DOCSLIB.ORG

Edward Purcell

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Edward Purcell anno argomento autori-laboratorio Nobel 1946 risonanza magnetica nucleare Felix Bloch (1905-1983), Edward Purcell 1962 (F) (1912-1997) 1946 ENIAC: il primo calcolatore elettronico (tubi Pennsylvania University a vuoto) 1946 sincrotrone Edwin Mattison McMillan (1907-1991) 1947 Lamb shift Willis Lamb* (1913-2008), Robert Retherford 1955 (F)* (1912-1981) 1947 transistor John Bardeen (1909-1991), Walter Brattain 1956 (F) (1902-1987) e William Shockley (1910-1989) 1947 momento magnetico elettrone (misura di Polycarp Kusch (1911-1993) 1955 (F) precisione) 1947 pione Cecil Frank Powell (1903-1969), 1950 (F) 1947 acceleratore lineare protoni Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory 1948 origine degli elementi chimici (big bang) George Gamow (1904-1968), Ralph Alpher (1921-2007) 1948 antiferromagnetismo e ferrimagnetismo Louis Neél (1904-2000) 1970 (F) 1950 teoria fenomenologica superconduttività Vitaly Ginzburg* (1916-2009), Lev Landau 2003 (F)* (1908-1968) 1950 circa elettrodinamica quantistica Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (1906-1979), Julian Schwinger (1918-1994), Richard Feynman (1918-1988), Freeman Dyson (1923) 1950 circa diffrazione di neutroni Clifford Shull (1915-2001) 1994 (F) 1950 circa fisica del plasma Hannes Alfven (1908-1995) 1970 (F) 1950 circa diffusione anelastica di neutroni Bertram Brockhouse (1918-2003) 1994 (F) 1952 camera a bolle Donald Glaser (1926) 1960 (F) 1951-1953 struttura del DNA Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958), Francis 1962 (M)* Crick* (1916-2004), James Watson* (1928) e Maurice Wilkins* (1916-2004) 1954 maser Nicolay Basov (1922), Aleksandr 1964 (F) Mikhailovich Prokhorov (1916-2002), Charles H. Townes (1915) 1955 antiprotone Owen Chamberlain (1920, 2006), Emilio 1959 (F) Segrè (1905-1989) 1955 prima cella fotovoltaica al silicio Daryl Chapin (1906-1995), Calvin Fuller (1902-1994), Gerald Pearson (1905-1987) 1955 primo orologio atomico National Physical Laboratory, Teddington (GB) 1956 antineutrone Bruce Cork 1956 violazione parità (teoria) Tsung-Dao Lee /1926), Chen Ning Yang 1957 (F) (1922) 1956 antineutrino Clyde Cowan (1919-1974, Frederick Reines* 1995 (F)* (1918-1998) 1957 violazione parità (esperimento) Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997) 1957 teoria della superconduttività (superconduttori John Bardeen (1908-1991), Leon N. Cooper 1972 (F) del I tipo, coppie di Cooper) (1930) e John Robert Schrieffer (1931) 1957 teoria della superconduttività (superconduttori Alexei Abrikosov (1928) 2003 (F) del II tipo) 1958-1959 primo circuito integrato Jack Kilby* (1923-2005), Robert Noyce 2000 (F)* (1927-1990) 1958 effetto Mössbauer Rudolf Mössbauer (1929-2011) 1961 (F) 1958-1960 electron tunneling in semiconduttori Leo Esaki (1925) 1973 (F) 1958 laser (teoria) Arthur Schawlow (1921-1999), Charles Townes (1915) 1960 rottura spontanea della simmetria nella fisica Yoichiro Nambu (1921) 2008 (F) subatomica 1962 laser a semiconduttore Robert Hall (1919) 1960-1962 electron tunneling in supercoduttori Ivar Giaever (1929) 1973 (F) 1962 effetto Josephson Brian Josephson (1940) 1973 (F) 1962 neutrino mu Leon Lederman (1922), Melvin Schwatz 1988 (F) (1932-2006), Jack Steinberger (1921) 1962 sorgenti cosmiche di raggi X Riccardo Giacconi (1931) 2002 (F) 1963 decadimento particelle strane via interazione Nicola Cabibbo (1935-2010) debole (teoria) 1963 teoria quantistica della luce coerente Roy Glauber (1925) 2005 (F) 1964 violazione della simmetria CP James Cronin (1931), Val Fitch (1923) 1980 (F) 1964 quarks e antiquarks (ipotesi) Murray Gell - Mann (1929), George Zweig (1937) 1965 radiazione cosmica di fondo Arno Penzias (1933), Robert Woodrow 1978 (F) Wilson (1936) 1965 struttura del nucleo Robert Hofstadter (1915-1990) 1961 (F) 1965 circa radioastronomia interferenziale Martin Ryle (1918-1984) 1974 (F) 1965 circa ologrammi Dennis Gabor (1900-1979) 1971 (F) 1966 fibre isolanti per frequenze ottiche Charler Kao (1933), George Hockham (1938) 2009 (F) 1967 unificazione interazione debole ed Sheldon Glashow (1932), Abdus Salam 1979 (F) elettromagnetica (1926-1996), Steven Weinberrg (1933) 1967 pulsar Jocelyn Bell (1943), Antony Hewish* (1924) 1974 (F)* 1968 neutrini prodotti dal Sole (primi dati) Raymond Davis jr (1914-2006) 2002 (F) 1969 sensore CCD Willard Boyle (1924-2011), George Smith 2009 (F) (1930) 1970 circa NMR imaging Raymond Damanian (1936), Paul Lauterbur* 2003 (M)* (1929-2007), Peter Mansfield* (1933) 1970 circa struttura quantistica dell'interazione debole Gerardus 't Hooft (1946), Martinus Veltman 1999 (F) (1931) 1971 fenomeni critici nelle transizioni di fase Kenneth Wilson (1936) 1982 (F) 1972 circa etero-strutture in semiconduttori Zhores Alferov (1930), Herbert Kroemer 2000 (F) (1928) 1972 3 David Lee (1931), Douglas Osheroff 1996 (F) scoperta della superfluidità dell' He (1945) e Robert Richardson (1937) 1972 teoria superfluidi anisotropi Anthony Legget 2003 (F) 1972 tre famiglie di quarks (teoria) Makoto Kobayashi (1944), Toshihide 2008 (F) Maskawa (1940) 1973 libertà asintotica interazione forte David Gross (1941), David Politzer (1949), 2004 (F) Frank Wilczek (1951) 1974 mesone J /Ψ Burton Richter (1931), Samuel Ting (1936) 1976 (F) 1976 trasparenza indotta elettromagneticamente Gerardo Alzetta (1923), Adriano Gozzini (1917-1994), Luigi Moi (1946), Gaspar Orriols 1977 leptone tau Martin Perl (1927) 1995 (F) 1980 effetto Hall quantistico Klaus von Klitzing (1943) 1985 (F) 1981 microscopio ad effetto tunnel Gerd Binnig (1947) e Heinrich Rohrer (1933) 1986 (F) 1982-1983 effetto Hall quantistico frazionario Robert Laughlin (1950), Horst Störmer 1998 (F) (1949), Daniel Tsui (1939) 1983 bosoni W e Z Carlo Rubbia (1934), Simon Van der Meer 1984 (F) (1925) 1985 circa laser cooling Steven Chu (1948), Claude Cohen-Tannoudji 1997 (F) (1933), William Phillips (1948) 1985 fullerene Richard Smalley* (1943-2005), Robert Curl* 1996 (C)* (1933), James Heat (1962), Sean O'Brien, Harold Kroto* (1939) 1986 superconduttività ad alta temperatura Karl Muller (1927) e Georg Bednorz (1950) 1987 (F) 1986 microscopio a forza atomica Gerd Binnig (1947) 1986-1990 neutrini dal Sole, neutrini dalla Supernova Masatoshi Koshiba (1926), esperimento 2002 (F) 1987A Kamiokande 1988 Magnetoresistenza gigante Albert Fert (1938), Peter Grunberg (1939) 2007 (F) 1989 misura dello spettro della radiazione cosmica John Mather (1946), George Smoot (1945) 2006 (F) (satellite COBE) 1990 circa momento angolare della luce autori vari trappola ionica Hans Dehmelt (1922), Wolfgang Paul (1913- 1989 (F) 1993) 1995 condensati di Bose-Einstein Eric Cornell (1961), Carl Wieman (1951), 2001 (F) Wolfgang Ketterle (1957) 2004 graphene Andre Geim (1958), Konstantin Novoselov 2010 (F) (1974).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • State of the Nation 2008 Canada’S Science, Technology and Innovation System
    State of the Nation 2008 Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation System Science, Technology and Innovation Council Science, Technology and Innovation Council Permission to Reproduce Except as otherwise specifically noted, the information in this publication may be reproduced, in part or in whole and by any means, without charge or further permission from the Science, Technology and Innovation Council (STIC), provided that due diligence is exercised in ensuring the accuracy of the information, that STIC is identified as the source institution, and that the reproduction is not represented as an official version of the information reproduced, nor as having been made in affiliation with, or with the endorsement of, STIC. © 2009, Government of Canada (Science, Technology and Innovation Council). Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation System: State of the Nation 2008. All rights reserved. Aussi disponible en français sous le titre Le système des sciences, de la technologie et de l’innovation au Canada : l’état des lieux en 2008. This publication is also available online at www.stic-csti.ca. This publication is available upon request in accessible formats. Contact the Science, Technology and Innovation Council Secretariat at the number listed below. For additional copies of this publication, please contact: Science, Technology and Innovation Council Secretariat 235 Queen Street 9th Floor Ottawa ON K1A 0H5 Tel.: 613-952-0998 Fax: 613-952-0459 Web: www.stic-csti.ca Email: [email protected] Cat. No. 978-1-100-12165-9 50% ISBN Iu4-142/2009E recycled 60579 fiber State of the Nation 2008 Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation System Science, Technology and Innovation Council Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation System iii State of the Nation 2008 Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation System Context and Executive Summary .
    [Show full text]
  • Magnetic Vortices in Gauge/Gravity Duality
    Magnetic Vortices in Gauge/Gravity Duality Dissertation by Migael Strydom Magnetic Vortices in Gauge/Gravity Duality Dissertation an der Fakult¨atf¨urPhysik der Ludwig{Maximilians{Universit¨at M¨unchen vorgelegt von Migael Strydom aus Pretoria M¨unchen, den 20. Mai 2014 Dissertation submitted to the faculty of physics of the Ludwig{Maximilians{Universit¨atM¨unchen by Migael Strydom supervised by Prof. Dr. Johanna Karen Erdmenger Max-Planck-Institut f¨urPhysik, M¨unchen 1st Referee: Prof. Dr. Johanna Karen Erdmenger 2nd Referee: Prof. Dr. Dieter L¨ust Date of submission: 20 May 2014 Date of oral examination: 18 July 2014 Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchen stark gekoppelte Ph¨anomene unter Verwendung der Dualit¨at zwischen Eich- und Gravitationstheorien. Dabei liegt ein besonderer Fokus einer- seits auf Vortex L¨osungen, die von einem magnetischem Feld verursacht werden, und andererseits auf zeitabh¨angigen Problemen in holographischen Modellen. Das wichtigste Ergebnis ist die Entdeckung eines unerwarteten Effektes in einem ein- fachen holografischen Modell: ein starkes nicht abelsches magnetisches Feld verur- sacht die Entstehung eines Grundzustandes in der Form eines dreieckigen Gitters von Vortices. Die Dualit¨at zwischen Eich- und Gravitationstheorien ist ein m¨achtiges Werk- zeug welches bereits verwendet wurde um stark gekoppelte Systeme vom Quark- Gluonen Plasma in Teilchenbeschleunigern bis hin zu Festk¨orpertheorien zu be- schreiben. Die wichtigste Idee ist dabei die der Dualit¨at: Eine stark gekoppelte Quantenfeldtheorie kann untersucht werden, indem man die Eigenschaften eines aus den Einsteinschen Feldgleichungen folgenden Gravitations-Hintergrundes be- stimmt. Eine der Gravitationstheorien, die in dieser Arbeit behandelt werden, ist ei- ne Einstein{Yang{Mills Theorie in einem AdS{Schwarzschild Hintergrund mit SU(2)-Eichsymmetrie.
    [Show full text]
  • ECE Illinois WINTER2005.Indd
    Electrical and Computer Engineering Alumni News ECE Alumni Association newsletter University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Winter 2005-2006 Jack Kilby, 1923–2005 Volume XL Cancer claims Nobel laureate, ECE alumnus By Laura Schmitt and Jamie Hutchinson Inside this issue Microchip inventor and Nobel physics laureate DEPARTMENT HEAD’S Jack Kilby (BSEE ’47) died from cancer on MESSAGE June 22, 2005. He was 81. Kilby received the 2000 Nobel Prize in 2 Physics on December 10, 2001, in an award ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden. Kilby was ROOM-TEMPERATURE LASER recognized for his part in the invention and 4 development of the integrated circuit, which he first demonstrated on September 12, 1958, while at Texas Instruments. At the Nobel awards ceremony, Royal Swedish Academy member Tord Claesen called that date “one of the most important birth dates in the history of technology.” A measure of Kilby’s importance can be seen in the praise that was lavished on him in death. Lengthy obituaries appeared in engi- Jack Kilby neering and science trade publications as well FEATURED ALUMNI CAREERS as in major newspapers worldwide, including where his interest in electricity and electron- the New York Times, Financial Times, and The ics blossomed at an early age. His father ran a 29 Economist. On June 24, ABC News honored power company that served a wide area in rural Kilby by naming him its Person of the Week. Kansas, and he used amateur radio to keep in Reporter Elizabeth Vargas introduced the contact with customers during emergencies. segment by noting that Kilby’s invention During an ice storm, the teenage Kilby saw “had a direct effect on billions of people in the firsthand how electronic technology could world,” despite his relative anonymity among positively impact people’s lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Presentation Kluwer Online
    Presentation Kluwer Online http://www.kluweronline.com By Walter Montenarie Licensing Manager [email protected] Kluwer Online http://www.kluweronline.com Contents Presentation • Introduction • e-Journals • e-Reference Works • e-Books • Consortium contracts Introduction www.kluweronline.com • Who are we? Online Journals • Facts & figures Reference • Imprints Works • Nobel Prize winners • Current issues eBooks Consortium Contracts Kluwer Online Accelerating the World of Research [email protected] Introduction – Who are we? http://www.kluweronline.com Kluwer Academic Publishers • An international publishing organization active across a broad spectrum of academic and professional fields. • Our goal is provide dedicated service to researchers, scientists and academics through high-quality STM print and online content distribution. • We are involved with sharing scientific content through the WHO’s HINARI and AGORA programs. • We have a prestigious Russian program acquired as part of our 1998 purchase of Plenum Publishers. Introduction – Facts & Figures http://www.kluweronline.com Kluwer Academic Publishers • 1200 New (print) books per year • 13,000 Backlist book titles • More than 200 book series • Printing on Demand • Over 650 Print/Electronic journals • 750+ e-Book Titles (100 new each year) • 7 e-Reference Works Introduction – Imprints http://www.kluweronline.com Publishers Imprints: • Kluwer Academic Publishers • Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers • Kluwer Academic/Human Sciences Press • Kluwer Academic/Baltzer Science Publishers
    [Show full text]
  • Fpgas As Components in Heterogeneous HPC Systems: Raising the Abstraction Level of Heterogeneous Programming
    FPGAs as Components in Heterogeneous HPC Systems: Raising the Abstraction Level of Heterogeneous Programming Wim Vanderbauwhede School of Computing Science University of Glasgow A trip down memory lane 80 Years ago: The Theory Turing, Alan Mathison. "On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem." J. of Math 58, no. 345-363 (1936): 5. 1936: Universal machine (Alan Turing) 1936: Lambda calculus (Alonzo Church) 1936: Stored-program concept (Konrad Zuse) 1937: Church-Turing thesis 1945: The Von Neumann architecture Church, Alonzo. "A set of postulates for the foundation of logic." Annals of mathematics (1932): 346-366. 60-40 Years ago: The Foundations The first working integrated circuit, 1958. © Texas Instruments. 1957: Fortran, John Backus, IBM 1958: First IC, Jack Kilby, Texas Instruments 1965: Moore’s law 1971: First microprocessor, Texas Instruments 1972: C, Dennis Ritchie, Bell Labs 1977: Fortran-77 1977: von Neumann bottleneck, John Backus 30 Years ago: HDLs and FPGAs Algotronix CAL1024 FPGA, 1989. © Algotronix 1984: Verilog 1984: First reprogrammable logic device, Altera 1985: First FPGA,Xilinx 1987: VHDL Standard IEEE 1076-1987 1989: Algotronix CAL1024, the first FPGA to offer random access to its control memory 20 Years ago: High-level Synthesis Page, Ian. "Closing the gap between hardware and software: hardware-software cosynthesis at Oxford." (1996): 2-2. 1996: Handel-C, Oxford University 2001: Mitrion-C, Mitrionics 2003: Bluespec, MIT 2003: MaxJ, Maxeler Technologies 2003: Impulse-C, Impulse Accelerated
    [Show full text]
  • Date: To: September 22, 1 997 Mr Ian Johnston©
    22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 4& 8 6603847 SID 01 NOBELSTIFTELSEN The Nobel Foundation TELEFAX Date: September 22, 1 997 To: Mr Ian Johnston© Company: Executive Office of the Secretary-General Fax no: 0091-2129633511 From: The Nobel Foundation Total number of pages: olO MESSAGE DearMrJohnstone, With reference to your fax and to our telephone conversation, I am enclosing the address list of all Nobel Prize laureates. Yours sincerely, Ingr BergstrSm Mailing address: Bos StU S-102 45 Stockholm. Sweden Strat itddrtSMi Suircfatan 14 Teleptelrtts: (-MB S) 663 » 20 Fsuc (*-«>!) «W Jg 47 22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 B S603847 SID 02 22-SEP-1997 16:35 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 8 6603847 SID 03 Professor Willis E, Lamb Jr Prof. Aleksandre M. Prokhorov Dr. Leo EsaJki 848 North Norris Avenue Russian Academy of Sciences University of Tsukuba TUCSON, AZ 857 19 Leninskii Prospect 14 Tsukuba USA MSOCOWV71 Ibaraki Ru s s I a 305 Japan 59* c>io Dr. Tsung Dao Lee Professor Hans A. Bethe Professor Antony Hewlsh Department of Physics Cornell University Cavendish Laboratory Columbia University ITHACA, NY 14853 University of Cambridge 538 West I20th Street USA CAMBRIDGE CB3 OHE NEW YORK, NY 10027 England USA S96 014 S ' Dr. Chen Ning Yang Professor Murray Gell-Mann ^ Professor Aage Bohr The Institute for Department of Physics Niels Bohr Institutet Theoretical Physics California Institute of Technology Blegdamsvej 17 State University of New York PASADENA, CA91125 DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA D anni ark USA 595 600 613 Professor Owen Chamberlain Professor Louis Neel ' Professor Ben Mottelson 6068 Margarldo Drive Membre de rinstitute Nordita OAKLAND, CA 946 IS 15 Rue Marcel-Allegot Blegdamsvej 17 USA F-92190 MEUDON-BELLEVUE DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 Frankrike D an m ar k 599 615 Professor Donald A.
    [Show full text]
  • Kansas Inventors and Innovators Fourth Grade
    Kansas Inventors and Innovators Fourth Grade Developed for Kansas Historical Society at the Library of Congress, Midwest Region Workshop “It’s Elementary: Teaching with Primary Sources” 2012 Terry Healy Woodrow Wilson School, USD 383, Manhattan Overview This lesson is designed to teach students about inventors and innovators of Kansas. Students will read primary sources about Jack St. Clair Kilby, Clyde Tombaugh, George Washington Carver, and Walter P. Chrysler. Students will use a document analysis sheet to record information before developing a Kansas Innovator card. Standards History: Benchmark 1, Indicator 1 The student researches the contributions made by notable Kansans in history. Benchmark 4, Indicator 4 The student identifies and compares information from primary and secondary sources (e.g., photographs, diaries/journals, newspapers, historical maps). Common Core ELA Reading: Benchmark RI.4.9 The student integrates information from two texts on the same topic in order to write or speak about the subject knowledgably. Benchmark RI.4.10. By the end of year, read and comprehend informational texts, including history/social studies, science, and technical texts, in the grades 4–5 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. Objectives Content The student will summarize and present information about a Kansas inventor/innovator. 1 Skills The student will analyze and summarize primary and secondary sources to draw conclusions. Essential Questions How do we know about past inventions and innovations? What might inspire or spark the creation of an invention or innovation? How do new inventions or innovations impact our lives? Resource Table Image Description Citation URL Photograph of Jack Photograph of Jack http://kshs.org/kans Kilby (Handout 1) Kilby, Kansapedia, apedia/jack-st-clair- from Texas Kansas Historical kilby/12125 Instruments Society (Topeka, Kansas) Photo originally from Texas Instruments.
    [Show full text]
  • Appeal from the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation to End the Nuclear Weapons Threat to Humanity (2003)………………………………………..……...26
    Relevant Appeals against War and for Nuclear Disarmament from Scientific Networks 1945- 2010 Reiner Braun/ Manuel Müller/ Magdalena Polakowski Russell-Einstein-Manifesto (1955)……………..…..1 The first Pugwash Conferenec (1957)………..……4 The Letter from Bertrand Russell to Joseph Rotblat (1956)………………………………..……...6 „Göttinger 18“ (1957)…………………………..…..8 Hiroshima Appeal (1959)………………………..…9 Linus Pauling (1961)…………………………..…..10 The Call to Halt the Nuclear Arms Race (1980)………………..…..11 The Göttingen Draft Treaty to Ban Space Weapons (1984)…………………………………………….....15 Appeal by American Scientists to Ban Space Weapons (1985)………………………………..…..16 The Hamburg Disarmament Proposals (1986)…………………………………………..…...17 Hans A. Bethe to Mr. President (1997)………..…18 Appeal from Scientists in Japan (1998)……….....20 U.S.Nobel laureates object to preventive attack on Iraq (2003)……………………………………...….25 Appeal from the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation to end the nuclear weapons threat to humanity (2003)………………………………………..……...26 Appeal to support an International Einstein Year (2004)……………………………………………….28 Scientists for a Nuclear Weapons Free World, INES (2009)…………………………..……………31 Milan Document on Nuclear Disarmament (2010)……………………..34 Russell-Einstein-Manifesto (1955) 1 Russell-Einstein-Manifesto (1955) In the tragic situation which confronts humanity, we feel that scientists should assemble in conference to appraise the perils that have arisen as a result of the development of weapons of mass destruction, and to discuss a resolution in the spirit of the appended draft. We are speaking on this occasion, not as members of this or that nation, continent, or creed, but as human beings, members of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubt. The world is full of conflicts; and, overshadowing all minor conflicts, the titanic struggle between Communism and anti-Communism.
    [Show full text]
  • IOP, Quarks Leptons and the Big Bang (2002) 2Ed Een
    Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang Second Edition Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang Second Edition Jonathan Allday The King’s School, Canterbury Institute of Physics Publishing Bristol and Philadelphia c IOP Publishing Ltd 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Multiple copying is permitted in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency under the terms of its agreement with the Committee of Vice- Chancellors and Principals. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 7503 0806 0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data are available First edition printed 1998 First edition reprinted with minor corrections 1999 Commissioning Editor: James Revill Production Editor: Simon Laurenson Production Control: Sarah Plenty Cover Design: Fr´ed´erique Swist Marketing Executive: Laura Serratrice Published by Institute of Physics Publishing, wholly owned by The Institute of Physics, London Institute of Physics Publishing, Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS1 6BE, UK US Office: Institute of Physics Publishing, The Public Ledger Building, Suite 1035, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Typeset in LATEX2ε by Text 2 Text, Torquay, Devon Printed in the UK by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall Contents
    [Show full text]
  • A Joint Fermilab/SLAC Publication Dimensions of Particle Physics Issue
    dimensions volume 03 of particle physics symmetryA joint Fermilab/SLAC publication issue 05 june/july 06 Cover Physicists at Fermilab ponder the physics of the proposed International Linear Collider, as outlined in the report Discovering the Quantum Universe. Photos: Reidar Hahn, Fermilab Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy volume 03 | issue 05 | june/july 06 symmetryA joint Fermilab/SLAC publication 3 Commentary: John Beacom “In a global fi eld, keeping up with all the literature is impossible. Personal contact is essential, and I always urge students and postdocs to go to meetings and talk to strangers.” 4 Signal to Background An industrial waterfall; education by placemats; a super-clean surface; horned owls; Garden Club for particle physicists; Nobel banners; US Congress meets Quantum Universe. 8 Voices: Milestones vs. History Celebrating a milestone is always enjoyable, but a complete and accurate historical record is invalu- able for the past to inform the future. 10 A Report Like No Other Can the unique EPP2010 panel steer US particle physics away from a looming crisis? Physicists and policy makers are depending on it. 14 SNS: Neutrons for ‘molecular movies’ A new research facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has produced its fi rst neutrons, presenting new opportunities for studying materials from semiconductors to human enzymes. 20 Battling the Clouds Electron clouds could reduce the brightness—and discovery potential—of the proposed International Linear Collider. Innovative solutions are on the way and might reduce the cost of the machine, too. 24 A (Magnus) Force on the Mound Professional baseball player Jeff Francis of the Colorado Rockies brings a strong arm and a physics background to the playing fi eld: “I bet Einstein couldn’t throw a curveball.” 26 Deconstruction: Spallation Neutron Source Accelerator-based neutron sources such as the SNS can provide pulses of neutrons to probe superconductors, aluminum bridges, lighter and stronger plastic products, and pharmaceuticals.
    [Show full text]
  • US Neutron Facility Development in the Last Half-Century: a Cautionary Tale
    Phys. Perspect. Ó 2015 The Author(s). This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com DOI 10.1007/s00016-015-0158-8 Physics in Perspective US Neutron Facility Development in the Last Half-Century: A Cautionary Tale John J. Rush* Large multi-user facilities serve many thousands of researchers in fields from particle physics to fundamental biology. The great expense—up to billions of current-day dollars— and the complexity of such facilities required access to extensive engineering and research infrastructures, most often found at national laboratories and the largest research univer- sities. Although the development of such facilities has been largely successful and the research results unique and often spectacular, the processes for choosing, funding, and locating them were complex and not always productive. In this review, I describe the troubled efforts over the past fifty years to develop neutron research facilities in the United States. During this period, the US has moved from a preeminent position in neutron-based science to a lesser status with respect to Europe. Several major US centers of excellence have been shut down and replaced with more focused capabilities. I compare the US efforts in neutron facilities with parallel developments in Europe and Asia, discuss the reasons for this state of affairs, and make some suggestions to help prevent similar consequences in the future. Key words: neutron research; national laboratories; Department of Energy; National Institute of Standards and Technology; research reactors; spallation neutron sources; Institut Laue-Langevin; National Academy of Sciences. Introduction A major element in the great expansion both of US and international science since the Second World War has been the development of large multi-user facilities to serve many thousands of researchers around the world with applications in almost all fields, ranging from particle physics to fundamental biology.
    [Show full text]
  • Cryptographer Sherry Shannon- Vanstone Says the Status Quo Isn’T Working for Women Entering STEM Fields
    the Perimeter spring/summer 2017 Editor Natasha Waxman [email protected] Managing Editor Tenille Bonoguore Contributing Authors Tenille Bonoguore Colin Hunter Stephanie Keating Arthur B. McDonald Roger Melko Robert Myers Percy Paul Neil Turok Copy Editors Tenille Bonoguore Mike Brown Colin Hunter Stephanie Keating Sonya Walton Natasha Waxman Graphic Design Gabriela Secara Photo Credits Adobe Stock Tenille Bonoguore Jens Langen National Research Council of Canada Masoud Rafiei-Ravandi Gabriela Secara SNOLAB Tonia Williams Inside the Perimeter is published by Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. www.perimeterinstitute.ca To subscribe, email us at [email protected]. 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada p: 519.569.7600 I f: 519.569.7611 02 IN THIS ISSUE 04/ We are innovators, Neil Turok 06/ Young women encouraged to follow curiosity to success in STEM, Tenille Bonoguore 08/ A quantum spin on passing a law, Colin Hunter 09/ Creating clean ‘quantum light’, Tenille Bonoguore 12/ How to make magic, Colin Hunter and Tenille Bonoguore 14/ Innovation tour delivers – and discovers – inspiration across Canada, Tenille Bonoguore 15/ Teacher training goes to Iqaluit, Stephanie Keating 16/ The (surprisingly) complex science of trapping muskrats, Roger Melko 18/ Fundamental science success deep underground, Arthur B. McDonald 20/ Hearing the universe’s briefest notes, Stephanie Keating 22/ Our home and innovative land, Colin Hunter 24/ Ingenious Canada 26/ Fostering the untapped curiosity of youth, Percy
    [Show full text]