are more than likely to be full-time residents of the island where the care is provided. These desirable rates are summarized below in Table 8-5.
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Table 8-4 Average Daily Census, 2004 A B C D= C / A E F = A x E G = (F - C) Licensed # on Waiting Avg. Daily Occupancy Desired Desired # Surplus or Beds List Census Rate (%) Occupancy Rate Occupied Beds Deficit (%) to Achieve Optimal ADC Obstetrics and Pediatrics MMMC 23 0 10.2 44% 75% 17.3 7.1 MGH 3 0 0.2 7% 75% 2.3 2.1
Critical Care - MMMC 15 0 9.1 61% 75% 11.3 2.2
Acute Care (Medical/Surgical ) MMMC 167 0 119.8 72% 80% 133.6 13.8 KH 2 0 0.2 10% 80% 1.6 1.4 MGH 5 0 0.9 18% 80% 4.0 3.1 Long Term Care (Skilled Nursing Facility [SNF] and Intermediate Care Facility [ICF]) Intermediate Care Facility (ICF) - HM 124 0 121.6 98% 95% 117.8 (3.8)
Skilled Nursing Facility/ICF - HM 238 0 229.3 96% 95% 226.1 (3.2) SNF/ICF - Lana‘i Community Hospital 10 0 9.5 95% 95% 9.5 0.0 SNF/ICF - Moloka‘i General Hospital 2 0 2 100% 95% 1.9 (0.1) Acute/SNF - KH (wait list is incorporated in ICF) 104 0 96.7 93% 95% 98.8 2.1 Acute/SNF - LCH 10 0 9.5 95% 95% 9.5 0.0 Skilled Nursing -MMMC 28 0 4.3 15% 95% 26.6 22.3 Specialty Care Psychiatric - MMMC 18 9.8 54% 95% 17.1 7.3 Developmentally Disabled - Kula Hospital 9 7.9 88% 95% 8.6 0.6 Hansen's Disease - Kalaupapa 14 5.1 36% 95% 13.3 8.2 Therapeutic Group Homes Aloha House, Inc. - Paia 32 16 50% 95% 30.4 14.4 Ho'omaka Hou - Paia 33 12 36% 95% 31.4 19.4 The Maui Farm - Paia 15 6.7 45% 95% 14.3 7.6
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Table 8-5 Desirable Hospital Occupancy Rates
Type of Bed Occupancy Guideline
Obstetric and Pediatric 75%
Critical Care Unit 75%
Acute Care 80-85%
Long Term Care 95%
Specialty Care 95%
Using the guidelines above, the following can be interpreted from the 2004 occupancy data shown above in Table 8-4.
• Obstetric and Pediatric Beds are significantly underutilized throughout the County of Maui, with a maximum actual occupancy rate of 44% compared to the desirable rate of 75%.
• Critical Care Beds, available only at Maui Memorial Medical Center, stayed occupied at 61% occupancy rate in 2004, compared to the desirable rate of 75%.
• Acute Care Beds appeared to be underutilized at MMMC. Moloka‘i and Kula experienced occupancy of less than 20% of acute care bed capacity compared to the desirable rate of 80-85%.
• Long-Term Care Beds at Hale Makua appeared to be inadequate to handle demand in 2004, with occupancy rates exceeding the desired rate of 95%. Kula Hospital’s long term care (Acute/SNF) beds were underutilized at 93%.
• Specialty Care beds were generally underutilized in facilities in the County of Maui in 2004. The optimal occupancy rate for specialty care beds is 95% and this was not achieved by any of the facilities.
8.4.4 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Hospital Beds The following sections present estimated future demand for hospital beds. Future demand was estimated based on the methodology presented in Table 8-6.
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Table 8-6 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Hospital Beds
# Step Analysis Data Source
1 Inventory current supply of Given. SHPDA Website, 2006 hospital beds in the County of Maui by location and facility.
2 For each facility and type of ADC = average occupied SHPDA Website, 2006 bed, inventory data on beds / licensed beds of a number of beds and average certain type daily census (ADC) and number of wait listed patients (if any).
3 Present the actual and Given. 2000-2030 population forecast, the Maui County forecast population by Planning Department, July 2006 gender and age for Maui Island, Moloka‘i and Lana‘i.
4 Identify populations that Given. 2000-2030 population forecast, Maui County generate demand for a Planning Department, July 2006 certain kind of bed.
5 Calculate the “generation Generation rate = average Population: 2000-2030 population forecast, Maui rate” of demand for beds daily census for 2000 divided County Planning Department, July 2006. (rate at which a relevant by relevant population in 2000. population generates the Bed utilization statistics: SHPDA, 2006 need for a certain type of bed).
6 Calculate the Estimated ADC = generation rate SHPDA, 2006 Average Daily Census for multiplied by the relevant Years 2005-2030 population for a given year.
7 Estimate the total number of Compare currently licensed Derived. beds needed by years for the beds to the number of beds island. needed in the future.
8 Estimate the additional beds Subtract beds needed from Derived. needed over currently- currently licensed beds of a licensed beds, if any. certain type.
9 For illustrative purposes 1. Calculate 2000 proportion of Derived. regarding Maui Island, area vs. Maui Island allocate demand for new long population of residents. term care beds by planning region. 2. Apply this proportion to allocate the need for long term care beds generated by each area of Maui.
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8.5 MAUI ANALYSIS
8.5.1 Existing Hospital Facilities on Maui Maui Memorial Medical Center (MMMC), Wailuku
Owned by the State of Hawai‘i and operated by the Hawai‘i Health Systems Corporation, this is the County of Maui’s only critical care facility. MMMC is licensed for 206 beds. The County of Maui’s acute care facilities are concentrated in this facility, which has 96% of the acute care beds. Patient services at MMMC include: • Radiology, CT Scan, MRI, Ultrasound, Nuclear Medicine, Thallium Stress Treadmills, General Angiography and Interventional Procedures, Cardioversion, Ablations, EP Studies, Cardiac Catheterization, Pacemakers, ERCP, Stereotactic Mammography • Cardiac and Intensive Care Unit, Progressive Care Unit, Tilt Table Testing • Psychiatric Care -Adolescent/Adult/Partial Hospitalization • Physical, Occupational, and Recreational Therapy Outpatient Surgery • Surgery & Post-Anesthesia Care Unit • Obstetrics/Gynecology with childbirth education classes • Cancer Center (medical oncology, radiation oncology) • 24-Hour Emergency Care, Urgent Care • Pharmacy • Respiratory Therapy • Pediatrics • Telemetry • EEG • Laboratory • 24-hour services • Echocardiography, Transesophageal echos, Treadmill stress tests • Neurosurgery • Endoscopy • Urgent Care • Nutrition Services • General Med/Surg • Sleep Disorder Unit • Outpatient Observation Unit MMMC is the only hospital in the County to provide inpatient psychiatric services.
Kula Hospital (KH), Kula, Maui
Kula Hospital is owned and operated by the Hawai‘i Health Systems Corporation. Kula Hospital’s patient services include: • Limited Acute Care (2 beds) • Inpatient Skilled Nursing and Intermediate Care (104 beds) • Developmentally Disabled Inpatient Services (9 beds) • Alzheimers and Dementia Care
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• Family Practice Clinic Services • Pharmacy • Physical, Occupational Therapy • Laboratory & X-Ray Services • Outpatient Clinic • Urgent Care Kula Hospital is the only facility in the County of Maui offering long-term care beds for the developmentally disabled.
Hale Makua (HM), Wailuku and Kahului
Hale Makua is a private, not-for-profit health care facility founded in 1947 to “provide a nursing home for elders on Maui who had no one to care for them or the means to pay for needed services.” The original facility in Wailuku now offers 124 beds for long-term care. Completed in 1996, the Hale Makua Kahului facility offers 238 beds for residents needing skilled nursing and intermediate levels of nursing care.
The Maui Farm, Ho’omaka Hou and Aloha House, Paia
These three Maui facilities, offering substance abuse group treatment facilities, are considered “specialty care” operations.
8.5.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand Table 8-7 shows the past, current and projected future populations for Maui Island arranged by sex and age cohorts.
Table 8-8 shows the calculation of a “generation rate” in 2000, reflecting how many hospital beds were required by the relevant population cohorts.
Table 8-9 shows the projections of hospital beds needed to serve Maui from 2005 to 2030. Projections are expressed in terms of expected average daily census (ADC) which meets the standard for desirable occupancy rates by type of hospital bed. See Table 8-4.
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Table 8-7 Relevant Maui Populations, Actual to 2000 and Projected to 2030 Maui 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Males 0-14 10,467 12,427 13,326 14,267 15,489 16,494 17,689 18,880 15-65 32,021 41,158 45,001 48,076 49,757 51,600 53,614 56,384 65+ 4,803 5,957 6,561 7,889 10,295 12,937 15,563 17,565 Total males 47,291 59,542 64,888 70,232 75,541 81,031 86,866 92,829 Females 0-14 10,017 12,047 12,997 13,932 15,003 15,957 17,101 18,241 15-44 21,691 25,182 25,704 26,791 31,155 30,186 32,267 34,820 45-65 8,318 14,294 17,693 19,815 20,622 20,642 20,536 20,811 65+ 5,249 7,311 8,141 9,571 11,792 14,555 17,414 19,402 Total females 45,275 58,834 64,535 70,109 78,572 81,340 87,318 93,274
Resident Population 92,566 118,376 129,423 140,341 154,113 162,371 174,184 186,103 De Facto Population 129,511 159,461 175,147 189,764 205,725 221,238 237,665 254,445 Source: Maui County Planning Department, July 2006
Table 8-8 Maui Demand Generation Rate, 2000 Base Year A B C Actual Avg. Daily Census + Waiting Population Rate = List, If Any Served (A*100) / B
Obstetric (females ages 15-44) 25,182 Pediatric (males and females to age 14) 24,474 Obstetric + Pediatric 10 49,656 0.020138553 Critical Care (De Facto Population) 9 159,461 0.005644013 Acute Care (De Facto Population) 120 159,461 0.07525351 Specialty care (Island resident population) 10 118,376 0.008447658 Long Term Care (Island resident population 472 13,268 3.557431414 age 65+)
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Table 8-9 Expected Demand for Hospital Beds on Maui, 2005-2030 Estimated ADC A =Population Served B = Rate Estimates - 2005 (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 52,027 0.020 10 Critical Care 175,147 0.006 10 Acute Care 129,423 0.075 97 Specialty care 129,423 0.008 11 Long Term Care 14,702 3.557 523 Estimated ADC A =Population Served B = Rate Estimates - 2010 (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 54,990 0.0201 11 Critical Care 189,764 0.0056 11 Acute Care 140,341 0.0753 106 Specialty care 140,341 0.0084 12 Long Term Care 17,460 3.5574 621 Estimated ADC A =Population Served B = Rate Estimates - 2015 (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 61,647 0.0201 12 Critical Care 205,725 0.0056 12 Acute Care 154,113 0.0753 116 Specialty care 154,113 0.0084 13 Long Term Care 22,087 3.5574 786 Estimated ADC A =Population Served B = Rate Estimates - 2020 (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 62,637 0.0201 13 Critical Care 221,238 0.0056 12 Acute Care 162,371 0.0753 122 Specialty care 162,371 0.0084 14 Long Term Care 27,492 3.5574 978 Estimated ADC A =Population Served B = Rate Estimates - 2025 (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 67,057 0.0201 14 Critical Care 237,665 0.0056 13 Acute Care 174,184 0.0753 131 Specialty care 174,184 0.0084 15 Long Term Care 32,977 3.5574 1,173 Estimated ADC A =Population Served B = Rate Estimates - 2030 (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 71,941 0.020 14 Critical Care 254,445 0.006 14 Acute Care 254,445 0.075 191 Specialty care 186,103 0.008 16 Long Term Care 36,967 3.557 1,315
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Table 8-10 compares the actual 2004 average daily census (ADC) and currently licensed beds in Maui hospitals to the expected demand for hospital beds in years 2005 to 2030. Table 8-10 Demand for Beds and Expected Deficits Maui Island Hospitals Desired No. of Beds at ADC + Wait Proper 2004 List, If Any Occupancy % Licensed (2004) * (2004) * Beds * 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Obstetric + Pediatric 10 10 23 10 11 12 13 14 14 Critical Care 9 13 15 10 11 12 12 13 14 Acute Care 120 147 167 97 106 116 122 131 191 EXPECTED SURPLUS/(DEFICIT) - Acute Care Beds over Licensed Beds 70 61 51 45 36 (24)
Specialty Care (island resident population) 10 57 107 11 12 13 14 15 16 Long Term Care 472 482 494 523 621 786 978 1,173 1,315 EXPECTED SURPLUS/(DEFICIT) - Long Term Care Beds over Licensed Beds (29) (127) (292) (484) (679) (821)
* Table 8-4
8.6 LANA‘I ANALYSIS
8.6.1 Existing Hospital Facilities on Lana‘i Lana‘i Community Hospital (LCH), the only hospital on the island of Lana‘i, offers the following patient services include:
• 24-Hour Emergency Care • Limited Laboratory & X-Ray Services • Limited Acute Care • Extended Care (long-term services) • Hemodialysis Services (Hawai‘i Health Systems Corporation, 2002)
8.6.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand
Table 8-11 provides the actual and projected population levels on Lana‘i that will drive the demand for long term care beds and outpatient services.
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Table 8-11 Relevant Lana‘i Population, Actual to 2000 and Projected to 2030 Lana‘i Island 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Males 0-14 273 376 393 412 450 476 502 529 15-65 729 999 1,085 1,168 1,232 1,282 1,335 1,399 65+ 254 234 256 289 342 405 481 553 1,256 1,609 1,734 1,869 2,024 2,163 2,318 2,481 Females 0-14 269 366 382 402 440 465 491 518 15-44 421 622 638 667 703 740 777 823 45-65 288 364 441 505 538 545 554 568 65+ 192 232 259 291 342 396 457 512 1,170 1,584 1,720 1,865 2,023 2,146 2,279 2,421 Resident Population (males 2,426 3,193 3,454 3,734 4,047 4,309 4,597 4,902 and females) De Facto Population 2,629 4,243 4,587 4,963 5,377 5,725 6,110 6,513 (Residents + Visitors)
Source: Maui County Planning Department, July 2006
Table 8-12 shows the calculation of a “generation rate” in 2000, reflecting the level of demand for various types of hospital beds. Lana‘i Community Hospital is primarily a long term care facility with very limited capacity and usage for acute care. This is shown in the very low occupancy levels for inpatients. This is primarily an urgent care (outpatient) facility. Table 8-12 Lana‘i Generation Rate, 2000 Base Year A B C Actual Avg. Population Generation Rate Daily Census Served 2000 =(A*100) / B Obstetric (females ages 15-44) N/A N/A N/A Pediatric (males and females to age 14) N/A N/A N/A Obstetric + Pediatric N/A N/A N/A Critical Care (De Facto Population) N/A N/A N/A Acute Care (De Facto Population) 0.2 4,243 0.004713646 Specialty care (island resident population) N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care (resident population age 65+) 9.5 598 1.588628763
Table 8-13 shows the projections of long term care beds needed to serve Lana‘i from 2005 to 2030.
8-15
Table 8-13 Expected Demand for Hospital Beds on Lana‘i, 2005-2030 Estimated Average Daily Estimates - 2005 A = Population Served B = Rate Census (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric N/A N/A N/A Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care 4,587 0.004713646 0.2 Specialty care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care 515 1.588628763 8.2 Estimates - 2010 Estimated Average Daily A = Population Served B = Rate Census (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric N/A N/A N/A Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care 4,963 0.004713646 0.2 Specialty care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care 580 1.588628763 9.2 Estimates - 2015 Estimated Average Daily A = Population Served B = Rate Census (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric N/A N/A N/A Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care 5,377 0.004713646 0.3 Specialty care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care 684 1.588628763 10.9 Estimates - 2020 Estimated Average Daily A = Population Served B = Rate Census (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric N/A N/A N/A Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care 5,725 0.004713646 0.3 Specialty care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care 801 1.588628763 12.7 Estimates - 2025 Estimated Average Daily A = Population Served B = Rate Census (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric N/A N/A N/A Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care 6,110 0.004713646 0.3 Specialty care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care 938 1.588628763 14.9 Estimates - 2030 Estimated Average Daily A = Population Served B = Rate Census (A*B)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric N/A N/A N/A Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care 6,513 0.004713646 0.3 Specialty care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care 1065 1.588628763 16.9
8-16
Table 8-14 compares the actual 2004 average daily census (ADC) and currently licensed acute care beds on Lana‘i to the expected demand for hospital beds in years 2005 to 2030. This analysis shows that Lana‘i Community Hospital has, and is expected to have, excess capacity for acute care beds. Table 8-14 Demand for Beds and Expected Deficits, Lana‘i
Desired Number of Beds at Proper ADC + Wait List, If Occupancy % Licensed Any (2000) (2000) Beds 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Acute Care 0.2 1 4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Long Term Care 9.5 9.5 10 8.2 9.2 10.9 12.7 14.9 16.9
8.7 MOLOKA‘I ANALYSIS
8.7.1 Existing Hospital Facilities on Moloka‘i Moloka‘i General Hospital (MGH), Kaunakakai, Moloka‘i
Moloka‘i General Hospital (MGH) provides the only emergency room and urgent care clinic for residents and visitors on the Island of Moloka‘i. SHPDA listed MGH as a 15-bed rural health care facility in 2006. Operationally, 2 of these beds are allocated to long-term care, including the swing beds designated as Acute/SNF (Personal communication, Moloka‘i General Hospital, Sept. 2006). MGH is licensed for 10 acute care/medical surgical beds and 3 low-risk obstetrical inpatient beds. Additional patient services include kidney health, diabetes management, preventive health, high-risk weight management, compassionate care/hospice services, family planning and family support services on an outpatient basis. Many of the hospital's preventive health services to the large Hawaiian community on Moloka‘i are offered in partnership with Na Puuwai, Native Hawaiian Health Care System (The Queen's Health Systems, 2001).
Moloka‘i General Hospital is qualified as the County of Maui’s only “critical access facility.” Facilities in this category are described as follows:
• The facility has no more than 15 beds. • “Critical access” care is offered, in which patients stay less than 96 hours on the average for acute care and for no more than 24 hours for obstetric care. • The facility is more than 30 miles from the nearest hospital. Kalaupapa Care Home
This is a specialty care facility in the isolated Moloka‘i community of Kalaupapa. The facility’s 14 beds are exclusively devoted to the care of patients with Hansen’s Disease. In 2000, the average daily census was 5.5, indicating an occupancy rate of 39% with an average length of stay of 91 days (SHPDA, 2004; Table 8-2).
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8.7.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand
Table 8-15 provides the actual and projected population levels on Moloka‘i that will drive the demand for obstetric and pediatric, acute care and long term care beds.
Table 8-16 shows the calculation of a “generation rate” in 2000, reflecting the level of demand for various types of hospital beds by the relevant population. On Moloka‘i, relevant types of hospital beds include obstetric and pediatric, acute care, and long-term care. Moloka‘i General Hospital does not provide critical care or specialty care beds. Table 8-15 Relevant Moloka‘i Populations, Actual to 2000 and Projected to 2030 Moloka‘i Island 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Males 0-14 1,060 947 881 871 912 930 959 991 15-65 1,866 2,064 2,114 2,155 2,161 2,171 2,200 2,265 65+ 483 507 484 522 612 710 807 882 Total males 3,409 3,518 3,479 3,548 3,685 3,811 3,966 4,138 Females 0-14 44 45 57 72 82 81 79 90 15-44 1,568 1,662 1,559 1,548 1,584 1,616 1,666 1,734 45-65 896 953 859 832 826 842 874 884 65+ 708 955 992 1,103 1,202 1,242 1,248 1,264 Total females 3,308 3,786 3,647 3,727 3,856 3,965 4,104 4,254
Resident Population 6,717 7,304 7,126 7,275 7,541 7,776 8,070 8,392 De Facto Population (Residents + Visitors) 7,677 8,131 7,826 7,991 8,283 8,536 8,861 9,219
Table 8-16 Moloka‘i Demand Generation Rate, 2000 Base Year Estimate - 2000 A B C Actual Avg. Population Moloka‘i Island Relevant Populations Daily Census Served Rate =(A*100) / B
Obstetric (females ages 15-44) 1,372 Pediatric (males & females to age 14) 1,937 Obstetric + Pediatric 1 3,309 0.03022061 Critical Care (De Facto Population) N/A N/A N/A Acute Care (De Facto Population) 1 8,131 0.01229861 Specialty care (island resident population) N/A N/A N/A
Long Term Care (resident population age 65+) 2 1,025 .01951
Table 8-17 shows the projections of hospital beds needed to serve Moloka‘i from 2005 to 2030, expressed as an estimated average daily census which meets the standard for desirable occupancy rates. 8-18
Table 8-17 Expected Demand for Hospital Beds on Moloka‘i, 2005-2030 Estimates - 2005 A B Estimated ADC Population Served Rate (B*A)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 1,802 0.03 0.54 Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care (Medical/surgical beds) 7,826 0.012 0.94 Specialty care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care (SNF/ICF + Acute/SNF) 984 0.195121951 1.92 Estimates - 2010 A B Estimated ADC Population Served Rate (B*A)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 1,786 0.03 0.54 Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care (Medical/surgical beds) 7,991 0.012 0.96 Specialty care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care (SNF/ICF + Acute/SNF) 1,059 0.195121951 2.1 Estimates - 2015 A B Estimated ADC Population Served Rate (B*A)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 1,869 0.03 0.56 Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care 8,283 0.012 0.99 Specialty Care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care (SNF/ICF + Acute/SNF)) 1,228 0.195121951 2.4 Estimates - 2020 A B Estimated ADC Population Served Rate (B*A)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 1,908 0.03 0.57 Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care (Medical/Surgical beds) 8,536 0.012 1.02 Specialty care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care (SNF/ICF + Acute/SNF) 1,409 0.195121951 2.75 Estimates - 2025 A B Estimated ADC Population Served Rate (B*A)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 1,967 0.03 0.59 Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care (Medical/Surgical beds) 8,861 0.012 1.06 Specialty care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care (SNF/ICF + Acute/SNF) 1,587 0.195121951 3.10 Estimates - 2030 A B Estimated ADC Population Served Rate (B*A)/100 Obstetric + Pediatric 2,032 0.03 0.61 Critical Care N/A N/A N/A Acute Care (Medical/Surgical beds) 9,219 0.012 1.11 Specialty care N/A N/A N/A Long Term Care (SNF/ICF + Acute/SNF) 1,718 0.195121951 3.35
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Table 8-18 compares the desired number of beds at favorable occupancy rates (Table 8-4 and Table 8-5) to the expected demand in years 2005 to 2030 and to the licensed beds in 2004. The results indicate no need for additional hospital beds through 2030 over currently-licensed levels. Table 8-18 Demand for Beds, Moloka‘i ADC + Desired Wait Number of List, If Beds at Proper Licensed Any Occupancy % Beds (2000) (2000) 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Obstetric + Pediatric 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Acute Care (Medical/Surgical) 1 0 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 Long Term Care (SNF/ICF + Acute/SNF) 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
8-20 SECTION 9 LONG TERM CARE
9.1 OVERVIEW The care of the elderly is becoming an increasingly important component of the health care system. Of particular concern during this report’s forecast period – the next twenty years -- is the aging of the so-called Baby Boom generation, which will increase the demand for long term care in Maui County.
Hospital beds for long term care, in which patients stay 30 days or longer, are customarily occupied from 95-98% by people over the age of 65. Therefore, long term care is defined by the State of Hawaii as follows:
“Long Term Care means inpatient services provided to patients who are chronically ill, aged, disabled, or developmentally disabled and whose average length of stay is usually thirty days or more.” (Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 11)
The discussion of long term care draws from forecasts and interviews as well as Report of the 2001 Maui Long Term Care Task Force, a document considered the currently-definitive paper on Maui long term care needs (Personal communication, Marilyn Matsunaga, SHPDA).
9.2 SCOPE OF THIS ANALYSIS The focus of this section is on long term care hospital beds licensed by the State of Hawaii. Types of care falling into this category include intermediate care, skilled nursing care, dementia care and Alzheimer’s care. Non-institutional or non-health care opportunities for the elderly of Maui County, such as assisted living, home health care, day care, and foster care, are outside the scope of this analysis.
Licensed long term care beds fall into the following categories: Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) - a health care facility offering the highest intensity level of long term care; characterized primarily by the need for 24-hour nursing care. There are no facilities in Maui County that have beds licensed exclusively as SNF. This is because of the need for flexibility in the types of beds as patient needs fluctuate. Intermediate Care Facility (ICF) - facility treating patients in stable condition who require daily care, but not round-the clock nursing supervision (otherwise known as “nursing home care”). SNF/ICF - indicates a “swing” bed that can be used either for skilled nursing or intermediate (nursing home) care, depending on the long term care facility’s greatest need at a given time. Acute/SNF - another variety of swing bed in which nursing care is provided 24 hours a day and the bed is allocated to acute care or skilled nursing depending on current need.
9-1 This study does not attempt to analyze the locational, operational, or economic implications of developing additional long term care facilities in the future.
9.3 RELEVANT MAUI COUNTY POPULATION TRENDS The need for long term care has been steadily increasing over the last eleven years. The population on Maui aged 65+ increased over 35% from 1990 to 2000. The populations over age 75 and age 85 increased at an even higher rate. Admissions to Maui’s nursing homes also increased. Hale Makua increased bed capacity in 1996 at its Kahului facility. In the year 2000 all of Maui’s nursing home beds were nearly filled to capacity (Report of the 2001 Maui Long Term Care Task Force, November, 2001).
The elderly population of Maui County is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate of 1.63% to 2020, as opposed to a rate of 1.52% for the County population as a whole. This increase will affect the need for long term care facilities. Four licensed hospitals in the County of Maui currently provide long term care. They are located in Figure 9-1 and listed in Table 9-1. Table 9-1 Hospitals with Long Term Care Facilities, Maui County
Licensed Long Term Care SNF/ Service Hospital Facility Beds SNF ICF ICF Acute/SNF Area Owner/Operator
State of Hawai‘i / Kula Hospital 98 0 0 0 98 Maui Hawai‘i Health Systems Corporation
Hale Makua 362 0 124 238 0 Maui Hale Makua (Nursing Facility)
Moloka‘i General The Queen’s Health 2 0 0 13 0 Moloka‘i Hospital* Systems
Lana‘i State of Hawai‘i / Community 14 0 0 10 4 Lana‘i Hawai‘i Health Hospital Systems Corporation
TOTAL 476 0 124 261 102
Source: Table 2, SHPDA Approved Long Term Care Bed Capacity as of December 31, 2000, State of Hawai‘i, 2004
* Note: Moloka‘i General Hospital no longer provides long term care. The two remaining beds will be converted to other uses when the patients leave the system.
9-2
9-3 9.4 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY Future demand for long term care in Maui County is expressed and analyzed in terms of the need for “beds.” Analyzing future demand based on beds is consistent with the State of Hawai‘i's method of determining capital improvement program (CIP) requirements. This method examines the actual use of beds (occupancy) and population cohort (the segment of the population that will create demand for a certain type of hospital bed). In Maui County psychiatric and developmentally disabled patients are considered recipients of “specialty care.” Therefore health care facilities account for and forecast demand for them apart from “long term care beds.”
The product of the assessment methodology is the number of long term care beds required to adequately meet the health care needs of a projected future population of the elderly in Maui County.
Three factors that drive the demand for long term care beds are explained in the following sections.
9.4.1 Population of residents needing long term care;
9.4.2 Average daily census - the number of registered inpatients; and
9.4.3 Desired level of occupancy - how many beds are ideally filled.
9.4.1 Population of Residents Age 65+ The first factor driving demand for long term care beds is the population of elderly who both create the demand for beds and utilize the supply of beds. Since each hospital facility in Maui County serves their entire island in which it is located, the examination of supply and demand for long term care facilities was also performed on an island-by-island basis.
Hospital bed requirements are tied to particular gender and age combinations called population cohorts. Table 9-2 shows the expected population levels of the elderly on Lana‘i, Maui, and Moloka‘i from 2000 to 2030. The County is expected see a 169% overall growth in the elderly population cohort to 2030, with 95% of that growth on Maui Island. Table 9-2 Actual 2000 and Projected Elderly Population for 2005-2030, Maui County
Net Percent Change Change 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2000-2030 2000-2030 Maui 13,268 14,702 17,460 22,087 27,492 32,977 36,067 23,699 56% Moloka‘i 1,025 984 1,059 1,228 1,409 1,587 1,718 693 148% Lana‘i 466 515 580 684 801 938 1,065 599 78% Total 14,759 16,201 19,099 23,999 29,702 35,502 39,750 24,991 59% Source: Maui County Planning Department July 2006
9-4 9.4.2 Average Daily Census The third factor driving demand is a hospital's level of occupancy, which is generally evaluated in terms of average daily census (ADC). Long term care involves hospital stays of 30 days or more, so the average daily census is more stable than for acute or critical care beds serving shorter-term health care needs. The optimal average daily census takes into consideration both the actual census and the optimal percent occupancy of 95%, and the existence of a waiting list indicating pent-up demand.
Table 9-3 presents an analysis of average daily census statistics for the baseline condition in year 2000. The data illustrate that occupancy rates for long term care beds in Maui County often exceed the desired occupancy rate of 95% on Maui but not on Moloka‘i or Lana‘i. Hale Makua shows a current deficit of beds when the desired occupancy and waiting lists are considered (Table 9-3, Column G).
9.4.3 Occupancy Rates The second factor driving hospital demand, occupancy rate, is calculated by dividing the number of beds that are occupied on the average day (average daily census) by the licensed beds for a particular category. This ratio fluctuates from day to day depending on the type of care unit and hospital.
The numbers presented in Table 9-3, Column C, represent the annual average ADC for Maui County facilities in 2004. Although a hospital can operate at a level below its licensed beds, it is not permitted to operate above its licensed number for any extended period of time. Table 9-3 Long Term Care: Average Daily Census by Type of Bed and Facility, 2004 A B C D E F G (B + C) /E (A - F) Desired # Occupied Beds to Surplus of # on Avg. Desired Achieve Licensed Beds Licensed Waiting Daily Occupancy Occupancy Optimal OR (Negative = Beds List Census Rate (%) Rate (%) ADC Deficit) Intermediate Care Facility (ICF) - 124 12 117.2 94% 95% 136 -12 Hale Makua Skilled Nursing Facility/ICF - Hale 238 0 235.3 98% 95% 248 -10 Makua SNF/ICF - Lana‘i Community 10 0 0.6 6% 95% 1 9 Hospital Acute/SNF - Kula Hospital (wait 98 0 93.8 94% 95% 99 1 list is incorporated in ICF) Acute/SNF - Lana‘i Community 4 0 0.2 5% 95% 1 3 Hospital Acute/SNF -Moloka‘i General 2 0 0.3 5% 95% 1 1 Hospital Source: SHPDA, 2001 and MHG 2006
Occupancy is an indicator of the level of service a hospital can provide. In 2000, long term care beds at Hale Makua appeared to be inadequate to handle demand, with occupancy rates consistently exceeding the desired rate of 95%. Lana‘i Community Hospital’s long term care beds were underutilized at 5% occupancy in 2000.
9-5 9.4.4 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Long Term Care Beds The methodology presented in Table 9-4 was used to estimate future demand for long term care on the islands of Maui, Moloka‘i, and Lana‘i to year 2030. Table 9-4 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Long Term Care Beds
# Step Analysis Data Source
1 Inventory current supply of long Given. SHPDA Website, 2006, Table 6, Type term care beds in the County of of Beds by Facility, 2004 Maui by location and facility.
2 Inventory data on number of ADC = average occupied beds / SHPDA Website, 2006, Table 6, Type beds and average daily census licensed beds of a certain type. of Beds by Facility, 2004 (ADC) and number of wait listed patients (if any).
3 Present the actual and forecast Given. 2000-2030 baseline population population by gender and age for forecast, the Maui County Planning Lana‘i, Maui, and Moloka‘i. Department July 2006
4 Identify populations that Given. 2000-2030 baseline resident population generate demand for long term forecast, the Maui County Planning care beds. Department July 2006
5 Calculate the “generation rate” of Divide the average daily census for long Population: 2000-2030 baseline demand for long term care beds term care beds on Lana‘i, Maui, and resident population forecast, age cohort (rate at which the age 65+ Moloka‘i in 2000 by population age 65+ 65+ (Maui County Planning Department population generates the need for each island in 2000. July 2006)Bed utilization statistics: for a certain type of bed). SHPDA, 2004
6 Calculate the estimated average Calculate the average daily census by SHPDA, 2004 daily census for years 2005, multiplying the generation rate of the 65+ 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, &2030. population cohort for a given year.
7 Estimate the total number of long Multiply the average daily census by the Derived. term care beds needed by years relevant population in 2005, 2010, 2015, for Lana‘i, Maui, and Moloka‘i, 2020, 2025, & 2030. Subtract the versus licensed beds. licensed beds from the expected beds to determine if there is an expected deficit.
8 For Maui, allocate demand for 1. Calculate 2000 proportion of planning Derived. long term care beds by area vs. Maui population of residents. community plan region. 2. Apply this proportion to allocate the need for new long term care beds by each community plan region.
9 For Maui, allocate demand for 1. Calculate the percent of total Maui Derived. new long term care beds long term care average daily census for between Kula Hospital and Hale each long term care facility. Makua. 2. Multiply these proportions by the total average daily census for Maui in 2000.
9.5 MAUI
9.5.1 Existing Long Term Care Facilities on Maui Hale Makua (HM), Wailuku and Kahului. Hale Makua is a private, not-for-profit health care facility founded in 1947 to “provide a nursing home for elders on Maui who had no one to care for them or the means to pay for needed services.” The original facility in Wailuku now offers
9-6 124 beds for long-term care. Completed in 1996, Hale Makua’s nursing facility in Kahului offers 238 beds for residents needing skilled nursing and intermediate levels of nursing care (Hale Makua, 2002).
Kula Hospital (KH), Kula. Kula Hospital is owned and operated by the Hawai‘i Health Systems Corporation of the State of Hawai‘i. Kula Hospital’s patient services include: • Limited Acute Care • Inpatient Skilled Nursing and Intermediate Care • Developmentally Disabled Inpatient Services (ICF-MR) • Alzheimers and Dementia Care • Family Practice Clinic Services • Pharmacy • Physical, Occupational Therapy • Laboratory & X-Ray Services • Outpatient Clinic • Urgent Care
9.5.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand, Maui Table 9-2 shows the past, current and projected future populations for Maui residents ages 65 and above. Table 9-5 shows the calculation of a “generation rate” in 2000, reflecting how many long term care beds were required by the elderly. Table 9-5 Maui Demand Generation Rate, 2000 Base Year A
Actual Avg. Daily B C Census + Waiting List, If Any Population Served Rate =(A*100) / B Long Term Care 446 13,268 3.3615 (island resident population age 65+)
Source: Average Daily Census, 2000: SHPDA, 2001; Forecast of Population Served: Maui County Planning Department July 2006
Table 9-6 shows the projections of hospital beds needed to serve Maui from 2000 to 2030, expressed in terms of an expected average daily census which meets the standard for desirable occupancy rate of 95% for long term care beds. The analysis indicates a total demand of 1,215 long term care beds for the island in 2030, which includes the current 460 licensed beds.
9-7 Table 9-6 Total Demand for Long Term Care Beds, Maui (ADC = Average Daily Census) Number of Desired Beds Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Currently at Proper ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC Licensed Occupancy Beds % (2000) 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Long Term 460 460 510 599 738 911 1,090 1,215 Care
Notes: ADC =Average Daily Census
Table 9-7 translates the above estimates into the net long term care beds needed over the current capacity of licensed beds. It shows that over 755 additional long term care beds will be needed in the future to serve the Maui population by 2030. Table 9-7 New Long Term Care Beds Projected Over Currently Licensed Levels, Maui, 2005-2030 Additional Bed Needed Licensed Beds 2000 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 460 460 510 599 738 911 1,090 1,215
Add’l Beds Needed 0 50 139 278 451 630 755
9.5.3 Distribution of Future Demand for Long Term Care Beds by Maui Facility Table 9-8 shows the estimated split of future long term care bed additions by Maui hospital facility. The distribution of future long term care beds is based on the split of 2000 average daily census between existing facilities (Kula Hospital had 271 or 36 percent of the occupied long term care beds; and Hale Makua had 484 or 64 percent of the occupied long term care beds). Table 9-8 Distribution of Additional Long Term Care Beds Needed by Maui Hospital Additional Bed Needed 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Kula Hospital (36%) 18 50 100 162 227 271 Hale Makua Nursing Facility (64%) 32 89 178 289 404 484 Total 50 139 278 451 631 755
9-8 9.6 LANA‘I
9.6.1 Existing Hospital Facilities on Lana‘i Lana‘i Community Hospital, Lana‘i City, Lana‘i. Lana‘i Community Hospital (LCH), the only hospital on the island of Lana‘i, offers the following patient services: • 24-Hour Emergency Care • Limited Laboratory & X-Ray Services • Limited Acute Care • Extended Care (long-term services) • Hemodialysis Services (Hawai‘i Health Systems Corporation, 2002)
9.6.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand, Lana‘i Table 9-2 provides the actual and projected Lana‘i elderly population that will drive the demand for long term care beds. The elderly population is expected to increase by 107% over the next twenty-five years.
Table 9-9 shows the calculation of a “generation rate” in 2000, reflecting the level of demand for long term care. Lana‘i General Hospital had an average daily census for long term care of only 1 in 2000. Table 9-9 Lana‘i Long Term Care Generation Rate, 2000 Base Year A B C Actual Avg. Daily Rate Census Population Served C =(A*100) / B Long Term Care (SNF/ICF + 0.2 466 0.0429 Acute/SNF) Source: Average Daily Census, 2000: SHPDA, 2001; Forecast of Population Served: Maui County Planning Department July 2006)
Table 9-10 compares the actual 2000 average daily census (ADC) and currently licensed beds on Lana‘i to the expected demand for hospital beds in years 2005 to 2030. This analysis shows that Lana‘i Community Hospital has, and will continue to have, substantial excess capacity for long term care. Table 9-10 Total Demand for Long Term Care Beds, Lana‘i Number of Desired Beds Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Currently at Proper ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC Licensed Occupancy Beds % (2000) 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Long Term 14 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Care
Notes: ADC =Average Daily Census
9-9 9.7 MOLOKA‘I
9.7.1 Existing Hospital Facilities on Moloka‘i Moloka‘i General Hospital (MGH), Kaunakakai, Moloka‘i
Moloka‘i General Hospital provides the only emergency room and urgent care clinic for residents and visitors on the Island of Moloka‘i. SHPDA listed MGH as a 15-bed rural health care facility in 2006. Changes in program emphasis have allocated the 15 beds as follows: 2- long term care and 13-acute care (personal communication with Hospital Administrator, 2006).
MGH is qualified as the County of Maui’s only “critical access facility.” Facilities in this category are allowed by the federal government to receive higher reimbursements for services rendered for patient care if they meet the following criteria:
• The facility has no more than 15 beds, 2 for long term care. • “Critical access” care is offered, in which patients stay under 96 hours on the average for acute care and for obstetrics 24 hours at the most. • The facility is more than 30 miles from the nearest hospital.
• (Personal Communication, Marianne Hill, R.N., MGH)
Moloka‘i General Hospital will no longer accept long term care patients. When the remaining 2 patients leave the system, these beds will be converted to other uses.
9.7.2 Analysis of Future Imbalance Between Supply and Demand, Moloka‘i Table 9-2 provides the actual and projected population levels on Moloka‘i that will drive the demand for long term care beds. With Moloka‘i General’s departure from long term care, the Moloka‘i community will need to look at alternatives. Based on projections of the elderly population and based on current operations, there will be a continual need for long term care beds. Table 9-11 Long Term Care Bed Needs – Moloka‘i (2005-2030)
Desired Number of Beds at Proper Occupancy percent Licensed (2005) Beds 2005 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Long Term Care (SNF/ICF + Acute/SNF) 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
9-10 SECTION 10 EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
10.1 OVERVIEW This chapter is concerned with an important component of emergency responsiveness: emergency medical services or “ambulances.” The comparison of supply and demand for ambulance services incorporates established methods and recent analyses developed by the staff of Hawai‘i’s State Emergency Medical Services System.
The following terms will be used in this section: $ Emergency Medical Services (EMS) means the services utilized in responding to a perceived need for immediate medical care in order to prevent loss of life or aggravation of psychological sickness, injury, or incapacitating condition (Hawai‘i Administrative Rules (HAR), Section 11-72-2). $ Ambulance means any privately or publicly owned ground motor vehicle, watercraft, or aircraft that is specially designed or constructed, equipped pursuant to section 11-72-29 HAR intended to be used for and maintained and operated for the transportation of patients with medical conditions unable to use other means of transportation, except any such ground motor vehicle, watercraft or aircraft owned or operated under the direct control of the United States (HAR, Section 11-72-2). $ Ambulance service means the business or regular activity, whether for profit or not, of transporting either emergency or non-emergency risk, injured, or otherwise medically or psychologically incapacitated individuals by ambulances staffed by Basic Life Support or Advanced Life Support personnel (HAR, Section 11-72-2).
10.2 SCOPE OF THIS ANALYSIS This analysis is limited to ambulances on land, i.e., it excludes watercraft, helicopter and fixed wing air ambulances. Other emergency services, such as those provided by Fire and Police Departments, water safety officers and private providers, are also outside the scope. The geographic coverage of this analysis is Maui County, with attention to the six regions of Maui Island as well as Moloka‘i and Lana‘i.
10.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY The estimate of future demand for ambulances for Maui County to 2030 was developed in consultation with the State Emergency Medical Services System, Department of Health (DOH). Future ambulance needs in various regions of Maui County were estimated using the procedure outlined in Table 10-1.
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Table 10-1 Methodology for Forecasting Demand for Ambulances in Maui County, 2000-2030
Step # Task Analysis Data Source
1 Consult with the State Emergency Determine what the proper baseline Personal communication, Services System to determine currently- condition should be before forecasting Donna Maiava and Jenny identified but unmet ambulance needs in future requirements. Gong, State Emergency the County of Maui. Medical Services System
2 Identify service areas for ambulances in Service areas correspond to census Island of Maui, U.S. Census the County of Maui. tracts except in the Kula area. Tracts, Dept. of Business, Economic Development and Tourism
3 Inventory current supply and location of n/a Personal communication and ambulances in Maui County. written materials, Curt Morimoto of American Medical Response; and State Emergency Medical Services System
4 Interview State of Hawai‘i officials in the Analysis is conducted with multiple State Emergency Medical State Emergency Medical Services variables using regression analysis. Services System System, DOH, for current methods of Suggestion was to establish a rate of determining need for ambulances. Obtain ambulances per capita and forecast the State’s ranking of needs statewide using that rate with project and within Maui County. populations in the future.
5 Estimate de facto populations by region of 3a. Visitor and resident population for Resident Population Forecast Maui Island, 2000-2030 in increments of total Maui Island is given; Derive by region: Maui County five years. Exclude Hana. visitors by region. Planning Department, July 2006 3b. Determine % of visitor population of each region of Maui Island based Visitor Population Forecast on 2005 overnight visitor locations by Region: derived from Maui County Planning Department 3c. Apply % to total Maui Island de de facto population and facto determine visitors by region. visitor location data
6 Determine rate of ambulances per capita Divide # of ambulances per region of Derived in 2005 for Maui Island Maui Island by regional population (Step 1)
7 Determine ambulances needed for 2005- Multiply the region or island’s de facto Derived 2030 for Kihei-Makena, Lahaina, population forecast for a given region Makawao-Pukalani-Kula/Paia-Haiku, and and year (Step 5) by the rate of Wailuku-Kahului. ambulances per capita (Step 2)
Notes: 1) The State Emergency Medical Services System provided comments on the above methodology. They recommended excluding rural areas such as Hana, Lana‘i, and Moloka‘i from analysis by population generation rate. They reasoned that because the number of ambulances in these remote areas is not correlated to (driven by) population but by geography. They also submitted that quantitative justification of ambulances could be accomplished by simple regression analysis between population and currently justified ambulances.
2) The above analysis is simple by design, but is limited because it does not factor in call volume, area demographics, or financial resources.
10-2 10.4 EXISTING AMBULANCE FACILITIES IN THE COUNTY OF MAUI 10.4.1 Responsibility
The provision of ambulance facilities and services and licensing of emergency medical services personnel statewide is the responsibility of the DOH under Title 19, Chapter 321, State Comprehensive EMS System. Financing of the system is provided by the Hawai‘i State Legislature.
Motor vehicle ambulance services for the County of Maui are contracted out exclusively to the private vendor American Medical Response (AMR). As of 2006 this contract is still currently held by AMR. The Maui Division of AMR is a tri-island EMS system that covers the islands of Maui, Moloka‘i and Lana‘i. The division is under the direction of the base station located at Maui Memorial Medical Center.
10.4.2 Ambulance Capacity
All ambulance stations in the County of Maui are equipped with 24-hour staffed vehicles. Some locations also have unstaffed “back-up” vehicles (Personal communication, Curt Morimoto, AMR, Maui Division).
Table 10-1 provides a summary of ambulance facilities in the County of Maui. There are total of eleven ambulance stations, with nine on Maui Island and one each on Moloka‘i and Lana‘i. The 2006 total number of fully-equipped ambulance vehicles available to serve the County of Maui is fourteen. Because the ambulance service areas are divided along census tract boundaries, they generally mirror the outlines of the Community Plan districts. The one exception is the Makawao ambulance station, which straddles the Paia-Haiku and Makawao-Pukalani-Kula Community Plan Areas. Several of the ambulance stations are collocated with existing healthcare or emergency facilities, as shown in the footnotes to Table 10-1.
Figure 10-1 shows the locations of the ambulance facilities countywide.
10.4.3 State Analysis of Current Ambulance Needs
The Department of Health Emergency Medical Services System, the agency responsible for providing motor vehicle ambulance services statewide, frequently assesses the adequacy of the ambulance network to meet demands of the current population. Based on personal communication with Ms. Andrea Chow of the EMS System, the top priorities for enhanced ambulance services based on current conditions in Maui County are Kihei/Wailea; 24-hour service for the Kula ambulance station; and additional capacity in the Wailuku/Kahului region. Consideration was also being given to West Moloka‘i, where the current ambulance response time from Kaunakakai is 50-55 minutes.
The State’s most recent analysis of demand is recorded in the document High Risk Need for Additional Emergency Ambulance Units in the State of Hawai‘i, (January, 2001). This analysis generates a “priority score” for ambulance service areas based on factors that influence ambulance services. These factors include:
• Percentage of Responses Meeting the Required Response Time Standard.
• Primary Unit Area Response Time (in minutes).
10-3 • Backup Units Area Response (in minutes). • Service Area’s Total Call Volume (#). The lower the number, the higher the ranking in the prioritization system because it indicates a less-populated area. • Service Area’s Back-up Call Volume (#). • Service Area’s Incidence of Area High Risk Cardiac Cases (#). • Service Area’s High Risk Trauma Cases (#).
Table 10-2 Existing Emergency Medical (Ambulance) Services Maui County
# Primary Service Area Vehicles # “Back-Up” Ambulance Community Plan (Census (Staffed 24 Vehicles Station Area or Region Tracts) TMK hours) (Unstaffed)
Wailuku1 Wailuku 308-313 3-8-07:001 1 24
Kahului 3-7-12:026
Makawao Paia-Haiku & 304-305 2-4-17:021 1 0 Makawao-Pukalani- Kula
Lahaina Lahaina 314 4-5-21:016 1 0
Napili2 Lahaina 315 4-3-03:117 1 0
Kula Makawao-Pukalani- 303.02 2-2-19:022 1 (12-hr) 0 Kula
Hana3 Hana 301 1-4-03:024 1 1
Kihei Kihei-Makena 307 3-8-77:004 2
Moloka‘i Moloka‘i 316 5-3-02:140 1 1
Lana‘i Lana‘i 317-319 4-9-09:052 1 1 Sources: American Medical Response, Maui Division State Emergency Medical Response System, DOH Experian Realty Atlas Notes: 1 Two locations: Maui Memorial Medical Center and Kahului 2 Napili Fire Station 3 Hana Community Health Center 4 One back-up ambulance is staffed 12 hours a day, six days a week and is used for non-emergency patient transfers
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10-5 Using these criteria, an analysis performed in 2001 provided the priorities for the County of Maui shown in Table 10-3. Kihei/Wailea/Ma‘alaea was the only area of the County ranked in the top ten areas of the State. The top five priorities for additional facilities in the County of Maui in the State’s analysis were Kihei, Hana, Kula, Lahaina, and Makawao.
Table 10-3 Priority Scores for Maui County Areas from State Emergency Services System (2001) # Primary State Emergency State Emergency Vehicles # Back-Up Priority Score, Medical Services Medical Services Vehicles State High Risk System Ranking of System Ranking of Location (24 hour) (Unstaffed) Need Statewide Need Maui County Need
Kihei 2 0 295 7 1
Hana 1 1 230 25 2
Kula ((“Kula / 1 (12- 175 37 3 Makawao”) hour)
Lahaina 1 0 185 41 4
Makawao 1 0 165 45 5 (“Makawao/ Pukalani/ Kula”)
Napili (“Napili/ 1 0 165 45 6 Ka‘anapali / Kapalua”)
Moloka‘i 1 1 49 140 7
Lana‘i 1 1 57 115 8
Wailuku 1 2 N/A N/A N/A
Sources: Ranking Areas of High Risk Need For Additional Emergency Ambulance Units in the State of Hawai‘i, January 2001; Emergency Medical Services System, DOH; American Medical Response, Maui Division
10.4.4 Populations Creating Demand for Ambulance Services
The demand for ambulance services is generated by both residents and visitors, which when combined forms “de facto” population. About 27.2% of the Maui Island resident population is concentrated in Wailuku-Kahului, as noted in Table 10-4. In contrast, people staying overnight in Lahaina and Kihei-Makena regions of Maui Island account for approximately 97% of the island’s visitor population.
Knowing the differing distributions of residents vs. visitors is important in anticipating the demand for ambulance services. Moloka‘i and Lana‘i is considered one service area. For Maui Island, the distribution of de facto population drives regional demand. The distribution of de facto population from 1990 and projected to 2030 is presented in Table 10-5.
10-6 Table 10-4 Distribution of Resident, Visitor and De Facto (Resident + Visitor) Populations Maui Island, 2006 2006 De Facto Population 2006 Residents by Region 2006 Visitors by by Region Region Hana 1.5 % 0.5% 1.3%
Kihei-Makena 19.8% 42.6% 25.7%
Lahaina 15.3% 54.4% 25.5% Makawao-Pukalani-Kula + 27.3% 0.1% 20.2% Paia-Haiku Wailuku-Kahului 36.0% 2.4% 27.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Source: Maui County Planning Department, July 2006
Table 10-5 De Facto Population, Regions of Maui County, 20 00-2030
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Lahaina R-1+R-19) 41,085 44,701 47,976 51,650 54,960 58,534 62,184 Kihei-Makena (R-1+R-19) 39,117 45,056 49,735 55,402 60,622 66,203 71,908 Wailuku-Kahului (R-1+R-19) 43,434 47,706 52,459 57,189 62,173 67,364 72,666 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula (R-1+R-19) 21,595 23,195 24,663 26,118 27,659 29,262 30,899 Paia-Ha‘ikü (R- 1+R-19) 11,895 12,256 12,573 12,887 13,219 13,565 13,917 Hana (R-1+R -19) 2,335 2,233 2,358 2,479 2,605 2,737 2,871 Maui Island (R-19+R-1) 159,461 175,147 189,764 205,725 221,238 237,665 254,445 Moloka‘i (I-5) 8,131 7,826 7,991 8,283 8,536 8,861 9,219 Lanai (I-5) 4,243 4,587 4,963 5,377 5,725 6,110 6,513 Maui County (R-1+R-19+I-5) 171,835 187,560 202,718 219,385 235,499 252,636 270,177 Source: Derived from Maui County Planning Department, July 2006
10.4.5 Generation Rates for Ambulance Services
In consultation with the State Emergency Services System, a “usage” rate methodology was developed to forecast ambulance needs for the present analysis, as well as to facilitate future forecasting efforts. The usage rate, applied to areas where population drives the need for ambulances, is the number of ambulances currently justified for a region in the baseline year 2005 divided by the de facto population for that region. Applying this methodology, the rates shown in Table 10-6 are calculated for areas of Maui County excluding isolated, rural areas of Hana, Moloka‘i, and Lana‘i. The latter areas each have two ambulances which are justified on the basis of their remote location and longer response times, not by the number of people served per ambulance as in more populated and geographically concentrated areas listed below.
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Table 10-6 Generation Rates (Ambulances per Capita), 2000 De Facto Population Currently Ambulances per capita 2005 Justified Need Based on Current Need
Kihei-Makena 45,056 2 0.000044 Lahaina 44,701 2 0.000045 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula, Paia- 35,451 1 Haiku1 0.000028 Wailuku-Kahului 47,706 2 0.000042 Notes: 1 Generation rate based on combined 2005 de facto population of Makaw ao-Pukalani-Kula (23,195), an d Paia-Haiku (12,256) 10.5 Forecast of Regional Ambulance Demand on Maui 2005-2030
The generation rates above can be used in combination with projected levels of population to forecast the demand for ambulances in the future.
Table 10-7 shows the results of this analysis for Lahaina, Kihei-Makena, Wailuku-Kahului, and Makawao-Kula and Paia-Ha‘iku. See section 10.6 for discussion of Hana needs. Table 10-7 Ambulance Proj ections, 20 05-2030 Ambulanc es per capita De Facto Current Based on Pop. Justified Current 2005 Need Need 2005 2010 2015 20 20 2025 2030 Lahaina 44,701 2 0.000045 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8
Kihei-Makena 45,056 2 0.000044 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.2
Wailuku-Kahului 47,706 2 0.000042 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.1 Makawao-Pukalani- Kula and Paia- Haiku 35,451 1 0.000028 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Notes: Remote, low-growth areas such as Hana, Moloka‘i, and Lana‘i are excluded from the above analysis because it assumes population is the key driver of need for ambulance services. (1) Generation rates from Table 10-6
10.6 HANA Due to the character of the “road to Hana” (Hana Highway), the service area for Hana ambulances is approximately 40 miles, or a radius of approximately 20 miles. This area maintains one ambulance and one back-up vehicle. In Table 10-3 above, Hana was ranked above Kula/Makawao statewide and #2 for Maui County in the EMS prioritization analysis.
10-8 10.7 LANA‘I The physical isolation of Lana‘i and limited emergency medical care requires a 24-hour ambulance facility. Based on small population increases expected, the current 2 ambulances serving this remote island will be sufficient throughout the planning period to 2030.
10.8 MOLOKA‘I The physical iso lation of Moloka‘i and limited em ergency medi cal care necessitates a 24-hour ambulance facility. Ambulance requirements are expected to change very gradually over the next 20 years based on the relatively small current population and small projected increases in projected resident and visitor populations. The current ambulance response time for West Moloka‘i is 50-55 minutes for ambulances coming from Kaunakakai (Personal communication, Donna Maiava, March 2002). The State is considering the idea of adding an ambulance to serve the West Moloka‘i region to reduce this response time.
10.9 AMBULANCE STAFFING AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS Each staffed ambulance vehicle requires three paramedics and three emergency medical technicians. These individuals work 56-hour work weeks, including several 24-hour shifts. According to management at American Medical Response, the land use requirements for emergency medical services are primarily to accommodate living arrangements for the 24-hour shifts required of emergency medical services personnel. Living accommodations per vehicle should include approximately 1,000 square feet, including two private bedrooms, bathrooms, a kitchen, living room and dining room. Driveway access is also necessary, and a parking space and circulation area to accommodate each ambulance vehicle (8' wide by 10' long by 9' high).
A new South Maui Emerge ncy Ambu lance Station is currently being planned and designed. It is proposed to be built next to the Wailea Fire Station.
10-9 BLANK PAGE
10-10 SECTION 11 AIRPORTS
11.1 OVERVIEW
The State Department of Transportation, Airports Division, has direct responsibility for operating the airports in Maui County. The airports within Maui County are regulated by State and Federal (FAA) regulations and standards. The Maui Airport District includes all of Maui County, including Kalawao County. The airports in the Maui District are classified as either Primary or Secondary. Kahului Airport is classified as Medium Primary Hub Airport. The remaining airports in the system are classified as secondary airports.
11.2 EXISTING AIRPORTS
The six airports within Maui County are: • Kahului Airport • Hana Airport • Kapalua Airport • Moloka‘i Airport • Lana‘i Airport • Kalaupapa Airport
Table 11-1 lists the airports and their location (tax map key). The existing development plan for each of the airports is described in the respective master plan document for each airports. The airport locations are shown on Figure 11-1. Existing features of each airport are listed in Table 11-2.
11.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
11.3.1 Method of Evaluation
Airport facilities are driven by two primary factors: passengers and aircraft operations. Both factors determine the demand for facilities at a given airport. The number of passengers determines how large the terminal facilities need to be. The number of aircraft operations and type of aircraft determine the airfield requirements. In addition, the runway length determines the destination of flights originating or terminating at that particular airport. Other factors under the jurisdiction of the federal government further dictate who can land at the airports. For example, international passengers arriving at Kahului Airport cannot depart their aircraft unless they have been cleared by the U.S. Customs Service and the U.S. Immigration Service. Table 11-3 shows the level of passenger activities forecast to the year 2025 for the State and the County of Maui. Kahului Airport will accommodate approximately 17 percent of all passenger traffic throughout the State. Maui County will accommodate approximately 19 percent of the passenger traffic at its six airports.
11-1 Table 11-1 Airport Facilities Airport Community Plan District Airport Type Runway Classification Tax Map Key (s)
Kahului Kahului-Wailuku PR - CM Transport 3-8-01: 19,+ Hana Hana S-CM General Utility 1-3-03: 22, + Kapalua West Maui S-CM General Utility 4-3-01: 68,+ Molokai Molokai S-CM Transport 5-2-04: 84, + Kalaupapa Molokai S-CM General Utility 6-1-01: 05 Lanai Lanai S-CM Transport 4-9-02: 41, + Notes: PR-Primary, CM-Commercial, S-Small + = Addition parcels are included
Table 11-2 Airport Features Airport Community Plan District Runway Length (Ft) IFR or VFR ATCT ARFF
Kahului Kahului-Wailuku 7,000 / 4,990 IFR Yes Yes Hana Hana 3,605 VFR No Yes Kapalua West Maui 3,000 VFR No Yes Molokai Molokai 4,500 / 3,100 IFR Yes Yes Kalaupapa Molokai 2,700 VFR No Yes Lanai Lanai 5,000 IFR Yes Yes
Notes: IFR - Instrument Flight Rules, VFR- Visual Flight Rules, ATCT-Air Traffic Control Tower, ARFF-Airfield Rescue and Fire Fighting
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11-3 Table 11-4 shows the existing and projected operations at Kahului Airport. The projections provided by the Department of Transportation were limited to 2025. The movement of cargo (general cargo and bulk cargo and mail) is another important measure of facility demand at our airports. Maui County airports also serve the general public by providing space for private aviators and their aircraft.
11.3.2 Assessment of Existing Facilities (single space this paragraph and any paragraphs needing this correction)
The airports within Maui County are considered regional (islandwide) resources. Therefore, the evaluation of an airport is based on its ability to serve an entire island. Because of the varying size, each airport functions differently. Each airport within Maui County is able to serve interisland traffic, however, only Kahului Airport is able to serve overseas (mainland US and international). The following describes each airport and how it functions in the overall State- wide Airport System:
Kahului Airport - The Kahului Airport functions as a medium hub airport that serves as a full service transport airport. The airport is located at Sprecklesville approximately 2 miles from Kahului and 4 miles from Wailuku. The Kahului Airport is an islandwide resource because it serves both interisland and overseas passengers and goods. Table 11-4 shows the forecast information for the Kahului Airport.
Kahului Airport, at the time the forecasts were prepared, was planned to accommodate scheduled commercial international flights. However, this decision has been reversed for an undetermined period of time. This action, however, does not include charter flights originating from foreign destinations.
Hana Airport Hana Airport is a small commercial transport airport with limited terminal and airfield capabilities. The limiting factor at the airport is the length of the runway. At 3,605 feet, the airport can only support limited short-range, interisland aircraft. Aircraft with greater range are required to fly to Kahului or Honolulu International Airport to re-fuel before continuing to their destination. Hana Airport cannot currently expand because of topography and land ownership constraints.
Kapalua Airport - Kapalua Airport is a small commercial transport airport with limited terminal and airfield capabilities. The limiting factor is the airport’s runway length. At 3,000 feet, the type of aircraft that can be supported at the airport is limited to short range aircraft. Aircraft with greater range are required to fly to Kahului or Honolulu International Airport to re-fuel before continuing to their destination. The airport cannot currently expand because of permit restrictions on expansion of the airport for larger and long-range aircraft use.
Lanai Airport - Lanai Airport is a small commercial transport airport with limited terminal and airfield capabilities. The limiting factor at the airport is the length of the runway. At 5,000 feet, aircraft supported at the airport are limited to short range aircraft. Aircraft with greater range are required to fly to Kahului or Honolulu International Airport to re-fuel before continuing to their destination. The major opportunity for this airport is the availability of land for the expansion of the airport.
11-4 Table 11-3 Passenger Forecasts (by County and Airport)1998-2025 Forecast
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 County/Airport Actual 1998
STATEWIDE Overseas Mainland 9,795,684 10,006,600 11,144,600 12,114,300 13,164,300 14,299,100 International 5,510,072 6,226,600 7,125,200 8,076,200 9,148,000 10,354,600 Subtotal 15,305,756 16,233,200 18,269,800 20,190,500 22,312,300 24,653,700 Interisland 20,150,896 21,916,300 23,442,100 25,489,400 27,715,300 30,132,400 Total 35,456,652 38,149,500 41,711,900 45,679,900 50,027,600 54,786,100 KAHULUI AIRPORT Overseas Mainland 1,747,073 1,861,200 2,139,800 2,398,600 2,685,500 3,002,800 International 0 93,600 142,500 242,300 365,900 517,700 Subtotal 1,747,073 1,954,800 2,282,300 2,640,900 3,051,400 3,520,500 SMS Forecast 2,515,915 2,716,392 2,932,795 3,166,383 Interisland 4,093,344 4,746,900 5,033,700 5,309,000 5,596,800 5,900,800 Kahului Total 5,840,417 6,701,700 7,316,000 7,949,900 8,648,200 9,421,300 Percent of State 16.47% 17.57% 17.54% 17.40% 17.29% 17.20% Kapalua 144,929 157,200 160,700 163,300 165,600 167,600 Hana 9,482 10,800 11,500 12,100 12,700 13,400 Molokai 252,592 281,800 292,700 302,300 312,000 321,900 Kalaupapa 8,954 10,800 11,500 12,100 12,700 13,400 Lanai 176,619 211,300 229,600 247,900 267,400 288,400 Maui County Total 6,432,993 7,373,600 8,022,000 8,687,600 9,418,600 10,226,000 Percent of State Total 18.14% 19.33% 19.23% 19.02% 18.83% 18.67%
Source: Passenger forecast provided by Department of Transportation, 2000.
11-5 Table 11-4 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Kahului Airport 1998-2025
Actual Forecast County/Airport 1998 1999 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Passengers Overseas -Mainland 1,747,073 1,824,587 1,861,200 2,139,800 2,398,600 2,685,500 3,002,800 -International 0 0 93,600 142,500 242,300 365,900 517,700 Subtotal 1,747,073 1,824,587 1,954,800 2,282,300 2,640,900 3,051,400 3,520,500
Interisland 4,093,344 4,147,492 4,746,900 5,033,700 5,309,000 5,596,800 5,900,800 Total 5,840,417 5,972,079 6,701,700 7,316,000 7,949,900 8,648,200 9,421,300
Cargo and Mail Cargo (tons) 38,504 39,740 43,000 47,900 52,900 57,800 62,800 Mail (tons) 10,508 10,958 11,900 13,300 14,600 16,000 17,400 Total 49,012 50,698 54,900 61,200 67,500 73,800 80,200
Aircraft Operations Air Carrier 63,336 62,883 70,900 75,200 79,000 82,900 87,700 Commuter/Air 84,546 92,569 93,100 105,300 116,100 128,100 141,300 Taxi General Aviation 29,509 29,575 36,400 38,200 40,100 41,900 43,700 Military 3,499 3,358 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 Total 180,890 188,385 206,400 224,700 241,200 258,900 278,700
Based Aircraft Single Engine 29 29 31 32 33 34 35 Multi-engine 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 Helicopter 35 35 38 40 42 44 46 Glider 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Total 77 78 84 88 92 96 100
Source: Aviation forecast provided by the Department of Transportation, 2000
11-6 Molokai Airport – Moloka‘i Airport is a small commercial transport airport with limited terminal and airfield capabilities. The limiting factor at the airport is the length of the runway. At 4,500 feet, aircraft that can be supported at the airport are limited to short range interisland aircraft. Aircraft with greater range are required to fly to Kahului or Honolulu International Airport to re- fuel before continuing to their destination. The airport cannot currently expand because of topography and land ownership.
Kalaupapa Airport - Kalaupapa Airport is a small general utility commercial airport. The limiting factors at this airport are the short runway and limited terminal facilities. At 2,700 feet, aircraft that can be supported at the airport are limited to short range interisland aircraft. Aircraft with greater range are required to fly to Kahului or Honolulu International Airport to re-fuel before continuing to their destination. The airport cannot currently expand because of topography and land ownership.
11.4 PLANNED/ FUTURE FACILITIES
There are no new airports planned for Maui County at this time. Improvements to current airports will continue in the form of improvements to the terminals and ground support facilities, in addition to repair and maintenance activities. Expansion at the Kahului airport is currently underway with the addition of an enclosed 7,400 square-foot state-of-the-art agricultural inspection facility which will greatly assist in the inspection of inbound cargo. The expansion will also include a new 31,000-square-foot cargo building which will provide produce shippers access to a covered facility while cargo awaits loading on to aircrafts instead of being held in the open sun.
Tables 11-4 to 11-9 provide the forecast of passenger traffic, operations, quality of cargo and mail anticipated, and the number of based aircraft at each of the airports in Maui County.
11-7 Table 11-5 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Kapalua Airport 1998-2025 Actual Forecast County/Airport 1998 1999 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Passengers Overseas -Mainland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -International 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Interisland 144,929 135,302 157,200 160,700 163,300 165,600 167,600 Total 144,929 135,302 157,200 160,700 163,300 165,600 167,600 Cargo and Mail Cargo (tons) 730 637 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 Mail (tons) Total 730 637 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 Aircraft Operations Air Carrier 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commuter/Air Taxi 10,560 10,894 11,800 12,100 12,300 12,400 12,600 General Aviation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Military 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 Total 10,590 10,924 11,800 12,100 12,300 12,400 12,600 Based Aircraft Single Engine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Multi-engine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Helicopter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glider 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source: Department of Transportation, 2000
11-8 Table 11-6 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Hana Airport 1998-2025 Actual Forecast County/Airport 1998 1999 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Passengers Overseas -Mainland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -International 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Interisland 9,482 8,093 10,800 11,500 12,100 12,700 13,400 Total 9,482 8,093 10,800 11,500 12,100 12,700 13,400 Cargo and Mail Cargo (tons) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mail (tons) Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aircraft Operations Air Carrier 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commuter/Air Taxi 4,418 4,066 5,400 5,700 6,000 6,300 6,700 General Aviation 500 500 500 600 600 700 800 Military 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 4,918 4,566 5,900 6,300 6,600 7,000 7,500 Based Aircraft Single Engine 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Multi-engine 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Helicopter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glider 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Source: Department of Transportation, 2000
11-9 Table 11-7 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Lanai Airport 1998-2025 Actual Forecast County/Airport 1998 1999 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Passengers Overseas -Mainland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -International 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Interisland 176619 211300 229600 247900 267400 288400 Total 176,619 0 211,300 229,600 247,900 267,400 288,400 Cargo and Mail Cargo (tons) 965 905 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,500 1,600 Mail (tons) Total 965 905 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,500 1,600 Aircraft Operations Air Carrier 1,312 1,558 1,900 2,000 2,100 2,200 2,300 Commuter/Air Taxi 10,686 10092 9,200 9,600 9,900 9,900 10,100 General Aviation 1,178 1,724 1,850 1,950 2,050 2,150 2,250 Military 100 100 850 850 850 850 850 Total 13,276 13,474 13,800 14,400 14,900 15,100 15,500 Based Aircraft Single Engine 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 Multi-engine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Helicopter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glider 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 1 1 2 2 2
Source: Department of Transportation, 2000
11-10 Table 11-8 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Molokai Airport 1998-2025 Actual Forecast County/Airport 1998 1999 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Passengers Overseas -Mainland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -International 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Interisland 252,592 281,800 292,700 302,300 312,000 321,900 Total 252,592 0 281,800 292,700 302,300 312,000 321,900 Cargo and Mail Cargo (tons) 1,382 1,647 2,100 2,400 2,700 2,900 3,100 Mail (tons) Total 1,382 1,647 2,100 2,400 2,700 2,900 3,100 Aircraft Operations Air Carrier 1,163 1,469 1,900 2,000 2,100 2,200 2,300 Commuter/Air Taxi 30,080 30,286 31,600 32,700 33,800 35,000 36,200 General Aviation 15,425 14,169 16,200 17,000 17,700 18,500 19,300 Military 2,685 3,260 2,400 2,300 2,300 2,300 2,300 Total 49,353 49,184 52,100 54,000 55,900 58,000 60,100 Based Aircraft Single Engine 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 Multi-engine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Helicopter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glider 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 4 4 4 5 5 5 6
Source: Department of Transportation, 2000
11-11 Table 11-9 Aviation Demand Forecasts, Kalaupapa Airport 1998-2025 Actual Forecast County/Airport 1998 1999 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Passengers Overseas -Mainland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -International 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Interisland 8954 10800 11500 12100 12700 13400 Total 8,954 0 10,800 11,500 12,100 12,700 13,400 Cargo and Mail Cargo (tons) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mail (tons) Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aircraft Operations Air Carrier 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commuter/Air Taxi 3,200 3,800 3,600 3,900 4,100 4,300 4,500 General Aviation 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,100 1,100 1,200 1,200 Military 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Total 5,200 5,800 5,600 6,000 6,200 6,500 6,700 Based Aircraft Single Engine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Multi-engine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Helicopter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glider 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Source: Department of Transportation, 2000
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SECTION 12 HARBORS
12.1 OVERVIEW
Life in Hawai‘i is intrinsically linked to the sea as Hawai‘i’s residents rely on the ocean for sustenance, commerce, industry, transportation, and recreation. Hawai‘i’s harbors and boat ramps provide essential access to the ocean waters for individual boaters and commercial shipping. In order to sustain the economic, social, and cultural benefits derived from the sea, the government must ensure that adequate facilities and access are provided.
Responsibility for managing Hawai‘i’s commercial harbors rests with the State Department of Transportation, Harbors Division. As shown in Figure 12-1, there are 3 commercial harbors in Maui County – Kahului (Maui), Kaunakakai (Moloka‘i), and Kaumalapau (Lana‘i). Each of these harbors also provides ramp facilities for individual boaters.
Recreational boating is managed by the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation (DOBOR). Boat-owners must register their vessels annually with DOBOR. Types of facilities provided to boaters include ramps for boats which are “moored on land;” and berthing or mooring facilities for “boats which are moored in the water.” Locations of existing ramps and berthing/mooring facilities are also shown in Figure 12-1. 12.2 SCOPE OF THIS ANALYSIS
The primary focus of this analysis is non-commercial harbor facilities including small boat harbors, mooring areas, ramp access, and anchorage areas for individual boaters. Supply and demand for boating facilities will be evaluated on an island-by-island basis for Lana‘i, Maui, and Moloka‘i.
This study will identify the existing number of commercial harbor facilities in the County, but will not comment on possible future expansion for these commercial harbor facilities which are forecast by the State Department of Transportation, Harbors Division. 12.3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR BOATING FACILITIES
The analysis of Maui County’s harbor facilities was conducted according to the steps outlined in Table 12-1, Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Harbor Facilities. The methodology is further discussed as follows:
12.3.1 Analysis of Supply
Analysis of the supply of DOBOR-managed boating facilities was based on the two categories of available boat registration data:
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1. Facilities to serve “undocumented vessels moored on land,” i.e., ramps for boats that must be launched into the water.
2. Facilities to serve “undocumented or unregistered vessels that are moored in the water” i.e., facilities for boats that are anchored in harbors, moorings or berths. Facilities for mooring on water were divided further as follows:
a. Facilities that are currently in use and are managed by DOBOR, expressed as a number of moorings or berths. These make up the “existing” (actual) supply.
b. Areas designated by DOBOR for day and temporary overnight anchorage. These areas, recorded in terms of acres, have no developed facilities or services.
12.3.2 Analysis of Demand
The demand for boating facilities is driven by the number of small boat owners. Boat owners were divided into two categories based on the types of facilities they use: facilities for boats moored on land, i.e., boat-launching ramps; and facilities for boats moored on water, i.e., moorings and berths. Two “generation rates” were computed for each boat owner type.
Ramps per Potential Boat Owner/User. The numerator of the “generation rate” (existing ramps per boat owner/user) was the number of existing ramps for the island. The denominator was the 2000 island population of likely boat owners/users, assumed to be males and females between the ages of 20 and 64. The analysis adjusted the generation rate by +20% for future years on Maui and Moloka‘i to reflect an improvement over current conditions in the ramps per potential boater. To project future demand, the “improved” generation rate was multiplied by the forecast of potential boaters in the years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030. The generation rate established for each island in 2000 was assumed to be constant to 2030 because a current inventory of available facilities was not conducted.
• Moorings/Berths per Potential Boat Owner/User. The numerator of the generation rate is existing moorings or berths for a given island, divided by the denominator of potential boat owners/users from the 2000 census of that island. To project future demand, the generation rate was multiplied by the forecast of potential boaters in the years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030. The generation rate was assumed to be constant to 2030.
Resident population is used for harbor facility analysis because visitors to Maui County are generally unlikely to own and maintain boats in these islands. The list of registered boat owners in Maui is assumed to be comprised exclusively of residents. Although some visitors to Maui might also be boat owners in these islands, the number of such cases is assumed to be insignificant.
12.3.3 Imbalance Between Supply and Demand
To establish a quantitative relationship between the existing supply and demand for boating facilities, two ratios were calculated for illustrative purposes. These ratios indicated the relative competition for ramp usage and the number of boats moored on water vs. the existing supply of moorings.
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Table 12-1 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Harbor Facilities
# Step Analysis Data Source
1 Determine supply. Inventory existing Given Department of Land & Natural harbor facilities including ramps, Resources, Division of Boating and harbors, slips, moorings, and other Ocean Resources. facilities serving (1) boats moored on land, and (2) boats moored in water, in the County of Maui by location and TMK number.
2 Determine demand. Obtain data on Given Department of Land & Natural the current number of registered boats Resources, Division of Boating and and boat owners, for vessels moored Ocean Resources. on land and in water in the County of Maui.
3 Obtain historical data and 2005 to Calculate the population of resident 2000-2030 baseline population 2030 projections for populations of males and females between the ages forecast, the Maui County Planning likely boat owners, the “boating public” of 20 and 64. This age cohort is Department, July 2006). by island. assumed to represent the likely boat owner/user age group.
4 Determine the generation rate for Generation rate = [number of existing Derived. calculating the future number of boats boats moored on land ) current moored on land, by island. population of boating public].
5 Project future increases in number of Multiply generation rate by “boating Derived. boats moored on land, by island. population” projections for years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, and 2030.
6 Determine the generation rate for Generation rate = [number of existing Derived. calculating the future number of boats boats moored on water ) current moored on water by island. population of boating public].
7 Project future increases in number of Multiply generation rate by “boating Derived. boats moored on water, by island. population” projections for years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, and 2030.
8 Determine the generation rate for Generation rate = [number of existing Derived. calculating the future number of ramps ) number of boats moored on ramps per boats moored on land, by land]. island.
9 Determine future demand for boat Multiply generation rate by the Derived. ramps. projected number of boats moored on land for years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030.
10 Determine the generation rate for Generation rate = [number of existing Derived. calculating the future number of harbor moorings and berths ) number harbor moorings and berths per boats of boats moored on water]. moored on water, by island.
11 Determine future demand for harbor Multiply generation rate by the Derived. moorings and berths. projected number of boats moored on water for years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030.
12 Determine imbalance between supply Subtract projected demand for harbor Derived. and demand for harbor facilities. facilities from existing inventory.
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• “Boats Moored on Land” per Ramp. A ratio was developed for each island using the number of boats moored on land divided by current ramps.
• “Boats Moored on Water” per Mooring. The relative demand for mooring and berthing facilities vs. current supply was calculated for each island by dividing the number of boats moored on water by the existing supply of moorings.
Finally, the estimated future demand was compared to the current supply for each island and type of facility to estimate the oversupply or deficit of boating facilities in 2005, 2020, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030. 12.4 EXISTING HARBOR FACILITIES
12.4.1 Overview of Maui County Facilities
Figure 12-1 provides an overview of the harbor facilities in Maui County. Table 12-2 presents an island-by-island inventory of the harbor facilities. There are 261 existing moorings in Maui County and 14 boat ramps. Additional information on the small boat harbors and the ramps is provided following Table 12-2. Table 12-2 Overview of Harbor Facilities, Maui County (2001) Island Facility TMK Unit of Measure Quantity Lana‘i Kaumalapau Harbor1 4-9-02:01(por.) linear feet pier space 400 4-9-03:26 Manele SBH and Ramp (1) 4-9-17:06 # berths & moorings 28 Maui Hana Ramp 1-4-04:36 # of ramps 1 Hana Wharf 1-4-04:01(por.) # of moorings 10 Kaanapali Anchorage 4-4-01, 06, 08, 4-5-14 acres mooring space approx. 20 Kahului Harbor1 3-7-10, 08 linear feet pier space 3,019 Kahului Ramp 3-7-01-023 # of ramps 1 Keanae Ramp 1-1-03 # of ramps 1 Kihei Ramp 3-9-04 # of ramps 3 Kihei Quay (abandoned) 3-8-13 n/a n/a Lahaina SBH 4-6-01, 02 # berths & moorings 100 Lahaina Roadstead 4-6-01 # of ramps 1 Ma’alaea SBH and Ramp (1) 3-6-01 & 3-8-14 # berths & moorings 91 Mala Ramp 4-5-04 # of ramps 2 Mala Wharf (abandoned) 4-5-05 n/a n/a Maliko Ramp 2-7-04:07 # of ramps 1 Olowalu Jetty (abandoned) 4-8-03 n/a n/a Moloka‘i Kamalo Wharf 5-6-08:15 acres mooring space 0.3 Kaunakakai Harbor1 5-3-01 linear feet pier space 691 Kaunakakai SBH and Ramp (1) 5-3-01 # berths & moorings 32 Hale O Lono Harbor and Ramp 5-1-02:12 acres of protected 1.5 (1) anchorage Puko‘o Harbor (not managed 5-7-07:64 acres of anchorage 0.47 by DOBOR) Notes: 1 Commercial harbor operations administered by State Department of Transportation, Harbors Division
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Manele Small Boat Harbor and Ramp, Lana‘i Located on the south cost of Lana‘i, eight miles from the coast of Maui 12.525 acres 1 ramp 1 pier Restrooms, harbor office 24 berths 1 loading dock Vessel wash down area
Hana Ramp, Maui Located in the easterly end of Maui, 59 miles from Wailuku 0.138 acres 1 ramp Co-located with Hana Wharf
Kahului Ramp, Maui Located on the south side of Kahului Bay, on the north shore of Maui Co-located with Kahului Harbor 2.451 acres 1 ramp 1 loading dock
Mala Ramp, Maui Located approximately one mile north of Lahaina on the west cost of Maui 11.006 acres 2 ramps
Mala Wharf, Maui Location same as Mala Ramp 0.35 acres 1 pier
Maliko Ramp, Maui Located on the north shore of Maui, close to the town of Paia. The ramp is single-lane and 18 feet wide. 0.26 acres 1 pier
Kihei Ramp, Maui Located in south Kihei on the south side of Maui. Ramp is 35 feet wide. Parking available for cars and trailers. 11.504 acres 3 ramps 2 loading docks
Ma‘alaea Small Boat Harbor and Ramp, Maui Located on the west coast of Maui, approximately 16 miles southeast of Lahaina
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29.51 acres 30 berths 61 moorings 1 ramp Harbor office, dry dock, restaurant and boat club 1 loading dock
Keanae Ramp, Maui Located on the north shore of Maui near Keanae Point 1 ramp
Kaunakakai Harbor, Moloka‘i Located on the south shore, and 16 miles from the westerly point of Moloka‘i. Launch ramp is 12 feet wide. 12 acres 3 berths 29 moorings 1 ramp 1 pier Restrooms, harbor office 2 loading docks
Lahaina Small Boat Harbor, Maui Located on the northwest coast of Maui in Lahaina Town 11.556 acres 21 berths 79 moorings 1 pier Restrooms, harbor office, fuel facility
Hana Wharf, Maui Co-located with Hana Ramp 10 moorings 1 pier
12.4.2 Anchorages
Information on recreational boating from DOBOR includes anchorage areas for day and temporary overnight use by recreational and itinerant boaters. These areas have no developed facilities or services, and are not suitable for long-term mooring. Current anchorage facilities in Maui County are listed below. Ka‘anapali, Maui Located on the west coast of Maui, approximately four miles north of Lahaina. The area is submerged land, used for the ocean recreation activities servicing the Ka‘anapali resort area and includes a temporary, unprotected mooring area for private sailing vessels. 589 acres of anchorage space
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Lahaina Roadsted, Maui Located near the town of Lahaina on the northwest coast of Maui. Primarily an anchorage with 98.361 acres of undesignated mooring area
Hale O Lono, Moloka‘i This area includes 1.5 acres of protected anchorage. Located 7.4 miles southwest of Cape Halawa. A ruined wharf is to the east of the channel. 0.47 acres 1 ramp 1 former pier site
12.4.3 Abandoned or Temporary-Use Harbor Facilities
There are several facilities in Maui County that are considered abandoned or otherwise unusable by DOBOR. In addition, Kamalo Wharf on Moloka‘i is considered a temporary-use facility rather than a permanent mooring area. See Table 12-3.
Table 12-3 Abandoned or Temporary-Use Harbor Facilities, Maui County
Island Facility and Status Tax Map Key
Maui Kihei Quay (abandoned) 3-8-13 Mala Wharf (abandoned pier, no moorings) 4-5-05 Olowalu Jetty (abandoned agricultural jetty) 4-8-03
Moloka‘i Kamalo Wharf (temporary small vessel facility) 5-6-08:15 12.4.4 Commercial Harbor Facilities
Table 12-4 presents an overview of the commercial harbor facilities on Lana‘i, Maui Island, and Moloka‘i. These facilities will be described in more detail below. The primary source of information is a 2006 publication of the Department of Transportation, Harbors Division, entitled Port Hawai‘i: Commercial Harbors System Handbook. Table 12-4 Existing Commercial Harbor Facilities, Maui County (2006) Total Island Commercial Facility Tax Map Key Unit of Measure Linear Feet Lana‘i Kaumalapau Harbor 4-9-02:01(por.) 4- linear feet pier space 400 9-03:26 Maui Kahului Harbor 3-7-10, 08 linear feet pier space 3,019 Moloka‘i Kaunakakai Harbor 5-3-01 linear feet pier space 691 Total 4,110
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Kaumalapau Commercial Harbor, Lana‘i
Kaumalapau Harbor is a small barge harbor located on the southwest coast of the island of Lana‘i. It is the only commercial harbor serving the entire island. The harbor was built in the late 1920's by the Dole Company, primarily to transport pineapple from Lana‘i to O‘ahu for processing, with the provision that certain parcels along the wharf and breakwater would revert back to the state after 50 years.
In 1990, it was announced that pineapple cultivation would gradually be phased out due to Hawai‘i's high labor costs, and large-scale pineapple harvests ended on Lana‘i in 1992. The Dole Company was planning to transfer control of the harbor and ownership of the land surrounding it to the State of Hawai‘i. This transfer has not been finalized and discussions are ongoing between the Dole Company and the State of Hawai‘i.
The harbor has no distinct entrance channel, but a 183-m-wide (600-ft-wide) opening leads to a 40,470-sq-m (10-acre) berthing area. The depth of the berthing area varies from 9.1 to 15.2 m (30 to 50 ft). The harbor basin is protected by a rubble-mound breakwater approximately 76 m (250 ft) in length, with a crest elevation of about 3 m (10 ft). The breakwater consists of stones of varying sizes brought from the pineapple fields, undersized dolosse built for other projects, concrete piles and even school buses filled with concrete. A 122-m-long (400-ft-long) wharf is located behind the breakwater with cargo sheds and equipment for loading and unloading barges. The harbor is currently undergoing an extensive $25 million project to repair the breakwater which will increase harbor safety and usability.
Kahului Harbor, Maui Island
Kahului Harbor is on the north coast of the island of Maui on the southern side of Kahului Bay. The harbor is just two miles from Wailuku, Maui’s largest town and the county seat of Maui County. The harbor’s three piers total over 3,019 linear feet. Pier 1, which handles both cargo and passenger ships, is 1,332 feet long with an alongside depth of 34 feet. Piers 2 and 3 accommodate barge activity.
Primary cargo handled at Kahului Harbor include container and general cargo, automobiles, lumber, bulk cement, petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gas, produce, steel, coal, dry and liquid bulk fertilizer, bulk and raw sugar and molasses. Pier 3, with 500 feet of berthing space, is a roll-on/roll-off facility designed for inter-island and overseas cargo. Pier 3 also berths commercial fishing boats. Adjoining lands were recently acquired for the expansion of the harbor back-up area. Cargo handling and storage space at the harbor totals over 827,000 square feet.
Two breakwaters protect the harbor which has a basin 2,050 feet wide by 2,400 feet long and a depth of 35 feet. The harbor’s entrance is 660 feet wide. Anchorage is limited to outside the harbor and is further restricted by the prevailing northeasterly trade winds. (Personal communication, DOT-Harbors Maui and Moloka‘i District Manager).
Within the last few years, the State and County have realized the need for increased capacity at this harbor. The State has reported that cargo flow has increased by over 50 percent in the last 5 years and with the continuous flow of cruise ships into the harbor, the use of this facility has extended beyond its means. The initiation of the Superferry highlighted the need for the State
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Department of Transportation to thoroughly plan and study the use and impacts of the harbor, not only to commercial users, but to recreational users as well.
The State Department of Transportation is now in its initial planning and development stage of the Kahului Commercial Harbor 2030 Master Plan. The development of this plan will involve not only the relevant State, County and Federal agencies that have jurisdictional concerns, but other users such as terminal operators, vessel operators and pertinent community representatives (i.e. canoe club representatives). Since Kahului Commercial Harbor is Maui’s only maritime facility capable of handling the island’s essential commodities, it is imperative that a sound, attainable plan is created to address the proper expansion and improvements needed for the next 25 years.
Keanae Ramp, Maui Island
This commercial ramp is located on the north shore of Maui, approximately 33 miles east of Kahului, and two miles northwest of Hana. Facilities include a ramp and 12-foot wide paved landing area on approximately 0.21 acres.
Kaunakakai Commercial Harbor, Moloka‘i
This commercial harbor is located on Moloka‘i’s south shore, and 16 miles from the most westerly point of Moloka‘i. The launch ramp is 12 feet wide. The overall facility area is 12 acres, including 3 berths, 29 moorings, one ramp, one pier, restrooms and a harbor office.
12.5 2001 BOAT REGISTRATIONS
Demand for boating facilities is driven by the number of boats that need to use those facilities. The demand is divided into two categories, based on whether the boat is moored on land or on water. Table 12-5 summarizes the island-wide registrations of “undocumented vessels” (vessels that are not ships of the United States), showing that in 2001, approximately 83% of the boats in Maui County were moored on land. Data were available on an island basis only.
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Table 12-5 Overview of Boat Registrations, Maui County
“Report of Undocumented Vessel Registration,” January 1 - December 31, 2001 Vessels Vessels Moored on Moored on % Moored on % Moored on Water Land Total Vessels Water Land Maui 242 1,258 1,500 16% 84% Moloka‘i 45 154 199 23% 77% Lana‘i 15 63 78 19% 81% Total Maui County 302 1,475 1,777 17% 83% Source: State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation
12.6 ASSESSMENT OF FUTURE FACILITY NEEDS
12.6.1 Projected Facilities for Boats Moored on Land
Table 12-6 projects the increase of boats moored on land based on forecast population increases for each island. The data indicate that, by 2030, Lana‘i’s boats moored on land could increase from 63 to 88; Maui Island’s could rise from 1,258 to 1,728; and Moloka‘i’s could grow from 154 to 161. Table 12-6 Projected Increases in Undocumented Vessels Moored on Land, 2005-2030
Vessels Vessels on Moored 2000 Moored on on Land, Boating Land Per Island 2001 Population Capita 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Lana‘i 63 1,779 0.0354 1,939 2,105 2,241 2,310 2,392 2,498 Projected 69 75 79 82 85 88
Maui Island 1,258 72,787 0.0173 79,356 85,386 91,959 91,819 95,199 99,995 Projected 1,372 1,476 1,589 1,587 1,645 1,728
Moloka‘i 154 3,788 0.0407 3,706 3,802 3,850 3,824 3,857 3,954 Projected 151 155 157 155 157 161 TOTAL 1,475 1,591 1,705 1,825 1,824 1,887 1,977 Source: Population Data: Maui County Planning Department, July 2006 Boat Data: State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation
Table 12-7 shows estimated increases in demand for boat ramp facilities by 2030. There was no improvement rate forecast for Lana‘i, but Maui and Moloka‘i was projected with a 20% increase in the number of ramps per registered boat moored on land. According to the
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estimates, Maui will require 3 additional ramps (17 total) by 2030 to serve “boats moored on land.” Fractional increases in demand (less than one additional ramp) are projected for Lana‘i and Moloka‘i to 2030. Table 12-7 Future Demand for Ramp Facilities, 2005-2030 Boats % Moored Improvement Boats on in Existing Moored Land Ramps per Generation Ramps on per Boat Rate to Generation and Land, Ramp, Generation Reduce Rate with Boat Ramps moorings 2001 2001 Rate Boats/Ramp Improvement 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Manele Ramp 1 63 63 0.0159 0.0000 n/a 69 75 79 82 85 88 Total Ramp Demand 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4
Hana Ramp 1 Kahului Ramp 1 Lahaina Roadstead 1 Mala Ramp 2 Maliko Ramp 1 Kihei Ramp 3 Ma’alaea Ramp 1 Keanae Ramp 1 Total 11 1258 126 0.0079 20% 0.0095 1372 1476 1589 1587 1645 1728 Total Ramp Demand 13.1 14.1 15.2 15.1 15.7 16.5
Kaunakakai Ramp** 1 154 154 0.0065 20% 0.0078 151 155 157 155 157 161 Hale o Lono 1 Total Ramp Demand 1475 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 Source: Population Data: Maui County Planning Department, July 2006 Boat Data: State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation ** Moloka‘i includes Kaunakakai and Hale o Lono
12.6.2 Projected Facility Needs for Boats Moored in Water
Table 12-8 below shows the projected increases in the number of boats moored on water compared to the number of available moorings. On Lana‘i, the number of boats moored on water is projected to grow from 15 to 21; on Maui island from 264 to 332; and on Moloka‘i from 44 to 47. According to these estimates, Lana‘i will need 6 additional moorings by 2030, Maui Island will need an additional 68, and Moloka‘i will need 3. It is critical to note that this analysis is based on the assumption that people who now moor their boats on land are satisfied with this arrangement. However, it is reasonable to suggest that there is actually a current shortage of
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mooring space in the water and the need for future facilities is much higher than what is being projected. Table 12-8 Projected Demand for Water Mooring Facilities, 2005-2030
Vessels 2000 Vessels Moored on Boating Moored on Water, Population Water Per Boat Ramps 2001 Ages 20-65 Capita 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Lana‘i 15 1779 0.0084 1939 2105 2241 2310 2392 2498 - Projected Increase in Boats 16 18 19 19 20 21 Moored on Water - Existing Number of Available 15 15 15 15 15 15 Moorings - Future Need: 1 3 4 4 5 6 1
Maui Island 242 72787 0.0033 79356 85386 91959 91819 95199 99995 - Projected Increase in Boats 264 284 306 305 317 332 Moored on Water - Existing Number of Available 242 242 242 242 242 242 Moorings - Future Need: 22 42 64 63 75 90
Moloka‘i 45 3788 0.0119 3706 3802 3850 3824 3857 3954 - Projected Increase in Boats 44 45 46 45 46 47 Moored on Water - Existing Number of Available 45 45 45 45 45 45 Moorings - Future Need: -1 0 1 0 1 2
Total 303 324 347 370 370 383 400 Source: Population Data: Maui County Planning Department, July 2006 Boat Data: State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation
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12-14 SECTION 13 SOLID WASTE
13.1 OVERVIEW
Since 1960, the United States has witnessed a steady rise in both total tons of waste generated and pounds generated per person. Management of this waste increasingly relies on a sophisticated array of strategies aimed at source reduction, material diversion, and disposal. The most common practice for dealing with waste, however, remains disposal through landfilling. Though often ignored by the general population, landfills are probably the most highly utilized public facility, and the most difficult to provide. State and local officials and private companies are finding it increasingly challenging to site new facilities because of strict government regulations due, in large part, to adverse environmental and public health impacts that have been linked to past disposal practices and community opposition. (EPA, 1990 & DPW, 2002) Nevertheless, even as alternative waste management practices become more established and greater proportions of the waste stream are directed away from landfills, both the rate of generation and total quantity of municipal waste are projected to increase and demands for greater landfill capacity will naturally follow.
To address these trends, the County of Maui developed in 1994 a county-wide Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (ISWMP). The plan is scheduled to be updated in 2007. Since the plan was implemented, Maui County has seen a gradual leveling in the average total tons of waste received at its landfills, despite an increase in both population and pounds generated per person. This is the result primarily of programs focused on waste diversion, including a vigorous recycling effort and green waste composting. Despite Maui’s success with waste diversion, landfills will remain the main component of Maui’s waste management system and a major land use issue for Maui’s population long into the future.
This study of solid waste primarily focuses on estimating the amount of solid waste that will be produced by each of the Maui Community Plan Districts in future years and the capacity of currently available and planned landfills. This study will also discuss alternative waste management strategies being pursued by the County, including waste diversion programs, public-private partnerships, and public education efforts. However, a qualitative assessment of these strategies is not undertaken. Because of the limited scope of this study, the information presented should be viewed as a guide rather than a definitive approach to solid waste management.
13.1.1 Integrated Solid Waste Management
The County’s 1994 ISWMP adopted the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA’s) Integrated Waste Management strategy. Integrated waste management refers to the complementary use of a variety of waste management practices to safely and effectively handle the municipal waste stream with the least adverse impact on human health and the environment. The EPA's strategy includes five components as follows (from the EPA's Decision Makers Guide to Solid Waste Management Vol. 2, 1995):
13-1 Source Reduction - is an approach whereby consumers actively decrease their production of waste. Examples include the production by manufacturers and purchase by consumers of products that are less perishable, use less packaging, or are more durable. This minimizes both the volume and level of toxins in products at the manufacturing level and extends the life of those products. For example, removing toxins such as lead and cadmium increases the safety of recycling, land disposal and combustion. The design and manufacturing industry can provide a leadership role in producing products that are less toxic, generate less waste, have longer life spans, are reusable, or have other qualities that enhance waste management.
Recycling - diverts potentially large volumes of wastes from landfills and combustors. Linking recycling and other public policies, however, is crucial for an effective recycling program. For example, market development for used newsprint is necessary in implementing community recycling programs. Also, although public support for recycling is increasing dramatically, the public often opposes the siting of recycling centers and transfer stations. Nonetheless, advances in technology will continue to make recycling a valuable management tool for public officials and community groups.
Composting - composting can be an integral component of an integrated waste management strategy due to the relatively high proportion of compostable material that normally enters the municipal waste stream. Composting is a variable process that ranges from the use of backyard systems to large in-vessel digesters handling municipal solid waste. Composting can divert significant volumes of material that would have to be landfilled or otherwise managed.
Waste Combustion - can be a viable waste management alternative for many communities. To increase the viability of this option, it is important to ensure that combustors are designed, operated and controlled to minimize risks to human health and the environment from both air emissions and ash. Technology now exists that satisfies the safety objectives stated above, although some groups are still unconvinced of the safety of these measures.
Land Disposal - is used for the majority of the United State's solid waste and, despite their social and environmental problems, will continue to be essential in the future. Source reduction and recycling, including composting, can divert significant portions of the waste stream from final disposal, but not all materials are recyclable: some portions of the waste stream cannot be handled in any other way. Fortunately, measures to minimize the volume and toxicity of waste going to landfills, combined with technological advances and regulatory improvements, are making landfill disposal more efficient and safe, and adverse environmental impacts can now be detected and addressed more effectively. Nevertheless, local government should continue to work at reducing dependence on landfills and conserving existing landfill space by focusing on waste reduction measures.
Integrated solid waste management uses a combination of all of the above components to manage the municipal waste stream. It is based on the fact that the waste stream is comprised of distinct elements and quantities that can be managed and disposed of separately. An integrated system is designed to address a specific set of local solid waste management problems, and its operation is based upon local resources, economics and environmental impacts (EPA, 1995).
There is no universal step-by-step method for selecting and developing integrated waste management components and systems. The success of integrated solid waste management depends largely on the dedication and expertise of local decision makers and a cooperative effort among citizens, manufacturers, waste managers and public officials (EPA 1995).
13-2 13.2 NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND FACILITY SITING METHODOLOGY
The primary component of any waste management plan is the estimation and characterization of future waste quantities in order to give a basis for future planning. The facility that accounts for the majority of waste management is the landfill. This document will assess the volume of Maui's future solid waste and discuss methods for disposal of this waste, primarily through landfilling.
The analysis of Maui County’s solid waste facilities was conducted according to the steps outlined in Table 13-1, Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Solid Waste Facilities. The methodology is further discussed as follows:
13.2.1 Waste Stream Assessment
A. Assumptions. Projecting estimates of future waste volumes is a function of many variables. The EPA (1995) suggests an examination of the following:
Population Change - is the most important variable to consider when assessing the future waste stream. Population projections can be factored with historical per capita waste generation data to estimate future waste tonnages. In doing so, it is important to distinguish between the defacto population and resident population. The defacto population should be used as it represents the actual number of persons contributing to the waste stream. In addition to population growth, factors such as income distribution, employment characteristics, and population density all impact the quantity and composition of material entering the future waste stream. However, the use of such factors in waste generation modeling is tricky without accurate corresponding waste data obtained through detailed waste characterization studies.
This study uses defacto population growth projections based on Census 2000 data. The model assumes that overall income, employment and other demographic factors will be homogenous and relatively unchanging from those currently existing.
Industrial and Commercial Growth - can result in significant changes in waste stream quantities and composition. Strong seasonal fluctuations in waste generation also can result from growth in specific economic sectors. For example, resort areas tend to generate high quantities of recyclable glass, aluminum, and plastic from beverage and food containers, as well as large amounts of organic food waste. One characteristic of industrial and commercial waste is that it can generally be separated and recycled more readily than residential waste. As an example, the County requires all liquor establishments to recycle glass products. Many municipalities focus on this fact with mandatory recycling programs aimed at specific categories of commercial activities.
This study does not include industrial and commercial growth as a factor in waste generation projections. In the absence of sector-specific waste characterization studies, it is assumed that industrial and commercial growth will be captured by a corresponding trend in projected population growth.
13-3 Table 13-1 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Solid Waste Facilities # Step Analysis Data Source 1 Obtain data on existing solid waste Given County of Maui, Department of facilities: locations, daily tonnage Public Works (DPW), Solid Waste received, capacity, recycling Division (SWD) facilities, life expectancy. 2 Obtain historical data on annual Given Integrated Solid Waste waste generation rates at in Maui Management Plan, and Solid County. Waste Characterization Study, County of Maui, DPW, SWD 3 Obtain historical data and 2000 to Defacto population data for Maui County 2000-2030 baseline population 2030 projections for populations that broken down by Community Plan forecast, the Maui County Planning generate waste in Maui County. District. Department, June 2006 4 Determine per capita waste For year 2000, PPD = [(annual waste Derived. generation in pounds per person per generation tonnage * 2000 lbs. ÷ 365 day (PPD) for base year 2000. days) ÷ defacto population. 5 Determine annual average increase Given National average annual increase Municipal Solid Waste in the in PPD. in PPD based on 39 years of record. United States, 2000 Facts and Figures, U.S. EPA 6 Project weight of future solid waste Daily waste production ( in pounds) for a Derived. stream from each Community Plan given year = [(PPD + average annual District population. increase * no. of yrs. from base yr. 2000 )* defacto pop. for given year] 7 Convert daily waste production to Annual tonnage = daily waste Derived. annual tonnage. production * 365 ÷ 2000 lbs. 8 Convert annual waste tonnage to Annual waste volume = annual waste Derived. Daily cover requirement: annual waste volume. tonnage * 1.25 (additional 25% daily U.S. EPA. Weight to volume ratio: cover) * 2 (no. of cubic yards of waste Design, Construction, and per ton). Monitoring of Sanitary Landfills, Bagchi (1990) 9 For each landfill, project cumulative Calculate average annual increase in Derived. waste generation, in tonnage and waste tonnage and volume between volume, for years 2000 to 2030. years 2000-2005, 2006-2010, 2011- 2015, 2016-2020, 2021-2025, & 2026- 2030. Sum tonnage & volume for years 2000 to 2030. For each year, tonnage & volume = [Base year quantity + (average annual increase * no. of years from base year)], where base years = 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, & 2030. 10 Determine landfill capacity in cubic Capacity in cy = [landfill acres * (landfill Derived. Acre capacity and yards (cy) for each landfill location. depth ÷ 30 feet) * 48,400 cy (acre excluded area standards: Design, capacity for every 30 feet of fill depth) * Construction, and Monitoring of 0.75 (25% excluded area for buffer, Sanitary Landfills, Bagchi (1990). liners, leachate system, & final cover)]. Capacity based on 11 Determine life expectancy of each For each landfill, subtract cumulative Derived. landfill within the 20-year study (2002-2030) volume (cy) of waste horizon. generated by the service population, from the projected capacity (cy) of the landfill. Divide the difference by the average annual volume of generated waste to determine number of surplus/deficit operational years from year 2030.
13-4 Per Capita Generation - Per capita waste generation is determined from historical records of waste tonnage and population data and is expressed in terms of pounds per person per day (PPD). Once PPD is determined, it is calculated with population projections to project waste generation tonnages which can then be translated into future waste volume and landfill space requirements. Additionally, it is generally assumed that the trend of increasing annual per capita waste generation will continue into the future. To account for this trend in waste projection models, an average annual rate of increase in PPD waste generation is used.
For the purpose of this report's projections, a 2000 baseline estimate of 5.44 PPD was derived from annual landfill disposal data provided by the County Department of Public Works & Environmental Management (DPWEM), and defacto population projections provided by the Maui County Planning Department, July 2006. The DPWEM data accounts for waste generated from residential, commercial, construction and agricultural uses. It also factors in the County’s waste diversion efforts, as discussed below. This model assumes that the baseline estimates of waste generation per person will continue to increase at a steady rate over the short time span of this study. The average increase of 0.048 pounds per person per year is based on national averages covering a 39-year period of record. Because of the long period of record, the national average is assumed to provide a more stable projection rate than can be obtained from local data (EPA, Basic Facts, 2002).
Waste Management Practices - Accurate waste stream projections are difficult to quantify considering the rapid change in the way waste is managed. Future source reduction, recycling and composting activities will all result in a reduction in the amount of waste requiring disposal. Regardless of the success of such efforts, landfills will remain the most widely used waste management method in the United States, and in Maui County, into the foreseeable future. At present, approximately 57% of the nation's municipal waste stream is landfilled, with 15% burned at combustion facilities and 28% recovered, recycled, or composted (EPA, 2002). Since 2000, approximately 30% of the solid waste generated annually in Maui County is diverted by means of recycling, reuse, and composting, and the remainder is landfilled (Maui DPWEM, 2002).
This study factors in Maui’s success with waste diversion and the resulting reduction in landfill capacity demands. While the County is targeting a 50% waste diversion rate within the period of this study, the model uses the current 30% diversion rate for waste generation projections over the 25-year study period. The 30% diversion rate is factored into the PPD multiplier used in the study’s projections.
B. Baseline Data. This report has drawn on the results of two documents that provide historical waste generation data for Maui County, and on current waste data provided by the County Department of Public Works & Environmental Management, Solid Waste Division (DPWEM). The two documents are:
• 1994 County of Maui Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (ISWMP) - Prepared by Parametrix, Inc., for the DPWEM.
The 1994 ISWMP remains the blueprint for the County’s waste management system. It presents a strategy for reducing the amount of waste entering Maui’s landfills based on increased recycling and composting efforts. Although the Plan’s goal of 50% waste stream diversion by the year 2000 has not been realized, the figure remains a realistic target.
13-5 For the purposes of this study, the 1994 ISWMP provided baseline historical data for 1990 population and waste disposal tonnages. It was also the source of comparative data helpful in determining the per capita waste generation rate and annual increase rate.
• 1994 Solid Waste Characterization Study (SWCP) - Maui, Hawaii - Prepared by R. W. Beck for the DPWEM.
The 1994 SWCP provides a more detailed analysis of Maui’s waste stream. The study includes data collected from gate surveys conducted at the Central Maui Landfill, and provides the first accurate estimate of waste diversion rates. For this study, the SWCP provided baseline data for 1994 population and waste disposal tonnages, and was the source of historical waste diversion data.
The Department of Public Works & Environmental Management (DPWEM), Solid Waste Division, provided baseline data for current waste generation and diversion rates. The Department also provided quantitative information pertaining to landfill development, including acreage, fill heights, daily fill tonnage, compaction rates, and overall capacity.
C. Methodology for Assessing Future Waste Stream. The weight of the future waste stream can be predicted by multiplying Maui County’s defacto population projections by an estimate of pounds per person per day (PPD) waste generated. Annual increases in PPD waste generation are also factored in at average rate for each year of the study period. Each day's estimated waste production (in pounds) is determined by the following formula: (Estimated pounds/person/day (PPD) for Year Y) x (Defacto Population in Year Y); Daily Waste Production for Index Year = {(Index Year) x (.048) + 5.44 PPD} x Defacto Population for Index Year, where: Index Year is as follows 2000 = 0; 2005 = 5, etc.. (.048) is the estimated average annual increase in PPD from baseline year 2000. (5.44 PPD) is the estimated per capita daily production in 2000 excluding 30% diverted waste. The annual tonnage for each year is calculated by multiplying the total daily production (in pounds) by 365 days and dividing by 2000 (pounds in one ton).
Annual Tonnage = Daily Waste Production (pounds) x 365 / 2000 = [(Index Year x .048 + 5.44 PPD) x Defacto Population] x 365 / 2000; where: 365 = days in the year, and 2000 = pounds per ton; Index year is as follows: 2000 = 0, 2005 = 5, etc.
13.2.2 Landfill Design and Siting Methodology
The focus of this report is on the physical requirements of Maui’s landfills. Three major aspects of landfill capacity, design, and siting are as follows:
A) Estimation of waste volume - annual and cumulative over the 25-year study period.
B) Estimation of existing and planned landfill capacity and additional land needs; and,
C) Landfill size and location criteria.
A. Waste Volume Estimates. Using estimates of future annual waste generation tonnages, we can apply a volume rate provided by Bagchi (1990) in Design, Construction and
13-6 Monitoring of Sanitary Landfills. At a standard rate of compaction, one cubic yard of waste volume is produced by approximately 1000 pounds of municipal waste. Thus, each ton of waste produces 2 cubic yards of material.
In addition, the EPA requires that solid waste in a landfill be covered daily with soil to prevent contamination and to control the influx of vectors. Bagchi (1990) sets the waste to daily cover ratio at 4:1. Consequently, the total volume (in cubic yards) of waste and daily cover is calculated as follows:
Annual Waste Volume = 1.25 x annual waste production (tons) x 2; where: 1.25 = Additional 25% daily cover 2 = number of cubic yards of waste per ton
In this study, annual waste volumes are projected for indexed population years (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, & 2030). Cumulative volumes are derived by applying an average annual increase in tons to each year of the 25-year study period and summing the total.
B. Landfill Capacity and Land Needs.
Overall landfill size and capacity is determined by waste stream quantities and buffer area requirements to accommodate liners, leachate collection systems, and final cover. Additional, non-landfill space is required for roadways, equipment storage, and management offices. To determine Maui County’s total available and planned landfill capacity, this study identifies the amount of land dedicated to waste burial (landfill) and applies a baseline capacity of waste volume (cubic yards) per landfill acre. Compacted waste volume and additional daily cover is placed in a landfill in increments referred to as “lifts”. Lifts correspond to the height (or depth) of the fill and are dependent upon site topography and grading design. Each acre “lift” of 30 feet has a storage capacity of 48,400 cubic yards.
In addition, landfill capacity factors in a buffer boundary surrounding the waste representing 25% of the fill area. Thus, 25% of the calculated landfill capacity is withheld for use as buffer space. The following scenario has already been used in similar landfill design projects on other islands in Hawai‘i.
Total Landfill Capacity (cy) = (Landfill Acres) x (Number of Lifts) x 48,400 x 0.75; where: 48,400 = cubic yards (cy) that can be stored in a landfill area of one acre by 1 “lift”, or 10 yards deep 0.75 = Area available for landfill, excluding 25% buffer area for liners, leachate collection systems, and final cover. (Note: Daily cover is calculated with waste volume.)
C. Site Selection
Current methods for siting landfills are more reliant on including non-governmental and citizen groups in the overall process than more traditional siting methods. The EPA (1990) suggests a Three-Phase Siting framework (See Table 13-2) to be used by municipal and community decision makers when siting a landfill.
13-7 Table 13-2 The Three Phase Siting Process
Phase 1: Planning 1. Identifying the Problem Recognizing the growing waste streams, rising costs, and capacity shortfall 2. Designating the Siting Strategy Planning and integrating public involvement, risk communication, mitigation and evaluation activities 3. Assessing Alternatives Researching, debating and choosing among the options: recycling, source reduction, incineration, and landfill disposal. 4. Choosing Site Feasibility Criteria Studying population densities, hydro-geological conditions, and socioeconomic characteristics.
Phase 2: Site Selection and Facility Design 5. Selecting the Site Performing initial site screening and designation; acquiring land; conducting permit procedures; developing environmental impact statement, and completing the public participation process.
Choosing technologies, dimension, safety characteristics, restrictions, mitigation plans, compensation 6. Designing the Facility arrangements, and construction.
Phase 3: Implementation 7. Operation Monitoring incoming waste; managing waste disposal; performing visual and lab testing; controlling noise, litter, and odor.
Monitoring operations and safety features; performing 8. Management random testing of waste; enforcing permit conditions.
Closing and securing the facility; deciding on future land 9. Closure and Future Land Uses uses; and performing continued monitoring.
13-8 In addition, the EPA's Sites for Our Solid Waste - A Guidebook for Effective Public Involvement (1990) may be a useful background text for decision makers.
The EPA has developed siting and construction criteria for new and existing municipal solid waste landfills. These provisions are detailed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) Criteria (Code of Federal Regulations, Volume 40, Part 258. See Federal Register, October 9, 1991, 56 CFR 50978). The following is a brief summary of general guidelines for landfill siting as provided by Bagchi (1990) with actual EPA requirements noted.
• No landfill shall be constructed within 1000 feet of any navigable lake, pond or flowage. In addition a surface water monitoring program should be established to monitor water runoff that could be contaminated. • No landfill should be constructed within 300 feet of a navigable river or stream. • No landfill shall be constructed within a 100 year flood plain (EPA requirement). • No landfill should be constructed within 1000 feet of the right of way of any state or federal highway. This restriction is mainly for aesthetic reasons. • No landfill should be constructed within 1000 feet of a public park. In addition a high fence and secured gate should be constructed to restrict access to unauthorized person • No landfill should be constructed within a critical habitat area. A critical habitat area is defined as the area in which one or more endangered species live. • No landfill should be constructed within a designated wetlands (EPA requirement). • No landfill should be constructed with 10,000 feet of any airport (FAA regulation). This restriction is imposed to reduce the hazard from birds that are attracted to the landfill site (EPA requirement). • No landfill should be constructed within 1200 feet of any water supply well. • Landfills should not be constructed in fault, seismic or otherwise unstable areas It should be noted that EPA criteria are not absolute, as exceptions can be granted. In addition, the County Department of Public Works & Environmental Management includes the following additional guidelines for landfill siting:
• Landfill siting should account for sensitive land uses, visibility, site size and geological and engineering concerns (including soil type and cover availability). • Conformance with the State of Hawaii Department of Health Chapter 58 regulations which include standards for signage, access, aesthetics, monitoring, operation and closure of landfills Ultimately, site selection depends on many factors, including the total amount of waste that needs to be accommodated, and community, economic, and engineering concerns as outlined earlier.
13.3 INVENTORY OF EXISTING SOLID WASTE FACILITIES
13.3.1 Landfills
The County of Maui currently operates four landfills, one on Lana‘i, one on Moloka‘i, and two on Maui island. One waste transfer station is also operated by the County on Maui. Figure 13-1 13-9 shows the locations of the County’s solid waste facilities. Table 13-3 provides an inventory of the landfills within the study boundary. Table 13-3 Inventory of Landfills Expected Landfill Name TMK # Total Acres Service Boundary Tons/Day Closure1 Central Maui 3-8-3: 19, 25, 04 130 All areas except Hana 425 By Phase Phases 1, 2, 3 3-8-3: 19 59.6 All areas except Hana Closed Phase 3 - Compost 3-8-3: 19 (por) (10) All areas except Hana Indefinite Phase 4 3-8-3: 25 29.3 All areas except Hana By Phase 4a 3-8-3: 25 (por) (10) All areas except Hana Closed 4b 3-8-3: 25 (por) (10) All areas except Hana March 2015 Phases 5 & 6 3-8-3: 04 (por.) 70 All areas except Hana 2065 Hana 1-3-6: 12 34.4 Hana 4 2050 Naiwa , Moloka‘i 5-2-11: 27 (por.) 25 Moloka‘i 17 2018 Lana‘i 4-9-2: 01(por) 36 Lana‘i 5 2060 Transfer Station
Olowalu 4-8-3: 39 65.4 Lahaina n/a - Source: County of Maui, Department of Public Works, 2002 Notes: 1 Closure dates provided by DPW, Solid Waste Division Central Maui Landfill
The Central Maui Landfill is located off Pulehu Road. The landfill is owned and operated by the County and accepts all types of municipal waste with the exclusion of regulated hazardous wastes, commercial construction, and demolition debris. The fill rate has remained steady at approximately 425 tons per day.
The Central Maui Landfill has six planned phases of development, as described in Table 13-4: Table 13-4 Central Maui Landfill - Development Phases Phase TMK # (por) Site Acres Landfill Acres “Lift”1 (feet) Capacity2 (cubic yards) Phase 1, 2 3-8-3: 19 49.6 40 60 full Phase 3 - Compost 3-8-3: 19 10 10 30 indefinite Phase 4a 3-8-3: 25 15 10 60 726,000 Phase 4b 3-8-3: 25 14.3 10 120 2,178,0003 Phase 5 & 6 3-8-3: 04 70 60 120 8,712,000 Total 11,253,000 Source: County of Maui, Department of Public Works, 2002 Notes: 1 “Lift” is the height or depth of the fill measured in feet. It is dependent on site topography and grading design. 2 Capacity estimates factor in a 25% buffer area, based on methods described in Section 13.2.2. 3 Phase 4b capacity includes Phase 4a acreage for the top two lifts.
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13-11 At present, Phases 1 and 2 are closed. Phase 3 accepts compost only and will continue compost operations indefinitely. Phase 4a landfill operations began in 2003 with an expected operational life span of two years before Phase 4b begins receiving waste. When Phase 4b reaches the height of Phase 4a, landfilling may continue across both phase areas to a lift height of up to 120 feet. Phases 5 & 6 are currently being quarried by Ameron HC & D.
Hana Landfill
Hana Landfill occupies approximately 6 acres of a 34-acre parcel owned by the County. The landfill services residents of the Hana Community Plan region. The landfill accepts solid waste and receives approximately 4 tons daily. The 34-acre parcel is shared by Recycle Hana, which separates out scrap metals, glass, plastic, cardboard and green waste for recycling and composting. Hana landfill has a designed lift of 30 feet and estimated capacity of 290,400 cubic yards (County of Maui, Department of Public Works, 2002).
Naiwa Landfill, Moloka‘i
Naiwa Landfill encompasses approximately 12 acres of a 25-acre parcel owned and operated by the County. An adjacent 10-acre parcel southwest of the landfill is available for future landfill expansion. The landfill accepts solid waste for the entire island of Moloka‘i and receives approximately 17 tons of waste daily. The 25-acre site includes offices, recycle drop-off and composting facilities. Naiwa landfill has a designed lift of 30 feet and estimated capacity of 580,000 cubic yards (County of Maui, Department of Public Works, 2002).
Lana‘i Landfill
Lana‘i Landfill is located in the southwestern portion of the island of Lana‘i, approximately 4 miles southwest of Lana‘i City on Kaumalapau Highway. The landfill occupies 20 acres of a 36- acre parcel owned by operated by the County of Maui. The landfill accepts all solid waste for the entire island of Lana‘i and receives approximately 5 tons of waste daily. Lana‘i Landfill has a designed lift of 30 feet and estimated capacity of 968,000 cubic yards (County of Maui, Department of Public Works & Environmental Management, 2002).
Olowalu Transfer Station
Operations at the Olowalu transfer station, sited adjacent to the former landfill, accommodate self-hauled waste from residents of Lahaina for transfer to the Central Maui Landfill. The site includes a reusable item drop area and recycling drop station. In addition, transfer stations are planned for Kihei, Upcountry, Paia, and Napili for residential waste.
Commercial (Private) Landfill
C&D Landfill (Maui Demolition and Construction) operates the only facility on Maui that accepts construction debris.
13.3.2 Waste Reduction, Diversion, and Recycling
Since the 1992 Public Facilities Assessment, the County has made significant progress implementing source reduction and waste diversion programs under the guidance of its Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan. Programs initiated by the plan have resulted in a 30% diversion of annual generated waste away from landfills and into recycling, reuse, and
13-12 composting (DPWEM 2002). Table 13-5 shows the increase in waste diversion from the Central Maui Landfill between 1990 and 2000. Table 13-5 Diverted Waste, Central Maui Landfill Defacto1 Annual Waste Landfilled Waste Diverted Waste Percent2 Year Population (tons) (tons) (tons) Diverted 1990 126,770 250,436 250,436 0 0 1994 142,400 180,858 152,972 27,886 15.4 2000 153,957 221,400 155,000 66,400 30 Source: 1990 Data - 1994 County of Maui Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan. 1994 Data - 1994 Solid Waste Characterization Study, Maui, Hawaii, R.W. Beck., December 1994. 2000 Data - DPWEM, Solid Waste Division, 2002. Notes: 1 - Defacto population for all island of Maui Community Plan Districts which use the Central Maui Landfill (excludes Hana, Moloka‘i, and Lana‘i). 2 - Percent of total generated waste diverted away from landfill through recycling, reuse, and composting. The County’s Solid Waste Division Recycling Section instituted a range of short and long term programs to encourage recycling by County residents. The Recycling Section’s programs include:
• County Building Recycling Project; • Community Drop-box Program; • Business Waste Reduction and Recycling Workshops; • Used Motor Oil Drop-off; • Paint Exchange; • Computer Exchange; and, • Recycling Phone Hotline. Specific community-wide recycling pilot projects have also been initiated to educate and encourage the population to take advantage of recycling opportunities and rethink their notions of “waste” (County of Maui, Department of Public Works & Environmental Management, 2002).
A main component of the County’s recycling program is the recycling drop box. Drop box facilities are unstaffed sites consisting of large “roll-off” storage containers for separating out various materials. Recycle drop boxes accept newspaper, plastic bags and bottles, glass, aluminum, card board, box board, and steel cans. Drop boxes are typically located on public property, such as schools or County land, but are also sited on private property through lease arrangements with the County. Drop box facilities can be sited within a 125-foot square space. An inventory of existing recycling drop-box locations is listed in Table 13-6. In addition, drop- boxes are planned for Napili and Paia.
13-13 Table 13-6 Recycling Drop-Box Locations Name TMK # Service Community Central Maui Landfill 2-3-8-3: 19, 25 Island of Maui
Ha‘iku 2-2-7-8: 127 Paia-Ha‘iku
Hana 2-1-3-6: 12 Hana
Kahului 2-3-8-7: 41 Kahului Kalama 2-2-3-37: 98 Makawao-Kula
Kihei 2-2-2-2: 73 Kihei-Makena
Naiwa Landfill 2-5-2-11: 27 (por.) Moloka‘i
Olowalu Transfer Station 2-4-8-3: 39 Lahaina Waiehu 2-3-3-1: 16 Wailuku
Source: County of Maui, Department of Public Works & Environmental Management, 2002
While each Community Plan region is currently serviced by at least one drop-box location, coverage and convenience is still limited. The Recycling Section is currently searching for new locations to expand recycling service. The highest priority areas at present include new sites in Kahului and Lahaina.
Starting in 2004 the Hawaii Deposit Beverage Container Program was initiated and the number of beverage container being redeemed has increased. “The intent of this program is to recycle as many beverage containers in the State of Hawaii as possible. Every year, approximately 800 million beverage containers are sold in the state. The majority of these containers end up discarded in the waste stream, or as litter in our community. The program places a 5¢ redeemable deposit on each beverage container; the deposit works as an incentive for people to recycle their empty containers (DES, 2006).”
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Redemption locations on Maui are as follows:
Kahului 110 S. Pu‘unene Ave. Open 24 hours a day Aloha Shell next to Kahului Post Office Mon. - Sat. 7am - 10pm Large Load scale Sun - Holidays 7am - 8pm available 24 hours a day Reverse Vending Machine available
Kahului 75 Amala Pl. off Hobron Ave. Mon. 7 - 5 Aloha Recycling makai of Hana Hwy. Tue. - Sat. 8 - 4:30
Kahului Wahine Pio Rd., between Wed. - Sun. 8 - 5:30 *Maui Community Ka‘ahumanu Ave. & Kahului Closed 1 -2 College Beach Rd., across from the MACC **Lg. Loads 8-12
Kahului 261 Dairy Rd. Tues. - Sat. 9 - 5 Reynolds Recycling Closed 12 - 1
Kahului 140 Hobron Rd. Mon. - Sat. 9 - 5 Reynolds Recycling entrance on Amala Pl. Closed 12 - 1
Wailuku 280 Imi Kala St. Tues. - Fri. 10 - 3 Maui Disposal across from Wailuku Post Office. **Lg. Loads 10-12 (Reverse Vending Sat. 9 - 4 Machine available) **Lg. Loads 9-12
Central Maui Pulehu Rd. Wed. & Fri. 8 - 4 LANDFILL PHASE One mile up from Hansen Rd. Thurs. Sat. 8 -2:30 IV Sun. 8 -2:30 Closed 11 - 11:30
UPCOUNTRY *Makawao Behind Kalama Intermediate Wed. - Sun. 8 - 5:30 School on Hale Kipa Rd. off Closed 1 - 2 Makani Rd. **Lg. Loads 8-12
*Ha`iku Beside Ha‘iku Community Center Wed. - Sun. 8 - 5:30 & Ha‘iku Elementary School Closed 1 - 2 on Hana Hwy. at Pauwela Rd. **Lg. Loads 8-12
KIHEI *Kihei Welakahao Road just makai of Wed. - Sun. 8 - 5:30 Pi‘ilani Hwy. across from Hope Closed 1 - 2 Chapel **Lg. Loads 8-12
LAHAINA Lahaina Keawe St. across from Cannery Wed. - Sun. 8 - 5:30 Mall, Closed 1 - 2 mauka of Honoapi‘ilani Hwy. **Lg. Loads 8-12
MOLOKA‘I * Moloka‘i Landfill Off Maunaloa Hwy., M, T, W, F 8 - 4:30 Recycle Moloka‘i between mile post 3 & 4 Thur. Sat. Sun. 8 to 12
LANA‘I Lana‘i Lana‘i City Mon. Wed. 1 to 4:30 below soccer field Fri. 1 to 5 Sat. 8:30 - 12:30
13-15 13.4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Maui County’s operating landfills have existing and planned capacity to meet solid waste disposal needs for many years into the future. Though the need for new landfill sites is not imminent, the problems associated with landfill siting and expansion remain. Planning for expansion of the existing landfills is an ongoing effort involving time consuming environmental studies and design, and social and political processes. For this reason, planning for additional capacity should begin at least four years in advance of projected need (EPA 1995).
The following sections assess projected demands for waste disposal at each of Maui County’s four operating landfills. The need for new waste disposal facilities is determined by comparing Maui’s projected waste generation against the County’s existing and planned landfill capacity. The assessment follows a three step process, as described in Section 13.2 and summarized as follows: 1. Project annual and cumulative waste generation tonnages based on defacto population and pounds of waste generated per person.
2. Convert waste tonnages to annual and cumulative volume based on standard compaction rates and daily cover requirements.
3. Calculate Maui’s existing and planned landfill capacity based on landfill acreage, depth of fill, and standard fill capacity per acre.
13.4.1 Assessment of Waste Generation
Table 13-7 provides an estimate of overall waste production for the County by island and community plan regions. The projections are based on the methodology described in Section 13.2.2.
As shown in the table, it is expected that Maui County’s total year 2000 waste generation of 178,124 tons (488 tons per day) will rise to 317,210 tons (869 tons per day) in year 2030. This represents a 78% increase in waste production over the 30-year period, factoring in both population growth and an estimated annual increase in pounds of generated waste per person per day. The percentage increase is driven by projections for Central Maui Landfill (CML), which receives approximately 91% of the County’s total generated waste. When broken down by landfill, projected 30-year increases are: CML – 81%; Hana – 42%; Moloka‘i – 32%; and Lana‘i – 6%. This variation is attributed to projected population growth, and does not reflect differences in waste management practices at the individual landfills.
13-16 Table 13-7 Maui County Projected Annual Waste Generation (tons per year) 2000 2005 2010 2020 2025 2030 Lahaina 42,589 48,295 53,935 60,327 66,601 73,495 Kihei-Makena 40,549 48,679 55,912 64,710 73,462 83,124 Wailuku-Kahului 45,024 51,542 58,974 66,797 75,341 84,582 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 22,385 25,060 27,726 30,506 33,517 36,741 Paia-Haiku 12,330 13,241 14,135 15,052 16,019 17,032 Subtotal 162,877 186,816 210,682 237,391 264,939 294,976 Hana 2,420 2,413 2,651 2,895 3,157 3,437 Maui Island 165,297 189,229 213,333 240,287 268,096 298,412 Moloka‘i 8,429 8,455 8,983 9,675 10,344 11,126 Lana‘i 4,398 4,956 5,579 6,280 6,938 7,672 Maui County 178,124 202,640 227,896 256,242 285,378 317,210 Source: County of Maui, Department of Public Works & Environmental Management, 2002. Population forecast by the Maui County Planning Department, July 2006 Notes: Annual Waste Production (tons) = (Total daily pounds of waste for target year) x 365/2000. Based on (Defacto Population Projection) x (estimated PPD - Pounds per Person per Day), Where PPD = 5.44 at 0.048 pound annual increase, 365 = days per year, 2000 = pounds per ton.
Waste generation projections also assume a constant 30% waste diversion rate at each of the landfills over the 30-year study period. Waste diversion is expected to increase to a targeted rate of 50% within the study period. Increases in waste diversion achieved through education, recycling, composting, and reuse programs will decrease the demand for landfill space and extend the life of Maui’s existing landfills beyond the projections in this study. This benefit will be realized primarily on the island of Maui where most waste reduction and diversion programs are being implemented.
Estimated waste generation from years 2000 to 2030 is shown in Table 13-8. The cumulative waste estimate factors in an annual increase in waste production averaged from waste projections for indexed years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030. Cumulative waste estimates provide the basis for determining future landfill capacity requirements.
13-17 Table 13-8 Maui County Annual Cumulative Waste Generation (tons) Years 2000 to 2030 CML Hana Naiwa Lanai County 2000 126,342 2,237 7,622 2,610 138,810 2001 131,963 2,277 7,739 2,779 144,757 2002 137,584 2,317 7,855 2,948 150,704 2003 143,205 2,357 7,972 3,116 156,650 2004 148,826 2,397 8,089 3,285 162,597 2005 154,447 2,437 8,206 3,454 168,544 2006 160,069 2,477 8,323 3,622 174,490 2007 165,690 2,517 8,439 3,791 180,437 2008 171,311 2,557 8,556 3,960 186,384 2009 176,932 2,597 8,673 4,129 192,330 2010 182,553 2,637 8,790 4,297 198,277 2011 188,174 2,677 8,907 4,466 204,223 2012 193,795 2,717 9,023 4,635 210,170 2013 199,416 2,757 9,140 4,803 216,117 2014 205,038 2,797 9,257 4,972 222,063 2015 210,659 2,837 9,374 5,141 228,010 2016 216,280 2,877 9,491 5,310 233,957 2017 221,901 2,917 9,607 5,478 239,903 2018 227,522 2,957 9,724 5,647 245,850 2019 233,143 2,997 9,841 5,816 251,797 2020 238,764 3,037 9,958 5,985 257,743 2021 244,385 3,077 10,075 6,153 263,690 2022 250,007 3,117 10,191 6,322 269,637 2023 255,628 3,157 10,308 6,491 275,583 2034 261,249 3,197 10,425 6,659 281,530 2025 244,385 3,077 10,075 6,153 263,690 2026 250,007 3,117 10,191 6,322 269,637 2027 255,628 3,157 10,308 6,491 275,583 2028 261,249 3,197 10,425 6,659 281,530 2029 266,870 3,237 10,542 6,828 287,477 2030 250,007 3,117 10,191 6,322 269,637 Total 6,373,027 86,817 287,317 154,643 6,901,805
Note: Based on an annual average increase of 5,947 tons.
13-18 Table 13-9 provides an estimate of the annual volume (cubic yards) of waste produced by Maui County broken down by island and community plan region. Waste volume projections are based on the methodology described in Section 13.2.2. Volume calculations use a standard rate of waste compaction and factor in additional fill material to comply with EPA daily cover requirements.
Table 13-9 Projected Annual Waste Volume (cubic yards) by Island and Community District 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Lahaina 86,808 106,472 120,737 134,837 150,818 166,501 183,738 Kihei-Makena 78,044 101,372 121,696 139,780 161,774 183,654 207,811 Wailuku-Kahului 84,661 112,559 128,854 147,436 166,992 188,353 211,456 Makawao-Pukalani-Kula 47,012 55,963 62,650 69,315 76,265 83,793 91,853 Paia-Haiku 19,330 30,826 33,103 35,336 37,630 40,047 42,581 Central Maui Landfill subtotal 315,854 407,192 467,041 526,705 593,478 662,349 737,439 Hana 5,592 6,051 6,031 6,627 7,239 7,892 8,591 Maui Island 321,446 413,243 473,072 533,332 600,717 670,241 746,030 Moloka‘i 19,054 21,071 21,138 22,459 24,186 25,860 27,815 Lana‘i 6,525 10,996 12,389 13,949 15,701 17,344 19,179 Maui County 347,026 445,310 506,600 569,739 640,604 713,444 793,024 Source: County of Maui, Department of Public Works & Environmental Management, 2002. Population forecast by the Maui County Planning Department, July 2006. Notes: Volume (cy) = (1.25 daily cover * Annual tons of Waste*2). Where: 2 cubic yards of waste volume is produced by 1 ton of waste (1 cubic yard per 1000 pounds); Daily cover ratio = 4:1 (EPA required contamination control).
Table 13-10 shows cumulative waste volume projected over the 30-year study period for each of the four landfill service areas. Waste volume projections are based on the methodology described in Section 13.2.2. The total cumulative volume of waste (including cover material) to be landfilled between years 2000 and 2030 is estimated to be 18.5 million cubic yards. Central Maui Landfill will receive approximately 93% of this amount, or 17.2 million cubic yards; Hana Landfill - 1%; Naiwa (Moloka‘i) Landfill - 4%; and Lana‘i Landfill - 2%.
13.4.2 Assessment of Landfill Capacity
Maui County’s existing and planned landfill capacity is shown in Table 13-11. Landfill capacity is based on landfill acres, depth/height of fill, and buffer area requirements. A landfill acre refers to the portion of the site dedicated to waste burial. It includes buffer space to accommodate liners, leachate collection systems, and final cover, but does not include space for access ways, equipment storage, and buildings. Lift height refers to landfill depth and is used to estimate landfill capacity in lieu of costlier volume estimates based on topographic surveys. A lift height/depth of 30 feet over one acre provides 48,400 cubic yards of landfill capacity.
13-19 Table 13-10 Cumulative Annual Waste Volume (cubic yards) by Landfill Service Areas, Years 2000 to 2030 CML Hana Naiwa Lana‘i County 2000 315,854 5,592 19,054 6,525 347,026 2001 325,108 5,647 19,225 6,831 356,812 2002 334,363 5,702 19,396 7,137 366,598 2003 343,617 5,757 19,568 7,443 376,384 2004 352,871 5,812 19,739 7,749 386,170 2005 362,125 5,866 19,910 8,054 395,956 2006 371,379 5,921 20,081 8,360 405,741 2007 380,633 5,976 20,252 8,666 415,527 2008 389,887 6,031 20,423 8,972 425,313 2009 399,142 6,086 20,594 9,278 435,099 2010 408,396 6,141 20,765 9,584 444,885 2011 417,650 6,196 20,936 9,890 454,671 2012 426,904 6,251 21,107 10,195 464,457 2013 436,158 6,306 21,278 10,501 474,243 2014 445,412 6,360 21,449 10,807 484,029 2015 454,666 6,415 21,620 11,113 493,815 2016 463,920 6,470 21,791 11,419 503,601 2017 473,175 6,525 21,962 11,725 513,387 2018 482,429 6,580 22,134 12,031 523,173 2019 491,683 6,635 22,305 12,336 532,959 2020 500,937 6,690 22,476 12,642 542,745 2021 510,191 6,745 22,647 12,948 552,531 2,022 519,445 6,800 22,818 13,254 562,317 2023 528,699 6,854 22,989 13,560 572,103 2024 537,954 6,909 23,160 13,866 581,889 2025 547,208 6,964 23,331 14,172 591,674 2026 556,462 7,019 23,502 14,477 601,460 2027 565,716 7,074 23,673 14,783 611,246 2028 574,970 7,129 23,844 15,089 621,032 2029 584,224 7,184 24,015 15,395 630,818 2030 593,478 7,239 24,186 15,701 640,604 Total 14,094,656 198,875 670,230 344,503 15,308,265 Notes: Volume (cy) = (1.25 daily cover * Annual tons of Waste*2). Where: 2 cubic yards of waste volume is produced by 1 ton of waste (1 cubic yard per 1000 pounds); Daily cover ratio = 4:1 (EPA required contamination control). 1The Central Maui Landfill is comprised of the community plan areas of Lahaina, Kihei-Makena, Wailuku- Kahului, Makawao-Pukalani-Kula, and Paia-Ha‘iku. Source: County of Maui, Department of Public Works & Environmental Management, 2002. Population forecast by the Maui County Planning Department , July 2006.
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Table 13-11 Maui County Existing and Planned Landfill Capacity Lift Height Landfill Total Acres Landfill Acres (feet) Capacity (cy) Year Open Central Maui Landfill Phase 1, 2 59.6 40 60 full 2002 - Phase 3 - Compost -10 10 30 indefinite - Phase 4 29.3 20 120 2015 Phase 4a -10 -10 60 726,000 2003 Phase 4b -10 -10 120 21,780,001 2005 Phase 5 & 6 70 60 120 8,712,000 future subtotal 11,616,000 Hana Landfill 34.4 6 30 217,000 Current Naiwa Landfill, Moloka‘i 25 12 45 653,000 Current Lana‘i Landfill 36 20 30 726,000 Current Maui County 13,212,000 Source: County of Maui, Department of Public Works & Environmental Management, 2002. Notes: Capacity = Acres * number of lifts * Storage per acre (cy) - 25% buffer area. Where: 1 lift = 30 feet; 1 acre with 1 lift = 48,400 cubic yards; See Section 13.2.2 for additional details. 1 Phase 4b capacity includes Phase 4a acreage for the top two lifts.
The following sections assess each of Maui’s four operational landfills based on projected waste generation and estimated capacity.
13.5 SOLID WASTE FACILITY ASSESSMENT
13.5.1 Central Maui Landfill Service Area
Central Maui Landfill (CML) services the entire island of Maui except Hana, including the community plan areas of Lahaina, Kihei-Makena, Wailuku-Kahului, Makawao-Pukalani-Kula, and Paia-Ha‘iku. The CML currently provides 1,050 cubic yards of space to bury the 452 tons of waste it receives on average each day from businesses and residents of these areas. By the year 2030, this amount is projected to increase to 808 tons of waste requiring 2,020 cubic yards of space each day for disposal. See Tables 13-7 and 13-9.
At the beginning of year 2003, the CML had a combined existing and planned capacity of 11.6 million cubic yards of landfill space, as shown in Table 13-11. Projected cumulative waste generation within the CML service area for the years 2005 to 2030 is 5.7 million tons, which translates into 12.4 million cubic yards of waste material requiring burial in the landfill. Based on these projections, the CML will have adequate capacity to accommodate commercial and residential waste through the year 2025.
Currently, 3 of the CML’s 6 planned phases are operational. Phase 3 is used exclusively for composting and will continue operating until the existing space become inadequate.
Phase 4 is being developed in two sections: Phase 4a has a capacity of 726,000 cubic yards; and, Phase 4b has a capacity of 2,178,000 cubic yards for a combined total of 2,904,000 cubic
13-21 yards. Phase 4b has satisfied State environmental requirements (Hawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 343, and Hawaii Administrative Rules, 11-200), but is not yet developed.
At projected waste generation rates, Phase 4a has an operational life of 6 to 7 years, with a projected closure date in the middle of 2009. Given the conservative nature of these projections, and likely increases in waste diversion rates, the operational life of the Phase 4 landfill may be extended by several years beyond 2009. However, planning, design, and permitting of subsequent landfill phases should be initiated well in advance of the projected closure date.
At present, 70 acres of quarry and sugarcane land have been set aside for Phases 5 & 6, of which 60 acres are dedicated for waste burial. Environmental permitting has been completed. Site design has not yet been initiated. With an estimated capacity of 8.7 million cubic yards, Phase 5 & 6 have a projected design life of 15+ years at future waste generation rates. This estimate does not take into account future increases in source reduction and waste diversion.
13.5.2 Hana Landfill
The Hana Landfill has 6 acres with an estimated capacity of 217 thousand cubic yards dedicated to waste burial. (See Table 13-11.) Based on the waste generation model used in this study, approximately 77.5 thousand cumulative tons of waste requiring 195 thousand cubic yards of burial space will be disposed of at the Hana landfill between the years 2000 and 2030. At the future (year 2030) annual waste generation rate of 3,437 tons, the remaining 110 thousand cubic yards of burial space will extend landfill operations a few years beyond 2030.
It must be noted that the quantities used by the model are conservative compared to DPWEM’s operational data for the Hana landfill. According to DPWEM, Hana landfill currently receives approximately 4 tons of waste per day, which translates to 1,460 tons per year or 3,650 cubic yards. At this rate, the landfill can expect to operate for an additional 40 to 50 years. In comparison, this study estimates current (year 2002) waste generation at 6.3 tons per day, or 2,313 tons / 5,782 cubic yards of waste material per year. According to the model, the landfill has an operational lifespan of 30 to 35 years.
13.5.3 Naiwa Landfill, Moloka‘i
Naiwa Landfill occupies a 25-acre parcel of which 12 acres are dedicated for landfill. Total landfill capacity is estimated at 653 thousand cubic yards. (See Table 13-11.) However, the landfill has been operational since 1993, receiving an average of 17 tons per day (DPWEM 2002), or 155 thousand cubic yards of material cumulatively over the ten year period ending in 2002. Based on these figures, remaining landfill capacity beginning in year 2003 is estimated at approximately 498 thousand cubic yards. According to the cumulative waste projection shown in Table 13-10, this remaining landfill space will be exhausted before the year 2021.
A 10-acre parcel adjacent to the Naiwa site has been identified by the County for future landfill expansion (Parametrix 1992). The additional space could provide an additional 25 to 30 years of waste disposal service.
13.5.4 Lana‘i Landfill
Since beginning operations in 1969, Lana‘i Landfill has expanded the area dedicated to waste disposal from 10 acres to 20, with a total estimated capacity of 726 thousand cubic yards. (See Table 13-11) Over the past 30 years, the landfill has received an average of 5 tons of waste per day (DPWEM 2002) for a cumulative total of 55 thousand tons claiming 137 thousand cubic
13-22 yards, or approximately 20% of the landfill space. The estimated 590 cubic yards of space remaining is projected to last well beyond the 20-year scope of this study. According to the study model (Table 13-10), Lana‘i Landfill will receive a total of 416 thousand cubic yards of waste between year 2000 and 2030, leaving an estimated 174 thousand cubic yards of landfill space with an additional lifespan of approximately 26 years.
13-23 BLANK PAGE
13-24 SECTION 14
PRISONS
14.1 OVERVIEW The entire prison system in the State of Hawai‘i is administered by the State Department of Public Safety (DPS). As part of its mission to ensure the safety of the public, the DPS is tasked with operating humane and secure correction facilities in each of the State=s four counties. Currently, the State operates eight facilities, including four on O‘ahu, two on the Big Island, and one each on Kaua‘i and Maui. Each facility is a self-contained community, designed and operated not only to incarcerate, but also to sustain the well-being of the inmates and ensure the safety of the staff. Towards this end, correctional facilities are required to provide adequate living space for inmate housing, and facility space to accommodate work activities, social programs, recreation, health care, food service, staff quarters, and security operations.
Unfortunately, overcrowding in the State=s prison system has been a persistent problem in the past decade. Currently, all but two of the State=s eight correctional facilities exceed their design capacity, including the Maui Community Correctional Center (MCCC). Efforts to alleviate the problem have focused on numerous strategies: inmate redistribution and out-of-state incarceration; increased maintenance and monitoring of prison infrastructure; and relief programming to increase the amount of time inmates spend outside of their cells. These efforts are increasing the virtual capacity and extending the useful life of Hawai‘i=s prison facilities, but ultimately the State correctional system is faced with fixed walls in which to house a steadily increasing inmate population. This report assesses the existing capacity and future needs of Maui County=s prison facilities.
Each county is home to one of four State prison facilities designated as Community Correctional Centers (CCC). The MCCC is the only prison facility serving the County of Maui. These facilities house male and female inmates in various stages of the criminal justice system, from those waiting trial to sentenced felons and misdemeanants. Community Correctional Centers typically accommodate inmates from the county in which they are located and in doing so serve two important functions. First, CCCs serve to distribute the prison burden so that no individual county carries the full weight of the State=s public safety responsibility. Second, CCCs allow inmates to maintain closer ties to family, friends, and familiar surroundings which greatly helps with their reintegration into the community upon to release. In application, CCCs thus embody a philosophy of redemptive justice that recognizes the importance of identity and place to the rehabilitation of inmates.
14.2 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY The analysis of Maui County=s prison facilities was conducted according to the steps outlined in Table 14-1, Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Prison Facilities. The methodology is further described in the following three step process: 1. Assessment of existing and future inmate populations; 2. Assessment of existing facility capacity; and, 3. Application of prison facility standards to projected inmate population.
14-1 14.2.1 Inmate Population
Prison population can be difficult to project. Over the short term, the number of men and women behind bars fluctuates dramatically due to a variety of reasons, including court scheduling, changes in laws, special police enforcement actions, and expansion and contraction of parole programs. Similarly, prison populations over the long term rise and fall in response to changes in sentencing laws, promotion of alternatives to incarceration, and other political trends.
For the purposes of this study, the prison population is established as an average percentage of the State=s resident population based on 10 years of recorded census data. Between 1990 and 2000, this percentage has doubled from 0.21% to 0.40%. Since 1998, it has remained relatively stable at approximately 0.40%. This study sets a conservative rate of 0.41% for projections. The prison population rate is then applied to State resident population projections to derive a head count for the future State prison population to the year 2030.
The State population is used as the base for two reasons: 1) the availability of ten years of recorded State level prison data provides greater confidence in determining future rates; and 2) administratively, the prison population is a statewide concern and its distribution is not solely determined by geography, but also by the organization of the prison system. The use of Statewide data thus provides a more accurate picture of prison facility needs and inmate distribution practices. Resident population is used instead of defacto population because prison inmates are considered to be residents of the State. It is also assumed that nearly all of Hawai‘i=s prison inmates are from the islands.
To project Maui=s future prison population, the study uses recent MCCC population figures provided by the MCCC administration, and converts them to an average percentage of the State=s total prison population. Since 2000, the MCCC population has fluctuated between a high of approximately 450 inmates to a low in the low-300's. Currently, the population ranges from 375 to 400 on any given day (MCCC Administration, personal communication September 2006). This study sets the MCCC=s current population at 400, or approximately 7.9% of the State prison population. To provide a reasonable margin for error, a rate of 8% is used by this study for inmate population projections. This rate is then factored against State prison population projections to derive Maui=s future inmate population.
Inmate population data was obtained from three sources: MCCC Administration (personal communication April 1, 2002); Department of Public Safety (Response to Act 259, Section 65 and Section 66, Session Laws of Hawai‘i 2001); and the State Data Book (DBEDT 2005).
14.2.2 Existing Facility Capacity
An assessment of the MCCC=s existing facilities was undertaken by the State of Hawai‘i Corrections Population Management Commission (CPMC), under the administration of the Department of Public Safety, and presented in the Commission=s 2001 annual report. The CPMC was established through Act 343, Session Laws of Hawai‘i, to formulate policies and procedures to prevent Hawai‘i=s inmate population from exceeding the capacity of each correctional facility. As part of it=s mandate, the CPMC prepared a facility capacity analysis for each of the State=s eight corrections facilities.
14-2 Table 14-1 Steps in Estimating Future Demand for Prison Facilities
# Step Analysis Data Source
Obtain data on Maui County=s existing Given. State Department of Public Safety; prison facilities, including location, Maui Community Correctional Center 1 historical and current inmate population, bed space, and security categories.
Obtain historical data and 2000 to 2030 Given. State of Hawai‘i Data Book 2005, State projections for populations that Department of Business, Economic 2 generate demand for prison space. Development, and Tourism (DBED&T) .
Obtain historical and current data on Given. State Department of Public Safety; and State prison populations. DBED&T 3
Establish State prison population as an Average of State prison population Derived. average percentage of the State divided by State resident population 4 population. based on 10 years of recorded census data.
Project future State prison population to Multiply the average prison population Derived. year 2030. percentage against the projected State 5 population for years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 & 2030.
Establish Maui=s prison population as a Average of Maui=s prison population Derived. percentage of the State prison divided by the State prison population 6 population. based on 2000 to 2002 data.
Project Maui=s future prison population Multiply Maui=s percentage of the state Derived. to year 2030. prison population against State prison 7 population projections.
Assess Maui=s prison capacity. Given. Assessment conducted by the 2001 Annual Report, CPMC; Standards State of Hawai‘i Corrections Population for Adult Correctional Institutions and 8 Management Commission (CPMC, Standards for Adult Local Detention 2001) based in part on American Facilities, ACA. Correctional Association (ACA) inmate living space standards.
Determine surplus/deficit prison space Subtract current prison population from Derived. based on the current and projected assessed prison capacity. A negative 9 prison population. number indicates deficit space.
Determine future prison facility needs. Apply ACA living space standards to Derived from: Standards for Adult the current and projected excess prison Correctional Institutions and Standards 10 population to determine additional for Adult Local Detention Facilities, square footage requirements. ACA.
14-3
Fundamental limitations on facility use are imposed by the provision of potable water, functional heating and cooling systems, power, and wastewater systems. For this reason, the CPMC analysis uses existing infrastructure as its baseline for determining capacity. Additionally, spatial requirements are assessed according to the American Correctional Association=s (ACA) Standards for Adult Correctional Institutions and Standards for Adult Local Detention Facilities. The ACA standards set minimum spatial and program requirements for inmate living space. Together, infrastructure limitations and ACA standards determine the maximum inmate population limit for the correctional facility. Standards for inmate living space are shown in Table 14-2. Table 14-2 ACA Living Space Standards for Medium and Maximum Security Inmates Type of Space ACA Standard (square feet) Maximum Security
Unencumbered Living Space 351
Living Space Amenities 32.52
Day Room Space 353
Minimum/Medium Security
Unencumbered Living Space 25
Living Space Amenities 38.54
Day Room Space 353 Source: Corrections Population Management Commission Annual Report, December 2001; and, American Correctional Association, Standards for Adult Correctional Institutions Notes: 1 Maximum security inmates are housed in single-cells, and thus require additional unencumbered living space. 2 Living space amenities include bunks, desk, chairs, sink, toilet, and portion of shared shower facility. 3 ACA day room space standards based on unencumbered space. Total space includes chairs, tables, and other amenities. The maximum security day room is typically used by one inmate at a time. 4 Spatial requirement for medium security living space amenities is calculated for two inmates.
14.2.3 Future Facility Needs
Prison facility needs are determined by adding the existing excess inmate population, as assessed by the CPMC report, and the projected year 2030 population increase. The total represents the amount of additional prison housing required to meet existing and future correctional facility needs in Maui County.
Spatial requirements are determined in part by applying ACA spatial standards (see Table 14-2) to the current excess and projected prison population. These standards provide square footage estimates for housing requirements only and do not include additional program space for prison services, operations, and staff functions. Program space requirements vary according to inmate population characteristics, types of services provided, security operations, and other factors.
For illustrative purposes, correctional facility design examples suggest that inmate housing comprises on average between 20% and 40% of a prison facility=s total built space (Chiara &
14-4 Callender 1980). However, these figures are highly susceptible to local operation and design considerations.
14.3 INMATE POPULATION PROJECTION The inmate population projection prepared for this study relies on the following assumptions: 1. State prison population as percentage of State resident population = 0.41%. 2. Maui County prison population as percentage of State prison population = 9%. 3. Prison population percentages are held constant for the study period to 2030. Given these assumptions, the formula for projecting Maui County=s inmate population in projected study years is as follows: = (State Population in Year n) x (State Prison Pop.% of State Pop.) x (County Prison Population% of State Prison Pop.) = (State Population in Year n) x (0.0041) x (0.09) Maui County=s inmate population projection for years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030 is presented in Table 14-3. As shown in the table, by the year 2030, the State prison population is projected to increase by 6685 inmates, of which approximately 535 are expected to be incarcerated in Maui County if current statewide inmate distribution patterns hold. This equates to an approximately 33.7% increase in Maui=s prison population between 2005 and 2030, with an accompanying increase in demand for prison space in the County.
It should be noted that because Maui County=s share of the total State prison population is based on the current MCCC population, the County=s projected inmate population does not include Maui=s share of State inmates housed on the mainland. At present, approximately 1,400 inmates from the State of Hawai‘i are incarcerated at facilities in Arizona, Mississippi, and Oklahoma (DPS June 2004). Most of these inmates were transferred from the Halawa Correctional Facility and the Women=s Correctional Facility on O‘ahu. Both of these facilities house inmates from throughout the State who require special security or health facilities that are unavailable or are overtaxed at Community Correctional Centers.
Information about Maui=s share of inmates currently incarcerated on the mainland is unavailable. However, a rough estimate is possible by applying Maui County=s share of the in- State inmate population to the 1,400 inmates incarcerated on the mainland. At present, the MCCC=s 375 inmates comprise approximately 7.7% of Hawai‘i=s in-State prison population of 4,869. Assuming that the same proportion of mainland-housed inmates are originally from Maui, then County prison facilities are relieved of the burden of housing 374 additional inmates.
For the purposes of this study, the existing population of mainland-housed inmates is not factored into the facility capacity assessment. This study limits the County=s responsibility within the State prison system to the incarceration of men and women being tried or under sentence by the Second Circuit Court who do not have special security or health needs.
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Table 14-3 Maui Community Correctional Center Inmate Population Projection, Years 2000 to 2030 State Prison System Maui CCC State Resident State Prison As% of State MCCC As % of State Prison Population(1) Population Population Population(2) Population (4) 1990 1,112,703 2,382 0.21% - - 1991 1,131,412 2,430 0.21% - - 1992 1,149,926 2,600 0.23% - - 1993 1,161,508 2,824 0.24% - - 1994 1,173,903 2,881 0.25% - - 1995 1,180,490 3,039 0.26% - - 1996 1,184,434 3,347 0.28% - - 1997 1,189,322 4,050 0.34% - - 1998 1,190,472 4,757 0.40% - - 1999 1,185,497 5,011 0.42% - - 2000 1,211,537 4,869 0.40% 425 8.73% 2005 1,277,950 5,068 0.41%3 400 7.89% 2010 1,346,600 5,293 0.41% 423 8.00% 2015 1,418,650 5,531 0.41% 442 8.00% 2020 1,489,550 5,766 0.41% 461 8.00% 2025 1,560,400 6,398 0.41% 512 8.00% 2030 1,630,450 6,685 0.41% 535 8.00% Source: 1 State of Hawai‘i, Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism. 2 Current prison population provided by the MCCC Administration. Notes: 3 Percentage based on recorded data. 4 Percentage based on current prison population figures provided by the MCCC Administration
14.4 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING PRISON FACILITIES The Maui Community Correctional Center (MCCC) is the jail for the Second Circuit Court. It is the only penal facility in Maui County, and as such, it serves all the incarceration needs for the islands of Maui, Moloka‘i, and Lana‘i. The MCCC serves as the jail for men and women awaiting trial for any crimes committed in Maui County, and as the repository for men and women sentenced to prison terms for misdemeanors and felonies ranging from shoplifting to murder. The MCCC further serves the community by providing drug treatment programs for local parolees and reintegration programming to inmates who will be released on Maui. Table 14-4 summarizes Maui=s existing prison facilities.
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Table 14-4 Existing Prison Facilities, Maui County CPMC Original Design Assessed Current Inmate Facility TMK Acres Population Capacity Population
Maui Community 2-3-8-46: 05 2.06 260 301 375 Correctional Center 2-3-8: 06 5.17
Source: Maui Community Corrections Center Administration, September 2006
The MCCC facility is located in Wailuku on a 7-acre parcel owned by the County. The location of the MCCC facility is shown in Figure 14-1. The MCCC is surrounded by development that precludes expansion of the existing site. The facility consists of eight dormitories constructed of wood and six secure cell modules constructed of concrete. The facility has undergone five building expansions since coming under State administration in 1973.
According to the CPMC report, overall infrastructure capacity of the MCCC is designed to support 260 beds. However, through an increased maintenance and equipment replacement schedule, the operational infrastructure capacity is 301 resident inmates. This number is based on the upper limit of the wastewater system. However, the MCCC has operated beyond the design capacity of the infrastructure systems for an extended period of time by relying on routine preventative maintenance and careful monitoring to avoid operational failures.
Housing capacity was assessed according to ACA standards which establish minimum square footage (s.f.) criteria for inmate living space. Based on a minimum of 35 s.f. unencumbered space for single-cell, maximum security inmates, and 25 s.f. unencumbered space per inmate for shared-cell minimum and medium security inmates, the MCCC has a total cell capacity of 117 inmates, and a dormitory capacity of 184 inmates for a total housing capacity of 301 resident inmates. The CPMC infrastructure and housing capacity assessment is summarized in Table 14-5.
For many years, the MCCC inmate population has exceeded both the infrastructure design capacity and the American Correctional Association standard housing capacity. Population numbers provided by the MCCC Administration notes that the prison population fluctuates daily, currently between 380 and 400 inmates. The census for September 2006 is 318 men and 57 women, for a total of 375. This number does not include inmates held temporarily for other jurisdictions or for Immigration and Naturalization Service violations. The MCCC=s routine operating population thus exceeds the facility=s upper design capacity by 79 to 99 inmates on any given day, with “spikes” over the weekends.
The excess inmate population at MCCC is currently accommodated within existing dormitory
14-7 and cell module facilities without regard to ACA living space standards. The majority of the demand is met by adding bunks to the dormitory buildings. Double-bunking some single cell modules are also necessary to meet demand.
Table 14-5 Maui Community Correctional Center Infrastructure and Housing Capacity Facility No. of Inmates Infrastructure Potable Water 328 Fire Suppression 328 Power, Signal, and Lighting 328 Wastewater 310 Heating, Cooling, Hot Water 328 Total Infrastructure Capacity 310 Housing Cell Modules - Men 102 Cell Modules - Women 15 Dormitories - Men 144 Dormitories - Women 40 Total Housing Capacity 301 September 2006 Inmate Population Men 318 Women 57 Total Inmate Population 375 Source: Facility Capacity - Corrections Population Management Commission,2001 Annual Report (December 2001); September 2006 Inmate Population - MCCC Administration.
Table 14-6 shows an estimate of additional living space required to meet the demands of Maui=s existing excess prison population. In order to meet ACA living space standards for MCCC=s current excess population of 74 (375-301) inmates, approximately 4,713 s.f. of additional living space, and 2,590 s.f. of day room space is required. These figures include unencumbered living space, amenity space, and shared day room space. Amenity space includes cell furnishings (bunk, desk, chair, sink, toilet), and shared shower facilities (based on 1 shower per eight inmates). This estimate does not include staff and administrative space, or space for food service, health care, security operations, or training and work programs.
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14-10 Table 14-6 Estimate of Current Living Space and Day Room Needs Space Total Population1 ACA Standard (s.f.) Requirement (s.f.) (s.f.) Maximum Security 3 307.6 Unencumbered Living Space 3 35 105 Living Space Amenities 3 32.53 97.59 Day Room Space 3 35 105 Min/Medium Security 71 699.0 Unencumbered Living Space 71 25 1,775 Living Space Amenities 71 38.53 2,736 Day Room Space 71 35 2,485 Source: Corrections Population Management Commission Annual Report, December 2001; and, American Correctional Association, Standards for Adult Correctional Institutions Notes: 1 Excess inmate population of 130 broken into maximum and medium security populations based on current percentage of dedicated maximum security space at MCCC. 2 Maximum security inmates are housed in single-cells, and thus require additional unencumbered living space. 3 Living space amenities include bunks, desk, chairs, sink, toilet, and portion of shared shower facility. 4 Spatial requirements for medium security living space amenities based on double occupancy. 5 Day Room space used by no more than 50 inmates at one time. 6 ACA Day Room space standards based on unencumbered space. Total space includes chairs, tables, and other amenities. Maximum Security Day Room typically used by one inmate at a time.
According to the MCCC administration, the existing 7-acre prison site has no additional room for building expansion. Surrounding land uses also prohibit expansion into adjacent parcels. Surrounding uses include: 1. South Boundary - Catholic Charities, Homeless Shelter 2. North Boundary - Garden of Meditation Cemetery 3. East Boundary - Irrigation Ditch and Reservoir 4. West Boundary - ANanea at Kehalani@ Residential Subdivision Development of a new prison site is therefore required to house the existing excess prison population in compliance with the ACA standards adopted by the CPMC.
14.5 FUTURE PRISON FACILITY NEEDS As previously noted, development of a new prison site is required to accommodate Maui=s current excess and future projected inmate population. Based on the ACA standards, future prison facilities on Maui will have to house the current excess prison population of 74+ inmates and the additional projected year 2030 increase of approximately 135 inmates (535-400) (See Table 14-3). Site and infrastructure development should therefore be based on a design capacity of at least 535 housed inmates. New prison facility living space requirements are presented in Table 14-7.
Based on ACA standards, the total living space requirement for 535 inmates is approximately 27,479 s.f. for housing and day room use.
14-11 In addition to inmate living space, future prison facilities will require space for food and medical services, recreation, outdoor activities, work activities, education and training programs, social services, security operations, and administration and support staff office space (security, maintenance, service). In addition to inmate population, land area requirements for these facilities vary considerably depending on numerous factors, including the types of planned inmate services, the security profile of the inmate population, type of housing (dormitory or cell), architectural design, and site security considerations. Given these variables and the importance of local context to facility design, the most accurate estimate of future correctional facility land use requirements may be achieved through replication of the existing MCCC. Table 14-7 Estimate of Future Living Space and Day Room Needs ACA Standard Requirement Space Total Population1 (s.f.) (s.f.) (s.f.)
Year 2030 Inmate Housing Needs 535 (1) 2,157
Maximum Security 21 (2)
Unencumbered Living Space 21 35.2 739.2
Living Space Amenities (3) 21 32.53 683.13
Day Room Space (5) 21 35 735 Min/Medium Security 514 25,322
Unencumbered Living Space (4) 257 25 6,425
Living Space Amenities (3) 257 38.53 9,902.21
Day Room Space (6) 257 35 8,9952 TOTAL (S.F.) 27,479
Source: Corrections Population Management Commission Annual Report, December 2001; and, American Correctional Association, Standards for Adult Correctional Institutions Notes: 1 Population of 535 broken into maximum and medium security populations based on current percentage of dedicated maximum security space at MCCC. 2 Maximum security inmates are housed in single-cells, and thus require additional unencumbered living space. 3 Living space amenities include bunks, desk, chairs, sink, toilet, and portion of shared shower facility. 4 Spatial requirements for medium security living space amenities based on double occupancy. 5 Day Room space used by no more than 50 inmates at one time. 6 ACA Day Room space standards based on unencumbered space. Total space includes chairs, tables, and other amenities. Maximum Security Day Room typically used by one inmate at a time.
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