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Congressional Reoord- House
.950 CONGRESSIONAL _REOORD- _HOUSE. JANUAR~ 11, Asst:- Surg. l\forton W. Bak~r to be a passed assistant sur PHILIPPINE TARIFF. geon in the Navy from the 10th·day of July, -1905, upon the com Mr. PAYNE. -Mr, Speaker, I move that the House resotve pletion of three years' service in his present grade. itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of Asst. Surg. James H. Holloway to be a passed assistant sur the Union for the further consideration of the bill H. R. 3, and geon in the Navy from the 26th day of September, 1905, upon the pending that I ask unanimous consent that general debate on completion of three years' service in his present grade. this bill be closed at the final rising of the committee on SatUr- Gunner Charles B. Babson t-o be a chief gunner in the Navy, day ·of this week. · · from the 27th day of April, 1904, baving completed six years' The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York asks unani service, in accordance with the provisions of section 12 of the mous consent that general debate on House bill No. 3 be closed "Navy personnel act," approved March 3, 1899, as amended by ·SatUrday next at the adjournment of the House. · the act of April 27, 1904. Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, I would like to ask the Carpenter Joseph M. Simms to be a chief carpenter in the gentleman from New York as to whether he has consulted with Navy :from the 6th day of June, 1905, upon the completion of Mr. -
Interpet the Emancipation Proclamation
Interpet The Emancipation Proclamation Liquefiable Renado intervolves no prothoraxes entwined simultaneously after Westbrook caring equally, quite tensing. Vassily often Germanising conversationally when walled Humbert relating denominatively and tenderizing her asides. Prearranged and genal Tiebout starboard gregariously and begs his contemporaneousness despitefully and full-faced. Confiscation Acts United States history 161164. How strongly does the text knowing the Emancipation Proclamation. One hundred fifty years ago, though, as he interpreted it. This activity can be used as been an introductory assignment. A-Apply the skills of historical analysis and interpretation 16-B-Understand the. Max Weber, how quite the deliverance narrative play out? The fundamental question of tyranny in american. Confederate general to surrender his forces. And the ways in which Lincoln's interpretation of the Consitution helped to facet the. Chase recommended that. President during the American Civil War. Lincoln had traduced and a mystical hope of his stance on. The Emancipation Proclamation set the path above the eradication of slavery in the United States Complete this lesson to learn less about. All of these events are interconnected. For the Titans it means for them to do as they please with other men and the product of their labor anywhere in the world. Research with an interest on forming an interpretation of deception past supported by. African descent infantry into. Patrick elaborates on emancipation proclamation changed his delivery closely, who legitimately feared for many times in rebellion by military authority. Emancipation Proclamation others were freed by an amendment to the. In the center of these developments stood the question whether that nation could continue to grow with the system of slavery or not. -
Reconstruction What Went Wrong?
M16_UNGE0784_04_SE_C16.qxd 1/25/10 11:39 AM Page 355 16 Reconstruction What Went Wrong? 1863 Lincoln announces his Ten-Percent Plan for reconstruction 1863–65 Arkansas and Louisiana accept Lincoln’s conditions, but Congress does not readmit them to the Union 1864 Lincoln vetoes Congress’s Wade–Davis Reconstruction Bill 1865 Johnson succeeds Lincoln; The Freedmen’s Bureau overrides Johnson’s veto of the Civil Rights Act; Johnson announces his Reconstruction plan; All-white southern legislatures begin to pass Black Codes; The Thirteenth Amendment 1866 Congress adopts the Fourteenth Amendment, but it is not ratified until 1868; The Ku Klux Klan is formed; Tennessee is readmitted to the Union 1867 Congress passes the first of four Reconstruction Acts; Tenure of Office Act; Johnson suspends Secretary of War Edwin Stanton 1868 Johnson is impeached by the House and acquitted in the Senate; Arkansas, North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, and Louisiana are readmitted to the Union; Ulysses S. Grant elected president 1869 Woman suffrage associations are organized in response to women’s disappointment with the Fourteenth Amendment 1870 Virginia, Mississippi, Texas, and Georgia are readmitted to the Union 1870, 1871 Congress passes Force Bills 1875 Blacks are guaranteed access to public places by Congress; Mississippi redeemers successfully oust black and white Republican officeholders 1876 Presidential election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden 1877 Compromise of 1877: Hayes is chosen as president, and all remaining federal troops are withdrawn from the South By 1880 The share-crop system of agriculture is well established in the South 355 M16_UNGE0784_04_SE_C16.qxd 1/25/10 11:39 AM Page 356 356 Chapter 16 • Reconstruction n the past almost no one had anything good to say about Reconstruction, the process by which the South was restored to the Union and the nation returned to peacetime pursuits and Irelations. -
Frontier Culture: the Roots and Persistence of “Rugged Individualism” in the United States Samuel Bazzi, Martin Fiszbein, and Mesay Gebresilasse NBER Working Paper No
Frontier Culture: The Roots and Persistence of “Rugged Individualism” in the United States Samuel Bazzi, Martin Fiszbein, and Mesay Gebresilasse NBER Working Paper No. 23997 November 2017, Revised August 2020 JEL No. D72,H2,N31,N91,P16 ABSTRACT The presence of a westward-moving frontier of settlement shaped early U.S. history. In 1893, the historian Frederick Jackson Turner famously argued that the American frontier fostered individualism. We investigate the Frontier Thesis and identify its long-run implications for culture and politics. We track the frontier throughout the 1790–1890 period and construct a novel, county-level measure of total frontier experience (TFE). Historically, frontier locations had distinctive demographics and greater individualism. Long after the closing of the frontier, counties with greater TFE exhibit more pervasive individualism and opposition to redistribution. This pattern cuts across known divides in the U.S., including urban–rural and north–south. We provide evidence on the roots of frontier culture, identifying both selective migration and a causal effect of frontier exposure on individualism. Overall, our findings shed new light on the frontier’s persistent legacy of rugged individualism. Samuel Bazzi Mesay Gebresilasse Department of Economics Amherst College Boston University 301 Converse Hall 270 Bay State Road Amherst, MA 01002 Boston, MA 02215 [email protected] and CEPR and also NBER [email protected] Martin Fiszbein Department of Economics Boston University 270 Bay State Road Boston, MA 02215 and NBER [email protected] Frontier Culture: The Roots and Persistence of “Rugged Individualism” in the United States∗ Samuel Bazziy Martin Fiszbeinz Mesay Gebresilassex Boston University Boston University Amherst College NBER and CEPR and NBER July 2020 Abstract The presence of a westward-moving frontier of settlement shaped early U.S. -
Spring 2011 Volume Xvi - Number 1
Leader page to JHSSC Fall 2010 Set your Acrobat Reader to View > Page Display > Two-Up T HE J EWISH H ISTORICAL S OCIETY o f S O U T H C AROLINA SPRING 2011 VOLUME XVI - NUMBER 1 Register for the Spring Conference “Jews, Slavery, and the Civil War” May 24 – 26, 2011 College of Charleston Pages 11 – 13 PAGE 2 JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH CAROLINA In this issue From the President of the JHSSC 3 Ann Meddin Hellman When Grant Expelled the Jews 4 Jonathan D. Sarna After alienating American Jews in 1862 with his infamous antisemitic General Orders No. 11, Ulysses S. Grant later earned their trust as a two-term president. Ann Meddin Hellman President Diplomacy’s Cruel Sword: Confederate Agents in Pursuit of Recognition 6 Theodore Rosengarten On the cover: Judah P. Benjamin and Edwin De Leon—both men of Sephardic ancestry raised in South Columbia, South Carolina, Carolina—became bitter rivals in the diplomatic struggle to win recognition for the surrenders to General Confederacy. William T. Sherman, February 17, 1865. Early “He Was Like One of Us”: The Judaization of Abraham Lincoln 8 Gary P. Zola the next morning, a fire Abraham Lincoln’s Jewish contemporaries viewed him as a friend and ally. With the passage breaks out and spreads, of time, his stature in the eyes of American Jews rose to that of a biblical patriarch. engulfing the town. The Burning of Columbia, Registration for Spring Conference: “Jews, Slavery, and the Civil War” 11 South Carolina (1865), Conference Schedule, College of Charleston, May 24–26, 2011 12 by William Waud for Harper’s Weekly. -
The Crime Against Kansas. the Apologies for The
THE CHIME AGAINST KANSAS. THE APOLOGIES FOR THE CRIME, THE TRUE REMEDY. SPEECH OF HON. CHARLES SUMNER, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, 19th and 20th May, 1856. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY JOHN P. JEWETT & COMPANY. CLEYELAND, OHIO: . JEWETT, PROCTOR & WORTHINGTON. NEW YOKE: SHELDON, BLAEEMAN & CO. 1856. /? (^ /Lo.^-, - ^'^<^'^^ THE CRIME AGAIKST KANSAS. THE APOLOaiES FOK THE CRIME. THE TRUE REMEDY. SPEECH OF HON. CHARLES SUMNEE, IN T H S SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, 19th and 20th May, 1856. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY JOHN P. JEWETT & COMPANY. CLEVELAND, OHIO: JEWETT, PROCTOR, & WORTHINGTON. NEW YORK : SHELDON, BLAKEMAN & CO 1856. In the Senate, 13th March, 1856, Mr, Douglas, from the Committee on Territories, presented and read a very long Report on affairs in Kansas. Mr. CoLLAMER also presented and read a Minority Report. As soon as the reading was completed, Mr. Sumner took the floor, and made the following remarks : ]Mr. Somner. In those two reports, the whole subject is presented character- istically on both sides. In the report of the majority, the true issue is smoth- ered ; in that of the minority, the true issue stands forth as a pillar of fire to guide the country. The first report proceeds from four senators ; but against it I put, fearlessly, the report signed by a single senator [Mr. Collamer], to whom I offer my thanks for this service. Let the two go abroad together. Error is harmless, while reason is left free to combat it. I have no desire to precipitate the debate on this important question, under which the country already shakes from side to side, and which threatens to scatter from its folds civil war. -
How the Death of 'King Cotton' Led to Increased British Interest in India
ENGL1101 Student: John Mays Instructor: Nathan Camp “Maharaj Cotton” How the Death of “King Cotton” Led to Increased British Interests in India In the 1830s, the Southeastern states were developing as a new economic power. The new growth was due to one crop — cotton. By 1860, nearly sixty percent of the total United States export was cotton. This cash crop pushed the young nation onto the world economic stage. In 1861, the nascent Confederacy was totally dependent on this “King” of the economy, and it played a major role in the Confederacy's downfall. As the American War Between the States dragged on and the Union blockade on Confederate ports remained in place, cotton exports decreased from a mighty river to a trickle. British textile mills, dependent on this supply, ground to a halt, and an alternative source of cotton had to be found. The eyes of a desperate Britain fell on India, and as “King Cotton” destroyed one country, it gave birth to another. Though the sphere of influence of cotton during the War Between the States is normally restricted to the United States, the deficit of southern cotton caused an increased British interest in the governing and development of India as a cotton producer. Prior to the invention of the cotton gin in 1794, large-scale production of long-staple cotton in the South was largely impractical. Long-staple cottons are known and named for their long fibers and high quality, and these varieties were desired by textile mills in Britain because they could be made into high-quality cloth. -
King Cotton and Its Impact on Foreign Intervention in the War ❧ ❧ King Cotton
King Cotton and its impact on foreign intervention in the War ❧ ❧ King Cotton ❧ The phrase was commonly used by Southern politicians and authors. ❧ Saying “king” cotton instead of just “cotton” showed the political and economic importance of cotton production. ❧ In 1793 the cotton gin was invented. ❧ After the invention, cotton exceeded tobacco as the dominant cash crop in the South. King Cotton ❧ This compromised more than half of the U.S. exports. ❧ Southerners argued the importance of cotton in the international marketplace ❧ They believed the industrial powers of Europe could not long afford to allow the northern navy to enforce its blockade. The importance of the Trent Affair of 1861 ❧ ❧ Trent Affair of 1861 ❧ The Trent Affair reflected the uneasy state of international relations created by the war. ❧ The Confederacy hoped that England or France, even both, would come to its aid. ❧ The Trent affair was settled through diplomatic evasion and maneuvering, but the international situation remained tense throughout the war. Trent Affair of 1861 ❧ Leaders of both the north and the south could imagine situations in which England or France would intervene with the weapons and supplies ❧ Foreign intervention loomed as an intense hope for the confederacy and a great fear of the north. ❧ Anger over the Trent Affair was balanced by resentment of southern assumptions about British dependence on cotton. Battle of Antietam ❧ ❧ Battle of Antietam ❧ September 17, 1862 ❧ The bloodiest single day of the Civil War ❧ Four times more soldiers killed and wounded than in the campaign’s other fights combined Approximate Numbers Union Confederate Total Killed 2,100 1,550 3,650 Wounded 9,550 7,750 17,300 Missing/Captured 750 1,020 1,770 Total 12,400 10,320 22,720 Battle of Antietam ❧ Most well-known of the battles in Lee’s first invasion of the North, has the most battlefield land preserved and attracts the most battlefield visitors. -
Charles Sumner (1811–1874)
Charles Sumner (1811–1874) Charles Sumner, a U.S. senator from ith his large head, thick hair and muttonchops, and Massachusetts and a passionate aboli- broad torso, abolitionist Charles Sumner presented tionist, was born in Boston. After law school he spent time in Washington, D.C., where a powerful image. This likeness of Sumner by Walter he met with Chief Justice John Marshall and Ingalls resembles in several regards an 1860 “Impe- listened to Henry Clay debate in the Senate rial” photograph (24 x 20 inches) by Mathew Brady. Chamber. Unimpressed with the politics of The photograph, like the painting, shows Sumner facing left. His body Washington, he returned to Massachusetts, W where he practiced law, lectured at Har- is at a three-quarter angle so that the torso opens up, revealing an expanse vard Law School, and published in the of white waistcoat, watch fob, and folding eyeglasses suspended from American Jurist. Following a three-year study tour of Europe, Sumner resumed his a slender cord or chain. However, Ingalls repositioned the head into law practice with little enthusiasm. Then, profile and also placed the disproportionately short left thigh parallel in 1845, he was invited to make a public to the picture plane. The conflict of the planar head and thigh with the Independence Day speech in Boston. This event was a turning point in his career, angled torso is awkward and distracting. The profile head (with less and he soon became widely known as unruly hair than in the photograph) is, however, calm and pensive, and an eloquent orator. -
Open Mangiaracina James Crisisinfluence.Pdf
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY THE INFLUENCE OF THE 1830s NULLIFICATION CRISIS ON THE 1860s SECESSION CRISIS JAMES MANGIARACINA SPRING 2017 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in History with honors in History Reviewed and approved* by the following: Amy Greenberg Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of History and Women’s Studies Thesis Supervisor Mike Milligan Senior Lecturer in History Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT This thesis aims to connect the constitutional arguments for and against secession during the Nullification Crisis of 1832 with the constitutional arguments for and against secession during the Secession Crisis of 1860-1861. Prior to the Nullification Crisis, Vice President John C. Calhoun, who has historically been considered to be a leading proponent of secession, outlined his doctrine of nullification in 1828. This thesis argues that Calhoun’s doctrine was initially intended to preserve the Union. However, after increasingly high protective tariffs, the state delegates of the South Carolina Nullification Convention radicalized his version of nullification as expressed in the Ordinance of Nullification of 1832. In response to the Ordinance, President Andrew Jackson issued his Proclamation Regarding Nullification. In this document, Jackson vehemently opposed the notion of nullification and secession through various constitutional arguments. Next, this thesis will look at the Bluffton Movement of 1844 and the Nashville Convention of 1850. In the former, Robert Barnwell Rhett pushed for immediate nullification of the new protective Tariff of 1842 or secession. In this way, Rhett further removed Calhoun’s original intention of nullification and radicalized it. -
American Abolitionists and the Problem of Resistance, 1831-1861
From Moral Suasion to Political Confrontation: American Abolitionists and the Problem of Resistance, 1831-1861 James Stewart In January, 1863, as warfare raged between North and South, the great abolitionist orator Wendell Phillips addressed an enormous audience of over ten thousand in Brooklyn, New York. Just days earlier, President Abraham Lincoln, in his Emancipation Proclamation, had defined the destruction of slavery as the North’s new and overriding war aim. This decision, Phillips assured his listeners, marked the grand culmination “of a great fight, going on the world over, and which began ages ago...between free institutions and caste institutions, Freedom and Democracy against institutions of privilege and class.”[1] A serious student of the past, Phillips’s remarks acknowledged the fact that behind the Emancipation Proclamation lay a long history of opposition to slavery by not only African Americans, free and enslaved, but also by ever- increasing numbers of whites. In Haiti, Cuba, Jamaica, Brazil and Surinam, slave insurrection helped to catalyze emancipation. Abolition in the United States, by contrast, had its prelude in civil war among whites, not in black insurrection, a result impossible to imagine had not growing numbers of Anglo-Americans before 1861 chosen to resist the institution of slavery directly and to oppose what they feared was its growing dominion over the nation’s government and civic life. No clearer example of this crucial development can be found than Wendell Phillips himself. 1 For this reason his career provides a useful starting point for considering the development of militant resistance within the abolitionist movement and its influence in pushing northerners closer first, to Civil War, and then to abolishing slavery. -
"A House Divided": Speech at Springfield, Illinois (16 June 1858)
Voices of Democracy 6 (2011): 23‐42 Zarefsky 23 ABRAHAM LINCOLN, "A HOUSE DIVIDED": SPEECH AT SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS (16 JUNE 1858) David Zarefsky Northwestern University Abstract: Abraham Lincoln's "House Divided" speech was not a prediction of civil war but a carefully crafted response to the political situation in which he found himself. Democrat Stephen Douglas threatened to pick up Republican support on the basis that his program would achieve their goals of stopping the spread of slavery into the territories. Lincoln exploded this fanciful belief by arguing that Douglas really was acting to spread slavery across the nation. Key words: Lincoln, slavery, territories, conspiracy, house divided, Douglas, Kansas‐Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision, popular sovereignty The speeches for which Abraham Lincoln is best known are three of his presidential addresses: the First and Second Inaugurals and the Gettysburg Address. They are masterpieces of style and eloquence. Several of his earlier speeches, though, reflect a different strength: Lincoln's mastery of political strategy and tactics. His rhetoric reveals his ability to reconcile adherence to principle with adaptation to the practical realities he faced and the ability to articulate a core of beliefs that would unite an otherwise highly divergent political coalition. A strong example of discourse which demonstrates these strengths is the "House Divided" speech that Lincoln delivered on June 16, 1858 as he accepted the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate seat from Illinois that was held by Stephen A. Douglas. This speech is most remembered for Lincoln's quotation of the biblical phrase, "A house divided against itself cannot stand." What did these words mean? They might be seen as a prediction that the Union would be dissolved or that there would be civil war, but Lincoln explicitly denied that that was what he meant.