DOCSLIB.ORG

Ramsey 1987 Chapter 9.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ramsey 1987 Chapter 9.Pdf 9 THE CHINESE AND THEIR NEIGHBORS "The people of China are all one nationality." -Sun Yat-sen (1924) "Our country is a land of many nationalities." -PRC publication, dated 1981 The borders that China claims today derive from events that took place two hundred years ago. Between 1755 and 1792, imperial armies waged a series of successful wars and campaigns against native groups on almost all of the Empire's frontiers. The results were dramatic. By the end of the Qianlong period in 1795, the Qing imperial govern­ ment controlled Chinese Turkestan, Mongolia, Tibet, and all of South China from Yunnan to Taiwan. Never before had any Chinese domain been so large. It was a high-water mark that established permanently, as far as the Chinese are concerned, the traditional boundaries of their country. CHINA still has the ethnic and territorial composition of the Empire. The People's Republic controls virtually all of the possessions of the Qing dynasty, and these territories extend far beyond lands occupied by Han Chinese. In the frontier regions inherited from the Empire can be found a wide variety of ethnic and linguistic groups who have not been as­ similated into the Chinese nation. Outside of China's heartland and yet within her international boundaries live Tibetans, Mongols, Kazakhs, Uighurs, Tais, Koreans, Manchus, and many other groups and races who are different from each other and from the Han. In a world neatly divided into nations and states, these people are Chinese-and yet they are not Chinese. They live in China and are citizens of the People's Republic, but they are not the heirs of Chinese civilization, literature, history, or tradition. In the modern Chinese state, the non-Han people left over from the Qing Empire have become the national minorities. The government of the People's Republic presently recognizes fifty-six distinct ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups among its citizenry, and only one of these is the Han, that group of people traditionally known as the "Chinese." The other fifty-five are minorities. Of course, the Han are overwhelmingly greater in number than all of the minorities combined. 158 MINORITY LANGUAGES OF CHINA Theirs is also the national language, history, and culture of China. But the sixty-seven million non-Han citizens of China are far from a negligi­ ble constituency, even in a country of over a billion people. The Chinese government puts each of its fifty-six different nationalities on a theoreti­ cally equal footing and considers its minorities to be just as much Zhong­ gu6ren, or "People of the Middle Country," as the Han are. This means that the word "Chinese" has now been redefined along the lines of citizenship, and its use as an ethnic term is actively discouraged. The ethnic majority is officially referred to as the "Han." Instead of Chinese culture-which is now supposed to be used only in connection with the customs and trappings of the modern Chinese Com­ munist state-there is "Han culture." Instead of the Chinese language, there is the "Han language" (Hc:'myu), a word that had always been used in the same meaning but with a slightly literary flavor. And so on. But how far these new definitions have penetrated into actual usage can be questioned; even in official sources inconsistencies can be found, and in dealing with foreigners, of course, the word ,"Chinese" must almost always be used in its older, more familiar meaning. But the efforts of the government to apply the name "Chinese" to all its citizens show the importance it places upon the minorities. The minorities also enjoy theoretical autonomy. The areas in which they live have been designated by the government to be autonomous regions, counties, and districts, thus making China, at least on paper, a multinational, federal state on the pattern of the Soviet Union. There are good reasons for the attention the minorities receive. The territories that they occupy comprise over half of the country's total land area. These territories also form the strategically important frontier re­ gions that lie along the borders that China shares with the Soviet Union, India, and Vietnam. For the most part, the lands are thinly settled, some­ times only by nomads, and so offer hope for relief from population pres­ sures in China's heartland. The minority areas also contain most of China's mineral and forest resources, as well as over 80 percent of the herds of livestock from which the country derives its meat and wool. Properly exploited, these lands could considerably enrich the material well-being of all of China's citizens, Han and non-Han alike. But the minorities are important not only for the lands that they occupy. Their condition is essential for the image that the People's Re­ public wishes to project to the world. Minorities happily and enthusiasti­ cally integrated into the life and functioning of the Chinese state are the best kind of advertisement for a successful and benevolent government. THE CHINESE AND THEIR NEIGHBORS 159 But discontent, or worse, open rebellion-such as the Tibetan revolt of 1959-can be an embarrassment of serious proportions. When an esti­ mated seventy thousand Uighurs, simultaneously pressured by the gov­ ernment to institute social reforms and attracted by a higher standard of living, fled across the lightly guarded Xinjiang border in the early 1960s to join their brethren living in the Soviet Union, the result was a major propaganda victory for the Soviets at Chinese expense. On the other hand, there was great rejoicing in Peking in 1974 when members of a minority militia participated in the capture of a Soviet helicopter; the event was highly publicized, and the Chinese press made much of the alleged determination of those people to defend their homeland against aggression. The minorities have political power, both real and potential, that must be constantly reckoned with in China today. The authorities have therefore been cautious in how they implement policy. Special concessions are granted to minorities; rules that apply to the Han majority are often suspended. Until quite recently, for example, minorities were exempt from the draconian laws on birth control, and even today local cadres in places like Xinjiang are probably wary of pushing strict adherence to the rules for fear of precipitating political unrest. Divorce laws, especially in the case of Muslims, and sumptuary laws regulating funerals do not affect most minorities. Minorities also enjoy certain rights and privileges not granted to Han Chinese. They often have preferential treatment, for example, in the case of university and professional school admissions along guidelines not completely un­ like those of the affirmative action policies implemented in American edu­ cational institutions, and analogies could be drawn on several levels. Such policies seem justifiable and perhaps laudable in certain cases, because non-Han people do not usually speak the standard language natively, and, since they often live in very underdeveloped areas, the primary and secondary educational facilities available to them may sometimes be far inferior to those in Han areas. But some minority privileges, such as the higher stipends granted to non-Han students, are difficult to explain in these terms. Minorities are officially encouraged to preserve their own languages and cultures, and a great number of pronouncements have been released reaffirming their rights to do so. The 1954 Constitution has several arti­ cles to this effect. In designated minority areas, the government recog­ nizes local languages as official media of communication, and they are used by the state in its dealings with the populace in those areas. Even Han Chinese working there are required to learn the local language 160 MINORITY LANGUAGES OF CHINA (though it is unclear what level of fluency is deemed sufficient or how strictly the requirement is observed-some say it is often ignored). The medium of education in elementary school is the minority language for the first three years, and it is taught as a subject through middle school. In minority areas, such things as newspapers, books, and magazines are often published in the local languages, and in Peking the Nationalities Publishing House (Minzu Chiibanshe) regularly issues books in the five major minority languages: Tibetan, Mongolian, Uighur, Zhuang, and Korean. Similarly, local radio stations broadcast in minority languages as well as in Chinese, and the Central Broadcasting System in Peking puts together programming in the major minority languages. Language usages also reflect politics. We have already mentioned that the word "Chinese" is used in a way that implies equality among the various groups. The standard language is no longer called the "National Language" (Guoyu), as it was in Republican days (and still is on Tai­ wan), but rather the "Common Language" (Putonghua). The Chinese names of some groups have been changed fron:.t words with pejorative connotations to more positive, or at least neutral, terms. The old name "Lolo," which referred to a large Tibeto-Burman group in South China, was once used condescendingly by the Chinese and has therefore since been replaced by the name "Yi" in Communist usage. The Jingpo, another Tibeto-Burman people, are no longer-at least in public­ known as the "Wild Men" (Yeren). The word 'Fan' was formerly used by the Chinese almost innocently in the sense of 'aborigines' to refer to ethnic groups in South China, and Mao Zedong himself once used it in 1938 in a speech advocating equal rights for the various minority peo­ ples. But that term has now been so systematically purged from the lan­ guage that it is not to be found (at least in that meaning) even in large dictionaries, and all references to Mao's 1938 speech have excised the offending word and replaced it with a more elaborate locution, "Yao, Yi, and Yu." "Tribe" (bitluo), a somewhat demeaning word frequently used by Chiang Kai-shek, has disappeared from general use.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chinese Language Learning in the Early Grades
    Chinese Language Learning in the Early Grades: A Handbook of Resources and Best Practices for Mandarin Immersion Asia Society is the leading global and pan-Asian organization working to strengthen relationships and promote understanding among the peoples, leaders, and institutions of Asia and the United States. We seek to increase knowledge and enhance dialogue, encourage creative expression, and generate new ideas across the fields of policy, business, education, arts, and culture. The Asia Society Partnership for Global Learning develops youth to be globally competent citizens, workers, and leaders by equipping them with the knowledge and skills needed for success in an increasingly interconnected world. AsiaSociety.org/Chinese © Copyright 2012 by the Asia Society. ISBN 978-1-936123-28-5 Table of Contents 3 Preface PROGRAM PROFILE: By Vivien Stewart 34 The Utah Dual Language Immersion Program 5 Introduction 36 Curriculum and Literacy By Myriam Met By Myriam Met 7 Editors’ Note and List of Contributors PROGRAM PROFILE: 40 Washington Yu Ying Public Charter School 9 What the Research Says About Immersion By Tara Williams Fortune 42 Student Assessment and Program Evaluation By Ann Tollefson, with Michael Bacon, Kyle Ennis, PROGRAM PROFILE: Carl Falsgraf, and Nancy Rhodes 14 Minnesota’s Chinese Immersion Model PROGRAM PROFILE: 16 Basics of Program Design 46 Global Village Charter Collaborative, By Myriam Met and Chris Livaccari Colorado PROGRAM PROFILE: 48 Marketing and Advocacy 22 Portland, Oregon Public Schools By Christina Burton Howe
    [Show full text]
  • THE PHONOLOGY of PROTO-TAI a Dissertation Presented to The
    THE PHONOLOGY OF PROTO-TAI A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Pittayawat Pittayaporn August 2009 © 2009 Pittayawat Pittayaporn THE PHONOLOGY OF PROTO-TAI Pittayawat Pittayaporn, Ph. D. Cornell University 2009 Proto-Tai is the ancestor of the Tai languages of Mainland Southeast Asia. Modern Tai languages share many structural similarities and phonological innovations, but reconstructing the phonology requires a thorough understanding of the convergent trends of the Southeast Asian linguistic area, as well as a theoretical foundation in order to distinguish inherited traits from universal tendencies, chance, diffusion, or parallel development. This dissertation presents a new reconstruction of Proto-Tai phonology, based on a systematic application of the Comparative Method and an appreciation of the force of contact. It also incorporates a large amount of dialect data that have become available only recently. In contrast to the generally accepted assumption that Proto-Tai was monosyllabic, this thesis claims that Proto-Tai was a sesquisyllabic language that allowed both sesquisyllabic and monosyllabic prosodic words. In the proposed reconstruction, it is argued that Proto-Tai had three contrastive phonation types and six places of articulation. It had plain voiceless, implosive, and voiced stops, but lacked the aspirated stop series (central to previous reconstructions). As for place of articulation, Proto-Tai had a distinctive uvular series, in addition to the labial, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal series typically reconstructed. In the onset, these consonants can combine to form tautosyllabic clusters or sequisyllabic structures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis: Most Credible Theory of Human Evolution Free Download
    THE AQUATIC APE HYPOTHESIS: MOST CREDIBLE THEORY OF HUMAN EVOLUTION FREE DOWNLOAD Elaine Morgan | 208 pages | 01 Oct 2009 | Souvenir Press Ltd | 9780285635180 | English | London, United Kingdom Aquatic ape hypothesis In addition, the evidence cited by AAH The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis: Most Credible Theory of Human Evolution mostly concerned developments in soft tissue anatomy and physiology, whilst paleoanthropologists rarely speculated on evolutionary development of anatomy beyond the musculoskeletal system and brain size as revealed in fossils. His summary at the end was:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Thanks for your comment! List of individual apes non-human Apes in space non-human Almas Bigfoot Bushmeat Chimpanzee—human last common ancestor Gorilla—human last common ancestor Orangutan—human last common ancestor Gibbon —human last common ancestor List of fictional primates non-human Great apes Human evolution Monkey Day Mythic humanoids Sasquatch Yeren Yeti Yowie. Thomas Brenna, PhD". I think that we need to formulate a new overall-theory, a new anthropological paradigm, about the origin of man. This idea has been flourishing since Charles Darwin and I think that many scientists and laymen will have difficulties in accepting the Aquatic Ape Hypothesis — as they believe in our brain rather than in our physical characteristics. Last common ancestors Chimpanzee—human Gorilla—human Orangutan—human Gibbon—human. I can see two possible future scenarios for the Aquatic Ape Theory. University The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis: Most Credible Theory of Human Evolution Chicago Press. Human Origins Retrieved 16 January The AAH is generally ignored by anthropologists, although it has a following outside academia and has received celebrity endorsement, for example from David Attenborough.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article WILDMEN in MYANMAR
    The RELICT HOMINOID INQUIRY 4:53-66 (2015) Research Article WILDMEN IN MYANMAR: A COMPENDIUM OF PUBLISHED ACCOUNTS AND REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE Steven G. Platt1, Thomas R. Rainwater2* 1 Wildlife Conservation Society-Myanmar Program, Office Block C-1, Aye Yeik Mon 1st Street, Hlaing Township, Yangon, Myanmar 2 Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, P.O. Box 596, Georgetown, SC 29442, USA ABSTRACT. In contrast to other countries in Asia, little is known concerning the possible occurrence of undescribed Hominoidea (i.e., wildmen) in Myanmar (Burma). We here present six accounts from Myanmar describing wildmen or their sign published between 1910 and 1972; three of these reports antedate popularization of wildmen (e.g., yeti and sasquatch) in the global media. Most reports emanate from mountainous regions of northern Myanmar (primarily Kachin State) where wildmen appear to inhabit montane forests. Wildman tracks are described as superficially similar to human (Homo sapiens) footprints, and about the same size to almost twice the size of human tracks. Presumptive pressure ridges were described in one set of wildman tracks. Accounts suggest wildmen are bipedal, 120-245 cm in height, and covered in longish pale to orange-red hair with a head-neck ruff. Wildmen are said to utter distinctive vocalizations, emit strong odors, and sometimes behave aggressively towards humans. Published accounts of wildmen in Myanmar are largely based on narratives provided by indigenous informants. We found nothing to indicate informants were attempting to beguile investigators, and consider it unlikely that wildmen might be confused with other large mammals native to the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Vernacular Names for Taro in the Indo-Pacific Region and Their
    VERNACULAR NAMES FOR TARO IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION AND THEIR POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR CENTRES OF DIVERSIFICATION AND SPREAD Paper submitted for the proceedings of the session on taro systems at the 19 th IPPA, Hanoi, December 2009 Revised after referee comments for final submission Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/Ans 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Cambridge, 18 May, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Language phyla of the Indo-Pacific .............................................................................................................. 2 3. The patterns of vernacular names.................................................................................................................. 2 3.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 #traw ʔ /#tales .......................................................................................................................................... 3 3.3 #ma .........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Millet, Wheat, and Society in North China in the Very Long Term By
    Cereals and Societies: Millet, Wheat, and Society in North China in the Very Long Term By Hongzhong He, Joseph Lawson, Martin Bell, and Fuping Hui. Abstract: This paper outlines a very longue durée history of three of North China’s most important cereal crops—broomcorn and foxtail millet, and wheat—to illustrate their place within broader social-environmental formations, to illustrate the various biological and cultural factors that enable the spread of these crops, and the ways in which these crops and the patterns in which they are grown influenced the further development of the societies that grew them. This article aims to demonstrate that a very long-run approach raises new questions and clarifies the significance of particular transitions. It, firstly, charts the transition from broomcorn to foxtail millet cultivation in the late Neolithic; secondly, shows efforts to spread winter wheat often met some degree of resistance from farming communities; thirdly, considers the significance of the different processing requirements of wheat and millet, and their implications for social and economic development; and, fourthly, considers the debate over the spread of multiple-cropping systems to North China. Introduction Scholars have highlighted the importance of crops in comparative studies that seek to explain broad differences in development among various Eurasian societies over long periods of time.1 European crops—oats, barley, wheat, and rye—entailed the proliferation of mills, establishing the monasteries and magnates who owned them, and rudimentary mechanization, at the heart of European society. In contrast, the East Asian rice growing communities invested not in milling-machines, but in skilled labour.
    [Show full text]
  • Chen Hawii 0085A 10047.Pdf
    PROTO-ONG-BE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LINGUISTICS DECEMBER 2018 By Yen-ling Chen Dissertation Committee: Lyle Campbell, Chairperson Weera Ostapirat Rory Turnbull Bradley McDonnell Shana Brown Keywords: Ong-Be, Reconstruction, Lingao, Hainan, Kra-Dai Copyright © 2018 by Yen-ling Chen ii 知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。 “Real knowledge is to know the extent of one’s ignorance.” iii Acknowlegements First of all, I would like to acknowledge Dr. Lyle Campbell, the chair of my dissertation and the historical linguist and typologist in my department for his substantive comments. I am always amazed by his ability to ask mind-stimulating questions, and I thank him for allowing me to be part of the Endangered Languages Catalogue (ELCat) team. I feel thankful to Dr. Shana Brown for bringing historical studies on minorities in China to my attention, and for her support as the university representative on my committee. Special thanks go to Dr. Rory Turnbull for his constructive comments and for encouraging a diversity of point of views in his class, and to Dr. Bradley McDonnell for his helpful suggestions. I sincerely thank Dr. Weera Ostapirat for his time and patience in dealing with me and responding to all my questions, and for pointing me to the directions that I should be looking at. My reconstruction would not be as readable as it is today without his insightful feedback. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Alexis Michaud.
    [Show full text]
  • Sample Pages
    CHAPTER 1 in the Woods The setting sun glowed behind the trees. Rosie stood on the porch. As it got dark, she tried to turn on the light. The bulb was burned out. Then Rosie saw a strange creature. It was 8 feet (2.4 meters) tall. “It turned and looked at me while it was walking,” Rosie said. She ran inside and called her dad. “I think I saw a Bigfoot!” 4 5 Mysterious Animal Thousands of people say they have seen a Bigfoot. They describe the beasts as giant, furry animals that walk on two legs. But many other people say Bigfoot is just a story. Another name for a Bigfoot Washington is 620 “Sasquatch.” 520 California BIGFOOT 420 SIGHTINGS Florida Illinois 320 IN THE Ohio Oregon UNITED Texas Michigan 220 STATES Georgia Colorado (as of August 2015) 120 606 428 306 270 257 242 205 201 126 121 6 A GLOBE OF GIANTS People around the world tell YETI stories of ape-like creatures. KALA BANDAR (HIMALAYAS) (INDIA) YEREN BIGFOOT (CHINA) (UNITED STATES) MARICOXI (BRAZIL) ORANG PENDEK (INDONESIA) YOWIE (AUSTRALIA) 8 9 CHAPTER 2 All about In 1958, a logger in California found strange footprints. They were 16 inches (41 centimeters) long. Word of the footprints spread. One reporter called the footprints’ owner “Bigfoot.” In the 1960s and 1970s, more people found giant footprints. And more people said they saw the creatures. People began to search for Bigfoot. 10 11 HOW BIG IS BIGFOOT? OSTRICH 17 FEET BIGFOOT 9 FEET (2.7 M) 16 FEET GIRAFFE 12 FEET (3.7 M) AFRICAN 15 FEET 17 FEET (5.2 M) ELEPHANT 14 FEET 11 FEET (3.4 M) 13 FEET GRIZZLY BEAR 12 FEET 7 FEET (2.1 M) 11 FEET 10 FEET 9 FEET 8 FEET 7 FEET 6 FEET 5 FEET 4 FEET 3 FEET 2 FEET 1 FOOT 14 15 CHAPTER 3 Bigfoot Bigfoot’s Feet Would Be Researchers know of about 3,500 Bigfoot sightings in North America.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wildman of China: the Search for the Yeren
    SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 309 March, 2021 The Wildman of China: The Search for the Yeren by Oliver D. Smith Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out for peer review, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. We do, however, strongly recommend that prospective authors consult our style guidelines at www.sino-platonic.org/stylesheet.doc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phonology and Phonetics of Rugao Syllable Contraction: Vowel Selection and Deletion
    THE PHONOLOGY AND PHONETICS OF RUGAO SYLLABLE CONTRACTION: VOWEL SELECTION AND DELETION By Chenchen Xu A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Linguistics — Doctor of Philosophy 2020 ABSTRACT THE PHONOLOGY AND PHONETICS OF RUGAO SYLLABLE CONTRACTION: VOWEL SELECTION AND DELETION By Chenchen Xu In Chinese languages, when two syllables merge into one that has the segments from both, the segments compete to survive in the limited time slots (Chung, 1996, 1997; Lin, 2007). The survival or deletion of segment(s) follows a series of rules, including the Edge-In Effect (Yip, 1988) and vowel selection (R.-F. Chung, 1996, 1997; Hsu, 2003), which decide on the outer edge segments and vowel nucleus, respectively. This dissertation is dedicated to investigating the phonological patterns and phonetic details of syllable contraction in Rugao, a dialect of Jianghuai Mandarin, with more focus on the vowel selection and deletion process. First, I explored the segment selecting mechanism, including the preservation or deletion of the consonantal and vocalic segments, respectively. Based on the phonological analyses, I further investigated two major questions: 1) what determines the winner of the two vowel candidates for the limited nucleus slot in the fully contracted syllable, the linearity of the vowels (R.-F. Chung, 1996, 1997) or the sonority of the vowels (Hsu, 2003), and 2) is a fully contracted syllable phonetically and/or phonologically neutralized to a non-contracted lexical syllable with seemingly identical segments with regards to syllable constituents, lengths, and vowel quality? The corpus data suggest that, 1) the Edge-In Effect (Yip, 1988) is prevalent in Rugao syllable contraction in deciding the survival of the leftmost and rightmost segments in the pre- contraction form whether they are vocalic or not, unless the phonotactics of the language overwrite it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933
    The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Schluessel, Eric T. 2016. The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493602 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933 A dissertation presented by Eric Tanner Schluessel to The Committee on History and East Asian Languages in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History and East Asian Languages Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts April, 2016 © 2016 – Eric Schluessel All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Mark C. Elliott Eric Tanner Schluessel The Muslim Emperor of China: Everyday Politics in Colonial Xinjiang, 1877-1933 Abstract This dissertation concerns the ways in which a Chinese civilizing project intervened powerfully in cultural and social change in the Muslim-majority region of Xinjiang from the 1870s through the 1930s. I demonstrate that the efforts of officials following an ideology of domination and transformation rooted in the Chinese Classics changed the ways that people associated with each other and defined themselves and how Muslims understood their place in history and in global space.
    [Show full text]
  • Creative Spaces Within Which People, Ideas and Systems Interact with Uncertain Outcomes
    GIMPEL, NIELSE GIMPEL, Explores new ways to understand the dynamics of change and mobility in ideas, people, organisations and cultural paradigms China is in flux but – as argued by the contributors to this volume – change is neither new to China nor is it unique to that country; similar patterns are found in other times and in other places. Indeed, Creative on the basis of concrete case studies (ranging from Confucius to the Vagina Monologues, from Protestant missionaries to the Chinese N & BAILEY avant-garde) and drawing on theoretical insights from different dis- ciplines, the contributors assert that change may be planned but the outcome can never be predicted with any confidence. Rather, there Spaces exist creative spaces within which people, ideas and systems interact with uncertain outcomes. As such, by identifying a more sophisticated Seeking the Dynamics of Change in China approach to the complex issues of change, cultural encounters and Spaces Creative so-called globalization, this volume not only offers new insights to scholars of other geo-cultural regions; it also throws light on the workings of our ‘global’ and ‘transnational’ lives today, in the past and in the future. Edited Denise Gimpel, Bent Nielsen by and Paul Bailey www.niaspress.dk Gimpel_pbk-cover.indd 1 20/11/2012 15:38 Creative Spaces Gimpel book.indb 1 07/11/2012 16:03 Gimpel book.indb 2 07/11/2012 16:03 CREATIVE SPACES Seeking the Dynamics of Change in China Edited by Denise Gimpel, Bent Nielsen and Paul J. Bailey Gimpel book.indb 3 07/11/2012 16:03 Creative Spaces: Seeking the Dynamics of Change in China Edited by Denise Gimpel, Bent Nielsen and Paul J.
    [Show full text]