Renewable Potential in Gobi Desert, Gobitec and Asian Super Grid Initiative

The 4th Northeast Asia Energy Security Forum 2016 Seoul, December 15 2016

Renewable potential in Gobi desert, Gobitec and Asian Super Grid Initiative

Yeren-Ulzii Batmunkh, Senior Officer, Ministry of Energy, Mongolia Contents

 Renewable Potential in Gobi Desert  Wind, Solar  Gobitec Initiative  Idea, Concept  Towards Asian Super Grid  Rationale, What is next  Concluding  Lessons to be learned, recommendations

www.energy.gov.mn

www.energy.gov.mn www.energy.gov.mn Solar – Solar: 270-300 sunny days in a year, 4.3-4.7 kWh/meter or higher per day

Estimated kWh/ m2/day Applicable land (km2) Total Power: GWh/year 3.4 5,269.5 654,000 3.8 3,924.7 544,000 4.1 4,210.6 630,000 4.5 4,514.8 742,000 5.4 5,541.9 1,092,000 Total 23,461.5 4,774,000 www.energy.gov.mn •Source: US National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Center of Mongolia Renewable Potential in Gobi Desert

National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the US Department of Energy estimates the overall potential for installed renewable energy by 2,600 TWh, only for the Mongolian part of the Gobi desert. This divides into 1,100 TWh wind energy potential and 1,500 TWh solar power potential per year.

Therefore after an estimation, 3% of the Gobi area would be enough, which includes around 1,3 Mio. km² to produce more than 21.400 TWh of energy in one year. Calculations existed, that this energy production per year would have been enough to serve the energy demand of the whole world in the year 2008. www.energy.gov.mn

The DESERTEC Concept (for EU-MENA) www.energy.gov.mn The SEATEC Concept (for Northern Europe) European offshore super grid: Transmitting electricity through HVDC interconnectors within Northern Europe Source: European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) 2009 / 2010 www.energy.gov.mn GOBITEC and Asian Super Grid INITIATIVE (NORTHEAST ASIA)

•9 www.energy.gov.mn•9 •Resource: “GOBITEC AND ASIAN SUPER GRID FOR RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN NORTHEAST ASIA” Report 2014 •Ази, номхон далайн бүсийн орнуудын хүрээндCOAL эрчим хүчнийOIL нэгдсэнNATURAL систем GAS байгуулахELECTRICITY санаачлагууд Energy Demand Outlook in NEA RUSSIA 506 406 310 257 126 159 Currently, NEAsian region 69 103 use 1/5 and countries use 1/4 of world energy supply 2015 2030

9 3 3 1 0 1 0 2

2015 MONGOLIA2035 2240

66 45 CHINA 1708 2010 DPRKOREA

787 754 67 94 76 93 43 49 185 500 552 40 39 152 129 129 400 111 101 86 92 164 2015 KOREA 2035 •10 2015 2035 2015 JAPAN 2035

•Unit: Mtoe www.energy.gov.mn •Source: ADB 2013 Road to Very Large Scale PV

 MW-scale PV system : already ‘proven’  100MW PV system : now realizing!  GW-scale PV plant : within a decade!

GW-scale to ‘TW electricity’

Src: 'Potential of Very Large Scale PV Systems', Workshop on Super Grid in North-East Asia, Busan, Korea, 28 March 2013 www.energy.gov.mn HVDC projects in Worldwide

HVDC technology is not new, there has been realized many projects Hällsjön FennoSkan 1&2 Hagfors Nelson River 2 Highgate Estlink Troll CU-project Châteauguay Skagerrak 1-3 Gotland 1-3 Vancouver Island Outaouais Valhall Gotland Light Pole 1 Quebec- NorNed SwePol New England Konti-Skan Baltic Cable Tjæ reborg Kontek BorWin1 Hülünbeir- Liaoning EWIP English Channel Lingbao II Extension Dürnrohr Three Gorges-Changzhou Sardinia-Italy Three Gorges-Shanghai Italy-Greece Rapid City Sapei Sakuma Square Butte Cross Sound Gezhouba-Shanghai Pacific Intertie Eagle Pass Xiangjiaba-Shanghai Pacific Intertie Sharyland Upgrading ChaPad Three Gorges-Guandong Leyte-Luzon Vizag II Pacific Intertie Rio Madeira Broken Hill Rihand-Delhi Expansion Itaipu Intermountain Inga-Shaba Vindhyachal Caprivi Link IPP Upgrade New Zealand 1&2 Apollo Upgrade Blackwater Cahora Bassa Brazil-Argentina Directlink Interconnection I&II www.energy.gov.mn Source: Navigant Research, 2014 Murraylink HVDC projects in China

Humeng – Shandong (The year means project in operation) 800kV, 6400 MW, 2015 Humeng - Tianjing BtB China-Russia (HeiHe) Irkutsk (Russia) - Beijing 800kV, 6400 MW, 2016 750 MW, 2008 NEPG 800kV, 6400 MW, 2015 FarEast (Russia) – NE China Ningxia - Tianjing Russia Heilongjiang 3000 MW, 2010 3000 MW, 2010 NW-Sichuan Humeng - Liaoning Jilin Hami – C. China (Baoji – Deyang) 800kV, 6400 MW, 2018 800kV, 6400 MW, 2018 3000 MW, 2011 Hulunbeir (Inner Mongolia) Xianjiaba – Shanghai Xinjiang Liaoning - Shenyang Inner Mongolia 800kV, 6400 MW, 2011 Beijing 3000 MW, 2010 Gansu NCPG Tianjin BtB Northeast-North (Gaoling) Xiluodu - Hanzhou Hebei

800kV, 6400 MW, 2015 Shanxi 1500 MW, 2008 NWPG Ningxia Shandong Xiluodu - Hunan North Shaanxi-Shandong Qinghai 800kV, 6400 MW, 2014 Shaanxi Jiangsu 3000 MW, 2011 Anhui Henan BtB Shandong - East Jinsha River II – East China CCPG ECPG Shanghai Sichuan & Hubei 1200 MW, 2011 800kV, 6400 MW, 2016 Xizang Chongqing BtB North - Central Jingping – East China Zhejiang 1000 MW, 2012 800kV, 6400 MW, 2012 Jiangxi Hunan Fujian Gezhouba-Shanghai Expansion Jinsha River II – East China 3000 MW, 2011 Guizhou Taiwan 800kV, 6400 MW, 2019 SCPG Guangxi Lingbao BtB Expansion Yunnan Jinsha River II - Fujian Guangdong 750 MW, 2009 800kV, 6400 MW, 2018 Goupitan - Guangdong 3000 MW, 2016 Nuozhadu-Guangdong Yunnan - Guangdong Jinghong-ThailandHainan 800kV, 5000-6000 MW, 2015 3000MW, 2013 800kV, 5000 MW, 2009 Bangkok •China has accumulated huge experience for constructing the long distance HVDC lines www.energy.gov.mn Source: Navigant Research, 2014 GOBITEC INITIATIVE AND (NORTHEAST) ASIAN SUPERGRIG

The main goal of the Gobitec initiative and (Northeast) Asian Supergrid is:

- To build sustainable energy infrastructure based on renewable energy sources, wherein electricity produced from the vast potential of renewable energy in Gobi desert and Siberia would be transmitted through HVDC Supergrid to all countries of the Northeast Asia.

www.energy.gov.mn GOBITEC INITIATIVE AND (NORTHEAST) ASIAN SUPERGRIG

First study published in 2014; partners: • ECS (Brussels) • KEEI (Korea) • ESI (Russia) • MoE (Mongolia) • JREF (Japan) • Fraunhofer ISI • Fraunhofer ISE

www.energy.gov.mn  GOBITEC/ASG system is composed of 4 parts …. ① Solar/Wind Farms for NRE Generation ② Collecting system for Generation Sites ③ Cross-border transmission system (ASG) ④ Connecting system to Each Countries

Conceptual Configurations on GOBITEC+ASG www.energy.gov.mn Second stage of the study

ADB approved Technical Assistance to Mongolia:

 TA name: Strategy for Northeast Asia Power System Interconnection  TA purpose: Prepare action plan and road map for power interconnection in the Northeast Asia  TA amount: $1.75 million funded by (i) Climate Change Fund, (ii) The PRC Regional Cooperation, and Poverty Reduction Fund, and (iii)ROK e-Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund  Implemented period: 2016 to 2018 (25 months)

www.energy.gov.mn Second stage of the study TA activities Assess power systems and markets in NE Asia - conduct analytical studies including political, economic, technical, institutional and legal aspects Conduct wind and solar resource assessment of Mongolia and develop renewable energy capacity expansion plan for power export Identify projects and develop investment plan Initiate regional knowledge and investment platform that promotes regional power interconnection participated by nongovernment organizations, research institutes, and the private sector Raise awareness and build consensus through workshops and conferences in Mongolia, PRC, ROK, and Japan.

www.energy.gov.mn To move forward

- NEA countries are strongly pushing forward the large scale utilization of RE power sources and has accumulated sufficient experiences for constructing the long distance HVDC lines, particularly China, which are very important basic for development of supergrids at regional level in

Northeast Asia  There are has been accumulated a huge analytical studies & researches for development and construction of long distance transnational HVDC Supergrids in Asia, which concludes that ASG is one of the feasible option for energy integration and technology is proven and available  An important issue is that there is an increasing understanding about the need to intensify high level policy dialogue among government of Northeast Asian countries on energy connectivity and it’s economic and financial benefits www.energy.gov.mn Thank you for your attention

Main Information Sources: • Gobitec and Asian Super Grid for Renewable Energies in Northeast Asia, 2014 • www.gobitec.org