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Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Sempadan Sungai Indragiri Di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Propinsi Riau

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Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Sempadan Sungai Indragiri Di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Propinsi Riau 1 |Antologi Geografi Volume 3 Nomor 2, September 2015 EVALUASI PEMANFAATAN SEMPADAN SUNGAI INDRAGIRI DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR PROPINSI RIAU S. E. Putra, D. Rohmat *), Jupri *) Departemen Pendidikan Geografi, Fakultas Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Email : [email protected] ABSTRAK Sungai Indragiri Terletak di Provinsi Riau dengan Panjang Kurang lebih (500 km) dan kedalaman 6-8 m. Sungai ini mengaliri tiga kabupaten yaitu Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu, dan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Saat ini masih banyak dijumpai bentuk pemanfaatan sempadan sungai yang belum sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada di Kabupeten Indragiri Hilir. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi sempadan Sungai Indragiri saat ini sangat kurang baik yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi fisik sempadan sungai dan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat yang tinggal di sempadan sungai. Sempadan Sungai Indragiri yang ada di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir memiliki luas sebesar 2.000 hektar. Sebanyak 63,65% atau seluas 1.873 hektar wilayahnya dimanfaatkan sebagai kawasan budidaya berupa kawasan perkebunan dan sebanyak 6,35% atau seluas 127 hektar wilayahnya dimanfaatkan sebagai kawasan permukiman. Berdasarkan data Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, arahan pola pemanfaatan ruang yang ada di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir difungsikan kedalam 2 kawasan, yaitu kawasan lindung dan kawasan budidaya. Jenis pemanfaatan sempadan sungai yang sesuai dengan kebijakan peraturan pemerintah yaitu pemanfaatan sempadan sungai sebagai kawasan budidaya berupa kawasan perkebunan, sedangkan jenis pemanfaatan sempadan sungai yang tidak sesuai dengan kebijakan peraturan pemerintah yaitu pemanfaatan sempadan sungai sebagai kawasan budidaya berupa permukiman yang berada tepat di sempadan Sungai Indragiri. Kata kunci : Sungai, Sempadan Sungai, Pemanfaatan sempadan. *) Penulis Penanggung Jawab 2 |Antologi Geografi Volume 3 Nomor 2, September 2015 ABSTRACT The Indragiri river located in Riau Province with 500 meters approximately in length and 6-8 meters in depth. This river flows through 3 Regencies that is Kuantan Singingi Regency, Indragiri Hulu Regency, and Indragiri Hilir Regency. In this time, there is a lot of floodplain utilization form which not yet suitable with regulation that exist at Indragiri Hilir Regency. The result of research showing that the floodplain condition of Indragiri River is very bad now which affected by the physical condition of floodplain and the economic and social condition of people who live at floodplain. The considerable of floodplain of Indragiri River which exist at Indragiri Hilir Regency are 2.000 hectares. 63,65% or as wide as 1.873 hectares has been using as a cultivation area form as a plantation area and 6,35% or as wide as 127 hectares are form as a settlement area. Based on the data of Region Layout Plan of Indragiri Hilir regency, the guideline of space utilization model in Indragiri Hilir Regency was functioned into 2 area, that is conservation area and cultivation area. A kind of floodplain utilization that appropriate with the government regulation policy that is floodplain utilization form as a plantation area, although a kind of floodplain utilization that not inappropriate with the government regulation policy that is floodplain utilization as a cultivation area form as a settlement area which just precisely exist in floodplain of Indragiri River. Keywords : River, Floodplain, Floodplain utilization. PENDAHULUAN manusia akan berpengaruh baik secara Lingkungan adalah suatu media di positif ataupun negatif. Berpengaruh bagi mana makhluk hidup tinggal, mencari, manusia karena manusia mendapatkan dan memiliki karakter serta fungsi yang keuntungan dari perubahan tersebut, dan khas yang mana terkait secara timbal berpengaruh tidak baik karena dapat balik dengan keberadaan makhluk hidup dapat mengurangi kemampuan alam yang menempatinya, terutama manusia lingkungan hidupnya untuk menyokong yang memiliki peranan yang lebih kehidupannya. Saat ini, hampir di setiap kompleks dan riil (Elly M. Setiadi, 2006). wilayah yang ada di Indonesia, Lingkungan bisa dibedakan menjadi khususnya kota-kota besar sedang giat lingkungan biotik dan abiotik. Seiring melakukan kegiatan pembangunan di dengan berkembangnya ilmu segala sektor, mulai dari sektor pengetahuan dan teknologi, maka permukiman hingga sektor perniagaan. manusia pun dituntut untuk dapat Hampir di sebagian besar wilayah yang mengolah segala sumberdaya alam yang ada di Indonesia dipenuhi oleh bangunan- ada di tempat tinggalnya, karena ketika bangunan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai dilahirkan, manusia sudah dibekali akal tempat tinggal dan kegiatan perniagaan. dan fikiran, sehingga manusia bertahan Aktivitas pembukaan lahan semakin hidup dan menyesuaikan diri dengan marak terjadi, lahan yang seharusnya lingkungan tempat tinggalnya. Dengan dijadikan kawasan hijau pun dirubah dibekali akal dan fikiran, manusia dapat menjadi kawasan industri maupun membangun rumah sebagai tempat untuk kawasan hunian dan niaga. berlindung, dan mendirikan segala sarana dan prasarana yang dapat menunjang Karena tidak terkontrolnya kelangsungan hidupnya. Namun pembangunan menyebabkan banyak terkadang aktivitas manusia kurang daerah hijau dan pertanian berubah memperhatikan kondisi lingkungan menjadi permukiman, yang berakibat tempat tinggalnya, sehingga antara pada berkurangnya daerah resapan air. kondisi lingkungan dengan aktivitas Selama ini kanalisasi dan sungai manusia menjadi tidak seimbang. berfungsi sebagai tempat pengumpulan Perubahan alam lingkungan hidup air hujan dan air limbah dari segala 3 |Antologi Geografi Volume 3 Nomor 2, September 2015 macam kegiatan antara lain permukiman, dapat mengakomodasi perubahan dinamis pasar, industri. Penduduk yang tinggal yang terjadi. Kawasan tepi sungai yang dan beraktifitas di sempadan sungai sempadannya tertata asri menjadikan mempergunakan sungai sebagai kegiatan properti bernilai tinggi karena terjalinnya MCK (Mandi Cuci Kakus) dan kehidupan yang harmonis antara manusia pembuangan sampah, yang berakibat dan alam. Lingkungan yang teduh dengan terjadinya pendangkalan kedalaman tetumbuhan, ada burung berkicau di dekat sungai, pengurangan lebar sungai (akibat air jernih yang mengalir, menciptakan erosi dan penimbunan sungai), rasa nyaman dan tenteram tersendiri. Dari pencemaran air sungai (akibat kegiatan hal-hal tersebut diatas dapat disimpulkan MCK, pembuangan sampah, dll). bahwa sempadan sungai berfungsi Sungai secara alamiah merupakan sebagai ruang penyangga antara sebuah kesatuan, namun pada ekosistem sungai dan daratan, agar fungsi kenyataannya pengelolaannya terkotak- sungai dan kegiatan manusia tidak saling kotak ke dalam wilayah administratif. terganggu. Jika fungsi sungai terganggu, Selain itu, sungai juga memiliki pada akhirnya gangguan tersebut juga keterkaitan dengan kondisi masyarakat akan menimbulkan kerugian terhadap yang bertinggal di sekitarnya. Sungai kepentingan manusia. memiliki peran strategis sebagai salah satu sumber daya alam yang mendukung Penduduk Indragiri Hilir pada tahun kehidupan masyarakat. Peranan sungai di 2012 berjumlah 689.938 jiwa. Rata-rata dalam konteks perkotaan menjadi sangat jiwa per rumah tangga adalah 4 jiwa, penting, khususnya dalam upaya tidak berubah dari tahun sebelumnya mempertahankan sumber daya air yang karena kenaikan jumlah penduduk diikuti berkelanjutan. Sungai merupakan salah dengan kenaikan jumlah rumah tangga. satu sumber daya air yang mempunyai Kecamatan yang paling banyak manfaat dan peran yang penting dalam penduduknya adalah Kecamatan kehidupan manusia dan berbagai kegiatan Tembilahan yaitu 72.424 jiwa dan perkotaan seperti industri, perumahan, kecamatan yang paling sedikit jumlah perdagangan, sarana dan prasarananya. penduduknya adalah Kecamatan Sungai Sempadan sungai merupakan daerah yang Batang yaitu 12.320 jiwa. Sungai subur dan memiliki fungsi lingkungan Indragiri Terletak di Provinsi Riau hidup yang penting dan merupakan dengan Panjang Kurang lebih (500 km) daerah konservasi yang rentan terhadap dan kedalaman 6-8 m. sungai ini banjir, erosi tebing dan dasar sungai, mengaliri tiga Kabupaten yaitu maupun terjadinya kerusakan akibat Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, Kabupaten pemanfaatan sempadan sungai oleh Indragiri Hulu, dan Kabupaten Indragiri masyarakat. Berdasarkan PP No. 38/2011 Hilir, di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, pasal 1 ayat 1 disebutkan bahwa Sungai Sungai Indragiri disebut juga dengan adalah alur atau wadah air alami Batang Kuantan. Sungai Indragiri berhulu dan/atau buatan berupa jaringan di pegunungan Bukit Barisan (Danau pengaliran air beserta air di dalamnya, Singkarak), sungai Indragiri mempunyai mulai dari hulu sampai muara, dengan tiga muara ke Selat Berhala, yaitu di Desa dibatasi kanan dan kiri oleh garis sungai Belu, Desa Perigi Raja dan Kuala sempadan. Melihat kecenderungan- Enok. Sungai Indragiri memiliki fungsi kecenderungan di atas, zona di sekitar dan peran yang sangat penting bagi sungai perlu dilindungi agar tidak didesak perkembangan Provinsi Riau, terutama oleh kepentingan peruntukan lain. Sungai Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Sungai perlu diberi sempadan yang cukup untuk Indragiri yang mempunyai fungsi dan 4 |Antologi Geografi Volume 3 Nomor 2, September 2015 peran yang sangat penting bagi data hasil yang di dapat dari masalah kelangsungan hidup masyarakat yang yang ada sekarang ini. Menurut ( tinggal di daerah yang dialiri sungai Sumaatmadja, 1988 : 112) Populasi Indragiri, sehingga harus dijaga penelitian geografi adalah semua kasus
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