Jahresbericht 2013
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Bedrock Geologic Map of the Monmouth Junction Quadrangle, Water Resources Management U.S
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Prepared in cooperation with the BEDROCK GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE MONMOUTH JUNCTION QUADRANGLE, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SOMERSET, MIDDLESEX, AND MERCER COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL AND WATER SURVEY NATIONAL GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROGRAM GEOLOGICAL MAP SERIES GMS 18-4 Cedar EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS cycle; lake level rises creating a stable deep lake environment followed by a fall in water level leading to complete Cardozo, N., and Allmendinger, R. W., 2013, Spherical projections with OSXStereonet: Computers & Geosciences, v. 51, p. 193 - 205, doi: 74°37'30" 35' Hill Cem 32'30" 74°30' 5 000m 5 5 desiccation of the lake. Within the Passaic Formation, organic-rick black and gray beds mark the deep lake 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.07.021. 32 E 33 34 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 490 000 FEET 542 40°30' 40°30' period, purple beds mark a shallower, slightly less organic-rich lake, and red beds mark a shallow oxygenated 6 Contacts 100 M Mettler lake in which most organic matter was oxidized. Olsen and others (1996) described the next longer cycle as the Christopher, R. A., 1979, Normapolles and triporate pollen assemblages from the Raritan and Magothy formations (Upper Cretaceous) of New 6 A 100 I 10 N Identity and existance certain, location accurate short modulating cycle, which is made up of five Van Houten cycles. The still longer in duration McLaughlin cycles Jersey: Palynology, v. 3, p. 73-121. S T 44 000m MWEL L RD 0 contain four short modulating cycles or 20 Van Houten cycles (figure 1). -
New Permian Fauna from Tropical Gondwana
ARTICLE Received 18 Jun 2015 | Accepted 18 Sep 2015 | Published 5 Nov 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9676 OPEN New Permian fauna from tropical Gondwana Juan C. Cisneros1,2, Claudia Marsicano3, Kenneth D. Angielczyk4, Roger M. H. Smith5,6, Martha Richter7, Jo¨rg Fro¨bisch8,9, Christian F. Kammerer8 & Rudyard W. Sadleir4,10 Terrestrial vertebrates are first known to colonize high-latitude regions during the middle Permian (Guadalupian) about 270 million years ago, following the Pennsylvanian Gondwanan continental glaciation. However, despite over 150 years of study in these areas, the bio- geographic origins of these rich communities of land-dwelling vertebrates remain obscure. Here we report on a new early Permian continental tetrapod fauna from South America in tropical Western Gondwana that sheds new light on patterns of tetrapod distribution. Northeastern Brazil hosted an extensive lacustrine system inhabited by a unique community of temnospondyl amphibians and reptiles that considerably expand the known temporal and geographic ranges of key subgroups. Our findings demonstrate that tetrapod groups common in later Permian and Triassic temperate communities were already present in tropical Gondwana by the early Permian (Cisuralian). This new fauna constitutes a new biogeographic province with North American affinities and clearly demonstrates that tetrapod dispersal into Gondwana was already underway at the beginning of the Permian. 1 Centro de Cieˆncias da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Piauı´, 64049-550 Teresina, Brazil. 2 Programa de Po´s-Graduac¸a˜o em Geocieˆncias, Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-533 Recife, Brazil. 3 Departamento de Cs. Geologicas, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IDEAN- CONICET, C1428EHA Ciudad Auto´noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. -
Lancaster County Geology
LancasterLancaster CountyCounty GeologyGeology gfgh µ OverOver TopographicTopographic ReliefRelief Om Miles Í897 0 10 hg Lebanon County Adamstown ¦¨§76 ! Berks County Oha ! Oo Denver ab322 Ephrata Csc Í501 ! Í72 TRh 272 TRn Oco Lititz Í ! Akron Elizabethtown Manheim ! Dauphin County! ! TRhc Cr TRs c Os Rn ! T Terre Hill TRg Trd 322 772 ab 10 Í 222 625 Í ab Í897 Í Í283 Ohm Í230 Oan Í241 East New Holland Oe 722 Petersburg Í Cbs ! Mount Joy ! ! Czc Cch Í23 Cm gga fl R 743 T Í Csb gg pg ggd Í441 Ck Cl 772 72 Í 23 Í ! Í Ca Marietta Ch Lancaster Mountville ! 340 ! Í Columbia 30 ! ! ba Í462 Í462 ab30 Í999 Millersville Ccc Strasburg ! ! Cv Í741 Í741 Í272 41 Í County Chester 896 222 Í gn Christiana ba mg ! oct Cah Í372 S u sq u e h a n n a R iv e r Y o rk C o u n ty gqm LEGEND COUNTY BOUNDARIES Í324 Source: Lancaster County GIS, Copyright (c) 2019 MAJOR ROADS This map to be used for reference or illustrative purposes only. This map FAULT is not a legally recorded plan, survey, or engineering schematic Quarryville and it is not intended to be used as such. For complete disclaimer see: RIVERS AND STREAMS ! http://www.co.lancaster.pa.us/gisdisclaimer DIKE wc ORDOVICIAN Í472 Oan, ANNVILLE FORMATION LIMESTONE TRIASSIC 372 Oco, COCALICO FORMATION DARK GRAY SHALE TRfl, LIMESTONE FANGLOMERATE Í TRg, GETTYSBURG FORMATION SHALE-SANDSTONE Oe, EPLER FORMATION LIMESTONE TRh, HAMMER CREEK FORMATION SANDSTONE-SHALE Oha, ANNVILLE, HERSHEY, AND MYERSTOWN FORMATION TRhc, HAMMER CREEK QUARTZ-CONGLOMERATE Ohm, HERSHEY AND MYERSTOWN FORMATION LIMESTONE 272 TRn, NEW -
Stuttgarter Beiträge Zur Naturkunde
S^5 ( © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) Herausgeber: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Ser. B Nr. 278 175 pp., 4pls., 54figs. Stuttgart, 30. 12. 1999 Comparative osteology oi Mastodonsaurus giganteus (Jaeger, 1828) from the Middle Triassic (Lettenkeuper: Longobardian) of Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Thüringen) By Rainer R. Schoch, Stuttgart With 4 plates and 54 textfigures Abstract Mastodonsaurus giganteus, the most abundant and giant amphibian of the German Letten- keuper, is revised. The study is based on the excellently preserved and very rieh material which was excavated during road construction in 1977 near Kupferzeil, Northern Baden- Württemberg. It is shown that there exists only one diagnosable species of Mastodonsaurus, to which all Lettenkeuper material can be attributed. All finds from other horizons must be referred to as Mastodonsauridae gen. et sp. indet. because of their fragmentary Status. A sec- ond, definitely diagnostic genus of this family is Heptasaurus from the higher Middle and Upper Buntsandstein. Finally a diagnosis of the family Mastodonsauridae is provided. Ä detailed osteological description of Mastodonsaurus giganteus reveals numerous un- known or formerly inadequately understood features, yielding data on various hitherto poor- ly known regions of the skeleton. The sutures of the skull roof, which could be studied in de- tail, are significantly different from the schemes presented by previous authors. The endocra- nium and mandible are further points of particular interest. The palatoquadrate contributes a significant part to the formation of the endocranium by an extensive and complicated epi- pterygoid. -
THE JOURNAL of GEOLOGY March 1990
VOLUME 98 NUMBER 2 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY March 1990 QUANTITATIVE FILLING MODEL FOR CONTINENTAL EXTENSIONAL BASINS WITH APPLICATIONS TO EARLY MESOZOIC RIFTS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA' ROY W. SCHLISCHE AND PAUL E. OLSEN Department of Geological Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964 ABSTRACT In many half-graben, strata progressively onlap the hanging wall block of the basins, indicating that both the basins and their depositional surface areas were growing in size through time. Based on these con- straints, we have constructed a quantitative model for the stratigraphic evolution of extensional basins with the simplifying assumptions of constant volume input of sediments and water per unit time, as well as a uniform subsidence rate and a fixed outlet level. The model predicts (1) a transition from fluvial to lacustrine deposition, (2) systematically decreasing accumulation rates in lacustrine strata, and (3) a rapid increase in lake depth after the onset of lacustrine deposition, followed by a systematic decrease. When parameterized for the early Mesozoic basins of eastern North America, the model's predictions match trends observed in late Triassic-age rocks. Significant deviations from the model's predictions occur in Early Jurassic-age strata, in which markedly higher accumulation rates and greater lake depths point to an increased extension rate that led to increased asymmetry in these half-graben. The model makes it possible to extract from the sedimentary record those events in the history of an extensional basin that are due solely to the filling of a basin growing in size through time and those that are due to changes in tectonics, climate, or sediment and water budgets. -
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha)
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) by Richard Kissel A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Richard Kissel 2010 Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) Richard Kissel Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2010 Abstract Based on dental, cranial, and postcranial anatomy, members of the Permo-Carboniferous clade Diadectidae are generally regarded as the earliest tetrapods capable of processing high-fiber plant material; presented here is a review of diadectid morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, and paleozoogeography. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Diadectidae within Diadectomorpha, the sister-group to Amniota, with Limnoscelis as the sister-taxon to Tseajaia + Diadectidae. Analysis of diadectid interrelationships of all known taxa for which adequate specimens and information are known—the first of its kind conducted—positions Ambedus pusillus as the sister-taxon to all other forms, with Diadectes sanmiguelensis, Orobates pabsti, Desmatodon hesperis, Diadectes absitus, and (Diadectes sideropelicus + Diadectes tenuitectes + Diasparactus zenos) representing progressively more derived taxa in a series of nested clades. In light of these results, it is recommended herein that the species Diadectes sanmiguelensis be referred to the new genus -
Phylogeny and Evolution of the Dissorophoid Temnospondyls
Journal of Paleontology, 93(1), 2019, p. 137–156 Copyright © 2018, The Paleontological Society. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 0022-3360/15/0088-0906 doi: 10.1017/jpa.2018.67 The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls Rainer R. Schoch Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany 〈[email protected]〉 Abstract.—Dissorophoid temnospondyls are widely considered to have given rise to some or all modern amphibians (Lissamphibia), but their ingroup relationships still bear major unresolved questions. An inclusive phylogenetic ana- lysis of dissorophoids gives new insights into the large-scale topology of relationships. Based on a TNT 1.5 analysis (33 taxa, 108 characters), the enigmatic taxon Perryella is found to nest just outside Dissorophoidea (phylogenetic defintion), but shares a range of synapomorphies with this clade. The dissorophoids proper are found to encompass a first dichotomy between the largely paedomorphic Micromelerpetidae and all other taxa (Xerodromes). Within the latter, there is a basal dichotomy between the large, heavily ossified Olsoniformes (Dissorophidae + Trematopidae) and the small salamander-like Amphibamiformes (new taxon), which include four clades: (1) Micropholidae (Tersomius, Pasawioops, Micropholis); (2) Amphibamidae sensu stricto (Doleserpeton, Amphibamus); (3) Branchiosaur- idae (Branchiosaurus, Apateon, Leptorophus, Schoenfelderpeton); and (4) Lissamphibia. The genera Platyrhinops and Eos- copus are here found to nest at the base of Amphibamiformes. Represented by their basal-most stem-taxa (Triadobatrachus, Karaurus, Eocaecilia), lissamphibians nest with Gerobatrachus rather than Amphibamidae, as repeatedly found by former analyses. -
Physical and Environmental Drivers of Paleozoic Tetrapod Dispersal Across Pangaea
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07623-x OPEN Physical and environmental drivers of Paleozoic tetrapod dispersal across Pangaea Neil Brocklehurst1,2, Emma M. Dunne3, Daniel D. Cashmore3 &Jӧrg Frӧbisch2,4 The Carboniferous and Permian were crucial intervals in the establishment of terrestrial ecosystems, which occurred alongside substantial environmental and climate changes throughout the globe, as well as the final assembly of the supercontinent of Pangaea. The fl 1234567890():,; in uence of these changes on tetrapod biogeography is highly contentious, with some authors suggesting a cosmopolitan fauna resulting from a lack of barriers, and some iden- tifying provincialism. Here we carry out a detailed historical biogeographic analysis of late Paleozoic tetrapods to study the patterns of dispersal and vicariance. A likelihood-based approach to infer ancestral areas is combined with stochastic mapping to assess rates of vicariance and dispersal. Both the late Carboniferous and the end-Guadalupian are char- acterised by a decrease in dispersal and a vicariance peak in amniotes and amphibians. The first of these shifts is attributed to orogenic activity, the second to increasing climate heterogeneity. 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK. 2 Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. 3 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. 4 Institut -
Term Behaviour of the Planets − Scale and the Long
Downloaded from rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org on January 19, 2012 Long-period Milankovitch cycles from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic of eastern North America and their implications for the calibration of the Early Mesozoic time−scale and the long −term behaviour of the planets Paul E. Olsen and Dennis V. Kent Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 1999 357, 1761-1786 doi: 10.1098/rsta.1999.0400 Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top right-hand Email alerting service corner of the article or click here To subscribe to Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A go to: http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/subscriptions Downloaded from rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org on January 19, 2012 Long-period Milankovitch cycles from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic of eastern North America and their implications for the calibration of the Early Mesozoic time-scale and the long-term behaviour of the planets By Paul E. Olsen1 and Dennis V. Kent2 1Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA ([email protected]) 2Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA ([email protected]) During the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, the Newark rift basin of the northeastern US accumulated in excess of 5 km of continental, mostly lacustrine, strata that show a profound cyclicity caused by the astronomical forcing of tropical climate. The Newark record is known virtually in its entirety as a result of scientific and other coring and provides what is arguably one of the longest records of climate cyclicity available. -
Anatomy and Relationships of the Triassic Temnospondyl Sclerothorax
Anatomy and relationships of the Triassic temnospondyl Sclerothorax RAINER R. SCHOCH, MICHAEL FASTNACHT, JÜRGEN FICHTER, and THOMAS KELLER Schoch, R.R., Fastnacht, M., Fichter, J., and Keller, T. 2007. Anatomy and relationships of the Triassic temnospondyl Sclerothorax. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52 (1): 117–136. Recently, new material of the peculiar tetrapod Sclerothorax hypselonotus from the Middle Buntsandstein (Olenekian) of north−central Germany has emerged that reveals the anatomy of the skull and anterior postcranial skeleton in detail. Despite differences in preservation, all previous plus the new finds of Sclerothorax are identified as belonging to the same taxon. Sclerothorax is characterized by various autapomorphies (subquadrangular skull being widest in snout region, ex− treme height of thoracal neural spines in mid−trunk region, rhomboidal interclavicle longer than skull). Despite its pecu− liar skull roof, the palate and mandible are consistent with those of capitosauroid stereospondyls in the presence of large muscular pockets on the basal plate, a flattened edentulous parasphenoid, a long basicranial suture, a large hamate process in the mandible, and a falciform crest in the occipital part of the cheek. In order to elucidate the phylogenetic position of Sclerothorax, we performed a cladistic analysis of 18 taxa and 70 characters from all parts of the skeleton. According to our results, Sclerothorax is nested well within the higher stereospondyls, forming the sister taxon of capitosauroids. Palaeobiologically, Sclerothorax is interesting for its several characters believed to correlate with a terrestrial life, although this is contrasted by the possession of well−established lateral line sulci. Key words: Sclerothorax, Temnospondyli, Stereospondyli, Buntsandstein, Triassic, Germany. -
Progress in the Gondwanan Carboniferous–Permian Palynology and Correlation of the Nilawahan Group of the Salt Range, Pakistan: a Brief Review
Progress in the Gondwanan Carboniferous–Permian palynology and correlation of the Nilawahan Group of the Salt Range, Pakistan: A brief review Irfan U Jan National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. e-mail: irfan [email protected] This paper comprises of two sections. The first section describes challenges in the Carboniferous–Permian Gondwanan stratigraphic palynology, and progress in techniques such as presence of the ‘rare-marine intervals’, and ‘radiometric dating’ in some Gondwanan successions, e.g., South Africa, Australia and South America, as tools to confidently calibrate these palynozones. The second section describes devel- opments in the palynological work on the Carboniferous–Permian Nilawahan Group of the Salt Range, Pakistan, and summarises their correlation with the coeval succession of the Gondwana continents and with the Russian/International stages. 1. Introduction hydrocarbon-reserves and also bear remarkable traces of the advance and retreat of the ice from The Salt Range occupies a crucial position in the around the South Polar regions. However, the Salt geological history of Pakistan both in time and Range succession have received limited attention, space. In the time, because the late Palaeozoic although in this tectonic jigsaw puzzle, it repre- stratigraphy of the area represents the end of the sents a place near the very margin of the vast greatest glaciation of the Phanerozoic earth sys- glaciated region (Jan et al., in review). tem, the Carboniferous–Permian, and in space, Previously, some palynological taxonomic work because during that time it lay next to the land- was undertaken on the Salt Range units and mass now represented by Oman, Saudi Arabia attempts were made to understand their strati- and Yemen (Jan 2012; Stephenson et al. -
Petrofacies and Paleotectonic Evolution of Permo-Carboniferous Gondwanan Sequences of the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh
Petrofacies and Paleotectonic Evolution of Permo-Carboniferous Gondwanan Sequences of the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh by Md. Iftekhar Alam A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama December 12, 2011 Keywords: Gondwanaland, Petrofacies, Paleotectonic, Permo-Carboniferous, Bangladesh Copyright 2011 by Md. Iftekhar Alam Approved by Ashraf Uddin, Chair, Professor of Geology Charles E. Savrda, Professor of Geology David T. King, Jr., Professor of Geology Willis E. Hames, Professor of Geology Abstract The Indian subcontinent, along with Australia and Antarctica, constituted Eastern Gondwananland. Permo-Carboniferous Gondwanan sequences have been reported from several isolated basins of the Peninsular India. These siliciclastic sequences were drilled in intra-cratonic basins in northwest Bengal Basin. This ~1-km-thick sequence consists primarily of massive and trough cross-bedded sandstones and laminated mudstones, with localized conglomerate and coal layers. Sandstone petrography, heavy mineral assemblage studies, heavy mineral geochemistry, and detrital geochronology were used in this study to decipher provenance history of Gondwanan sediments at two localities (Khalashpir and Barapukuria) from the Bengal Basin of Bangladesh. Petrographic studies suggest that these sequences are mostly immature and poorly sorted arkosic sandstones (Khalashpir-Qt58F30L12, Barapukuria-Qt52F31L17), with some compositions ranging from quartzarenite to litharenite. Although monocrystalline quartz is dominant, considerable polycrystalline quartz fragments have also been found. K-feldspars dominate over plagioclase feldspars. Among lithic fragments, sedimentary types are abundant. Significant amounts of chert are observed. Heavy minerals are volumetrically rare and of low diversity in sediments of northwest Bangladesh. However, samples from Khalashpir have higher heavy mineral concentrations than ii those from Barapukuria.