Nation Breaks Apart

Chapter 15 Different Economies

• South-large farms, very little factories and trade • North-small farms, large number of factories and trade Wilmot Proviso

• Proposed Banning slavery in all territories gained from the War with Mexico in 1846 • Never became law b/c southerners controlled the Senate Compromise of 1850

• Admitted CA as a free state • Banned slavery in Washington DC • Slavery was possible in all other territories gained from Mexico • Contained the Fugitive Slave Act

Fugitive Slave Act

• Accused slaves had no right to a trial and could be arrested without a warrant • Required people in the North to help capture escaped slaves (prison time and fines possible if did not help) • Many free African Americans were captured by the slave hunters Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Presented the the cruelty and immorality of slavery in a fiction novel • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe (abolitionist who helped escaped slaves) • Describes escape of a slave and her baby to Ohio Kansas Nebraska Act

• Divided the Nebraska territory into 2 states (Kansas and Nebraska) • Allowed popular sovereignty to decide if states allowed slavery or not • Allows the residents of the state to vote for what they want

Bleeding Kansas

• Civil war broke out over issue of slavery in Kansas for 3 years • 5000 Missouri residents illegally voted in Kansas making it pro slavery • John Brown, an abolitionist, led a massacre of his pro slavery neighbors Violence in Congress

• Senator Charles Sumner insulted a senator from South Carolina • A relative of the South Carolina senator, attacked Sumner in Congress with a cane and beat him unconscious Republican Party Forms

• Northern Whig Party members joined the newly formed anti slavery political party, the Republicans Election 1856

• Democrats nominate James Buchanan (from PA) • Republicans nominate John Fremont • Know Nothing Party nominated Millard Fillmore • Buchanan dominated Southern States and Fremont dominated Northern states • Buchanan wins Dred Scott Decision

• Supreme court case in 1856 • Dred Scott was a slave who had lived for a time in free territory • When his owner died, he sued for his freedom • Supreme court said he was not a citizen b/c he was a slave and therefore was not allowed to sue in US courts Lincoln Douglas Debates

• Abe Lincoln vs Stephen Douglas political debates during campaign to represent Illinois in the US Senate John Brown’s Raid

• John Brown and 18 other men captured the US military arsenal at Harpers Ferry VA. • He wanted to pass the weapons out and start a slave revolt • Brown was captured and sentenced to death along with his men that survived their fight with the US military Election of 1860

• Lincoln-Republicans • Stephen Douglas-Northern Democrats • John Breckinridge-Southern Democrats • Lincoln won b/c the North had more population

Southern Secession

• Southern states threatened to secede, or break away from the USA if Lincoln won the election of 1860 • South Carolina was the first to secede Confederate States of America

• The new country formed by the states that seceded from the Union • Named Jefferson Davis its President • Wrote a constitution similar to the US one but supported slavery and states rights in it

• Lincoln did not want to end slavery in the south but also said the states could not be allowed to secede • Lincoln did not want to invade the south but US forts in the South would need to be re-supplied