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The People and the Nation THE PEOPLE AND THE NATION ‘‘This book theoretically and empirically fills a void in populist studies. It explores sys- tematically the relationships between territory, ethnicity, identity, and uneven develop- ment in European populist politics.’’ – Carlos de la Torre, Professor of Sociology, University of Kentucky, USA. Editor of The Routledge Handbook of Global Populism ‘‘This volume is both welcome and distinctive. It is welcome in that it contributes to our knowledge on fundamental questions structuring political debates: questions of populism, nationalism, territory, and identity. It is distinctive in that its empirical basis is rich and wide, covering twelve Western and Central European cases.’’ – Michaël Tatham, University of Bergen, Norway. ‘‘Based on a coherent and comprehensive analysis of relevant European political parties, the book is a timely analysis of the interactions between populist and ethno-territorial ideologies. It is a must-read for any student of contemporary political dynamics in Europe.’’ – Régis Dandoy, Ghent University, Belgium The edited book brings together country experts on populism, ethno-territorial politics and party competition. It consists of eleven empirical chapters, covering eight Western European states (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and the UK) as well as four Central European states (Croatia, Hungary, Serbia and Poland). It is a collaboration by scholars from across Europe which contributes to the growing litera- ture on populism by focusing on a relatively unexplored research agenda: the intersection of territoriality, ethno-politics and populism. Presenting an original perspective, contributing experts use case studies to highlight the territorial dimension of populism in different ways and identify that a deeper understanding of the interactions between populist actors and ethno- territorial ideologies is required. This book will be of interest to academics, researchers and students of European polit- ics, populism and ethno-territorial politics. Reinhard Heinisch is Professor of Austrian Politics in Comparative European Perspec- tive at the University of Salzburg, Austria. Emanuele Massetti is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Trento, Italy. Oscar Mazzoleni is Professor in Political Science and Director of the Research Obser- vatory for Regional Politics at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Routledge Studies in Extremism and Democracy Series Editors: Roger Eatwell, University of Bath, and Matthew Goodwin, University of Kent. Founding Series Editors: Roger Eatwell, University of Bath and Cas Mudde, University of Antwerp-UFSIA. This new series encompasses academic studies within the broad fields of ‘extremism’ and ‘democracy’. These topics have traditionally been considered largely in isolation by academics. A key focus of the series, therefore, is the (inter-)relation between extremism and democracy. Works will seek to answer questions such as to what extent ‘extremist’ groups pose a major threat to demo- cratic parties, or how democracy can respond to extremism without undermin- ing its own democratic credentials. The books encompass two strands: Routledge Studies in Extremism and Democracy includes books with an introductory and broad focus which are aimed at students and teachers. These books will be available in hardback and paperback. The People and the Nation Populism and Ethno-Territorial Politics in Europe Edited by Reinhard Heinisch, Emanuele Massetti and Oscar Mazzoleni The Anti-Islamic Movement Far Right and Liberal? Lars Berntzen Routledge Research in Extremism and Democracy offers a forum for innovative new research intended for a more specialist readership. These books will be in hardback only. 1. Uncivil Society? Contentious Politics in Post-Communist Europe Edited by Petr Kopecky and Cas Mudde 2. Political Parties and Terrorist Groups Leonard Weinberg and Ami Pedahzur 3. Western Democracies and the New Extreme Right Challenge Edited by Roger Eatwell and Cas Mudde 4. Confronting Right Wing Extremism and Terrorism in the USA George Michael 5. Anti-Political Establishment Parties A Comparative Analysis Amir Abedi For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/politics/series/ED THE PEOPLE AND THE NATION Populism and Ethno-Territorial Politics in Europe Edited by Reinhard Heinisch, Emanuele Massetti and Oscar Mazzoleni First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Reinhard Heinisch, Emanuele Massetti, and Oscar Mazzoleni; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Reinhard Heinisch, Emanuele Massetti, and Oscar Mazzoleni to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Heinisch, Reinhard, 1963- editor. | Massetti, Emanuele, editor. | Mazzoleni, Oscar, editor. Title: The people and the nation : populism and ethno-territorial politics in Europe / edited by Reinhard Heinisch, Emanuele Massetti, and Oscar Mazzoleni. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in extremism and democracy | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2019025768 (print) | LCCN 2019025769 (ebook) | Subjects: LCSH: Populism–Europe. | Nationalism–Europe. | Ethnic identity–Political aspects–Europe. | Right-wing extremists–Europe. | Political parties–Europe. | Europe–Politics and government–21st century. Classification: LCC JN40 .P46 2020 (print) | LCC JN40 (ebook) | DDC 320.56/62094–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019025768 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019025769 ISBN: 978-1-138-57801-2 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-57802-9 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-351-26556-0 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Swales & Willis, Exeter, Devon, UK Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY CONTENTS List of figures vii List of tables viii Preface ix List of abbreviations xi List of contributors xii 1 Introduction: European party-based populism and territory 1 Reinhard Heinisch, Emanuele Massetti and Oscar Mazzoleni 2 Regionalist populism in Britain’s “Celtic” peripheries: a longitudinal analysis of Plaid Cymru and the Scottish National Party 20 Emanuele Massetti 3 Populism and ethno-territorial parties in Belgium 41 Emilie van Haute 4 Claiming regionalism and nationalism at the same time: how the Italian and Swiss Leagues can engage in contradictory claims and get away with it 64 Oscar Mazzoleni and Carlo Ruzza 5 The populist dimensions of Catalan secessionism: rhetoric, mobilization and institutional practices 88 Astrid Barrio, Oscar Barberà and Juan Rodríguez-Teruel vi Contents 6 Regional nativism in East Germany: the case of the AfD 110 Hans-Georg Betz and Fabian Habersack 7 The Carinthian model: the role of sub-national claims in the Freedom Party’s dominance in Austria’s southernmost state 136 Reinhard Heinisch 8 The territorialization of national-populist politics: a case study of the Front National in France 165 Gilles Ivaldi and Jérôme Dutozia 9 Progressive regionalist populism vs. conservative nationalist popu- lism in Poland: the case of the Silesian Autonomy Movement – RAŚ 189 Magdalena Solska 10 Regionalist populism in Croatia: the case of the Croatian Democratic Alliance of Slavonia and Baranja – HDSSB 212 Marko Kukec 11 Ethnic politics and competition between right-wing populist parties in Hungary 235 Edina Szöcsik 12 A clash of myths: populism and ethno-nationalism in Serbia 256 Bojan Vranić 13 Populism and ethno-territorial politics – conclusions: bridging legacies in understanding party mobilization 280 Reinhard Heinisch, Emanuele Massetti and Oscar Mazzoleni Index 291 FIGURES 2.1 British parties’ positions in 2014 30 5.1 Attitudes and opinions on politicians, parties, and government 92 5.2 ‘The will of the people’ CDC poster for the 2012 regional election 96 6.1 Most important problems according to Eastern and Western German AfD voters (in percentage points) 122 6.2 Predicted effects of “lower class” (left) and “populist attitudes” (right) in interaction with “East” 126 A.1 Most important problems according to Eastern and Western German AfD voters (in percentage points); single statements and double mentions 128 7.1 Graph of FPÖ national and state elections results in comparison 143 8.1 FN share of vote by commune (% valid) in the 2015 regional elec- tions (1st round) 169 10.1 Party results (per cent) at 2013 local elections (the red lines are the borders of the five Slavonian counties) 221 12.1 Parties’ position on ethno-nationalism and the cultural dimension in 2017 261 12.2 Results
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