Minoru Hokari, On the way to the 2017 1966 TIMELINE 1967 Gurindji country, 1997. Courtesy the 1997 The Royal Commission into Institutional On 22–23 August Gurindji/ Estate of Minoru Hokari. 1937 1939 A national referendum is held to amend the PhD student Minoru Responses to Child Sexual Abuse: elder, , Hokari conducts Gurindji, , The first Commonwealth/State conference on ‘native The Communist Party of Constitution. The 90.77% YES vote confers power on Case Study No. 17. On 30 March the leads 200 plus stockmen and research with Gurindji welfare’ adopts assimilation as the national policy. , formed in 1920, the Commonwealth to make laws for Aboriginal people. Commonwealth, a convicted paedophile, Nyininy, , their families off Wave Hill people, later published was the first Australian and Australian Indigenous Ministries Station. The Wave Hill Walk-Off 1997 in a book Gurindji Malgnin, and 1928 political party to develop 1968 agreed to compensate 71 former segued from a strike for equal The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity journey: A Japanese associated peoples have policy regarding Aboriginal Author and CPA member Frank Hardy’s book residents of the home. It’s the first wages to a nine-year fight for 8 Commission (HREOC) releases ‘Bringing Them historian in the outback. On 7 August 1928, Fred Books, a white dingo trapper, Australians. The Party provided The unlucky Australians is published in 1968. time the Federal Government will pay been traditional custodians their traditional , Home’ its report on the findings of the ‘National was found murdered on Coniston Station in central vital support for the 1946 compensation after public hearings at sparking the national land 1969 Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and of the River region Australia. He was killed for ‘breaching Aboriginal Pilbara strike and the Gurindji the child sex abuse Royal Commission. rights movement.7 Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families marriage law’, according to Aboriginal accounts of the Walk-Off from Wave Hill.4 By 1969, all states have repealed the legislation for over 50,000 years. allowing for the removal of Aboriginal children to the Commonwealth Government’. The report 2016 time. Over a period of months at different sites, at least Brian Manning, Gurindji men and sign painted for them by Frank 1997 1939 under the policy of ‘protection’. In the following made 54 recommendations, including a formal In December, the late Brian Manning’s 60 Aboriginal people were shot and killed in reprisals Hardy at Wattie Creek, 1967. Standing (L-R) Bruce Peter, Sammy Alec Kruger and others v. The Commonwealth of years, Aboriginal and Islander Child Care agencies government apology, monetary compensation Bedford Truck is donated to the National conducted by non-Indigenous people, which collectively Kahlin Compound closes after all Pangkalis, Captain Major Lupngiari, Mick Pelasco, Vincent Australia. Eight inhabitants of the are set up to contest removal applications and and other reparations to members of the Museum of Australia. The truck, became known as the Coniston Massacre, the last residents were moved to the new Bagot Lingiari, Mick Rangiari. Sitting (L-R) Starlight Wijina Kipiyarri (Australia) who had been taken from their families Japarta, Roger Japarta, Joe Randall, Jerry Rinyngayarri, Rodney provide alternatives to the removal of Indigenous . The parliaments and governments which transported supplies to Gurindji known officially sanctioned massacre of Indigenous in 1938. between 1925 and 1944 under the Aboriginals Australians. No charges were laid against the reprisal Pajiyarri Loman, Old Major, Charlie Pincher Nyurrmiari, Horace children from their families. of all states and the ACT issue apologies to the community on many occasions during 1944–46 Walmun, Timmy Vincent. Courtesy the Estate of Brian Manning. . Ordinance of 1918 (which allowed the forced removal the nine-year Walk-Off, had been placed party. A Board of Enquiry set up to investigate the killings of children of mixed Aboriginal descent), and a mother, 2 Social anthropologists Ronald and Catherine 1970 on the NT Heritage Register in 2011. ruled the party had ‘acted in self-defence’. Gurindji 1965 1854 Berndt investigated labour conditions on Frank Hardy speaks at the NSW Teachers 1988 Rose Napangardi McClary, whose child had been taken oral histories document massacres occurring during the The North Australian Workers Union, under pressure from her under the same law, sought a declaration that 2016 leads first 3 Vestey-owned cattle stations in the Northern Federation, where the Save the Gurindji On 26 January, Australia’s bicentennial, 60,000 establishment of Wave Hill and Stations. from the Northern Territory Council for Aboriginal the Ordinance was unconstitutional. They instituted On 23 August the 50th anniversary non-Indigenous exploration through Territory. The report exposes the conditions campaign is launched. The campaigners lead plus people – Indigenous and non-, applies to the Commonwealth Conciliation legal proceedings in 1995. In July 1997, the High Court of the Gurindji Walk-Off is held. the Victoria River region, followed by faced by Aboriginal workers. Despite legislation, a protest march from Redfern to , – march through from Redfern to Hyde 1924 Aboriginal children under 12 are working illegally, and Arbitration Commission to delete references Park with banners proclaiming, ‘Our land, our life’ rejected all their arguments and held that the Ordinance in 1879. with Paul Coe, Dexter Daniels, Sol Bellear and 11 2016 The original Wave Hill accommodation and rations are inadequate, in the Northern Territory’s pastoral award that and ‘White Australia has a Black History’, among was not unconstitutional. Later cases were also Brian Aarons, among others. On 28 July the Royal Commission 1883 Station at Malyalyimalyalyi there is sexual abuse of Aboriginal women, and discriminate against Aboriginal workers. Pastoralists other statements of social justice and land rights. unsuccessful until 2017. into the Child Protection and Youth The original and Lipanangku was prostitution for rations and clothing takes place. meet this proposal with stiff and argue 1972 Detention Systems of the Northern is established at Wave Hill by washed away in a flood. No sanitation or rubbish removal facilities are that any increase in wages should be gradual as this The is established opposite 1983 Territory is established, following the and the The new station was provided, nor is there safe drinking water. would help Aboriginal people to ‘adjust’. Parliament House in by four young The Aboriginal Child Placement Principal intense public outcry at the abuse of Gordon Brothers. established at Jinparrak, Indigenous activists, Michael Anderson, Billy Craigie, is introduced in the Northern Territory, 1961 Indigenous children in the Don Dale occupied until after the 1946 Bertie Williams and Tony Koorey9, representing aiming to ensure that Indigenous children 1901 The Northern Territory Council for Aboriginal Rights Youth Detention Centre at Berrimah, 1966 walk-off. Retta Dixon Home is established at Bagot Road being treated as ‘aliens in their are placed with Indigenous families when (NTCAR) is formed by George and Moira Gibbs, and Darwin, broadcast on Four Corners: Australia becomes a federation. Aboriginal Reserve in 1946 by the Aborigines own land’. The Tent Embassy quickly gained thousands or fostering is necessary. Brian Manning in Darwin in late 1961. The Darwin ‘Australia’s Shame’ ABC-TV on 25 July. Indigenous peoples are excluded Michael Terry, Stockyards at the original site of Wave Hill Inland (AIM). RDH moved to new of Indigenous and non-Indigenous supporters and had waterside workers had maintained their strong 1976 from the constitution. Station just after the devastating 1924 flood, Northern cottage style accommodation on the reserve violent clashes against the police.10 2008 Territory, 1925. PIC/8847/6/47. Pictures Collection, in 1962, where it operated until 1982.5 support for Aboriginal people’s rights that began The Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern 1911 Prime Minister , on behalf National Library of Australia. in the 1920s. Aboriginal members included Jacob 1972 Territory) Act is passed, the first legislation The Northern Territory Aboriginals 1950s and Philip Roberts, Dexter Daniels and Robert of the Australian Parliament, makes a The Labor Party comes to power. Prime Minister allowing for a claim of land title if the Ordinance (Cth) gives the Chief 1914 Tudawali with NTCAR played a central organising historic national apology to the Stolen Aboriginal Scholarships, known as Abschol, announces in his election policy Indigenous claimants can provide evidence Protector power to assume custody British pastoral company Vesteys buy Wave Hill Station role in supporting the Gurindji walk-off in 1966.6 Generations. The Senate rejects the begins as a committee of the National Union speech that his government will “establish of their traditional relationship to the land. of any Aboriginal or ‘half-caste’ if it is from Buchanan Family. In 1954 Vesteys took out the first of Australian University Students. Stolen Compensation Bill, 1956 once and for all Aborigines’ rights to land”. deemed ‘necessary’ or ‘desirable’. pastoral development lease for its Wave Hill property.1 Children at The Bungalow, 1940 which calls for ex gratia payments to The Wards Employment Regulations set out a This changes the political landscape. Courtesy of Brenda L Croft. 1975 be made to the Stolen Generations of 1914 scale of wages, rations and conditions applicable Aboriginal children. 1953 1973 (March) Prime Minister Gough The Bungalow, established in 1914, became an official to wards employed in various industries. The ward Aboriginal people in the Northern The original Wave Hill lease is Whitlam goes to Daguragu 2000 2007 institution in 1915. Often referred to as the rates are up to 50 per cent lower than those of non- 1913 Territory are made wards of the state. surrendered and two new leases are and ceremonially pours a Half-caste Institution or Half-caste Home, the Bungalow Aboriginal people employed in similar occupations Over 250,000 people participate in the The Wave Hill Walk-Off Route placed portion of Gurindji land into 13 The Kahlin Compound and some companies even refuse to pay their issued: one to the traditional owners 2000 Sorry Walk across on on national heritage register. closed in 1942. Vincent Lingiari’s hand with is established in Aboriginal labourers anything. Vestey Brothers through their Murramulla Gurindji 28 May. Similar walks are held in the other State the words, “Vincent Lingiari, 2007 Darwin segregating Credit: Proof number 11-12 Annotated “Bessie Croft Chinese/ refuse to pay their Aboriginal workers wages. Company and another to Vestey Brothers. and Territory capitals. Aboriginal people native H/C” Cecil John Hackett, AA 122/15/1/15, March 1934 – I solemnly hand to you these Liberal government initiates and Labor from the rest of the September 1934, Notebooks and Mounted Photographic Prints, deeds as proof, in implements the Northern AA 122/15/1/15, South Australian Museum. population of the 4 Further reading, http://indigenousrights.net.au/ law, that these lands belong Territory Intervention (NTER), allegedly town and controlling Brenda L Croft shut/mouth/scream 2016, (from the ‘blood/type’ organisations to the ”. to ‘protect Aboriginal children’ from 5 Further reading, https://www.findandconnect.gov.au/ their lives. series) pigment print from diptych, 91.0 x 89.5 cm. Courtesy of the sexual abuse. Without consultation artist, Stills Gallery, Sydney and Niagara Galleries, . guide/nt/YE00023 8 Further reading, Hardy, Frank, The unlucky Mervyn Bishop, Prime Minister Gough 11 The eight claimants were Alec Kruger, Hilda Muir, Connie Cole, Peter Aboriginal peoples’ lives were heavily 6 Further reading, http://indigenousrights.net.au/ Australians (Melbourne: Nelson, c1968). Whitlam pours soil into the hands of Hansen, Kim Hill, George Ernest Bray, Janet Zita Wallace and Marjorie regulated. Despite the allegations organisations/pagination/northern_territory_council_ 9 Also spelt as Coorey, Coorie. traditional land owner Vincent Lingiari, Foster. Further reading, http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase. of rampant child sexual abuse no 1 Further reading, http://archivescollection.anu.edu.au/index.php/wave-hill-station , AA346-4-22-1 Inverway for_aboriginal_rights 10 Further reading, http://www.kooriweb. Northern Territory 1975, 1975. org/Case/1041/Kruger-v-The-Commonwealth-of-Australia/ 2 Further reading, http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/first_australians/ Station Data Cards Images, R1317 Old Limbunya 7 Further reading on events subsequent to the 1975 org/foley/images/history/1970s/emb72/ Courtesy of the artist and Joseph 12 Further reading http://www.inquirysaac.nt.gov.au/pdf/bipacsa_final_ prosecutions have been brought down resistance/coniston_massacre#Footnote2 Jack Pingkiyarri Jurlama, 1954. Courtesy the handback, Ward, C., A handful of sand: the Gurindji embassyindex.html Lebovic Gallery, Sydney. © Mervyn report.pdf in the subsequent decade. Despite 3 Further reading, Meakins, F, and Charola, E (eds), Yijarni: true stories from South Australian Museum. struggle, after the walk-off (NewSouth Books, Monash Bishop/Department of the Prime 13 Further reading, http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/ widespread protests the intervention Gurindji country (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 2016) University Press, 2016) Minister and Cabinet. national/wave-hill was extended until 2022.12 5 May – 29 July 2017 PUBLIC PROGRAMS STILL IN MY MIND: GURINDJI LOCATION, EXPERIENCE AND VISUALITY

Still in my mind – collaboration: After the Walk-Off: reflections, A touring exhibition curated by Brenda L Croft from whose perspective and on dreams and actualities whose terms? Thursday 29 June, 5.30pm Friday 5 May, 11.30am This panel presents Indigenous and UNSW Galleries, Sydney Australia, 5 May – 29 July 2017 Visit the project website Inspired by the words of revered non-Indigenous speakers’ reflections on UQ Art Museum, Australia, 12 August – 29 October 2017 stillinmymind.org community whose connections ARTISTS ARCHIVES What is collaboration? This forum centres on Gurindji/Malngin leader Vincent echo her own, sharing ties as inter- and intra-cultural collaboration, which is the Gurindji Walk-Off from Wave Hill station – from the impact this profound act of Indigenous Lingiari, ‘that land... I still got it descendants of Gurindji Stolen a representational keystone of Still in my mind. Mervyn Bishop Ted Egan self-determination had on Australian society Generations. Representatives engaged in Still in my mind on my mind’, this exhibition fifty years ago, to assessing its relevance for Brenda L Croft Minoru Hokari discuss their distinct and interlinked roles in reflects upon events preceding Still in my mind provides an contemporary Indigenous rights activism. innovative account of events of Michael George ‘Nutwood’ Tulngayarri Japalyi Yuki Hokari Sim the creative-led aspects of this project. and subsequent to the Gurindji Chaired by Hetti Perkins historical and cultural significance Jimmy Wavehill Ngawanyja Japalyi Brian Manning Estate [or family] Chaired by Brenda L Croft Arrernte/Kalkadoon peoples Walk-Off, a seminal event in to all Australians and, specifically, Gurindji community member, artist, curator Dylan Miller Paulson Japangardi Hannah Middleton Independent curator and consultant Australian history that continues Gurindji and associated peoples and researcher – those still living on customary Leah Leaman Namija Lyn Riddett Brian Aarons to resonate half a century later. Leah Leaman Namija lands and those who are displaced Save the Gurindji campaign, Freedom Ride Rachael Morris Namitja Michael Terry Gurindji community member, artist knowledge – through the interconnected yet (1965) activist and Communist Party of holder and translator This nine-year act of self- distinct works of each of the artists. Pauline Ryan Kilngarri Namija Norman Barnett Tindale Australia member determination began in 1966 Felicity Meakins The exhibition encompasses Ena Oscar Majapula Nanaku when Lingiari led over 200 Rob Wesley Smith Professor Larissa Behrendt photo-media, video and Senior Research Fellow, School of Languages compatriots – men, women and Sarah Oscar Yanyjingali Nanaku Professor of Indigenous Research, Jumbunna performative installation, history Penny Smith and Cultures, University of children – walking off Wave Hill Institute, University of Technology Sydney paintings, works on paper, and Violet Wadrill Nanaku Indigenous Languages and Arts Station (Jinparrak) in the Northern Michael Paddy found and created objects. It is Lynda-June Coe, people Territory, thus igniting the national Connie Mosquito Ngarmeiye Nangala Art Gallery of Senior Cultural Officer, Kalkaringji Education supported by extensive personal Council, Gurindji community member and Fighting in Solidarity Towards Treaty land rights movement. Australian Broadcasting Corporation representative and public audio/visual archives Biddy Wavehill Yamawurr Nangala knowledge holder A retelling of this story from that metaphorically and literally Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Serena Donald Narrpingali Nimarra Penny Smith Dr Hannah Middleton diverse yet culturally interlinked reveal ways in which Gurindji Torres Strait Islander Studies Peace and Indigenous rights activist, author, Axel Poignant Manager, Karungkarni Art and Culture Gurindji and non-Indigenous community members maintain But now we want the land back: A History of Berndt Museum Aboriginal Corporation perspectives forms the basis of this cultural practices and kinship the Australian Aboriginal People, New Age collaborative project. Curator and connections to ensure that Croft family archives Maurie Ryan Japarta Publishers, Sydney, 1977 participating artist Brenda L Croft these histories endure. Indigenous rights activist, Gurindji community Karungkarni Art and Culture has undertaken comprehensive member, Chair of NT Stolen Generations Developed in partnership with Aboriginal Corporation practice-led research over many Aboriginal Corporation Karungkarni Art and Culture Violet Wadrill years, working with members of National Film and Sound Archive Aboriginal Corporation, National Violet Wadrill Nanaku, her patrilineal community in the House, Jinparrak, Institute for Experimental Arts, National Library of Australia Gurindji community member, senior knowledge Wave Hill/Victoria River region, 2013, screenprint Find Us Contact Us ARC Centre of Excellence for Acknowledgements holder, artist, director of Karungkarni Aboriginal on BFK Rives paper, with the support of Karungkarni Art South Australian Museum the Dynamics of Language Art and Culture Corporation 76 x 56cm. Courtesy UNSW Art & Design Telephone +61 (0) 2 8936 0888 and Culture Aboriginal Corporation. Still in my mind: Gurindji location, experience and visuality is generously Above: Pauline Ryan the artists and and UQ Art Museum. Northern Territory Archives Service Oxford Street Email [email protected] During this time she has also assisted by the Australian Government through the Australia Council, Kilingarri Namija, Milker Biddy Wavehill Karungkarni Art and Yard, 2015, acrylic on Culture Aboriginal (corner of Greens Road) www.artdesign.unsw.edu.au/unsw-galleries engaged closely with family and Curated by Brenda L Croft Northern Territory Library its arts funding and advisory body, and the Indigenous Languages Belgian linen, 99 x 99cm. Gurindji community member, senior knowledge Corporation. Paddington NSW 2021 and Arts Program. We thank these organisations for their support and Courtesy the artist and holder and artist, founding director of Karungkarni Connect to Us State Library of New South Wales Roxana Sherry. Australia foresight. The project has been developed in a partnership between Art and Culture Aboriginal Corporation Brenda L Croft, with Rob Nugent, UNSW Galleries, UQ Art Museum, and Karungkarni Art and Culture Visit Us facebook facebook.com/artdesignunsw Jimmy Wavehill still from Retrac(k)ing country Aboriginal Corporation, with support from an ARC Discovery Indigenous instagram @unswgalleries Cover: Brenda L Croft, Self-portrait on country, Wave Hill, 2014, and (s)kin, 2017, 2-channel Community member, Mudburra artist, founding Opening Hours detail from ‘Self-portraits on country, 2014’ installation, pigment video installation. Courtesy the Award, the National Institute for Experimental Arts, and the ARC Centre director of Karungkarni Art and Culture Tuesday to Saturday 10am to 5pm twitter artdesignunsw print on archival paper, 42 x 59.5cm. Courtesy of the artist, artist, Stills Gallery, Sydney and of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language. Stills Gallery, Sydney and Niagara Galleries, Melbourne. Niagara Galleries, Melbourne. Aboriginal Corporation Closed public holidays tumblr artdesignunsw.tumblr.com