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Part 16 Hydrological Analysis for Masang-2 HEPP Final Report (Supporting Pre F/S) Part 16 Hydrological Analysis for Masang-2 HEPP

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Part 16 Hydrological Analysis for Masang-2 HEPP Final Report (Supporting Pre F/S) Part 16 Hydrological Analysis for Masang-2 HEPP Part 16 Hydrological Analysis for Masang-2 HEPP Final Report (Supporting_Pre F/S) Part 16 Hydrological Analysis for Masang-2 HEPP PART 16 HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOR MASANG-2 HEPP 16.1 METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY Meteorological Records and Hydrological Records are collected from Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika: BMKG), Research Institute for Water Resources Development under Ministry of Public Works (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air: PUSAIR, formerly DPMA), and engineering reports on various hydropower development projects. The location map of the stations is shown in Figure 1. The availability of data is summarized in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The catchment area of Masang-2 HEPP intake weir site is shown in Figure 4. 16.1.1 METEOROLOGICAL DATA Climatic data such as air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, sunshine duration have been observed at the Tabing-Padang station, which is collected from BMKG. Pan-evaporation has been observed at the Lubuk Sikaping and the Tanjung Pati stations. Pan-evaporation data is collected from Masang-3 HEPP report. The variation of principal climatic data at the Tabing-Padang station, the Tanjung Pati station and the Lubuk Sikaping station is shown in Figure 5. (1) Air Temperature Table 1 shows the monthly mean air temperature at the Tabing-Padang station. The average monthly mean air temperature at the Tabing-Padang station in the period of 1971 to 2002 is summarized below. Unit: ℃ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean 26.3 26.2 26.4 26.5 26.6 26.3 25.9 25.7 25.7 25.8 25.7 26.0 26.1 As seen, the mean annual air temperature at the Tabing-Padang station is 26.1ºC on an average. There is a slight seasonal change ranging 25.7ºC in August or September to 26.6ºC in May. (2) Relative Humidity Table 2 shows the monthly mean relative humidity at the Tabing-Padang station. The average monthly relative humidity at the Tabing-Padang station in the period of 1971 to JICA Project for the Master Plan Study of 16-1 August, 2011 Hydropower Development in Indonesia Final Report (Supporting_Pre F/S) Part 16 Hydrological Analysis for Masang-2 HEPP 2002 is summarized below. Unit: % Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean 81.1 81.3 82.4 83.0 82.6 81.4 81.6 82.2 82.2 83.9 84.6 83.1 82.5 As well as the monthly pattern of mean air temperature, there is no significant change of relative humidity throughout the year. The annual mean relative humidity in the period of 1971-2002 at the Tabing-Padang station is 82.5 % and there is a slight seasonal change ranging from 81.1% in January to 84.6 % in November. (3) Sunshine Duration Table 3 shows the monthly mean sunshine duration at the Tabing-Padang station. The average monthly mean sunshine duration at the Tabing-Padang station in the period of 1971 to 2002 is summarized below. Unit: % Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean 53.1 57.4 53.3 55.3 59.5 61.7 60.9 55.4 42.9 41.7 40.4 50.7 52.7 As seen, the mean annual sunshine duration at the Tabing-Padang station is 52.7 % on an average. The maximum duration of 61.7 % and the minimum one of 40.4 % occur in June and November, respectively. Sunshine duration generally decreases with an increase of rainfall. The highest sunshine duration therefore occurs in June in the dry season. (4) Wind Velocity Table 4 shows the monthly mean wind velocity at the Tabing-Padang station. The average monthly mean wind velocity at the Tabing-Padang station in the period of 1971 to 2002 is summarized below. Unit: m/sec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Mean annual wind velocity at the Tabing-Padang station is 1.1 m/sec ranging from 0.9m/sec in June and 1.3 m/sec in January, February or March. The wind velocity records collected from Masang-3 HEPP reports in the period of 1971 to 1989 are around 1 m/sec, but the others collected from BMKG in the period of 1990 to 2002 are around 0.1 m/sec. (5) Evaporation Pan evaporation records are available at the Lubuk Sikaping station and the Tanjung Pati station. The pan evaporation records at both stations are summarized on monthly basis as shown in Table 5. The average monthly mean pan evaporation at the Lubuk Sikaping and the Tanjung Pati stations is summarized below. JICA Project for the Master Plan Study of 16-2 August, 2011 Hydropower Development in Indonesia Final Report (Supporting_Pre F/S) Part 16 Hydrological Analysis for Masang-2 HEPP Station Name: Lubuk Sukaping (1979-1985) Unit: mm/day Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean 4.8 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.2 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.1 Station Name: Tanjung Pati (1975-1985) Unit: mm/day Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean 3.3 4.1 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.6 4.1 3.1 3.5 3.6 The ruling factors of pan evaporation may be air temperature and relative humidity, namely evaporation rate varies season to season following to mainly the variation of humidity. As seen in the above table, the seasonal variation of pan evaporation is generally small throughout the year, because there is no great seasonal variation of relative humidity. 16.1.2 RAINFALL DATA There are 13 rainfall gauging stations in and around the Masang River basin. The location map of these stations is shown in Figure 1. Also the data availability at these stations is shown in Figure 2. The rainfall gauging stations are operated and maintained under BMKG. Monthly rainfall records are collected in Masang-3 HEPP and HPPS2, besides daily rainfall records are collected from BMKG in this study. PLN formerly had own hydrological observation network (PLN-LMK Observation Network). Currently most of these stations have broken down, after regional office of PLN took responsibility for maintenance which the central office of PLN had taken. (1) Monthly Rainfall Data The monthly mean rainfall records are collected at 13 stations as presented in Table 6 to Table 18. The monthly distributions of mean annual rainfall are illustrated below. Maninjau: 3,199 mm (1969-1993) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec JICA Project for the Master Plan Study of 16-3 August, 2011 Hydropower Development in Indonesia Final Report (Supporting_Pre F/S) Part 16 Hydrological Analysis for Masang-2 HEPP Limau Purut: 3,491 mm (1969-1993) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Padang Panjang: 3,760 mm (1969-2002) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Bukit Tinggi: 2,021 mm (1969-1993) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Baso: 2,012 mm (1969-1993) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec JICA Project for the Master Plan Study of 16-4 August, 2011 Hydropower Development in Indonesia Final Report (Supporting_Pre F/S) Part 16 Hydrological Analysis for Masang-2 HEPP Padang Mangatas: 2,045 mm (1969-1993) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Payakumbuh: 2,181 mm (1969-1993) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Koto Tinggi: 2,638 mm (1969-1993) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Suliki: 2,440 mm (1969-2007) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec JICA Project for the Master Plan Study of 16-5 August, 2011 Hydropower Development in Indonesia Final Report (Supporting_Pre F/S) Part 16 Hydrological Analysis for Masang-2 HEPP Kota Baharu: 2,828 mm (1969-1993) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Bonjol: 4,613 mm (1969-1993) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jambak: 3,797 mm (1969-1993) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Lubuk Sikaping: 3,760 mm (1969-1993) 600 500 400 300 200 Rainfall(mm) 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec As seen above, the annual mean rainfall at these stations ranges from 2,000 mm to 4,600 mm per year.
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