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Penentuan Daerah Thermal Front Di Laut Timur Su- Matera Provinsi Riau

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Penentuan Daerah Thermal Front Di Laut Timur Su- Matera Provinsi Riau -851A/ 3ER,.A1AN DA1 .(/A87A1 9olume 23 No. 1, Juni 2018: 8-14 Penentuan Daerah Thermal Front Di Laut Timur Su- matera Provinsi Riau Determination Of The Thermal Front Area In East Sea 2I Sumatera Riau Province Santika Panggabean1), Mubarak2) and Musrifin Ghalib2) 10ahasiswa Ilmu Kelautan Fakultas Perikanan dan ,lmu Kelautan 8niversitas Riau 2Dosen ,lmu Kelautan FaNultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan 8niversitas Riau *Email: santika_panggaEean#yahoo.com Abstrak 3enelitian ini dilaksanaNan pada Eulan -anuari sampai dengan Eulan Februari 2017 di 3esisir Timur Sumatera 3rovinsi Riau. BertuMuan untuN menentuNan sebaran suhu per- muNaan laut dan menentuNan daerah Thermal Front. 3enelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis spasial dengan pengolahan data citra satelit ATua Modis level 1. Soft- Diterima: ware yang digunakan adalah Modis Reprojection Tool Swath2.2 dan ArcGis 9.3. Hasil 24 Maret 2018 penelitian dituMuNan untuN mengetahui sebaran suhu permuNaan laut pada 3erairan 3esisir Timur Sumatera 3rovinsi Riau setiap Eulan EerEeda. 3ada setiap Eulan mulai menurun dari Eulan 2NtoEer-DesemEer. 3ada Eulan 2NtoEer suhu EerNisaran 25-320C, DisetuMui pada Eulan NovemEer 24-320C dan pada Eulan DesemEer memiliNi suhu 22-320C. Se- 24 Agustus 2018 dangNan daerah Thermal Front setiap Eulannya dapat dilihat dari hasil yang terdeteksi EerdasarNan rentan suhu permuNaan laut dengan metode SIED setiap Eulan. 3ada Eulan 2NtoEer terdapat dibagian pesisir timur Dumai, .DEupaten BengNalis, .DEupaten Kepulauan Meranti, Muara Sungai .Dmpar dan .DEupaten ,ndragiri Hilir. 3ada Eulan NovemEer terdapat pada 3esisir timur Dumai dan .DEupaten BengNalis. 3ada Eulan DesemEer terdapat pada 3esisir Timur .DEupaten BengNalis, Muara Sungai .Dmpar dan .DEupaten ,ndragiri Hilir. .ata .unci: Suhu 3ermukaan Laut, Thermal Front, Modis, S,ED Abstract This research was conducted from -anuary to February 2017 in East Coastal of Riau 3rovince. The main purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of sea surface temperature and determine the Thermal Front area.This research used spatial analysis method with ATua 0odis level 1 satellite image data processing. The software used is Modis ReproMection Tool Swath 2.2 and ArcGis 9.3. The result of this research is to Nnow the distribution of sea surface temperature in east coastal waters of Su- matera Riau 3rovince each month is different. Every month Eegins to decline from OctoEer to DecemEer.,n OctoEer the temperature range foor 25-320C, in NovemEer is 24-320C and in DecemEer temperature is 22-320C.Thermal Front area results that are Each month detected differently Eased on the vulnerable sea surface temperatures SIED method wiht on a monthly Easis. ,n OctoEer there are the eastern coast of Dumai, BengNalis Regency, Meranti ,slands, Estuary of Nampar river and ,ndragiri Hilir Re- gency. ,n NovemEer there are on the eastern coast of Dumai and BengNalis Regency. ,n DecemEer there are on East Coast of BengNalis Regency, .Dmpar River Estuary and ,ndragiri Hilir Regency. .eywords: Sea Surface Temperature, Thermal Front, Modis, S,ED 8 SantiNa, et al. 3enentuan Daerah Thermal Front 1. Pendahuluan 3rovinsi Riau adalah salah satu Nawasan Eahari yang memiliNi sejarah Nemaritiman, Narena Eerada di perairan Selat Malaka dan /aut Cina Selatan yang merupaNan salah satu Nawasan pelayaran internasional yang padat. Berada di Nhatulistiwa dimana dua pertiga wilayahnya adalah laut mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam proses peruEahan iklim EaiN loNal maupun gloEal. DinamiNa laut regional dan suhu permuNaan laut (SP/) merupakan faktor penting yang mempengaruhi dinamiNa iklim regional dan iNlim gloEal (Qu et al., 2005). Suhu merupaNan faNtor yang sangat penting Eagi Nehidupan organisme laut Narena suhu dapat mempengaruhi Nondisi dan Nelangsungan hidup organisme laut. Variabilitas suhu permuNaan laut dapat digunakan untuN mengetahui loNasi front, upwelling, potensi distribusi ikan dan peruEahan suhu yang terMadi di lautan (Holiludin, 2009). BerdasarNan informasi mengenai sebaraan suhu permuNaan laut maka Eisa di dapat- Nan Neberadaan sebaran iNan yang diNaitNan dengan suhu optimal yang sesuai Eagi kehidupan ikan. Variabilitas suhu permuNaan laut Muga sangat Eerpengaruh terhadap faktor Nehidupan laut seperti Nlorofil-a. .ORrofil-a merupakan pigmen yang terdapat pada fitoplanNton yang dapat digunakan untuN proses fotosintesis pada perairan. .ORrofil-a merupakan faNtor yang dapat menentuNan NesuEuran suatu perairan dimana Nlorofil-a ini merupakan produsen primer Eagi Nehidupan di laut. Oleh Narena itu informasi mengenai sebaran suhu per- muNaan laut dan Nelimpahan Nlorofil-a di suatu perairan dapat digunaNan untuN mengetahui sebaran ikan di lautan. Dengan didapatkannya informasi Variabilitas Suhu 3ermuNaan /aut dan .ORrofil-a tersebut dapat meningNatkan efektifitas dalam aktivitas penangNapan ikan di laut. Thermal front ditandai dengan adanya pertemuan dua massa air yang Eersuhu tinggi dengan massa air yang Eersuhu rendah, dimana gradien suhu permuNaan laut terlihat Melas (suhu EeruEah cepat pada Marak yang pen- dek). Fenomena terMadinya thermal front (pertemuan massa air dengan suhu yang EerEeda) mengindikasikan Eahwa daerah tersebut merupaNan daerah yang potensi untuN dijadikan daerah penangNapan ikan. Teknologi penginderaan Mauh merupaNan alternatif yang tepat dalam menghasilNan informasi mengenai daerah terMadinya thermal front, melalui pengamatan parameter oseeanografi seperti suhu permuNaan laut dengan Eantuan satelit. Saat ini teNnologi penginderaan Mauh EerEasis satelit menMadi sangat populer dan digunakan untuN EerEagai tuMuan Negiatan, salah satunya untuN mengidentifikasi potensi sumEer daya wilayah pesisir dan lautan. Teknologi penginderaan Marak Mauh Muga dapat dimanfaatkan pada Eidang periNanan maNa penulis tertarik untuN mengetahui proses pengamEilan dan pengolahan data penyebaran suhu permuNaan laut dari perekaman citra satelit. 2. Bahan dan Metode 2.1 Lokasi dan :aktu 3enelitian 3enelitian ini dilaNsanakan pada Eulan -anuari 2017 di Kawasan 3erairan 3esisir Timur Sumatera 3rovinsi Riau dan Analisis citra ATua Modis di Laboratorium Oseanografi FisiNa -urusan ,lmu Kelautan Fakultas 3eri- Nanan dan Kelautan Universitas Riau (GamEar 1). Data citra yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data citra dari satelit ATua 02DIS Eerupa citra Suhu 3ermuNaan /aut level-1dengan rentang waNtu dari bulan 2NtoEer sampai dengan Eulan DesemEer 2016. Gambar 1. 3eta /oNasi 3enelitian 9 3enentuan Daerah Thermal Front SantiNa et al. Gambar 2. SeEaran S3/ 3esisir Timur Sumatera 3rovinsi Riau Bulan 2NtoEer 3enentuan daerah Thermal Front EerdasarNan suhu permuNaan laut terdiri dari interprestasi citra aqua modis terEagi atas Eeberapa tahap yaitu : tahap pertama prapemrosesan suhu permuNaan laut, Nemudian dilakuNan pemisahan darat dan laut (masking), Noreksi radiometriN dan geometriN (rektifiNasi citra). Tahap pemrosesan suhu permuNaan laut dengan menggunaNan formula Hamzah (2014). Setelah mendapatkan suhu permuNaaan laut untuN memudahNan maNa di interpretasi citra menggunaNan satuan suhu °C (derajat celcius) dengan mengNonversinya menggunaNan perintah Eerikut : Setnull(DN<t_>t,DN) .eterangan : Setnull : 3erintah yang Eerfungsi untuN memEuat Eatasan, pertidaksamaan dan persamaan pada nilai setiap titiN (pixel) pada data citra. DN (Digital NumEer) : Nilai yang terdapat pada setiap pixel (titiN) citra (value) T : Suhu (°K) 3enentuan daerah Thermal FrontEerdasarNan suhu permuNaan laut menggunaNan formula menurut Cayulla dan Cornillon (1992) dengan metode SIED (Single ,mage Edge Detection), dimana Nonstanta gradient suhu terEaik untuN mendeteNsi thermal front Nhususnya diperairan ,ndonesia adalah threshold SIED adalah nilai 0,50C. Dalam proses pengolahan data eNstrasi suhu permuNaan laut menggunaNan cara seperti gamEar 8 dengan metode Single ,mage Edge Detection (SIED). 3. Hasil dan PemEahasan 3.1 Suhu 3ermukaan Laut Sebaran suhu permuNaan laut di perairan 3esisir Timur Sumatera 3rovinsi Riausetiap Eulan Eerdeda. 3engamatan dimulai dari Eulan 2NtoEer-DesemEer. 3ada Eulan 2NtoEer menunMuNNan nilaisebaran suhu per- muNaan laut EerNisaran 250C hingga 320C, pada Eulan NovemEer EerNisaran 240C hingga 320C dan pada Eulan DesemEer memiliki suhu 220C hingga 320C (GamEar 2 - 4). Citra yang ditampilNan pada GamEar 2 sampai GamEar 4 mempunyai EentuN yang tidak sama Narena waNtu peliputan citra EerEeda. Citra yang ditampilNan merupakan hasil dari proses Noreksi radiometrik, Noreksi ge- ometrik, mangNing citra, pemotongan citra (Cropping) dan layout citra. Dari hasil layout data pada setiap Eulan di Nawasan 3erairan 3esisir Timur 3rovinsi Riau terdapat data yang tidak memiliNi suhu dengan warna putih yang disebabNan adanya tutupan awan yang sangat tinggi. Hal ini dikarenaNan sensor citra satelit ATua 02DIS merupakan sensor pasif yang tidak temEusawan, terutama saat Musim Barat dimana wilayah ,ndonesia sebagian Eesar tertutup awan termasuN wilayah 3esisir Timur Su- matera 3rovinsi Riau . GamEar 2. 3eta Sebaran SP/ 3esisir Timur Sumatera 3rovinsi Riau Bulan 2NtoEer. GamEar 3. 3eta Sebaran SP/ 3esisir Timur Sumatera 3rovinsi Riau Bulan NovemEer. GamEar 4. 3eta Sebaran SP/ 3esisir Timur Sumatera 3rovinsi Riau Bulan DesemEer. BerdasarNan hasil pengolahan citra, pola sebaran suhu permuNaan laut pada Eulan 2NtoEer (GamEar 2) didominasi oleh NelompoN suhu EerNisaran 250C hingga 320C. Nilai sebaran suhu permuNaan laut di perairan 10 SantiNa, et al. 3enentuan Daerah Thermal Front Gambar 3. 3eta SeEaran S3/ 3esisir Timur Sumatera 3rovinsi Gambar 4. 3eta SeEaran S3/ 3esisir
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