Benghazi Forum OUTCOMES OF THE FIRST MEETING OF THE LIBYAN FORUM FOR MOVEMENTS AND PARTIES

19–20 june 2021 | benghazi | libya

Benghazi Forum OUTCOMES OF THE FIRST MEETING OF THE LIBYAN FORUM FOR MOVEMENTS AND PARTIES

19–20 june 2021 | benghazi | libya Libya Institute for Advanced Studies (LIAS) Al-Fuwayhat, Benghazi, Libya www.lias.ly

© June 2021. Libyan Institute for Advanced Studies (LIAS)

This monograph is published in cooperation with the National Forum for Movements and Parties.

The Publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of the author.

Design and typesetting by Sohail Nakhooda/Libya Institute for Advanced Studies (LIAS). Contents

15 Political Movements Demand Direct Presidential and Parliamentary Elections 5

Communiqué by the Libyan Forum for Movements and Parties Regarding the Entitlement of the General Elections on 24 December 2021 6

Proceedings of the Press Conference of the Libyan Forum for Movements and Parties 8

Statement by the Libyan Forum for Movements and Parties on the Berlin II Conference on Libya 19

15 Libya Political Movements and Parties Address their Demands to Head of Libyan Parliament 25

Appendix: Arabic Documents 29

15 POLITICAL MOVEMENTS DEMAND DECEMBER DIRECT PRESIDENTIAL AND PARLIAMENTARIAN ELECTIONS

19 june 2021

Fifteen leading Libyan political movements and parties issued a joint statement at the end of their meeting in Benghazi on Saturday 19 June 2021, after holding extensive rounds of discussions on the upcoming December elections and key issues undermining progress in Libya. The joint statement said that the only way out of the crisis in the country was through direct Presidential and Parliamentary elections.

(LIBYA, 20 June 2021) – The joint statement said they had followed “the repercussions of the current scene of the violation of Libyan sovereignty and foreign military interven- tions, and the disruption in the implementation of military, economic and political agree- ments.” The consortium demanded the “withdrawal of all foreign troops present on Libyan soil to enable the Libyan people to express their free will in choosing their governing in- stitutions that will lead the country to the permanent stage through the implementation of a permanent constitution.” The statement at the meeting in Benghazi was read by Najiba Staita, Acting Head of the Civil Democratic Party, and the questions session was conducted by Aref Ali Nayed, Head of the Ihya Libya Movement. The meeting also included interventions via Zoom from Naji Barakat, Ali Tarhouni, Muhammad Saad, Fawzi Abdel-Aal, and Muhammad al-Muntasir. The statement was endorsed by the Civil Democratic Party, Ihya Libya Move- ment, Libya for All Movement, Youth for Change, National Will Gathering, Vote for Libya Movement, Center National Party, December 24 Movement, Movement for the Twenty-Fourth of December, Libya Elects Its President Movement, Derna Women's Union, Tobruk Women's Union, Women in the Lead Movement, Benghazi's Women's Union, and the National Movement Towards a Constitutional State.

[Published in: https://almarsad.co/en/2021/06/20/benghazi-15-political-movements-de- mand-december-direct-presidential-and-parliamentarian-elections/]

benghazi forum | 5 COMMUNIQUÉ BY THE NATIONAL MOVEMENTS AND PARTIES REGARDING THE ENTITLEMENT OF THE GENERAL ELECTIONS ON 24 DECEMBER 2021

19 june 2021

We, the representatives of the national parties and movements, the signatories to this state- ment, after several rounds of in-depth dialogue and extensive research, and as we follow the repercussions of the current scene of the violation of Libyan sovereignty and foreign military interventions, and the disruption in the implementation of military, economic and political agreements, we, hereby, announce to our honorable people the following:

(1) Our firm conviction that the salvation of our people from the stifling crisis that the country has been going through for many years now, is the safe passage to the general elections; Presidential and Parliamentary elections that have been agreed upon by all Libyan stakeholders, and strongly supported and endorsed by the international community through statements of the UN Security Council; we do not accept any disruptive attempt to impede this entitlement through imposing the idea of a referendum on a highly disputed constitution draft, or insisting on using it as a contentious constitutional rule as a means to create discord for the purpose of postponement or cancelation.

(2) Our strong conviction, also, that the tasks set by the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum for the Presidential Council and the Government of National Unity are, exclusively and primarily, to do all that is necessary to prepare the country for achieving this historic na- tional entitlement represented in organizing and holding the elections on their scheduled date on 24 December 2021. At the forefront of these assignments is achieving the with- drawal of all foreign troops present on Libyan soil to enable the Libyan people to express their free will in choosing their governing institutions that will lead the country to the per- manent stage through the implementation of a permanent constitution.

(3) The date set for holding these elections is a date approved by the vast majority of the Libyan people, who cannot allow it to be bypassed in any way. The scheduled date fo the elections has also been approved and endorsed by the international community, repre- sented in the UN Security Council, headed by its permanent members.

(4) We further affirm that we already have the constitutional rule required for conducting the elections, represented in the February Commission Proposals’ full document, and in-

6 | benghazi forum cluded in the Seventh Amendment to the Constitutional Declaration, as well as in Reso- lution No. (5) of 2014, Issued by the House of Representatives (HoR), regarding the Direct Election of the Head of State. Therefore, it is only necessary for the HoR to address the High National Elections Commission (HNEC), and refer all the necessary documents to it, in order for the HNEC to immediately embark on taking the necessary measures to hold the elections.

(5) If we reach the deadline for holding the elections, before all foreign forces are evacuated from the national territory, we suggest that the African Union, represented by its Member States, assist in the monitoring of the elections, to ensure their safe and orderly conduct, and to safeguard the elections against any attempts to tamper with their results.

(6) We will address the content of this statement to Chancellor Aguila Saleh, Speaker of the House of Representatives, to request HoR contribution in implementing what we pro- posed, herein, for the welfare of the country and the future of its children.

God Save Libya

Signatories

Civil Democratic Party Ihya Libya Movement Libya for All Movement Youth for Change National Will Gathering Vote for Libya Movement Center National Party December 24 Movement Movement for the Twenty-Fourth of December Libya Elects Its President Movement Derna Women's Union Tobruk Women's Union Women in the Lead Movement Benghazi's Women's Union National Movement Towards a Constitutional State

Issued in Benghazi on 19 June 2021

benghazi forum | 7 PROCEEDINGS OF THE PRESS CONFERENCE OF THE LIBYAN FORUM OF MOVEMENTS AND PARTIES

19 june 2021

*The views expressed in the answers at the press conference are the views of the Ihya Libya Movement as expressed by its Chairman, Dr Aref Ali Nayed.

Moderator: Ladies and gentlemen, journalists, correspondents and foreign news agency reporters can ask their questions now. Dr. Aref Nayed, Chairman of the Ihya Libya Move- ment, will now take your questions on behalf of his colleagues at Libyan Forum of Move- ments and Parties.

Journalist Abdulaziz Al-Fakhri: I have three questions: The first question is on the “Forum of Political Movements and Parties” held today in the city of Benghazi. Does it bring to- gether all the parties and the political blocs in Libya, or is it limited to some blocs? The second question: What is the position of the political currents in Libya in the event that all political forces in Libya are not committed to holding the elections on the specified date? The third question: Dr Aref, do you see the seriousness of the political bodies cur- rently present in Libya to hold elections on 24 December 2021? Do you also sense the seriousness of the international community through the statements of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), the Ambassadors or the Stabilization Support Group in Libya? Dr. Aref Nayed: First of all, regarding the first question. This is an opportunity to clarify the nature of this Forum. This Forum is for pan-Libya movements, currents and political parties that have been meeting over the past nine months via zoom, as all meetings were virtual due to the pandemic. The idea behind these forums or meetings was Dr. Naji Barakat, the former Minister of Health, and Dr. Ali Al-Tarhouni, the former Minister of Oil and Finance. Through this beginning, through virtual meetings of some personalities, the momentum began to in- crease and these blocs, parties and movements gathered until we reached this great event today, thank God, that gathered fifteen political movements, parties, unions, as well as civil society organizations. This is a foundational beginning for assembling the Libyan national voice; the national voice that seeks to truly represent the Libyan people and the aspirations of the Libyan people to live in dignity under the rule of law, in equal citizenship rights and respect for human rights and human dignity. This is what unites us here. We are not against any orientation; we are only against anyone who seeks to deprive the

8 | benghazi forum Libyan people of their right to self-determination, to choose their leadership, and to choose their representation through direct Presidential and Parliamentary elections. We support the restoration of Libyan legitimacy. Restoring Libyan sovereignty in the best and only way is through the return to the voice of the Libyan people via direct Presidential and Parliamentary elections, through the ballot boxes. This is what unites us. We are not a new body, nor are we a coherent party, or one structure. We are a net- work of Libyan blocs, movements, unions and parties that decided, thank God, to meet today on Libyan soil, in Benghazi, to express their national voice and say yes to the direct Presidential and Parliamentary elections on their scheduled date on 24 December 2021, God willing. Regarding your second question, we believe that there is, for the first time, local, re- gional and international seriousness in supporting direct Presidential and Parliamentary elections, because we have all experienced the hefty price of procrastination in the elec- tions. If you remember at one of the historical moments, Fayez Al-Sarraj said that there were Presidential and Parliamentary elections in 2017, and then there was a delay in that. The international community arranged the Paris meeting, or the Paris Conference, where it was decided to hold elections in December 2018, and this was also announced through the Palermo Conference and others. But the delay prevented the holding of those elections. Procrastination in the direct Presidential elections is one of the most important causes of the conflict in Libya. There was a voice that came out recently in a seminar the day before yesterday; a voice claiming that the Libyan people do not have the right to elect a President through the ballot box. He claimed that because the election results may not please that person. This is the bottom line and the cause of all the problems in the country. This is the reason for the conflict in Libya, and this is the reason for the hardships in Libya, that there is a mi- nority that has been in control for ten years now and does not want this people to choose their leadership themselves. The Libyan people have the inherent right to elect a President for the first time in their history, and to elect a new parliament to renew legitimacy. This is what we aspire to, and we believe that there is international seriousness represented in the decisions of the First Berlin Conference, which we hope that the decisions of the Second Berlin Conference, which is scheduled to be held shortly, will reconfirm them. Also, the recent Security Coun- cil resolutions strongly supported holding direct Presidential and Parliamentary elections on time. The same support came through successive statements from world countries in addition to the foreign ministries of the United States, France, Italy and others; all saying the elections will be held on 24 December 2021. All these indicators reaffirm international community’s support for the elections. More important than all of these countries and more important than the Security Coun- cil are the Libyan people. This people has the right to choose who they choose, and we have to accept this choice no matter what, not trying to confiscate the right of the Libyan people. We are very upset about the words of Mr. [Abdul Rahman] Al-Swehli that he ut- tered in Tripoli recently or the last seminar he spoke in. We believe that confiscating the right of the Libyan people to choose their representa- tives is void. We believe that the Libyan people have the right to have their say. This is the main meaning of this assembly today. Tomorrow, I will go with my colleagues, God willing, to the city of Al-Qubba, and we will hand this statement along with a set of other documents and other drafts to Chancellor Aguila Saleh, Head of the Libyan Parliament,

benghazi forum | 9 and we will ask him to activate Law No. (5) of 2014, and the decisions of the February Committee included in the Seventh Constitutional Amendment. I hope I have covered the three questions together, thanks.

Journalist Mohamed (WTV): Perhaps the Muslim Brotherhood is almost in control of the entire Western Region, do you have any contact with the Western Region regarding today’s communiqué? What are your next steps in the Western Region? Dr. Aref Nayed: In fact, the issue of the Muslim Brotherhood’s control of the Western Region is just a narrative that the Muslim Brotherhood pretentiously repeats. This is the illusion of the Muslim Brotherhood. The Muslim Brotherhood does not control the West- ern Region, and does not even control Tripoli or Misrata. We must not accept this alle- gation. We believe that there are national voices from within Tripoli, and national voices within Misrata. Today, in this Forum, we have heard voices from the city of Misrata; we have heard voices from Tripoli; and we have heard voices from Southern Libya. We do not accept the narrative that the Muslim Brotherhood has a majority in Tripoli, Misrata, or other cities in the Western Region. Yes, they control the Central Bank of Libya (CBL). Yes, there are nine of them in the departments the CBL. They are present at its affiliated Institute of Banking Studies. They own important media outlets, and unfortunately this new govern- ment, instead of confronting this media monopoly by the Brotherhood, they gave them state-affiliated TV channels as well. The person in-charge of the media now is part of this current. This possession is called the rule of the minority, which is the opposite of John Stuart Mill’s democracy theory that there should be no tyranny of the majority. What happened in Libya is that there is a tyranny of a minority, a minority that has no real electoral weight, and has been able to control parts of the State. The Libyan people are inside Tripoli, and the Libyan people are inside Misrata. I think they are compatible with the rest of the Libyan people in all of Libya. We will accept anyone who is elected by the people through the ballot boxes in fair, internationally monitored and transparent elections, and we ask the other side and every- one who objects, including Mr. Al-Swehli to resort to the polls. If people vote for Al- Swehli, we will accept him, but if he finds no one to vote for him but himself, for example, we will not accept him. He must accept whoever comes through the ballot box; this is democracy. Democracy cannot be tailored to people’s desires. Meaning, you accept the election results when someone you support wins, and you don't accept the results when someone you don't like comes to through the ballot box. This is not democracy and not justice. In this Forum we say: Yes to the Libyan people and to the will of the Libyan people, and we accept the will of the Libyan people whatever it is, may God bless the Libyan people.

Journalist Ayman Al-Werfalli (Reuters): What will you do if the elections are postponed? Dr. Aref Nayed: The question is what will the Libyan people do. We believe that if there were procrastination at this historical moment in the history of Libya, God forbid, we be- lieve that the Libyan people would rise up against this, because the procrastination lasted for many years, during which a certain minority unjustly acquired the resources of the Libyan State, and divided it among them just like a booty; exploiting their predominance

10 | benghazi forum and control over the reins of affairs. This matter cannot last because it is unfair. Injustice cannot last no matter how long it takes. The legitimacy that the government of Mr. Abdul Hamid al-Dbaiba has is temporary. It is a specific legitimacy with a specific date; I mean, there is an expiration date written on the Dbaiba government’s mandate which is 24 December 2021. He should be aware of this. He must honor all the commitments he signed in Geneva. He has pledged to stick to the UN Roadmap. Libyan society is fully aware of this when it gave legitimacy to this government based on the vote of confidence [to the Interim Government of National Unity] in the Libyan Parliament in Sirte; when he gave him this confidence; and the Par- liament gave him and his Cabinet this confidence through the vote that took place in the Libyan House of Representatives’ Sirte session. Also, in the resolutions of the Security Council that recognized the government of Abdul Hamid al-Dbaiba, there is an expiration date that was set for it. Any extension of tenure for this government beyond 24 December is illegitimate. The Libyan people will take the actions they deem appropriate, convene and establish a new constituent body; or take to the street in a massive uprising; this is left to the Libyan people. But we believe, as national movements and political currents, that no procrastination will be accepted after this date. Everyone is patient with all the procedures that we see, which unfortunately consecrate centralization; unfortunately, these centralization procedures perpetuate the marginaliza- tion of Cyrenaica and Fezzan. We are witnessing all of these measures with patience that such practices will end on 24 December 2021 through elections. We believe that the General Budget approved for this government is sufficient for the salaries, necessities and emergency things that the Libyan people need. However, we cannot understand why they are asking for a Development Budget while this interim government has only 190 days left; meaning, what development do you seek to undertake in 190 days? What development do you want to make? We are also surprised that this government demands the lifting of the UN and interna- tional community freeze on the assets of the Libyan people. What do you want to do with the frozen assets of the Libyan people in 190 days? We advise this government—with all due respect—that His Excellency the Prime Minister focus on what he has signed and committed to, which is holding the elections on time. We advise political figures such as Dr. Abdul Rahman Al-Swehli not to inflame the feelings of the Libyan people, and not to demean the feelings of the Libyan people, because the Libyan people have had enough and now overwhelmingly yearn to exercise their right to directly elect the next President of Libya and the next Parliament of Libya, and no one has the right to confiscate this right regardless of the results of the upcoming election.

Journalist Malik Abu Khattwa (Libya Channel): There is a political trend that says that Resolution No. (5) was challenged. What is your response to this? And what are your next steps? Dr. Aref Nayed: Resolution No. (5) of 2014, is an Act that has officially been promulgated by the Libyan Parliament in a session with full quorum, and no one voted against it except for one member. This Resolution was passed by an overwhelming majority. This Resolu- tion has not been overturned by any subsequent decision. Even when the House of Rep- resentatives convened in Sirte to grant the vote of confidence to the GNU, the assembled representatives could have said that there are decisions, according to the Skhirat, that

benghazi forum | 11 should be canceled, for example, but they did not say that; instead, they reaffirmed the legitimacy of all existing decisions by the Parliament. Therefore, we believe that the most solid constitutional rule on which elections can be based today is Resolution No. (5) of 2014, together with all of the February Committee’s package of decisions that were included in the Seventh Amendment to the Constitutional Declaration. We believe that the decisions of the February Committee in addition to Resolution No. (5) of 2014 are more than sufficient. As you will recall, the General National Congress (GNC) deferred a decision on whether the President’s election was direct or indirect to the next Parliament, the Libyan House of Representatives (HoR). When the House of Representatives met in 2014, it de- cided by an overwhelming majority and in a full quorum session, that the election of the Head of State shall be through direct voting through the ballot boxes. This is the Law of Libya because it is a Parliamentary Resolution that was issued correctly and was never challenged, and nothing was issued to contradict it. This is an enforceable decision. We, in the Libyan Forum of Political Movements and Parties, believe that it is the pre- rogative of His Excellency Chancellor Aguila Saleh, in his capacity as Head of the Libyan Parliament, to activate this decision, and to say: based on this enforceable decision—be- cause it is a valid Law—we ask the High National Elections Commission (HNEC) to ac- tivate this Resolution and to hold the Presidential and Parliamentary Elections on the scheduled date of 24 December 2021. The consensus of the Libyan people, the United Na- tions, regional organizations and the international community through two UN Resolu- tions issued by the Security Council, which are enforceable and binding under Chapter VII, confirm the international will to hold the elections on time. This is the strongest type of obligation, because the Security Council, under Chapter VII, can enforce Law No. (5) of 2014, issued by the House of Representatives regarding the direct election of the Head of State because it is a Libyan Law and not an international law. We cannot say this is contrary to sovereignty; actually this is the embodiment of sovereignty to implement Libyan laws. The Libyan Law is now the governing law, which is Resolution No. (5) of 2014 in addition to the decisions of the February Committee that were included in the Seventh Constitutional Amendment.

Dr. Aref Nayed: These are hypothetical questions, but in my personal opinion, if these elections were postponed or stalled, these blocs, all civil society associations, women’s unions, youth associations, tribal social councils, and everything that could bring Libyans together, would gather in a body; a new constituent body and they could say: as long as international legitimacy and Security Council resolutions are not respected by anyone, we are returning to the true Libyan legitimacy. They call out and issue a new constitutional declaration and start a political life on a completely new basis. I do not personally think that the people will accept what Al-Swehli said the day before; this is an insult and a den- igration of the Libyan people; The Libyan people are mature, the Libyan people are ra- tional, and the Libyan people are able to make their decisions. If Mr. Al-Swehli is confident of himself, he would be kind enough to run for the Presidential elections, and see what the Libyan people say about him. If the Libyan people nominate him, we accept him, and he has to accept whoever the Libyan people vote for. God bless you.

Journalist Saleh (Libya Al-Ghad Channel): The Geneva Agreement stressed the need for foreign forces to exit Libya, and among the government’s priorities was the non-interfer-

12 | benghazi forum ence of any foreign party in the government’s decisions. But what was the government’s response to the fighting that erupted in the city of Ajeilat two days ago? Dr. Aref Nayed: My dear brother, this government was supposed to be a government of national unity. Unfortunately, its Head uttered some words related to Benghazi that no sane person would accept. Unfortunately, there are institutions that have been made af- filiated with the Prime Minister, such as the Benghazi Satellite Channel. It has been com- pletely abolished, with its employees, with their lives, with their programmes. There is unfairness and lack of fulfillment of the promises he gave to the Parliament so that his government would gain confidence. There is an obsession with the issue of the budget and the unfreezing of Libyan assets abroad. It’s a strange obsession. If this government will continue its duties for only 190 days, why does it seek that? This is unreasonable, unless the intentions are to procrastinate and to extend his mandate beyond 24 December 2021, just as Fayez Al-Sarraj did before when he extended his tenure, without elections, and in violation of the Libyan Political Agreement, where he continued to rule for five years with- out elections. I am surprised they are afraid of tyranny and dictatorship; is there more dictatorship than that Al-Sarraj governs us for more than five years while he is not elected by the peo- ple? This government was chosen by an unelected committee. There is confusion in choos- ing this government, and there is Annex No. 13, which was not published in the United Nations report, which touched upon the method of choosing the government. Despite all this, everyone turned a blind eye to this in the hope of creating an inclusive government for all Libyans. We have seen how the people of Sirte rallied around this government and welcomed it when the Parliament granted it confidence. This government should have remained in Sirte and tried to be a government for all Libyans, but unfortunately there are certain tenden- cies. The fighting that took place was carried out by people who were given shields and honored in official ceremonies, and this government carried out parades in which figures involved in terrorism participated; these are not actions of a national unity government. Also, regarding the media, unfortunately, there is a very disturbing figure who has a background in the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), and he was in charge of Al- Nabaa TV channel. Now this man has acquired all the Libyan media capabilities and tools with the money of the Libyans. What does the government intend to do with these media outlets? Will these media platforms be utilized for electoral campaigns’ purposes or for extension campaigns? What is going on? We advise this government to be impartial, and to try to stop the bloodshed of Libyans everywhere in Libya, and to undertake efforts to achieve peace, and to strike with an iron fist against anyone who may be tempted to undermine and compromise peo- ple’s safety and public security.

A question addressed by a journalist: How do you expect the turnout of citizens to vote in the elections? Dr. Aref Nayed: I, like Dr. Ali Hamouda, strongly supported Libya’s Constitution Drafting Assembly (CDA) through the Libya Institute for Advanced Studies (LIAS). LIAS organized many forums, conferences and seminars in support of the work of the CDA, and we tried to bring the views of some members closer, and this talk is documented. In fact, we have exerted tireless efforts in support of the CDA to produce a draft constitution. We, like all Libyans, yearn for this constitution, but unfortunately, the CDA insisted

benghazi forum | 13 on issuing a very problematic draft. Yesterday, an important statement was issued by our Libyan Amazigh brothers, and before that by our Libyan Tibou brothers, and before by our Libyan Tuareg brothers regarding the reservations of these authentic Libyan compo- nents and their challenge to this draft. It is unreasonable for this draft to be a basis for the constitution. The constitution must be inclusive of all components and all the social fabric in Libya, and must never be divisive. In this regard, the constitution must be a social con- tract based on societal understanding and consensus, and not be dividing, excluding and marginalizing an important part of the authentic Libyan people. This is one point, the other point is the draft constitution is mined, even if we assume for the sake of argument, that it was approved in a referendum, it would give those in power two more years in government in the event of a yes vote. And if it is rejected, you can imagine the controversy that will erupt in the aftermath. There are many things that can be used in legal challenges against that draft, so instead of avoiding getting into a maze of confusion and further procrastination under the pretext of a referendum on the draft constitution before holding the Presidential and Parliamentary elections, this issue can be addressed simply through the upcoming Parliament, which will consider the question of the constitution, where it can form a constitutional committee and can culminate the issue of the constitution within a few months. The February Commission, when it issued its Proposals, which I personally believe are among the best constitutions, issued them in only three months. By comparison, members of the CDA still, for many years now, receive salaries. Even in the budget of the Dbaiba government, the provision for allocating a budget to the members of the CDA is still in force, meaning that they are still receiving salaries for this work. We believe that the draft constitution is a word of truth intended to be used for certain purposes. When we say constitution, we are all for constitutionalism, but not in this way.

Abdullah, a journalist and civil activist from the city of Derna: What are the local and in- ternational security guarantees to ensure the implementation of the entitlements of the di- rect Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in the capital, Tripoli, after what happened in the Parliamentary elections in Derna in 2014, when all polling stations were closed by force of arms? Dr. Aref Nayed: The situation now in 2021 is no worse than in 2014, when the previous elections were organized. In the city of Zuwara, the security forces in Zuwara are able to secure the electoral polls in Zuwara. In the city of Surman, the police in Surman are able to secure the elections, and in Tripoli, the security forces in the capital are able to secure the electoral process. All we need is to have international observers present in all electoral districts to monitor any attempts to tamper with the elections. We expect that there will be attempts to thwart the elections under the pretext that there is a security defect. We believe that the two recent Security Council resolutions re- iterate and focus on this point and concentrate on the issue of supporting the upcoming elections. The two resolutions were issued as mandatory because we are still under Chapter VII. There are historical precedents for the Security Council in supporting the Rwandan and Gambian elections with the assistance of the African Union. All options must be open, with all stakeholders obligated to respect the elections and to organize the performance of the elections to the fullest extent, with the implementation of the election results. We believe that the international commun ity must bear its respon- sibility, as well as all Libyans in all regions across the country; each securing their own

14 | benghazi forum area, and everyone is able to secure their own constituency. The one who is able to control Tripoli in normal days is able to control it during the elections. We believe that it is pos- sible to hold elections, and fabricating security excuses is an artificial pretext that should not be accepted locally, regionally or internationally.

Journalist (Libya 24 News Agency): On 23 June, the Berlin Conference will be held. What is your message for the Conference, and what is your assessment of the performance of the Presidential Council? Dr. Aref Nayed: Yes, we will send a message to the Berlin Conference II on Libya. A letter has been prepared for the Conference, and it will be delivered, God willing, shortly after this press conference. A copy will be handed over to H.E. Chancellor Aguila Saleh tomor- row. We demand that Berlin Conference II on Libya preserves the gains of the first Berlin Conference and its decisions, and also maintain the gains of the last two Security Council Resolutions. One of the most important points is the exit of all foreign forces and mercenaries. We do not differentiate between foreign forces and mercenaries. Unfortunately, the Turks are trying to promote internationally that there is a difference between foreign forces and mer- cenaries saying that the mercenaries only are meant by the international resolutions, and that the regular forces shall remain because they are in the country based on treaties. We do not recognize any treaty signed by Fayez al-Sarraj with the Turks because the Libyan Parliament has never ratified any such treaty. These treaties are void and there is no legal argument for the existence of these forces on Libyan territory. The demand for the withdrawal of forces is one of the most important outcomes of Berlin (I), and one of the most important outputs of the Geneva Conference, and was also confirmed by the re- cent Security Council Resolutions. God willing, it will be among the decisions of the Berlin Conference (II). Your second question was about... [On your second question …] The Presidential Council (PC) is working in very difficult circumstances. They had some good attitudes, especially His Excellency Muhammad Al- Mnenfi, the PC President, and also Mr. Mousa Al-Kouni, May God protect them. They had very important statements that they would not allow any delay in the elections. We obligate them with these public statements. As for Mr. [Abdullah] Al-Lafi—unfortunately he was a personal friend in the past— his statements indicate that he just reiterates Mr. Al-Mishri and some voices in the city of Zawiya. We are not at all happy with what he says. The important point is that the Pres- idential Council must maintain its powers. It is not within the power of the Prime Minister to sign new agreements with any country. He does not have the authority to renew or sign agreements signed by Fayez Al-Sarraj. He does not have the authority to appoint Ambas- sadors. There are many things that are not within his powers. Unfortunately, he acts as if all the presidential powers are in his hands. The Presidential Council has to carry out its duties towards the Libyan people and to reject such behavior and announce it publicly. Praise be to God, there are some statements that were published previously by the Mr. Al-Mnenfi, in which he insisted on these points and these powers. Signed or not, Mr. Dbaiba has no right to sign such agreements, or any other treaties, and this is a very important issue. We appeal to the patriotic sense of Mr. Al-Mnenfi and Mr. Al-Kouni to undertake their duty towards the Libyan people and to protect the Libyan people from any abuses of this government in this short period. This is a very delicate and very critical period. They do not have the right to demand the lifting

benghazi forum | 15 of the freeze on Libyan assets, and they do not have the right to seize presidential powers with regard to international treaties.

Reporter: Everyone is talking about the issue of elections, as if the elections had become an end in itself and not a means, but in the past days there was a visit to the capital, Tripoli, by a Turkish delegation headed by the Turkish Defense Minister. Some sources talk that Turkey will try to impose the presence of its forces before the Berlin conference. This question is in follow up of the issue of the presence of foreign forces and whether it is different from the presence of mercenaries. My question to Dr. Aref about the possibility of holding elections in light of the presence of Turkish forces, away from the issue of mer- cenaries. This question is my first question.

Second question: The United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) announced that there will be a meeting of the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum team on 28 June. If Parliamentary elections were held without Presidential elections, would you, as political movements, accept Parliamentary elections without Presidential elections being held si- multaneously?

Dr. Aref Nayed: We noticed the Turkish maneuvers, particularly the strange visit to Mitiga Airport that any truly free Libyan would never accept in this crude and unannounced manner. They were not received by any Libyan party, but were received by Turkish offi- cers. When the Libyans came to visit them, they entered with a visitor’s card on Libyan soil. This is a further insult to the Libyan sovereignty and also an attempt to impose a kind of historical recollection, as if they are saying that we, as Turks, are still in the era of Sultan Abdul Hamid, comparatively with the era when they were in the state of Tripoli- tania in Western Libya under the Ottoman rule. This is something that is unacceptable and should be rejected by all Libyans. We have noticed that there is resentment in the Libyan street of such measures. Why are these procedures taking place at this particular time? They want to send a message to the Berlin II Conference on Libya that they are on the ground, and that they are in pos- session of Tripoli. Yes, the Turkish force is extensive and they have 15,000 Syrian merce- naries; a powerful and striking military force. Turkey with all its armies is part of NATO, and Turkey would not dare to confront the UN Security Council as a whole if there was an international will on the part of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia and China. Turkey cannot oppose this international will. We demand that the Security Council reaffirm the seriousness of its Resolutions when it says that direct Presidential and Parlia- mentary elections must be held; that it supports them under Chapter VII, and that, as re- cent statements stressed, the United Nations has a duty to support the elections in Libya. We say to the Security Council that a timetable for the evacuation of Turkish military forces from Libya can schedule their evacuation even if they do not exit the country before the elections are held. Their exit can be scheduled. There are very reasonable arrangements made by the French to come up with a certain schedule under specific military and tech- nical arrangements. This can be accepted and elections can be held even as they are on their way out completely from Libyan territory. Therefore, it is very important not to fall into the trap of conditionally linking the hold- ing of the elections with their exit because some might say that we cannot hold the elec-

16 | benghazi forum tions in the presence of foreign forces on Libyan soil. We ask them to leave the territory of Libya, but they do not leave. Then someone says, because there are foreign forces, we do not hold elections. This is a major fallacy and an attempt to circumvent the electoral deadline on 24 December 2021. The solution is to hold elections under the supervision of the Security Council from the military perspective, meaning that the Security Council has to oblige all foreign forces, without exception, foreign regular troops and mercenaries, to leave the Libyan territory, and the elections will be held even if these forces are on their way out with a certain schedule. These stipulations may be used as a kind of ambush to cancel, postpone, or delay the elections and we should not accept this.

Journalist: The second question, Dr Nayed, is, will there be a meeting of the Libyan Po- litical Dialogue Forum (LPDF) in Geneva on 28 June dedicated to discussing holding elec- tions according to the constitutional rule? Dr. Aref Nayed: We will touch on this matter with Chancellor Aguila Saleh when we visit His Excellency. I discussed this issue when I visited His Excellency last Saturday. We be- lieve that the Parliament is capable and has sufficient capabilities to hold elections accord- ing to the Libyan constitutional rule that already exists in the Parliament’s promulgated resolutions and procedures, and that there is no need for the package that the LPDF’s Committee of 75 is working on, or the Legal Committee 18 emanating from the LPDF’s Legal Committee. However, if the Parliament, God forbid, procrastinates and refuses to activate its Res- olution No. (5) of 2014, and the Seventh Amendment to the Constitutional Declaration, then this (LPDF) meeting will take a different turn, of course, and we may find ourselves in a really bad situation because we have to ask an important question regarding the Com- mittee of 75; how they were chosen? What is the composition of this committee? Look at the committee and study the composition of the committee, you will find a certain city has more than 7 seats, while other cities have no representation whatsoever. For instance, the city of Tarhouna, which has a population of hundreds of thousands of people, does not have any seat in the Committee of 75. You also see a certain ideological bloc that has 12 seats even though it does not represent even 2% of the Libyan people. The Committee of 75 is not fair, and we in the Ihya Libya Movement, have repeatedly addressed memoranda to the United Nations in this regard before this came into existence as a reality reluctantly accepted by everyone in the hope that this will bring about change and Libyans will have a way out of the bottlenecks and the predicament of five years of Al-Sarraj regime. Notwithstanding, this does not mean accepting the legitimacy of the Committee of 75. The legitimacy of the Committee of 75 is being challenged before the Libyan courts. I mean, even if a constitutional rule is issued, any bloc or party can raise a lawsuit and can challenge its legitimacy before Libyan courts because it is not an elected body. Yes, it has an elected part represented by 13 members of Parliament, compared to 13 members of the State Council, whose electoral legitimacy has expired. We commend the distinguished personalities of the patriotic men and women who, although they became a minority in these committees, were able to speak their national voice. I particularly salute the Libyan women legal experts, members of the Committee of 75 who, about three weeks ago, issued an important statement in this regard. However, in general, we cannot rely on the Committee of 75. In fact, we prefer that the Parliament perform its legitimate, legal, moral and constitutional duty towards the Libyan people,

benghazi forum | 17 and that it can promulgate the constitutional rule so that we can hold these elections on their scheduled date of 24 December 2021. I think we covered most of the points. Thank you for your presence and participation and kindly excuse me for the long answers, but I tried to cover all aspects of the topics, and I thank my colleagues in the Civil Democratic Party and the rest of the political parties, movements, and unions who attended with us for putting this trust in me to answer on their behalf. May God bless you all.

18 | benghazi forum STATEMENT BY LIBYAN FORUM OF MOVEMENTS AND PARTIES ON THE BERLIN II CONFERENCE ON LIBYA

19 june 2021

Your Excellences, Foreign Ministers and High-Level Representatives Participating at the Berlin Conference II on Libya

Further to our best greetings,

We, the Libyan national parties and movements, the signatories to this Statement, hereby, extend our thanks and appreciation to the representatives of the friendly countries gath- ered at the Berlin Conference II on Libya. We also commend and appreciate the vital role played by the Federal Republic of Germany for hosting these meetings, and for its keenness to find an expedient solution to the Libyan crisis that has exacerbated and escalated for more than a decade now.

While we acknowledge the importance of your contributions and support, we would like to affirm, to Your Excellences, the following:

(1) The first Berlin Conference on Libya constituted the bedrock for resolving the Libyan crisis. It considerably elevated the level of aspirations and optimism among the Libyan people of reaching a solution that would bring them out of the dark tunnel of the crisis, help them restore their national sovereignty, and give them the opportunity to peacefully, freely and securely choose the authorities that will govern their country through the ballot boxes. The first Berlin Conference on Libya has gained a pan-Libya popular acceptance among the people who expressed their adherence to its conclusions, and, also, welcomed the is- suance of Resolution No. 2570 by the UN Security Council.

(2) The Libyan people’s growing hope is predominantly focused on renewing the legiti- macy of their institutions through direct, free and fair Presidential and Parliamentary Elections on 24 December 2021.

(3) We commend the progress achieved on the military track through the 5+5 Libyan Joint Military Commission in halting the fighting and reaching agreement on a number of cru- cial points for confidence-building and consolidating other tracks. However, we note the inertness to implement the terms of this agreement, and the slowdown, or even the stale- mate of this track. This would raise serious concerns about a renewed outbreak of hostil- ities among the Libyan people. Therefore, we call for the need to commit, without delay,

benghazi forum | 19 to resuming the work on this track, as well as the exit of all foreign forces and mercenaries from Libyan territory.

(4) The important and necessary gain, represented in setting a binding date for holding the direct Presidential and Parliamentary elections on 24 December 2021, requires firm commitment and support. Any delay or procrastination will not only fail the Libyans and deprive them of their inherent right to choose their representatives, but will also plunge the country into a new war. Thus, the situation will worsen and become more complex and exacerbated. So, we warn against any attempts to obstruct and postpone the upcoming elections, and we count on your firmness in confronting any obstructing parties and the importance of imposing sanctions on them. Perhaps the international consensus on pun- ishing the obstructionists, and highlighting a firm stance, in this regard, at the Second Berlin Conference, would represent an urgent preventive measure to put an end to their attempts to deprive the Libyan people of the right to direct suffrage, and to prevent the country from entering the vicious cycle of violence, and deteriorating security and stability in the country and the region.

(5) We invite Your Excellences, without delay, to support the incumbent administration of the High National Elections Commission (HNEC), and ensure that it is not compro- mised to prevent attempts to disrupt HNEC tasks by some parties, so that the HNEC can continue to pursue its duties and culminate its efforts with efficient organization of this important national event, leading to the announcement of the final results, and the need for all concerned parties to abide by these results and hold all parties who turn against them, or on the democratization track, accountable.

(6) We inform your esteemed Conference that we are deeply disturbed by the increasing rhetoric of incitement, spreading treason accusations, and threatening people practiced by some parties via a number of visual media outlets, and the outrageous utilization of social media platforms for this purpose. We fervently invite you to help take a firm stand against this discourse, and to prevent further division and fragmentation among the war- torn Libyan people, as the obstructionists aim at shaking confidence among Libyans, and disrupting the long-awaited electoral process.

(7) Finally, we look, with great hopes, to the distinguished members of the Berlin Confer- ence II, and the esteemed UN Security Council, to exercise the necessary pressure on the relevant parties to ensure the issuance of the necessary legislation and laws so that the High National Elections Commission can smoothly complete its procedures.

We look forward to build our civil, democratic state and achieve security and stability for Libya and the entire region, and to contribute to achieving peace and development, and we demand an international commitment to help us protect Libya’s borders, fight terror- ism, eliminate corruption, prevent the looting of our people’s resources, assist us to dis- band the militias, achieve the state’s monopoly on weapons, and help in boosting the economy and addressing the stifling living crises of the Libyan people.

Wishing Your Excellences every success, kindly accept our utmost respect and apprecia- tion.

20 | benghazi forum Signatories

Civil Democratic Party Ihya Libya Movement Libya for All Movement Youth for Change National Will Gathering Vote for Libya Movement Center National Party December 24 Movement Movement for the Twenty-Fourth of December Libya Elects Its President Movement Derna Women's Union Tobruk Women's Union Women in the Lead Movement Benghazi's Women's Union National Movement Towards a Constitutional State

benghazi forum | 21 22 | benghazi forum benghazi forum | 23 24 | benghazi forum 15 LIBYAN POLITICAL MOVEMENTS AND PARTIES ADDRESS THEIR DEMANDS TO HEAD OF LIBYAN PARLIAMENT

20 june 2021

Chancellor Aguila Saleh, Head of Libya’s Parliament received today at Al-Qubba the par- ticipants of the Benghazi Forum of 15 Political Movements, and supported their Com- muniqué demanding direct Presidential and Parliamentarian Elections on time on 24 December 2021.

(LIBYA, 20 June 2021) – At the conclusion of the Libyan Forum of Political Movements and Parties in Benghazi, the participants of the Forum headed to the city of Al-Qubba, where they were received by the Head of the Libyan House of Representatives (HoR). Chancellor Aquila Saleh delivered a speech in which he welcomed their final statement issued in Benghazi on Saturday evening, 19 June 2021, which was presented to him by Dr. Aref Nayed, Chairman of the Ihya Libya (Reviving Libya) Movement, on behalf of his colleagues in the 15 national movements, parties, blocs, and unions participating in the Forum, along with a package of legal proposals submitted by the Forum. The Head of the Libyan Parliament confirmed to the Forum's delegation that he sup- ports the holding of direct Presidential and Parliamentary elections on their scheduled date on 24 December 2021. Chancellor Saleh affirmed that the Libyan Parliament has the constitutional rule and laws necessary to hold the elections on the scheduled date of 24 December 2021. He also reaffirmed his support for the Forum’s request not to prejudice the High National Elections Commission (HNEC) or change its administration, especially at this critical stage. The Head of Libyan Parliament listened to the demands and proposals of the partici- pating national voices from all regions of Libya who participated at the Forum, and reit- erated that the solutions to the Libyan crisis will be at the hands of a President elected directly by the Libyan people through the ballot boxes, and a new Parliament elected on the basis of patriotism, efficiency and responsibility for assuming public service.

[Published in: https://almarsad.co/en/2021/06/20/15-libyan-political-movements-and-par- ties-address-their-demands-to-head-of-libyan-parliament/]

benghazi forum | 25 26 | benghazi forum benghazi forum | 27

APPENDIX ARABIC DOCUMENTS

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34 | benghazi forum

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