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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19449-5 - Homer between History and Fiction in Imperial Greek Literature Lawrence Kim Index More information

Index

Achilles, see Homeric characters Charybdis, see Homeric characters Acusilaus of Argos 28–9, 112 Cicero, De partitione oratoria 106 Aelian, Varia historia Circe, see Homeric characters 13.22 on Galaton 16 Corinnus of Ilium 178–9, 207 13.22 on Homereia 8, 9 Crates of Mallus 8, 48 11.2 on pre-Homeric epic 179 dating of Homer 25 Aeolus, see Homeric characters Ctesias of Cnidus 63–4, 142, 144, 145–6, 148–50 Aethra, see Homeric characters Cyclopes, see Homeric characters Agamemnon, see Homeric characters Cynics 91, 98 ainittesthai/ainigma 36–7, 72, 75, 83–4, 98 allegorical interpretation, see Homeric poetry Dares of Phrygia 15–16, 18, 179–81, 186, 188–9 Antiphanes of Berga 147–8 Demetrius of Scepsis 48, 50 Antisthenes of Athens 6, 36 Dictys of Crete 15–16, 18, 179–81, 186, 188–9 Antonius Diogenes, The Wonders Beyond Thule didaskalia, see instruction 141 Dio Chrysostom Apion 163 Cynicism 118 Apollodorus of Athens 48, 50 Homer, general treatment of 86 Archelaus of Priene, Apotheosis of Homer 8 dating of 132–3 Aristarchus of Samothrace 8, 55, 164, 194 Lies, deﬁnition of 95–7 heroic simplicity, on 27 Oration 294 HomerasAthenian 8, 9 Oration 7 (Euboean) 181, 197–8 Homer, dating of 25–6 Oration 11 (Trojan) HomerfromHomer 85 audience 93 Homer’s knowledge of Ethiopia 53 ﬁctionality 103–4, 108–12, 137–9 ‘Separatists’ (Chorizontes), vs. 166 Herodotus, allusion to 122–3 Aristides, Aelius Oration 52 18 Homer, defense of 135–8 Aristodemus of Nysa 82, 166 Persian Wars 136–7 Aristotle 27 purpose 88–90, 136–9 Homer, as evidence of heroic age 26, 27 refutation/anaskeue,as 116–18, 128–30 Homer, dating of 26 Rome, attitude toward 88–9, 137 Homeric Problems 7, 120 scholarship on 88–90 Poetics 30, 115, 117, 121 Thucydides, reference to 133–4 Arrian, Periplus 23.4195 Oration 18.85 Athenaeus, Deipnosophists 11–12, 27 Oration 36 (Borystheniticus) 93–5, 109, autopsy/eyewitness testimony 31, 144, 147–8, 197–9 185–9, 199–202 Oration 47 97 Oration 53.6–8 (On Homer) 5 Calypso, see Homeric characters Oration 60 (Nessus) 117–18 Castor and Pollux, see Homeric characters Strabo, comparison with 92, 135–6 Cephalon of Gergis/Gergitha 110 Diodorus Siculus 4.123 charizesthai 2, 97, 131–3, 209 Dionysius of Halicarnassus 25, 27, 84

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19449-5 - Homer between History and Fiction in Imperial Greek Literature Lawrence Kim Index More information

240 Index

Ps.-Dionysius of Halicarnassus, On Figured relics of 17–18, 22, 39 Speeches B 11 simple/primitive nature of 27 Dionysius Scytobrachion 110, 155 Hesiod 95 doxa 90–3, 133 contest with Homer 167, 168–9, 207 on Odysseus’ wanderings 57 Egyptian priest(s), as literary device Homer Dio, Or. 11 103–4, 108–12, 113, 123, 189 biographical tradition, see Lives of Homer Herodotus 31–2, 123, 189 birthplace, debates over 164–8 eikos 24, 32–3, 43, 115, 117–18, 119, 128–30, blindness 164 177–8 dating of, ancient 25–6, 39–40, 55, 132–3, 207 Ephorus of Cyme 23, 166 ethnic identity and origin 164–8 Ethiopians, explanation of 53–4 Athenian 8, 9 myth and history, blends 64 Babylonian 164–7 Eratosthenes of Cyrene 50, 56–60 Egyptian 166–7 poet aims at entertainment, not instruction Roman 166 56, 61 Syrian 166 Homer as ‘fictionalizer’ 57–60 exaggerates historical reality 41, 78, 132–3, Homer as historian 57 209 Eudoxus of Cyzicus 147–8 fictionalizes/invents 57–60, 154–5, 173–4, 178, Euhemerus of Messene 111, 147–8, 155 202 Eustathius 19, 70, 116, 119 gods, depiction of 25, 98–100, 140–1 eyewitness testimony, see autopsy Greekness, symbol of 7, 8, 9–10, 12–13, 93–5, 182 Gorgias, Helen 85–6, 91–2 ‘hints’ at the historical truth 33–7, 43–4, 72, Greekness, Homer as symbol of 7, 8, 9–10, 73–4, 75, 78, 79–80, 121–2 12–13, 81–4, 93–5 image of 3, 12, 80 beggar 97 Hecataeus of Miletus 24, 28–9, 47–8, 64, 66 camel 206–7 rationalizing interpretation 32–3 Herodotus 37, 45–6 Hector, see Homeric characters historian 12–13, 51–6, 83–4, 205–6 Hegesianax of Alexandria Troas 110 improviser 107, 121–2 Helen, see Homeric characters inquirer (punthanesthai) 52–5, 57, 75–7 Heliodorus, An Ethiopian Tale 16, 158, 166–7 liar 97–100, 107, 121–2, 127 Hellanicus of Lesbos 28–9, 35, 63–4, 148 philhellene 131–3 Heraclides of Pontus 120 plagiarist 20 Heraclitus, Homeric Allegories 5, 6, 10, 66, 80, ‘real’ person 12, 20, 25–6, 48–9, 51–6, 80–1, 183 131–3, 207 Ps.-Heraclitus, On Incredible Things 73 source of all wisdom 51, 152, 192 Herodotus Strabo’s 80–1 fiction, nascent concept of 33 technical ‘instructor’ 6, 152 HeleninEgypt 30–5, 110, 122–3, 177, 209 Thucydides 43–6 Homer, dating of 30 traveller 52, 54–5, 97, 208 Homer, general reference to witness in courtroom 100 Homer, image of 37, 45–6, 54, 80–1 knows the historical ‘truth’ 33–7, 43–6, Homeric ‘hints’ 33–7, 43–4 206–11 Homeric locations, identifies 47–8 knows geography 50–1 Lucian, referred to by 142, 148–50 myths, use of 60–81, 149–50, 202 myths, use of criticized by Strabo 63–4 historians, compared to 62–4, 149–50 rationalizing interpretation 32–3 historical truth, as elaborations of 61–4, heroic age 67–71 genealogies of 22–3 instruction/benefit, for 64–6, 68–9, historiography of 23, 24 135–6 Homer as witness of narrative, manipulation of 101–8, 178 Imperial Greek interest in 12–13 reception in Imperial period 9–21 kinship diplomacy 22, 26 reception in Hellenistic period 7–9

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reception in Classical period Menelaus Roman attitude toward 9 duel with Paris 178 Second Sophistic, in the 14–15 eyewitness source of Trojan War 31 silence not a sign of ignorance 77 wanderings of 77–8 sources of information 98–9, 187–8, 206–11 moly 183 Homeric poetry Mysian expedition, omission of 193–5 allegorical interpretation of 6, 10–11, 12, 35–7, Nausicaa 68 51, 66, 98, 183 Nekuia 157, 190, 214 heroic past, used as evidence for 12–13, 25–7, Nile, silting of 77–8 28–9, 40–4 Nireus 159–60 historical exegesis of 71–7 Ocean 30, 36, 78–80 historical fiction, understood as 2, 24–5 Odysseus moralizing interpretation of 6, 8–9, 11–12, ‘Cretan tales’ 151 64–6 death of 19 palimpsestic texts of 15–20 narrator, as 102, 103–4, 151–4 ‘problems’ and ‘solutions’ 17, 19, 116–17, 126 wanderings of 56–60, 61–4, 67–77, 78–80 rationalizing interpretation of 114–22, Palamedes, omission of 190 202–3 Phaeacian tales 151–6, 178, 202 revision of 15–20 Pharos, location of 77–8 rewriting of 17–18 Philoctetes, ships and crew 42 rhetorical interpretation of 11 piracy, evidence for ancient 38 Homeric characters, places, topics, etc. Polyphemus 160 Abioi, identification of 193–4 Protesilaus 191–2, see also Philostratus, Achaean Wall 44, 124, 193 Heroicus Achilles Proteus 35 arms and armor 203 Scylla 29, 69–70, 72, 73, 74, 75 burial and tomb 190 Tartarus 74–6 Helen in afterlife, resides with 19, 170–1, Thersites 10, 159–60, 170 212–13 tides, Homer’s knowledge of 78–80 horses 203 writing, heroes’ ignorance of 194 Scamander/Xanthus, combat with 29, 129, Horace, Ars Poetica 343-462 160, 203 huponoia 35–7, 44 Aeolus 69–70, 72, 73, 75 Aethra 119–20 Iambulus 142, 150 Agamemnon India, ethnographies of 148–50 naval power 40–1 instruction, as purpose of poetry 56, 64–6, testing of the troops by 124 68–9 Arcadians, naval force 40–1, 194–5 Isocrates, Helen 85–6, 89 Calypso 172 Castor and Pollux 120–1 Juvenal, Satire 15 152–3 Charybdis 78–80 Cimmerians 75 Lactantius, Divinae Institutiones 1.11.23–571 Circe 73, 79–80 Leuke (The White Island) 170–1, 195, 198 Crete: 90 (Od. 19.174)or100 (Il. 2.649) cities? lies 55 historical 133–4 Cyclopes 69–70, 75, see also Polyphemus Homeric 95–7 Ethiopians 53–4 Lives of Homer 25, 54–5, 208 fish, heroes’ abstinence from 166 Ps.-Herodotus, Life of Homer 164–5, 166 Hector 125, 127–30 Vita Romana (Achilles’ ghost) 209 Helen Ps.-Longinus, On the Sublime 103–4, 152, 163 age of 187 Lucian and Paris; in Egypt 30–5, 114–15, 119–22, Charon 16 177–8, 190 Dialogues of the Dead 159–60 Heracles’ sack of Troy 120, 187 Homer, general attitude towards 140–1 Iberia, Homer’s knowledge of 75–7 How to Write History 104, 105, 132

242 Index

Lucian (cont.) Philoctetes, see Homeric characters Lover of Lies (Philopseudes) 144–5, 149–50, 152, Philodemus 158, 200–1 On the Good King according to Homer 6, 8–9 Marine Dialogues 160 On Poems 562 Rooster (Gallus) 187–8, 206–7 Philostratus True Stories (Verae historiae) Heroicus autopsy parodied 144, 147–8 Achilles 212–13; poem on Homer 212–13; Calypso, visit to 171–2 rationalizing criticism of 202–3 Cinyras and Helen 169–70 autopsy 199–202 ﬁctionality in 145–6, 154–5 belief, pistis 199–202 Homer; epigram 172–3; epic poem, new bones, heroic 200 173; Hesiod, contest with 167, 168–9; dialogue form 176 interview with 162–8; origins of 164–7; Dictys and Dares, relation to 180 resonance in the text 142–3 Dio, Trojan Oration, compared to 177–8 lies 144–5, 148–50 ﬁctional play 213–15 myths and the ‘fantastic’ 145, 148–50, 154–5 heroic ghosts, depictions of 195–7 rationalization of Homeric poetry 155 heroic past 197–9 Thanatousia (Games of the Dead) 167, Homer, criticism of 177–8, 190 168–9 Homer’s source 206–11 Thersites’ lawsuit 170 Homeric revision time, on Island of the Blessed 160–2 Odysseus’ ghost 208–11 Zeus, Tragic Actor 150, 159 Phoenician, depiction of 181–5; skeptic, as 185–8 Malalas, John, Chronographica 207 Protesilaus; eyewitness source, as 185–9; Maximus of Tyre, Discourses 5, 6, 10, 80, 195 ghost, as 195–7; Homeric critic, as (Or. 9.7) 188–95; pepaideumenos,as 199 Meleager of Gadara 166 rationalizing interpretation 202–3 Menecrates of Nysa 130 religious attitude in 177 Menelaus, see Homeric characters scholarship, previous 196–7 mythographers, early (6th–5th century bce) Severan emperors, relation to 196 28–9 sources; pre-Homeric 179–81, 185–8, 197; prose style, poetic 66–7 eyewitness 185–91 myths structure 175–6 ancient historiography, in 62–4, 148–50 Thucydides, references to 184–5, 194–5 entertainment/pleasure, used for 61–4, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 67–71, 148–50 4.11–16 Achilles’ ghost 189–91 instruction/utility, used for 64–6 5.16.1 on giant bones moralizing interpretation of 117–18 5.14.3 on poetry 188 political use of 135–6 Lives of the Sophists rationalizing interpretation of 24 533–4 on Heracles of Herodes 158, 197–8, 199 narrative Pindar, Nemean 7.20–128 ‘blushes’ 105–7, 121–2 Plato clarity of 104–5, 116 Apology 41a–b 158 Nausicaa, see Homeric characters Cratylus 391d 99–100 Nireus, see Homeric characters Critias 111–12 Hippias Maior 285d 23–4 Odysseus, see Homeric characters Republic Origen, Contra Celsum 1.42 1–2 1.334b 98 2.378d 36 paideia,Imperial 9–10, 12–13, 17, 83–4 2.398a 136 Palaephatus 73, 74 Books 2–36–7, 95 Palamedes, see Homeric characters 3.404b–408b 27 Pausanias 17–18, 22, 170–1 10.607d 62 Pherecydes of Athens 28–9, 66 10 (myth of Er) 214

Index 243

Theaetetus 36 Seneca, de brevitate vitae 13.2163 Timaeus 111–12 Sisyphus of Cos 179n.12, 207n.83 Ps.-Plato Second Alcibiades 147c 36–7 Solon 95 Plutarch Stesichorus, Palinode 15, 110, 122 How the Young Man Should Listen to Poetry Strabo of Amasia 11, 36, 96 ‘classicistic revival’, as part of 84 Theseus 24, 119 Dio, comparison with 92, 135–6 Ps.-Plutarch, On the Life and Poetry of Homer Eratosthenes, debate with 56–60 10–11, 12, 25–6, 51, 80, 183 Greekness, ideas about 81–4 Polybius 105 Homeric fictionalizing 59 Homer, interpretation of 71, 126, 178 Homer, dating of 55 Odysseus’ wanderings 71–4 Homer, image of 80–1 poetic license 71 Lucian, comparison with 146–50 Strabo’s dependence on 52, 71 Rome, attitude toward 83–4 Polyphemus, see Homeric characters Stoicism, relation to 56 Porphyry, On the Cave of the Nymphs 10 Homeric Questions, see scholia, Homeric Tartarus, see Homeric characters Posidonius of Apamea 55, 194 Theon, Progymnasmata 104 problems, Homeric 17, 19, 116–17, 126 Theopompus of Chios 62–3, 148 progymnasmata 104–5, 116, see also Theon Thersites, see Homeric characters refutation/anaskeue 116–18, 128–30 Thucydides 38–46 Protesilaus, see Homeric characters credulity, on 133–4, 184 Proteus, see Homeric characters history and fiction, blurs distinction 42–4 Ptolemy the Quail 18–20, 178–9, 183, 207 Homer, dating of 39–40 Pytheas of Massilia 147–8 Homer, image of 43–6, 80–1 Homer, interpretation of Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 16 heroic age, for evidence of 40–4, 194–5 Homer’s era, for evidence of 38–40 Rhetorica ad Alexandrum 104 identification of Homeric locales 47–8 Rhetorica ad Herennium 100, 106 myths, on 38, 64, 184 Rome, Greek attitude toward 9, 83–4, 88–9, style, criticized by Dionysius 105 137 tekmêria/signs 39, 43–4 Timaeus of Tauromenium 98 scholia, Homeric 11, 116–17 Troy and the Troad, in Imperial era 13, 47, 83, bT ad Il. 1.1b 103, 163 85 bT ad Il. 2.494–877 103 Trojan War, historicity of 1–2 AadIl. 3.144 119 Troy Romances, see Dictys of Crete, Dares of Porphyry ad Il. 3.236 120 Phrygia, Sisyphus of Cos TadIl. 3.236 120 Tychiades, see Lucian, Lover of Lies Porphyry ad Il. 12.127 103 DadIl. 18.219 25–6 verisimilitude, see eikos bT ad Il. 24.804 103–4, 130 virtutes narrationis 104–5 HadOd. 1.332 27 HMQ ad Od. 3.464 27 Zenodotus of Ephesus 8, 120 ad Od. 23.337 172 Zenodotus of Mallus 165 Scylla, see Homeric characters Zo¨ılus of Amphipolis 7, 115