DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular Karyotypes of Loquat (Eriobotrya

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molecular Karyotypes of Loquat (Eriobotrya Wen et al. Plant Methods (2020) 16:22 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-020-00568-7 Plant Methods METHODOLOGY Open Access Molecular karyotypes of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) aneuploids can be detected by using SSR markers combined with quantitative PCR irrespective of heterozygosity Guo Wen† , Jiangbo Dang† , Zhongyi Xie , Jinying Wang, Pengfei Jiang, Qigao Guo and Guolu Liang* Abstract Background: Aneuploidy, a condition caused by an imbalance between the relative dosages of chromosomes, generally produces a novel phenotype specifc to the molecular karyotype. Few techniques are currently available for detecting the molecular karyotypes of aneuploids in plants. Results: Based on this imbalance in chromosome dosage, a new approach (referred to as ‘SSR-qPCR’) combining sim- ple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) has been developed and utilized to detect some common aneuploids irrespective of heterozygosity. We screened 17 specifc SSR markers covering all loquat linkage groups and redesigned 6 pairs of primers for SSR markers that can detect loquat chromosome aneuploidies. The SSR-qPCR detection results obtained for hybrid progeny and open-pollination progeny of triploid loquat showed diagnostic accuracies of 88.9% and 62.5%, respectively, compared with the chromosome preparation results. Conclusion: SSR-qPCR can detect loquat aneuploids and be used to construct the entire molecular karyotypes of aneuploid individuals. Therefore, this method ofers a novel alternative for the detection of chromosome aneuploidies. Keywords: Loquat, Aneuploidy, SSR markers, qPCR, Molecular karyotype Background that certain traits are strongly associated with the dos- Aneuploidy can result in partial genome duplication, ages of specifc chromosome types and that chromo- which involves the imbalance between the relative dos- somal efects can be additive in Arabidopsis thaliana. ages of chromosomes [1]. Aneuploidy is usually lethal Some aneuploids are useful for crop production. Guava, in plants [2–4], and the surviving individuals frequently pear and loquat aneuploids have been studied in rela- exhibit novel phenotypic traits specifc to the molecular tion to rootstock selection for dwarfng [5–9]. Moreover, karyotypes. Each of the 12 Datura trisomies results in a aneuploidy in plants is associated with some unique and diferent phenotype, depending on which type of chro- desirable traits, such as multiple petals, male sterility, tol- mosome has trisomy [2]. Henry et al. [1] demonstrated erance of cold or drought or resistance to disease [10–12]. Terefore, research on aneuploidy is of great signifcance *Correspondence: [email protected] for crop production. Te identifcation of aneuploids and †Guo Wen and Jiangbo Dang contributed equally to this work the construction of their complete molecular karyotypes College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science are fundamental and crucial for such research. for Southern Mountain Regions of Ministry of Education; State Cultivation Many techniques have been widely used for the Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest detection of chromosome copy number changes in University, Beibei, Chongqing, China aneuploid individuals. Te unquestionable and unique © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creat iveco mmons .org/publi cdoma in/ zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Wen et al. Plant Methods (2020) 16:22 Page 2 of 16 merit of classic cytogenetics and fuorescence in situ irrespective of heterozygosity. Notably, with the publi- hybridization (FISH) is their abilities to produce com- cation of the genome sequences of major crops, more plete karyotypes and reveal balanced major rearrange- SSR markers have become available. ments; however, these techniques are time consuming Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Tunb.) Lindl.) originated and labour intensive [13]. Flow cytometry does not in Southwest China, and among the 20 species belonging accurately detect aneuploidy, but simple sequence to the genus Eriobotrya, only loquat is used for commer- repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism cial fruit production [23, 24]. Many triploid lines that can (SNP) markers are advantageous for the reliable iden- be derived from unreduced gametes have been selected tifcation of aneuploidy [14]. Many recently developed from progeny of diploid germplasms [25], and some ane- DNA-based methods are faster, less expensive and uploid plants can be derived from triploids [1, 4]. Tese achieve a higher resolution compared with the previ- aneuploid loquat plants are useful for research on the ously available methods. Quantitative fuorescent pol- efects of chromosome dosage on the genomic expression ymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) is widely applied in and phenotypes of plants. At present, the whole molecu- humans for the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy of chro- lar karyotype of aneuploid loquat is helpful for genomics- mosomes 21, 18, 13, X, and Y [15, 16]. SNP arrays have based research. been used as high-throughput genotyping tools for In this study, we found, for the frst time, that a com- polyploid wheat, potato, sugarcane, and strawberry bination of SSR markers and qPCR (SSR-qPCR) can be crops [17]. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain used to construct the entire molecular karyotypes of reaction (qPCR) has also been used for detection of the aneuploid individuals of E. japonica. Tis approach does trisomy of chromosomes 21 (Down syndrome) and 11 not require large numbers of SSR markers or multiple [18]. qPCR, due to its specifcity, sensitivity and repli- types of fuorescent markers. In addition, this DNA- cability, is widely used for gene expression analysis and based qPCR method does not require additional refer- is one of the most reliable tools for the detection of ence genes, and SSR markers in 17 LGs can be selected nucleic acid sequence copy numbers [13, 19]. However, as cross-references. Te approach is also not restricted the application of qPCR for the detection of aneuploid to heterozygous genotypes. Moreover, SSR-qPCR allows plant molecular karyotypes has rarely been reported. the construction of molecular karyotypes without whole- Previously, aneuploid and polyploid A. thaliana have genome sequence data, and then validated in the of- been detected by measurement of the relative allelic spring populations of triploid lines, and more than 88% ratios of the heterozygous genotype [3]. Te details of of the ofspring of triploids were found to be aneuploid. polyploidization have been described in Malus, with Tese data will be critical for the development of molecu- particular emphasis on aneuploidy, via detection of the lar tools and strategies for loquat breeding programmes. types of heterozygous genotypes and the corresponding frequencies of occurrence [12]. Both of these methods are limited to heterozygous genotypes; in particular, Methods the detection of the occurrence frequencies of het- Plant material erozygous genotypes using statistical methods requires Twenty-three loquat lines with diferent ploidies were large numbers of codominant SSR markers. Similarly, used as the materials in this study (Table 1): 2 Sichuan high-resolution melting (HRM) and multiplex liga- Province cultivars (‘Dawuxing’ and ‘Longquan No. 1’), 2 tion-dependent probe amplifcation (MLPA) are also Zhejiang Province cultivars (‘Ruantiaobaisha’ and ‘Ning- limited to heterozygous genotypes. SSR markers are haibai’), 1 Fujian Province cultivar (‘Changbai No. 1’) randomly distributed throughout the plant genome and 18 excellent strains selected at Southwest University and are reproducible, codominant, and transferable (A313, A322, B350, B352, B353, B356, B431, B456, B460, [20]. Microsatellite markers have been widely used in B432, ‘Wuheguoyu’, H424, H39, 77-1, K474, ‘Huabai No. genetic and paternal studies [21, 22], but they are rarely 1’, Q24 and ‘Huayuwuhe No. 1’). All of these lines were used in molecular karyotypic studies. Codominant obtained from the polyploid loquat germplasm resource markers can be amplifed from allelic loci simultane- nursery at Southwest University, Chongqing, China. In ously by qPCR. When allelic loci are homozygous, the addition, to produce aneuploid strains, we performed ratios between markers from diferent loci are constant hybridization of Q24 (3x) × ‘Huabai No. 1’ (2x), and we between euploids. If there are appropriate SSR mark- selected some hybrids and elucidated their genetic rela- ers in each linkage group (LG) used for qPCR, accurate tionships
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Desirable Plant List
    Carpinteria-Summerland Fire Protection District High Fire Hazard Area Desirable Plant List Desirable Qualities for Landscape Plants within Carpinteria/Summerland High Fire Hazard areas • Ability to store water in leaves or • Ability to withstand drought. stems. • Prostrate or prone in form. • Produces limited dead and fine • Ability to withstand severe pruning. material. • Low levels of volatile oils or resins. • Extensive root systems for controlling erosion. • Ability to resprout after a fire. • High levels of salt or other compounds within its issues that can contribute to fire resistance. PLANT LIST LEGEND Geographical Area ......... ............. Water Needs..... ............. Evergreen/Deciduous C-Coastal ............. ............. H-High . ............. ............. E-Evergreen IV-Interior Valley ............. ............. M-Moderate....... ............. D-Deciduous D-Deserts ............. ............. L-Low... ............. ............. E/D-Partly or ............. ............. VL -Very Low .... ............. Summer Deciduous Comment Code 1 Not for use in coastal areas......... ............ 13 ........ Tends to be short lived. 2 Should not be used on steep slopes........ 14 ........ High fire resistance. 3 May be damaged by frost. .......... ............ 15 ........ Dead fronds or leaves need to be 4 Should be thinned bi-annually to ............ ............. removed to maintain fire safety. remove dead or unwanted growth. .......... 16 ........ Tolerant of heavy pruning. 5 Good for erosion control. ............. ...........
    [Show full text]
  • Ash Whitefly, Siphoninus Phillyreae
    DACS-P-01744 Pest Alert created 15-September-2010 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Charles H. Bronson, Commissioner of Agriculture Ash Whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday), a New Exotic Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Central Florida, and Encarsia inaron, its parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Ian C. Stocks, [email protected], Biological Scientist IV, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Greg Hodges, [email protected], Bureau Chief - Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry INTRODUCTION: In May 2010, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry (FDACS-DPI) staff were alerted to the possible presence of ash whitefly at Lake Buena Vista (Fig. 1). A subsequent inspection of containerized pomegranate trees (Punica granatum) revealed a moderate infestation of the ash whitefly on several trees. In early September 2010, DPI Entomologist Dr. Susan Halbert collected specimens from a pomegranate at a private residence in Panama City, Florida. This species had not previously been collected in Florida, although concern of its possible introduction and impact prompted DPI staff in 1990 to prepare an entomology circular (No. 337) and fact sheet (EENY-147) that presented photographs, a description and a discussion of its biology and potential agricultural and horticultural impact (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN30400.pdf). Ash whitefly was first detected in the continental United States California in LosAngeles County, California, in 1988, and was later found in Nevada, New Mexico and Arizona. An extensive infestation of ash whitefly on Bradford pears (Pyrus calleryana) was found in Raleigh, North Carolina in 1993 (Hackney et al., 1997), and it has been reported from Texas, South Carolina and Georgia (McDonald et al., 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Forest Management Plan
    CITY OF EL CERRITO URBAN FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN City of El Cerrito Urban Forest Management Plan May 2007 Prepared for: City of El Cerrito Parks and Recreation Department Monica Kortz Jerry Bradshaw Bruce King Prepared by: Vallier Design Associates, Inc. 210 Washington Avenue, Suite G Point Richmond, California 94801 MacNair & Associates P. O. Box 1150 Glen Ellen, California 95442 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.........Executive Summary 9.........Introduction 11........Benefi ts of a Successful Urban Forest Creating a Sense of Place Balancing Environmental Impacts Economic Vitality 17......Elements of a Successful Urban Forest Intelligent Planning and Management Community and Government Commitment Consistent and Suffi cient Funding Excellent Maintenance 19......Strategies for a Successful Urban Forest Existing Conditions Goals and Strategies 25......Street Tree Inventory Analysis Findings 31......Street Tree Recommendations 33......Appendix 01: Tree Selection & Care Guidelines 37......Appendix 02: Tree List A 59......Appendix 03: Tree List B 67......Appendix 04: Tree List C 73....Appendix 05: Tree List D 99....Appendix 06: Tree List E 101....Appendix 07: Tree List F 109....Appendix 08: Urban Forestry Software 111....Appendix 09: References EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Urban forests grown without foresight or planning can This plan outlines the social, environmental, and create high maintenance requirements and cost burdens. economic benefi ts that a vital urban forest is expected A well-managed urban forest, however, is economically and to provide and establishes these benefi ts as the standard environmentally sustainable and a highly-visible source of of performance for the City of El Cerrito’s urban forest. community pride. In order to meet this standard the City’s urban forestry effort The informational basis of the Urban Forestry Ordinances: must provide: intelligent planning Urban Forest Management Plan · Require a minimum of 50% and management, community are two inventories of trees within canopy cover at maturity in new and government commitment, the City of El Cerrito.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Inventory and Analysis National Urban Fia Plot Field Guide
    FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS NATIONAL URBAN FIA PLOT FIELD GUIDE FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR URBAN FIA PLOTS Southern Research Station Version 7.2.1 FOREST SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE April 2018 National Urban FIA Plot Field Guide, Version 7.2.1 SRS Edition April 2018 Note to User: URBAN FIA Field Guide 7.2.1 is based on the National CORE Field Guide, Version 7.2; with the exception of Section 5.9, Section 5.9.2, and Appendix 6, which are based on the National CORE Field Guide, Version 8.0. Data elements are national CORE unless indicated as follows: National CORE data elements that end in “+U” (e.g., x.x+U) have had values, codes, or text added, changed, or adjusted from the CORE program. Any additional URBAN FIA text for a national CORE data element is hi-lighted or shown as an "Urban Note". All URBAN FIA data elements end in “U” (e.g., x.xU). The text for an URBAN FIA data element is not hi- lighted and does not have a corresponding variable in CORE. URBAN FIA electronic file notes: o national CORE data elements that are not applicable in URBAN FIA are formatted as light gray or light gray hidden text. o hyperlink cross-references are included for various sections, figures, and tables. *National CORE data elements retain their national CORE field guide data element/variable number but may not retain their national CORE field guide location or sequence within the guide. 1 National Urban FIA Plot Field Guide, Version 7.2.1 SRS Edition April 2018 CHANGES FROM THE URBAN FIA PLOT FIELD GUIDE VERSION 7.2 TO 7.2.1 - ABRIDGED .........
    [Show full text]
  • Host Range of Fusarium Dieback and Its Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) Vector in Southern California
    e-Xtra* Host Range of Fusarium Dieback and Its Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) Vector in Southern California Akif Eskalen, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Richard Stouthamer, Department of Entomology, Shannon Colleen Lynch, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, and Center for Conservation Biology, Paul F. Rugman-Jones, Department of Entomology, and Mathias Twizeyimana and Alex Gonzalez, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of Califor- nia, Riverside, 92521; and Tim Thibault, Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, San Marino 91108 Abstract Eskalen, A., Stouthamer, R., Lynch, S. C., Twizeyimana, M., Gonzalez, A., and Thibault, T. 2013. Host range of Fusarium dieback and its ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) vector in southern California. Plant Dis. 97:938-951. The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) is an invasive ambrosia bee- with attack by PSHB. The Fusarium sp. was recovered from 54% of tle that forms a symbiosis with a new, as-yet-undescribed Fusarium the plant species attacked by PSHB, indicated by the presence of the sp., together causing Fusarium dieback on avocado and other host Fusarium sp. at least at the site of the entry hole. Trees attacked by plants in California and Israel. In California, PSHB was first reported PSHB included 11 species of California natives, 13 agriculturally im- on black locust in 2003 but there were no records of fungal damage portant species, and many common street trees. Survey results also until 2012, when a Fusarium sp. was recovered from the tissues of revealed 19 tree species that function as reproductive hosts for PSHB. several backyard avocado trees infested with PSHB in Los Angeles Additionally, approximately a quarter of all tree individuals planted County.
    [Show full text]
  • Approved Plant List Revised 11-07-2011
    Town of Sahuarita, Arizona - Approved Plant List Revised 11-07-2011 WATER FLOWER BLOOM PLANT GROWING ALLER- SPREADS COLD USE BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME COLOR SEASON TYPE HEIGHT WIDTH SEASON TOXIC? GENIC? INVASIVE? W/ WATER HARDINESS ORIGIN Semi- White, Summer to Evergreen 20 China - 3 Abelia grandiflora Glossy Abelia Tinged Pink Early Fall Shrub 8' 5' Summer degrees F Hybrid Semi- Abelia grandiflora Prostate Abelia & other White, Summer to Evergreen 1.5' to 3' to 20 China - 3 'Prostrata' & al. cvs. cultivars Tinged Pink Early Fall Shrub 2' 4' Summer degrees F Hybrid Evergreen 25 Sonoran 2 Abutilon palmeri Indian Mallow Apricot Summer Shrub 3' 4' Summer degrees F Desert Evergreen 15 2 Acacia aneura Mulga Yellow Spring Tree 18' 18' Summer Weakly degrees F Australia Late Spring to Deciduous Mid Sonoran 2 Acacia angustissima White Ball Acacia White Late Summer Shrub 5' 5' Summer Weakly 20s F Desert Semi- Evergreen 15 Chihuahuan 3 Acacia berlandieri Guajillo White Summer Tree 15' 15' Summer Weakly degrees F Desert Sonoran & Whitethorn, Spring to Decidous (-)10 Chihuahuan 1 Acacia constricta Mescat Acacia Yellow Summer Tree 10' 15' Summer Weakly Yes Yes degrees F Deserts Spring to Evergreen 20 1 Acacia crasspedocarpa Waxleaf Acacia Yellow Summer Tree, Shrub 10' 15' Summer Weakly degrees F Australia Evergreen 20 2 Acacia cultriformis Knife-Leaf Acacia Yellow Spring Tree, Shrub 25' 15' Summer Weakly degrees F Australia Sonoran & Acacia farnesiana Southwestern Sweet Evergreen 10 Chihuahuan 3 (smalli) Acacia Yellow Spring Tree, Shrub 25' 25' Summer
    [Show full text]
  • Fire, Plants, Defensible Space And
    County of San Diego, Department of Planning and Land Use Providing enough fire protection for rural areas of San Diego County has become difficult. This is due to the large number of residents who are moving to the rural areas of the County and the increasing amounts of brush, weeds and other vegetation that provide fuel for wildfires and cause them to burn hotter. While its important to protect the wild native vegetation in the County’s rural areas it’s also important to take steps for adequate fire protection for structures. Legally clearing vegetation protects the other wild native plants and at the same time eliminates the fire hazards. During the October 2003 Firestorms, it was painfully evident that there was insufficient “Defensible Space” on many properties which led to destroyed homes and other structures. As a result, San Diego County has amended an ordinance to require residents to keep their property free of fire hazards that include certain vegetation, green waste and rubbish. Residents can comply with these ordinances by creating a “Defensible Space” and taking other preventative steps on their property. WHAT IS DEFENSIBLE SPACE? This is the area around a structure where combustible vegetation, that can cause fire, has been cleared, reduced or replaced. This space acts as a barrier between an advancing fire and a structure. HOW DO I CLEAR LEGALLY? Combustible vegetation can only be removed by mowing, cutting and grazing as long as the root structure is left intact. Any trees you remove shall have the stumps cut no higher than 8” above the ground.
    [Show full text]
  • Lausd Approved Plant List 2012 Trees
    LAUSD APPROVED PLANT LIST 2012 TREES CA Botanical Name Common Name Native Notes Tolerates seasonal flooding. Mature trees create heavy litter. Light shade. Highly allergenic, use Acacia stenophylla Shoestring acacia sparingly. Acer macrophyllum Big leaf maple x High water use. See Bioswale list. Afrocarpus gracilior (Podocarpus gracilior) Fern pine Agonis flexuosa Peppermint tree Agonis flexuosa 'Jervis Bay After After Dark peppermint Dark' tree Dark purple leaves and red stems. Albizzia julibrissin Silk tree Not as good near the coast. Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping she-oak, Coast (Casuarina stricta) beefwood Highly allergenic, use sparingly. Alnus rhombifolia White alder x High water use. See Bioswale list. Arbutus 'Marina' Marina strawberry tree Arbutus unedo Strawberry tree Bauhinia blakeana Hong Kong orchid tree Bauhinia variegata (purpurea) Purple orchid tree Brachychiton acerifolius Australian flame tree Brachychiton rupestris Narrow-leaf bottle tree Very wide bottle shaped trunk. Callistemon viminalis Weeping bottle brush Calocedrus decurrens Incense cedar x Cassia leptophylla Gold medallion tree Casuarina cunninghamiana River she-oak Highly allergenic, use sparingly. Catalpa bignonioides Common catalpa Good for lawns. Catalpa speciosa Western catalpa Good for lawns. Cedrus atlantica Atlas cedar Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca’ Blue atlas cedar Cedrus deodara Deodar cedar Cedrus libani Cedar of Lebanon Small fruits feed native birds Western or Net-leaf through winter. Can be limbed up Celtis reticulata hackberry x for tree form. TREES CA Botanical Name Common Name Native Notes Male trees are high allergen producers. Females produce edible Ceratonia siliqua Carob tree pods. Site appropriately. Cercis occidentalis Western redbud x Desert willow (e.g. Burgundy Lace, Warren Jones evergreen desert Chilopsis linearis and cultivars willow) x Does better away from the coast.
    [Show full text]
  • City of Norco
    City of Norco Urban Forest Specifications and Standards Department of Public Works Updated: March 21, 2018 City of Norco Department of Public Works Urban Forest Specifications and Standards Table of Contents 1. Intent and purpose. 2. Definitions. 3. General provisions--Installation and maintenance. 4. Planting of trees, removal, and replacement. 5. Tree installation standards. 6. Installation. 7. Staking and tying of trees. 8. Trimming and pruning of trees. 9. Watering of trees after installation. 10. Maintenance and guarantee of trees. 11. Tree Specimen Listings (Citywide and SCE areas) 1. Intent and purpose. The City recognizes the economic, environmental and aesthetic importance of the trees and plantings within the community. It shall be the City's policy to uti- lize applicable techniques, methods and procedures required to preserve, when feasible, all trees and plantings on City property. This chapter is part of a com- prehensive plan developed in the best interest of the Norco community to regu- late the planting and maintenance of trees in or adjacent to streets and within easements, in rights-of-way and other public places within the City, to provide for orderly development and protection of public facilities, and to regulate the removal of trees that contribute significantly to the value of land, preservation of resources, and quality of life in the City of Norco. The purpose of this section is to assure that a single tree species on any given street will be planted, maintained, trimmed, and replaced if damaged, in a uni- form manner to develop a consistent and formal streetscape, providing a cano- py effect appropriate to the nature of development adjacent to the street.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Guide and Introduction (PDF)
    INTRODUCTION June 20, 2012 The purpose of this guide is to serve as a supplement to the City of Murrieta Municipal Code, Site Planning and General Development Standards, Article III, Title 16.28. The guide is designed to assist landscape architects, contractors and planners in the proper selection of plant materials for landscaping taking into consideration the principle of hydro-zoning and Murrieta's unique climate. Murrieta's climate zone, according to the Sunset Western Garden Book, is zone 18. However, numerous microclimates exist within zone 18 making, in certain cases, some plants listed in the guide risky. In other microclimates, many plants, which are not listed, may prove successful. In general, the warmer areas of the city tend to be in northern Murrieta and west of the Rancho Santa Rosa boundary. The colder areas tend to be associated with "Old Town" and those locations directly west of the 15 Freeway. In WUCOLS, Murrieta is considered Region 4 - Inland Valley for water usage purposes. Page 1 of 10 TREES BOTANICAL NAME Common Name Low Water Use (1-3 inches of water required per month) ACACIA BAILEYANA QUERCUS AGRIFOLIA Bailey Acacia Coast Live Oak ACACIA STENOPHYLLA QUERCUS ENGELMANNII Shoestring Acacia Mesa Oak AESCULUS CALIFORNICA QUERCUS ILEX California Buckeye Holly Oak ARBUTUS UNEDO QUERCUS SUBER Strawberry Tree Cork Oak BRACHYCHITON POPULNEUS RHUS LANCEA Bottle Tree African Sumac CALLISTEMON CITRINUS ROBINIA AMBIGUA ‘PURPLE ROBE’ Lemon Bottlebrush Idaho Locust CERATONIA SILIQUA SCHINUS MOLLE Carob Tree California Pepper
    [Show full text]
  • California Native Plant List
    CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT LIST Sustaining Native Contributors Plant Communities California NaƟve Plant Society bewaterwise.com Armstrong Garden Centers Theodore Payne County of San Diego SUGGESTED PLANT LIST FOR A DEFENSIBLE SPACE BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME Climate Zone TREES Acer platanoides Norway Maple M rubrum Red Maple M saccharinum Silver Maple M saccarum Sugar Maple M macrophyllum Big Leaf Maple C/ (R) Alnus rhombifolia White Alder C/I/M (R) Arbutus unedo Strawberry Tree All zones Archontophoenix cunninghamiana King Palm C Arctostaphylos spp.** Manzanita C/I/D Brahea armata Blue Hesper Palm C/D edulis Guadalupe Palm C/D Ceratonia siliqua Carob C/I/D Cerdidium floridum Blue Palo Verde D Cercis occidentalis** Western Redbud C/I/M Cornus nuttallii Mountain Dogwood I/M stolonifera Redtwig Dogwood I/M Eriobotrya C/I/D japonica Loquat C Erythrina caffra Kaffirboom Coral Tree I/M Gingko biloba "Fairmount" Fairmount Maidenhair Tree I/D/M Gleditisia triacanthos Honey Locust Juglans I californica California Walnut C/I hindsii California Black Walnut I/D/M Lagerstroemia indica Crape Myrtle I Ligustrum lucidum Glossy Privet C/I/M Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum I Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree Lyonothamnus floribundus C ssp. Asplenifolius Fernleaf Catalina Ironwood C/I/D Melaleuca spp. Melaleuca C/I Parkinsonia aculeate Mexican Palo Verde Pistacia Chinese Pistache chinensis Pistachio Nut C/I/D vera Pistachio Nut I Pittosporum phillyraeoides Willow Pittosporum C/I/D viridiflorum Cape Pittosporum C/I Platanus acerifolia London Plane Tree
    [Show full text]
  • Suggested Landscape Trees for Tulare & Kings Counties
    SUGGESTED LANDSCAPE TREES FOR TULARE & KINGS COUNTIES Master Gardeners of Tulare & Kings Counties University of California Cooperative Extension The UC Master Gardeners offer free information on gardening. Tulare: (559) 685-3309 ext. 225 Hanford: (559) 582-3211 ext. 2736 Visit our website: http://cetulare.ucdavis.edu Landscape Trees for Tulare & Kings Counties* Suggested by Master Gardeners of Tulare & Kings Counties DECIDUOUS TREES Small – up to 20’ height Medium – 20 to 40’ height Japanese Maple........................................................... Acer palmatum ............... 3 Shantung, Purpleblow Maple............................................Acer truncatum ..........4 Redbud Eastern Redbud........................... Cercis canadensis texensis ‘Oklahoma’ ..........4 Western Redbud.. ............................................. Cercis occidentalis ............... 3 Desert Willow, Desert Catalpa.......................................Chilopsis linearis ..........4 Mexican Redbud.. Cercis Canadensis ‘Mexicana’ or Cercis mexicana .......... 3 American Smoke Tree ................................................... Cotinus obovatus ..........5 Chinese Fringe.......................................................... Chionanthus retusus .......... 3 Goldenrain Tree ...................................................Koelreuteria paniculata ..........5 Crape Myrtle............................................................Lagerstroemia indica .......... 3 Chinese Flame Tree.............................................. Koelreuteria
    [Show full text]