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Europe-And-Islam.Pdf Laurent Basanese, Bert Broeckaert, Stanisław Grodź, Timo Aytaç Güzelmansur, Damian Howard, Luboš Kropáček, Michaela Moravčíková, Francesco Zannini, Cornelis Hulsman EUROPE AND ISLAM Proceedings of the international conference held on 3rd of March – 4th of March 2015, Olomouc, Czech Republic Jaroslav Franc (ed.) OLOMOUC 2015 This publication has been produced with the assistence of the Education for Competitiveness Operational Programme (ECOP) Institute for Intercultural, Interreligious and Ecumenical Research and Dialogue, CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0154. ISBN 978-80-7412-194-4 © Refugium Velehrad-Roma, s.r.o., 2015 Editor Jaroslav Franc Typeset by Tomáš Černošek and Tomáš Karczub Published by Refugium Velehrad-Roma, s.r.o. Křížkovského 4, 772 01 Olomouc e-mail: [email protected] www.refugium.cz Printed by Matice cyrilometodějská, s.r.o. Contents Pavel Ambros Christian Bravery, Islam and Europe .........................................7 Jaroslav Franc (ed.) Europe has changed: an introduction ...................................... 10 PLENARY SESSIONS Laurent Basanese SJ (France) The Question of “True Islam”: Europe faces Salafism ..............17 Bert Broeckaert (Belgium) European Muslims and End of Life Ethics: A Belgian Perspective ...............................................................50 Stanisław Grodź SVD (Poland) Muslim Presence in Poland – A Marginal Issue in Contemporary Europe? ...........................77 Timo Güzelmansur (Germany) Muslimische Präsenz in Deutschland und Antwort der katholischen Kirche – eine Zusammenstellung ...............101 Damian Howard SJ (England) Islam in England: a survey of communities, issues and engagement with Christians ................................ 132 Luboš Kropáček (Czech Republic) Muslims in Czechia : A Small, Widely Heterogeneous Minority .............................171 5 Michaela Moravčíková (Slovakia) Religion and State in Contemporary Slovak Republic and Challenges of Islam .............................. 192 Francesco Zannini (Italy) Islam in Italy: a galaxy of Muslim presence ............................211 SPECIAL GUEST Cornelis Hulsman (Egypt) Interfaith relationship in Egypt misunderstood by European media and activists ............................................ 241 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE EUROPE AND ISLAM Olomouc, Czech Republic 3rd and 4th of March 2015 Organiser ...............................................................................288 Conference program ..............................................................289 List of the participants ...........................................................290 6 Christian Bravery, Islam and Europe Our answer will always speak not only about what we have to face. It also discovers our way of thinking. When Roman general Scipio de- feated feared Hannibal in 200 BC, he advised Roman politicians not to demolish the enemy city of Karthago. If Rome has to face a competent rival, it will not lose its war capabilities. All the time we hear that Islam is threatening us. But we have to say (incorrectly): After WWII Europeans despised “low-level labour” and that is why they invited muslims to Europe. Colonists’ reproachful “silent call” (M. Heidegger) opened the gate for a new wave of migrants with the pride on one side and the humiliation on the other. A consumer style formed conscience of several genera- tions of Europeans. The God of prosperity clouded human mind, there is no place for a child here. From demografic point of view, Europe is dying out. Christian bravery does not rely on its own strength but is grounded in God’s help. “Trembling limbs do not penetrate mind,” as Jan Kli- mak says. According to him, cowards are arrogant. To illustrate this, he uses a contradiction: “Night thief, who does not fear digging graves, does not know humbleness.” Tomáš Halík expressed aptly what was actually going on in a therapeutical secular cult of the man filling sol- itude without God by religional cynism. We are enslaved by political correctness, so we remain modestly silent about how we tolerate our lies as timid children in fear that the truth about ourselves would come out. Let’s answer at least one question in Sokrates’ tradition: Is not a “Je suis Charlie” march an alibism of more comfortable remaining on the surface of our cultural stereotypes than the resolution for encoun- 7 Pavel Ambros ter reaching beyond our mental peripheries (said with Pope Francis)? A Christian does not feel at ease in enslaving ideology of freedom with- out relationship (contemporary Western civilization) and he is not at ease in slave submission to God without personal choice and personal call, either (Koran’s God). However in his mission – to experience all human in God’s way and all that is God’s in human way – he feels “fear” that people enslaved by “present sins” will miss their aim of life. Maybe we have several grains for overcoming fear: Fear is expecting the evil – let us learn to “despise” lavishly a set table of mass media which live from expecting the worse. There is not only Islam for me, there are also muslims. A Christian is looking for an impulse for brav- ery in an idea that his/her way of life he can be likened to Christ in his suffering (and glory). In overcoming stereotypes it proves to be brave to accept inconveniences boldly, since we are not ignorant to their roots. It helps to bravery not to hide what threatens: It is hypocritical to be offended by the fate of women sold as slaves to the fighters of Islamic State and not to see hundred thousands of women sold in our wealthy society. And finally: Patience is the courage not to be overwhelmed by fear when we face the evil which we cannot prevent. We often face this in upbringing. Our own fear can be overcomed by education, not by hollow discussions of showmen. “The most effective antidote against all forms of violence is ed- ucation towards the discovery and acceptance of differences.” (Pope Francis) Finally the paradox of viewpoint of Jiří Novotný, SJ: Islam has a providential role for the people of the book, Christians and Jews (free citizens but with limited powers, dhimmi). The most important Christian’s virtue is humbleness. Since the Christians are diligent, hard-working and systematic, they are doing well. They quickly for- get to be grateful and to be able to thank. That is why there has to be someone, who is sent by God himself, to teach them again to be humble. It is also well expressed by the experience of my faculty col- league who visited a Coptic monastery. After several days of his stay they could speak also about their worries. They prayed for rain so that 8 Christian Bravery, Islam and Europe they could water their bean fields. Their reasoning was suprising: “It is only a matter of time till radicals come here and slaughter us – there is no doubt about it. We cannot influence it. We are ready for death. But there is another difficulty: Each Sunday Coptic families with children come to visit us. We teach them and we eat together. If there were no beans we would not be able to invite them. And not to pass life with God is worse than to die for faith.” Pavel Ambros SJ 9 Europe has changed: an introduction Díváme se na islám jako na orientální vyznání, a přece je ve skutečnosti východním výběžkem evropské osvěty. (Alois Musil, 1868-1944) We are recognising Islam as an oriental religion, but yet it has been in fact the Eastern part of European culture. Europe in 21st century is a continent searching for a new identity of united countries, economic systems and cultures. Roots of contempo- rary Europe are deeply connected with the ancient Greek philosophy, Roman jurisprudence and the message of the Jewish Bible. Self-portrait of the Europe depicted by the centuries is today facing new cultures and new religious challenges. Institute for intercultural, interreligious and ecumenical research and dialogue originated and managed by prof. Pavel Ambros, S.J., is the outcome of his long term process of cultivating the process of scientific research and education at theolog- ical faculty of Palacky University Olomouc. And, of course, it is also product and symptom of the time. Searching for better understanding of European culture and its particular cultures as well as the religions is a challenge for the theology. And the main aims of the Institute are achieving the best possible outcomes in research, both internationally and in the Czech Republic; theological-philosophical understanding of dialogue; the diversity of traditions and identities in the Christian East, East-West dialogue in Europe, cultures and traditions of the so- called Abrahamic religions and their influence on cultural and religious transformation in Europe, Czech contribution to the development of 10 Europe has changed: an introduction inter-religious and ecumenical dialogue; strengthening of research cen- tre at Palacky University in Olomouc, and fostering links with research institutions in the Czech Republic and abroad especially by the par- ticipation of a visiting research fellow Marie Campatelli from Centro di studi e ricerche Ezio Aletti in Rome. Team of researchers is trying to achieve a greater complexity of methodological procedures and expe- rience in research and apply these to publication and educational ac- tivities at Palacky University. And also to enrich the culture of Europe by research results and thus accelerate the interaction between society, culture and religion. The building the relationships between new re- searchers, alumni and students is an ongoing and long-term
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