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Hastighetsreduktion På Genomfartsleder, Genom Icke-Tvingande Åtgärder I Vägmiljön

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Hastighetsreduktion På Genomfartsleder, Genom Icke-Tvingande Åtgärder I Vägmiljön Hastighetsreduktion på genomfartsleder, genom icke-tvingande åtgärder i vägmiljön Ingela Sandberg Avdelningen för landskapsarkitektur Examensarbete vid landskapsarkitektprogrammet, Uppsala 2015 Förord Examensarbetet gjordes läsåret 2014/2015 under mitt avslutande år på Lanskapsarkitekt-programmet i Uppsala. Genom arbetet har jag fått upp ögonen för hur riskfylld vägmiljön kan vara för oskyddade trafikanter och hur bilisten traditionellt har prioriterats i det svenska trafiksäkerhetsarbetet. Jag har också sett modernare trender och strategier med fokus på just oskyddade trafikanters framkomlighet och säkerhet. Jag anser därmed att mitt arbete ligger rätt i tiden i och med att man nu, i planerandet av vägmiljöer, vill prioritera oskyddade trafikanter. Syftet med studien var att motivera bilister att hålla hastigheten på genomfartsleder i tätort. I arbetet presenteras tre olika vägavsnitt vilka utrustats med teoretiskt gångbara åtgärder i trafikmiljön för hastighetsreduktion utan tvång. De utvalda avsnitten är vägar som jag själv åkt på sedan jag var liten, övningskört på, bott längs med och använt för att ta mig från hemmet till universitetet i Uppsala. Studien är teoretiskt och därför bör läsaren upplysas om att de lösningar som presenteras inte har mätts i verklig miljö. Genom arbetet vill jag uppmuntra till vidare forskning och tester i såväl simulerad som verklig miljö där den motiverande utformningens inverkan på hastighetsvalet kan mätas. Jag vill tacka både min familj och vänner som stöttat och insprirerat mig samt de som korrekturläst. Tack också till Ulla Berglund som handlett arbetet och hjälpt mig i mål. Till sist ett stort tack till alla som ställt upp och svarat på mina frågor via mail, telefon och i intervjusammanhang. Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Fakulteten för naturresurser och jordbruksvetenskap Institutionen för stad och land, avdelningen för landskapsarkitektur, Uppsala Examensarbete för yrkesexamen på landskapsarkitektprogrammet EX0507 Självständigt arbete i landskapsplanering, 30 hp Nivå: Avancerad A2E © 2015 Ingela Sandberg, [email protected] Titel på svenska: Hastighetsreduktion på genomfartsleder, genom icke-tvingande åtgärder i vägmiljön Title in English: Speed reduction on thoroughfares, through non-compulsory measures in the road environment Handledare: Ulla Berglund, institutionen för stad och land Examinator: Petter Åkerblom, institutionen för stad och land Biträdande examinator: Camilio Calderon, institutionen för stad och land Omslagsbild: Genomfartsleden Stockholmsvägen i Täby kommun. Fotograf: författaren. Övriga foton och illustrationer: Författaren om inget annat anges. Samtliga bilder/foton/illustrationer och kartor har publicerats upphovsmannens tillstånd. Originalformat: A3 Nyckelord: hastighetsreduktion, genomfartsled, vägutformning, motivated speed reduction, urban thoroughfare, road landscape design Online publication of this work: http://epsilon.slu.se Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Theory Result Literature Study Summary Through a literature review of environmental psychology The literature study of motivational and unenforceable This study was conducted with the aim to reduce speeding theories that explain how an individuals’ personality speed measures were the following factors found to on thoroughfares in residential areas through non forcing affected the environment and how the environment affects contribute to reduced speed level: Strenuous motorist task; measurements in the road environment. The purpose of the the individual were studied. Giffords (2008) “script theory” Designs custum to traffic and speed; The road’s function study was formulated: To conduct design proposals for road explain how people follow certain patterns and behaviors reflected by buildings; Road function anchored in history; environments on thoroughfares in urban areas to motivate (scripts) in different places and contexts but that not Landmarks, More disturbance, More pedestrians and motorists to reduce their speed and thus increase road everyone follows the script. He also declare that cyclists; More traffic; More heavy traffic; Assign safety for vulnerable road users. individuals within “stimuli theory” is considered to be responsibility for road users; Narrow roads; Meeting; influenced by various stimuli such as how meaningful the Priority of pedestrian traffic; Consecutive objects along the The study was given the headline: Speed reduction on Figure A1, The risks accom- creation of places affect the individual’s interpretation of the road; Plantations; Dense areas; Poor visibility; Curvy roads; thoroughfares, through non-compulsory measures in the panied by speed is difficult to environment. In addition, he mentions how the behavior of Acoustic warnings; Perceptual measures; Different coating road environment. perceive in real traffic situa- groups can be shaped by the context as well as how material; Reduced driving comfort for speeders; “Miljö- tions. A collision at 30 km/h theories of control focuses on individuals sense of territory prioritering” - environmental priority of the road; Speeding The task question was formulated: How can trafik safe corresponds to the violence and autonomy. mesures - bumps, lateral displacement; Electronic speed thoroughfares be portrayed to motivate motorists the body is exposed to when bumps; Signposted recommended speed; Beautiful and falling from the first floor, traveling on thoroughfares in suburban settings to reduce Within Swedish Environmental Psychology Küller (2005) challenging road environments. 50 km/h - fall from the third their speed? Below the work is presented through an floor, 70 km/h - fall from the discusses the impact of color and light on the individual’s problem oriented introduction, explanation of the methods the sixth floor and 90 km/h level of wakefulness. He believes that more mistakes oc- Description Locations used to answer the stated task-question fall from the tenth floor. cur at night as the lack of light leave the individual is less All routes are passing through or along residential areas alert. Blue-gray color also reduces alertness according to and are lined with noise barriers and high vegetation. Below the problem orientation of thoroughfares in him while hot and strong colors have an activating function. Stockholmsvägen in Vallentuna municipality has several residential areas are presented along with an explanation of However, he points out that warm bright colors in chaotic speed-assured transition points in plane, Vallentunavägen in the selections made in the study. Then the theories which Gunnar Lagerkvist (2000) points out that traffic traditionally patterns can cause stress which also leads to more mistakes. Upplands Väsby municipality is completely separated from hold the studies thematic orientation is presented. This is since the fifties has focused on the motorist’s accessibility unprotected road users while Edsbergsvägen in Danderyd followed by an presentation of the methods used to answer and traffic safety. He therefore emphasizes that vulnerable Drottenborg (2004) believes that road designers should take municipality has partly traffic separated solutions and partly the task question along with the results found within each road users should be prioritized to achieve the Govern- equal account of the design, aesthetics and beauty and the pedestrian crossings in plane. method. Then the analysis is presented followed by the ment’s requirements for increased pedestrian and bicycle technical requirements when roads are built. She mentions design proposals conducted within the study. Finally the traffic. Such a priority shift is visible in Vallentuna Municipal- the tool “self-explaining roads” as a possible approach. Result Interviews studies components are discussed along with suggestions of ity’s traffic strategy which give the highest priority to the Theeuwes and Gothelp (1995) describes “self-explaining Through the interviews with architect Mats Broman and new research areas and personal findings. vulnerable road users (see Vallentuna kommun 2013). roads” as road environments which correspond to the landscape architect Peter Kankis at the Transport motorist’s expectations of the road. The authors believe Administration following speed measurements emerged: Introduction Several studies as well as several traffic experts consider the that individuals with experience acquire mental images of Narrow roads; Roads without traffic islands; Urban design; As it is biologically difficult for humans to estimate the risks road environment to have effects on the motorist’s speed how different types of roads are built up of road-specific Avenue/interruption/fibrillation; Common areas for accompanied by speed (Trafikverket 2014a) along with choice. Thus is my thesis that thoroughfares in urban areas properties. The mental images then create expectations of different modes of transport/demand increased attention/ the motorist experience of high degree self-control when can be designed to motivate motorists driving on the roads when in time and space, these properties should appear. uncertainty factors; Pleasant rhythm/undulation; Organic driving (Enander 2005, pp. 283-285) the risks in traffic are to reduce their speed. With the ongoing adjustment of In the handbook “Rätt fart i staden” - “right momentum in elements/beautiful; Signs; Visually tapered road areas underestimated. Thus individuals think of walking along a speed limits and the changing priority Lagerqvist address I the city” by Sveriges kommuner och landsting,
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