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il258 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANU.A_R,y 8 By Mr. WATRES: A bill (II. R. 16071) granting an increase 4o05. By l\lr. NEWTON of Minnesota: Resolution passed at of pension to Ellen Taylor ; to the Committee on Iuvalid annual convention of Minnesota Canners' Association, urging Pensions. passage of appropriation of $10,000,000 for fight and control of By :Mr. ·woLVERTON: A bill (H. R. 10072) granting an European corn borer; to the Committee on Agriculture. increase of pension to Chathrine J. 1\fcGregor; to the Committee 4506. Also, petition of sundry residents of Minneapolis, urg­ on In·ralid Pensions. ing further Cinl War pension lef,rislation; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. PETITIONS, ETC. 4507. By Mr. O'CONNELL of New York: Petition of the Under clau~e 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid Spirit of '76 Council, No. 37, Junior Order United American on tile Clerk's desk and referred as follows: Mec:hanics, of Brooklyn, N. Y., opposing the \Vadsworth 4487. By Mr. BRIGH.A.l\I: Petition of George Loiselle and amendment to House bill 6238; to the Committee on Immi­ other citizens of Swanton, Vt., favoring the passage of pension gration and Naturalization. legh;lation for tile relief of veterans of the Civil 'Var and their 4508. Also, petition of the American Steams;hip Owners' AR­ widows ; to the Committee on Invalid P ensions. sociation, of New York City, favoring the Senate amendment 4488. By Mr. BURTON: Resolution adopted by the Board restoring the necess;ary appropriation to pay for the carriage of County Commissioners, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, Ohio, of mails during the fiscal 1028, in the Treasury-Post December 31, Hl26, approving the e~ta.blishment of a national Office appropriation bill; to the Committee on Appropriations. post road and military highway from a point on or near the 4Gro. By :Mr. THURSTON: Petition of citizens of Lor"lmor, Atlantic coast to a point on or near the Pacific coast; to the Iowa, and vicinity, requesting that the alien deportation bill be Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. passed and no modification of the immigration law be passed ; 4480. By l\lr. COCHRAN: Petition on the persecution of to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. Jews in Rumania adopted by th~ J cwi~h Federation of St. 4510. Also. petition of citizens of Garden Grove, Iowa, and Louis, Tuesday, January 4, 1927, submitted by the officers­ vicinity, requesting steps be taken to bring to a vote thf' Civil Julius Glaser, president; Ferdinand S. Back, director; and War pension bill in order; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Bernard Greeufelcler; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. sions. 4400. By l\Ir. CRAMTON: Petition of Rasmus Larsen and 4511. Also, petition of citizens of O~ceola, Iowa, against five ot11er residents of Lapee.. r County, Mich., protesting against House bill 10:l11; to the Committee on the District of Columbia. the passage of any legislation increasing the quota -of the 4512. By Mr. TINKHAl\I: Resolution of the council of ad­ southern countries of Europe; to the Committee on Immigra­ ministration, Department of Ma~sachusetts, Veterans of Foreign tion and Naturalization. Wars of the United States, that 11 request be made of Congress 4491. By 1\Ir. DRIVER : Petition signed by citizens of l\IiRsiR­ that the adjusted service certificate be matured immediately; sippi, Craighead, and 1Voodruff Counties, Ark., urging immediate to the Committee on ·world War Veterans' Legislation. action and support of the Civil War pension bill granting relief 4513. By 1\lr. 'VATSON: Petition presented by John Ruttle, to needy and suffering veterans and their widows ; to the Com- containing 2,000 names, voters of the ninth congressional dis­ mittee on Invalid Pensions. .. trict of Pennsylvania, for enforcement of the eighteenth amend­ 4492. By l\Ir. FROTHINGHA..:M: Resolution adopted by the ment, nnd in opposition to the increase of alcoholic contents in mayor and city council of the city of Brockton, Mass., urging beverages; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the immediate passage of legislation ; to the Committee on the :\Ierchant Marine and Fisheries. 4403. AL'>o, petition of employees of the Pneumatic Scale Cor­ SENATE pora tiou (Ltd.), of Norfolk Downs, Mass., favoring the im­ mediate passage of radio legislation; to the Committee un the SATURDAY, January 8, 19127 2\Ierchant Marine and Fisheries. The Chaplain, Rev. J. J. 1\Iuir, D. D., offet·ed the followiug 4494. By Mr. GALLtV AN: Petition of Mr. Julius Daniels, prayer: 4 Harlem Street, Dorchester, Mass., urgin~ prompt enactment of proper legislation to clear up the situation regnrding radio Our Father, the author and giver of life, we turn our broadcasting; to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and thoughts toward Thee thi~ morning recognizing Thy bless­ Fislleries. ings, not that we deserve them but out of Thy mercy Thou 4405. By l\lr. HICKEY: Petition signed by Mrs. :Mary L. dost regard us and help us. Be pleased to be very near to Garner, 721 North Hill Street, South Bend, Ind .. and numerous eaeh one, and may every duty be performed in Thy fear am.L other citizens of South Bend, advocating more liberal pensions for Thy glory, and so guide our ways. We ask in Jesus Ohrist's for Civil War veterans and their widows ; to the Committee on name. Amen. Invalid Pensions. The Cilief Clerk proceeded to rend the J oumal of yester­ 4406. By 1\ir. HUDSON: P~tition of the citizens of Royal dny's proceectingR when, ou request of Mr. CuR'l'TS and by unnni· Oak. Mich., opposing the passage of Hou ::~e bill 1Wll, or any mous conRent, the further reading was dispensed with and the other bill enforcing tbe obsenance of the Sabbath; to tile Com­ Journal was approved. mittee on the District of Columbia. 4-107. By l\Ir. JACOBSTEIN: Petition signed by 101 citizens REPORT OF DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAX REVOLUTION of Rochester, N. Y., urging relief· for Civil War veterans and The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate, pursuant to 'vidows; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. law, the annual report of the National Society of the Daugh­ 4-108. By Mr. KIESS: Petition of citizens of Williamsport, ters of the Amet·i<.:an Revolution, which was referred to the Pa.. favoring the pa~sagc of -:e bill 13450, granting increase Committee on Printing. of pension to widows of Civil 1Yur soldiers; to the Committee MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE on Iuvnlid Pensions. 4-:1:00. By Mr. LEA of California: Petitions of 64 resident· of A message from the Honse of Rept·esentntives, by Mr. Chaffee, Sonoma County. Calif., and 12 residents of Lake County, Calif., one of its clerks, announced tllat the Hou,•e had passed a bill proteRt ing against compulsory Sunday observance bills (H. R. (H. R. 15G41) making nppropriati.ons for the Navy Dcpnrtment 7170 and 7822) ; to the Committee on the Dh:trict of Columbia. and thf' naval service for the fiscal year ending Jnne 30, 1928, and for other purpose::::, in which it requested the concurrence 4500. By ~Ir. M..d.NLOVE: P etition of Mr. Wm. T. Phlllips and 3G other citizt'ns of Vernon County, :\Io., urging the passage of the Senate. of legislation affecting Civil " rar veterans and their widows; ENROLLED JOINT RESOLL"TlON STONED to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. The mcss:tge also announced tllat the Speaker llau affixed 4501. By Mr. 1\IE.AD: Petition of American Steamship Own­ hi~ s ignature to the enrolled joint. reHolution ( S ..T. Res. 11~) er.' Association, favoring adequate approprintious for mail­ authorizing the selection of a ~ite uud the erection of a pcdestul transportation contracts: to the Committee on Appropriations. for the Albert Gallatin statue in Waslliugton, D. C., and it 4502. Also, petition of the Wisconsin Agriculturist, favoring ,,·as tllerenpon signed by the Vil-e President. r etluction of -class postage rates; to the Committee on tile P ost Office and Post Roads. RETIREMENT OF EMERGENCY OFFICERS 4G03. By Mr. MICHIGNER: Petition of various organization.':!, l\1r. TYSON. l\1r. President, I nsk unauimous consent that Detrr,it, l\Iich., urging tile repeal of the national origin clause No. 48G, Senate bill 3027, Jcnowu as the emergency of the 1024 immigration bill, etc.; to the Committee on Immi­ officers' retirement bill, be made a special order of business of gration and Naturalization. the Senate immediately after the concln~ion of the discuRsion 450-1. By Mr. MORRO'V: Petition in favor of House bill on and disposition of the House bill 7555, known ns the ma­ 13450, granting peusions and increase of pensions to widows ternity and infancy bill, which bill is now the unfinished busi­ and f.ormer widows of Civil 'Var veterans; to the Committee ness of the Senate. on Invalid Pensions. Mr. BINGHAM and 1\Ir. KING. I object. 1927 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-SENATE 1259 . Mr. TYSON. I move, notwithstanding the objection-­ may be lost or destroyed if the Senate does not act in the Mr. CURTIS. Mr. 'President, I demand the regular order. premises at this . I ask no action at this time further which is the presentation. of petitions and memorials. than that the petition be printed in the RECORD and lie on the The VICE PRESIDENT. The motion is not in order until table. I am now presenting a summary of the petition for the morning business is closed. convenience of the Senate. SENATOR FROM PENNSYLVANIA The petition alleges that 1\!r. V.ARE was not legally elected United States Senator and asserts that Mr. Wilson was chosen Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, I desire to by a majority of the votes legally cast. The facts upon which a petition on behalf of William B. Wilson, of Bloss­ the petition rests are summarized as follows: burg, Pa., contesting the election of WILLIAM S. V ARE, alleged That under the law of Pennsylvania the primary is an to have been elected a Senator fTom the State of Pennsylvania essential step in the .selection of a Senator, every candidate on the 2d of November, 1926. being required within 15 days after the primary to file a true My request is that the petition may Ue on the table. Subse­ and sworn statement setting forth every sum of money con­ quently a resolution authorizing a committee of the Senate to tributed and disbuxsed, as also the source of all contributions receive, take possession of, and preserve evidence will be pre­ and the object or purpose of di~bursements; that Mr. V ARE sented for the consideration of the Senate. At this time I admitted before the Senate investigating committee spending desire to submit for the convenience of the Senate a brief $71,000 of his personal funds, and that this constitutes a vio­ summary of the petition and to ask that the petiti,on itself be lation of the Federal corrupt practices act of 1!>25, which printed in the RECORD. limits expenditures of a candidate for Senator in e-ve1·y case not Mr. President, the petition charges-- to exceed $25,000. Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield to me In addition, it is charg-ed that widespread registration to make the point of no quorum? The Senator from Pennsyl­ frauds were perpetrated in Philadelphia and other cities; that vania [Mr. REED] is not present: the registration li'3ts were padded with the names of dead men Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I shall be very glad to yield and dead women, with the. names of voters sick and helpless for that purpose. in hospitals, with the names of minors and former residents Mr. CURTIS. I suggest the absence of a quorum. in voting districts, 24 witnesses having testified in a magis­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. trate's cow.·t that they had not been near the polls on election The legislative clerk called the roll, and the following Sena­ day, and yet they were recorded as having voted. tors answered to their names : In the fourteenth division of the twelfth ward it is charged Ashurst Fess La Follette Reeu, Pn. Bayard Fletcher Lenroot Hobinson, Ark. that 120 "phantoms," or imaginary persons, were counted for Bingham Frazier McKellar Robin!lon, Ind. V ARE, and that in one section of Philadelphia alone out of Blcase George 1\IcLean Sackett 1,500 districts for the whole city, 326 districts exhibited the Borah Gillett Mcl\Iaster Sheppard Bratton Glass McNary Shipstend phenomenal condition that in 31 precincts not a single vote was JJroussard Gooding Mayfield . Shortridge recorded for Mr. Wilson, and in 30 additional precincts only Cameron Greene Means Smoot 1 yote was allowed or counted for him ; that in 45 precincts Capper Hale Metcalf Stec"k Caraway Harreld Neely Stephens 2 voteR each out of an otherwise solid vote for Mr. V ARE were Copeland Harris Norbeck Stewart allowed M1·. Wi1'3on, while in 220 districts the fraudulent elec­ Couzens . Harrison Norris Swanson tion returns· showed that Mr. Wilson receh·ed only from 3 to 10 votes in each district; that these methods of corrupt E!!~:n Yo~~:n 8i~~~an ~:~:::~th registration and illegal voting were bulwarked by systematic Dill Jones, N.Mex. Phipps Walsh, Mass. and adroit terrorism and intimidation; that, p.otwithstanding Edge Jones, Wash. Plne Warren Edwards Kendrick · Pittman Watson these and otl}er corrupt practices the contestant, Mr. Wilson, Ernst Keyes Ransdell Wheeler carried 55 of the 67 counties in the State and received a heavy Ferris King . Reed, Mo. Willis vote in 10 of the 12 counties coming to Pittsburgh with a ma­ Mr. HEFLIN. I desire to announce that the senior Senator jority oj 98,24{) Yotes and to Philadelphia with a state-wide ma­ from Alabama [Mr. UNDERWOOD] is necessarily detained from jority, including Pittsburgh, but exclusive of Philadelphia, of the Senate by illness. I ask that this statement may stand 59,3!>2 votes. • for the day. • It is also charge

Number of persons In the Number Doyle._------In Massachusetts..•. __ 38 15 United of Revo­ Dugan·------_____ do ______14 10 Surname States lutionary Dwyer ..• ------_____ do ...• ------~ - __ 17 None. in 1790, soldiers FarrelL ______{r;;r~yi~;ania:::::: 20 None. according and sailors 28. 30 to the Fitzgerald_------______.do ______42 N one. census Fitzpatrick______In M assachusetts . • _. _ 6 None. Fl In Pennsylvania. . ..•. 31 21 ynn_ ------{In Massaehusetts. ___ _ 34 13 . fin Pennsylvania ______26 No.p f. Callaghan ______---.------••• ----.--- 164 140 K ea tmg·------·un Massachusetts ____ _ Crowley __ ------_------.------______!None. 54 10 None. 141 73 Leory . ... ------_____ do .. ..•. ____ ----- __ 17 5 125 73 ~f ahony .. ------_____ .do______-----. 20 Nono. g~~o~~!-~=====::::::::::::::::::=::::::::::::=::::::: Mahony______In Pennsylvania. ____ _ 12 Duffy __ ------133 78 19 Dwyer ______------____ ------1 None. 57 Malone·------~---- In Massachusetts .. __ _ 17 None. Maloney_ •• ------___ __ .do______Flynn ______------_.---.------. 188 108 32 10 Gallagher ______------·- 177 86 ~fcCatrrey . • ------____ .do....•. ------_-- 11 None. !None. 62 McCormick_.------.------. _. __ .do...•.• ------_ 11 None. Jiaggerty ___ ------·------·------McGuire._------____ .do ______21 N one. La1I erty ______---____ ------·------129 61 Me Laughlin_. ______•• ______-----__ ___ .do.••• ------•• Mahony______----•. __ ------.------••••• ------. 110 89 22 None. Maloney __ . ____ . __ ••• ------••• --.------127 97 McNiahon.••• ____ ------. __ ------..•...do ..••••• ----....•. 23 None. McManus. ______.------__ •••. ______..do ...• ------.-- 11 None. Molloy ____ ----.. ------127 89 MeNam ara __ . ___ •. _.• ----.•••. ______. . do ..•• ___ •••••... -- McGahy, McGahan•. ------'None. 72 11 N one. 207 143 0' DonnelL. __ .------. ______. ___ • ______.. do .... __ . ___. ____ •. 19 None. McMahon ______.------O'NeilL ______In Pennsylvania ______104 47 McManus.O'Hara ______------_ 'None. 72 'None. 122 Quinn·------In Massachusetts_. __ _ 20 10 Quinn------. 191 122 Ry n fin Pennsylvania.----­ 118 115 Shea __ ------____ ------__ --.------134 73 a ------I, In Massachusetts . . --- 76 60 !None. 66 sulli fin Pennsylvania. ____ _ 90 80 Sheehan_._ •. _.• ------__ .------1------1------van.·------·------I,In M assachusetts .. --- 49 15 Total. __ ------·------. 2,055 1,669 Of the 41 names all told, selected for the purpose of this inquiry, 1 Number said to have been less than 100. there were G,770 Revolutionary soldiers and sailors, so that, when we consider the fact that there . must be added to this number the vast Now, the total of 2,055 Includes adult men and women, the " lame, number of persons of tlle same names appearing in the land and court the blind, and the halt," boys and girls, and babes in arms, and, if records, in the baptismal, marriage, and death recorus, and in the we add an average of 75 persons for each of the seven surnames where various other classes of vital records of colonial times, we are Jn a the number is saii ew 2,580 persons of these 20 surnames in the United States in 1790. If is utterly incons istent with truth or reason. If the same inquiry were we assume that there were an equal number of persons so named in made in the ca se of each Irish name, with an analysis of the number the Colonies in 177u and that 70 per cent of them were noncom­ in each of tile original thirteen Colonies, I _am satisfied the same batants, which, according to all known statistics, is a low average-­ identical result could be shown, with greater or lesser va riations, and that would leave approximately 775 men of ·these 20 surnames capable the absurdity of the Government figures would then appear in a more of bearing arms. But as It is shown tl.lere are at l east 1,669 glaring light. The statis tics as to Irish emigration to the Colonies soldiers and· sailors so named on the Revolutionary muster rolls, previous to the Re>olution, gatnered from a thousand sources, sup­ we can understand at once how -reliable are the ligures furnished ported l>y official records and newspapers of the time, prove how itlle to us through A Century of Population Growth. Of such surnames as it would be to give any further consideration to the Government O'Neill, Sullivan, McCarthy, Reilly, Ryan; Kelly, O'Brien, Murphy, fig-ures and Impartial readers may safely be l~ft to form their own Connor, Burke, Doherty, and Connelly, there are shown to have been judgment of the value of the compilation in view of the irrefutable 9,044 of both sexes and of all ages in the United States in 1790, facts here prcsenteu. included in which number there could hardly ha>e been more than And yet this publication is the bnsls upon which is built the theory 3,000 fit fighting men when the Revolutionary War broke out, and that the Irish constituted only l.G per cent of the population of the even some of these must necessarily have remained at home to pro· United States in 1700, and, as a logical Inference, that the Irish con­ vitle a living for their dependents. But as the total number of tributed very little to the achievement of .American inuependence! soldiers and sailors of these nine names was 3,841 we have a further It is the "authority " usually quoted by learned college professors anu insight into the truth and logic of the Government figures. "near his torians" in their disquisitions u·pon the racial elements from The name of Donnelly is a striking illustration of this. Of persons which the great American people have sprung and for the a ssertion, · of this name of both sexes there are said to have been a total of made by more than one historical writer, that the Colonies which now 187 in the United States in 1790, yet there were Hi5 Revolutionary form the United States should be considered as " England trans­ soldiers so named. On the ba sis of the lou Donnellys who joined planted"! The pharisees of history may have withheld !rom Ireland the Revolutionary Army, I estimate tl.lere must have been nearly 600 the credit that is her due, but, thanks to the never-failing guiu:wce of persons of that name in America during the period of the war, and the records, we are able to show that Irish blood, brain, and brawn since the census of 1790 gives a total of only 187, it is perfectly have been a valuable acquisition to the building of the fabric of .Ameri­ plain that all of the Donnellys were not counted. To consider the can institutions and that the sons of Ireland merit mo.re prominent question-from another stanupoint, the following data are submitted recognition than has been accorded them in the pages of American as showing a comparison between the number of soldiers and sailors history. The testimony presented in this volume has been adduced of the Revolution and the number of persons on the census returns from sources which can hardly be called into question, and Its persual of 1700 in the States of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, thef?e two by those who so amusingly glorify the .Anglo-Saxon as the sole founder . being selected because it is admitted that it was in Pennsylvania the of the American race and .American ins titutions would have a chasten­ greatest number of Irish immigrants settled and the population of ing influence on their ignorance of early .American history, and woulu l\Iassachusetts is claimed to have been the most English of any part of reopen the long vista of the years at the very beginning of which they the Colonies. would see Celt and Saxon, Teuton and Gaul, working side by slue solidifying the founuations upon which this great Nation of freemen rests. ~nmber Number m Revo- . C In re>iewing this subject there is an almost uncontrollable desire to Surname State lutionary m ens us rolls of 1790 go into the !acts at greater length, so vast is the wealth of material from which to draw. But I have thought that too much detail would ------,~------1------only result in confus ing the salient features, and, in any event, the Brannan. •.. ------·------{I.n Pennsylvania •••••• u None_ story of the early Irish settlements in any one section of the country Brennan. •• ------·------In Massacbuse~ts-. __ _ 28 11 18 15 seems to be almost a repetition of the story of the Irish pioneers in 11 10 other sectio.ns of our lanu. With this in mind I have not uoue more 8::rdy~~======~f~ ~=~b~~~=== 22 None. than touch the surface, and have dealt only with concrete facts ob­ cavan agh.------23 None. irli>~~yi'vania:::::: tained from unquestionable sources. In case there should be a

WA.B~SH RIVER BRIDGE A bill ( S. 5123) granting an increase of pension to Elizanetll McCue (with accompanying papers) ; l\Ir. STEWART. From the Committee on Commerce I re· A bill ( S. 5124) granting an increase of pension to Alma J. port back favorably without amendment the bill (H. R. 13452) Kirkpatrick (with accompanying pape1·s) ; granting the consent of Congress to the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, A bill ( S. 5125) granting an increa~e of pension to Rebecca Chicago, & St. Louis Railroad Co. to construct, maintain, and C. Cocn (with accompanying papers) ; operate a railroad bridge across the Wabash River, and I sub­ A bill ( S. 5126) granting an increase of pension to Celina mit a report (No. 1228) thereon. Jane Cart (with accompanying papers) ; The bill is in the usual form; no amendments have been A bill ( S. 5127) granting an increase of p·ension to Clara l\1. reported to it, and I ask unanimous consent for its immediate Crawford (with accompanying papers) ; consideration. A bill ( S. 5128) granting au increase of pension to Cynthia The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? Jane Currier (with accompanying papers) ; 'l~here oeing no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the A bill ( S. 5129) granting an increase of pension to Rossella l!'. Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. l\lason (with accompanying papers) ; The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, A bill ( S. 5130) granting an increase of pension to Jane C. ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and pa::~sed. Hawkins (with accompanying papers) ; ENROLLED JOIJ\"T UESOLUTION PRESENTED A bill ( S. 5131) granting an in~rease of pension to Harriett Mr. GREENE, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re­ V. Becker (with accompanying papers) ; A bill ( S. 5132) granting an increase of pension to Emma ported that on t

Cll.AJ'IOE OF REFERENCE proposals for readjustment. This need not and should· not ln any way On motion of Mr. BINGHAM, the Committee on Finance interfere with present negotiations nor the current operation of the Dawes plan. On the contrary, it would facilitate them. The proposed was discharged from th~ further consideration of the bill ( S. 5067) to provide for the disposition of moneys collected conference can not be hurriedly improvised, but definite steps looking as taxes upon articles coming into the United States from the toward its organization would case the present situation, and we should Philippine Islands, and it was referred to the Committee on find ourselves cooperating helpfully and constructively with other na­ Territories and Insular Possessions. tions upon terms of a lasting settlement. A TUR~INO POINT IN HISTORY HOUSE BILL REFERRED The bill (H. R. 15041) making appropriations for the Navy In the last few the nations of western and central Europe Department and the naval service for the fiscal year ending have made an unprecedented effort to rid themselves of the menace of June 30, 1928, and for other purposes, was read twice by its future war. .At present they are succeeding beyond all expectation. title and referred to the Committee on Appropriations. In proportion to their success the whole world will share in the ben­ efits. If t]leir great adventure fails, the whole world, including our­ THE LAUSA~NE TREATY selves, will some day suffer incalculably. Mr. BLEASE. 1\fr. President, I receive many telegrams and Tbe prime condition of the success of any such movement is mutual letters in reference to various matters which come before the trust and ~nderl:ltanding. Our war-debt settlements have produced Senate. I seldom, however, urden the RECoRD with them, but I distrust and misunderstanding. When century-old political enmities are have one this morning which I feel it is my duty to ask to have yielding to common sense, an international financial problem of recent printed in the RECORD, together with my reply thereto. The origin, whatever its magnitude, should not be allowed to threaten the telegram is signed by Bishop William T. Manning, of the foremost gain in international relations since European nations l.Jegan. Cathedral of St. John the Divine, by Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, Our share in the war-debt problem arose out of our Cirtry into the and by Rev. James Cannon, jr. I suppose that all Senators war in 1917. True we should have had no occasion for war had have received similar telegrams, but, on account of informa­ there been no European war. But the controversy as to the responsi­ tion which I received in reference to Bishop Man­ bilities of European powers for the outbreak of war in 1914 is not ning's position I should like to have this telegram printed in pertinent to that other question of why we went to war in 1917. the RECORD. .America went into the war on an issue of its own. '!'be casus belli There being no objection, tlie telegram was ordered to be for the United States was unrestrained submarine warfare; behind printed in the RECoRD, as follows : which lay-in 1917-an apprehension of decisive military and naval NEw YORK, N. Y., January 7, 19~ . successes on the part of the central ' powers imperiling the develop­ COLE "L. BLEASE, ment of free institutions. The Senate, Washington, D. 0. : Our declaration of war was followed by the mobilization not only Northern Baptil:;t Church, hlelhodist Episcopal Church South, Re­ Qf our man power but also of our material and financial resources. fol'med Church, in their respective conventions, and the bishops of the From the latter we made extensive auvances to other nations fighting a · Episcopal Church have denounced the Lausanne treaty. Briefly, treaty common enemy. Thus arose the first phase of tbe war-debt problem. fails to protect legitimate American interesb; and ignores our moral lt was at a time when we were straining every effort to hasten our own obligations. It acquiesces in control by Turl:ish Government Qf rem­ direct participation in the war. From the record of debates in Con­ nants of our mission schools and in prohibition of teaching religion gress it is clear that these advances were not regarded by those who in them, and thus divests them both of their American and missionary YQted them as business transactions, but rather as joint contributions character. It condones wholesale murders by Kemalists since 1919 in to a common cause. But even it we did not have these statements, the Cilicia, .Ale.xandropol, Smyrna, and Mosul. It abandons untold thou­ grants themselves would have been justifiable upon no other grotmd. sands of Christian girls now in Moslem hands to their fate. It. re­ That the borrowers used the credits to help win their own wars is puilia tes President's awat·d to Armenia, leaves to Turkey territory undoubtedly true ; but the reason that we loaned them the money was involved now practically uninhabited, and accepts recent decree by the fact that by so doing they were also helping us to win our war. .Angora forbidding reentry into their homes of a million refugees and If this were not so, it would mean that our Government diverted for exiles; also two other decrees, one segregating within zones remaining the use of others vast sums of money and essential war supplies at a · a quarter of a million Christians, and the other debarring them from time when it was calling upon the country to make every possible sacri­ employment in public and quasi public enterprises. We know treaty fice to maintain its own cause. The credits were freely given because 1s favored by special commercial interests, but we feel most strongly they were to secure for us effective support for our own effort, either that its ratification would be a dishonor to .America and to Christian directly on the field of battle or indirectly by strengthening the nations church. associated with us. They would have been justified by no other WILLIAM T. 1\.lANNING, purpose. S. PARKES CADMAN, Not all of our war loans were useu directly for military purposes. JAMES CANXO~, Jr., Some of them helped to feed and clothe civilian populations. Some Cathedral St. John the Divine. provided permanent improvements useful after the war was over. Some of the loans were made after the armistice was concluded. JANUARY 8, 1027. In the debt settlements we have made, insufficient account bas been WILLIAM T. MA~XING. taken of tb'ose differences." Tbe origin of various items in the debts was S. rARKES C ADMAN, ignored. In justice and in reason they should have been considered. JAMES CAN::-rON, Jr., TllE DEBT SETTLEMENTS OathedraZ St. John the Divine, Nezo York, N. Y.: The United SI:Rtes early abandoned the attempt to collect the full Your wire January 7 received. I have been against the Lausanne amount called for l.Jy the original debt -contracts. The first formal treaty since I first read it. I announced my purpose to vote against it step toward establishing a new basis of debt calculations was the crea­ a long time ago. tion of the Fundiflg Commission by the act of Congress of February 9, • COLE L. BLEASE. 1!>2.2. .According to tWs act, the Allies were to pay all debts in full, INDEBTEDNESS OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS TO TilE UNITED STATES but the rates of interest were reduced to 4IA, per cent. The very first deut negotiations, those with Great Britain, showed that still Mr. W .ADSWORTH. :Mr. President, without committing my­ further reduction was necessary, and " capacity to pay" became the self to the conclusions therein set forth, I ask unanimous con­ basis of these subsequent negotiations. This was the formula used in sent that a statement by members of the faculty of political the reparations section of the Versailles treaty with reference to Ger­ of Columbia University with respect to the settlement many. .At best a vague and difficult formula, it has nevertheless, upon of the allied wnr debts be printed in the RECORD. tlle whole, been applied in a very real effort to reach satisfactory set· T~ere being no objection, the statement was ordered to be tlements. The Secretary of the Treasury has stated that the cash printed in the RECORD, as follows: values canceled in the settlemets with Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, We, the undersigned, members of the faculty of political science and in that otrered France, amount to $5,489,000,000. This means that and associated schools of Columbia University, submit tor impartial the United States is now cancelling about one-half the agg-regate sum consideration the following statement: represented by the principal and interest of the original debts. In our judgment the war-debts settlements are unsound 1n prin­ This partial cancellation would be generous to the extreme if the ciple. Certainly they ha"\'e created and are fosteling a deep sense debts had been mere business transactions. It is nevertheless regarded of grievance against us. We do not urge that the debts be completely by the debtor nations as not tonchlng the heart of the issue. Tiley canceled. Whether there should be cancellation in whole or only in bold in minu chiefly those credits whicll were used to wnge war. They part depends on many complicated factors yet to be studied. What contend that they should not in fairness be required to repay advances we do urge is complete r econshleratlon in the light of present knowl­ that were eXl)ended for our benefit as well as for their own at a time edge. To this end we believe that an international conference should when money was our only contribution. For over a year after our be called to re"dew the entire problem of deiJt payments and make declaration of war their troops almost alone held the enemy in check. 1927 CONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-SENATE 1267 This was the critical period during which Germany, freed on the East, commodity imports or the present annual commodity exports of the brought the whole weight of its power to break the western front. United States. This percentage is smaller than tbe year-to-year fluc­ During this supreme crisis, if the Allies had .spared lives or if we had tuations which have actually occurred in either exports or imports stinted supplies, our war as well as theirs might have been lost. since the war. No attempt to reopen these pages of history was made in the nego­ (2) The scheduled annual payments for tbe next few years will tla tion of debt settlements. This was chiefly because the act creating constitute, it is estimated, less than one-third of 1 per cent of our our DeM Funding Commission allowed only limited discretion to that annual national income. Even the increased payments called for in body. Moreover, there is no way to compare the value of supplies with later years will not exceed one-half or 1 per cent of the probable that of lives sacrificed in war. national income. The points ignored in the official settlements, however, have been (3) The scheduled annual debt paym<'nts will make much J ·~ss all the more accentuated in popular d.iscussion. The controversy has difference In the American tax IJlll than is generally suppo=:ed. ranged far beyond the question of money. Tbe question of generosity The payments due in the next four years amount to less than $2 between debtor and creditor has been discussed upon terms of what annually for each person in this country. They amount to less than equivalent, moral or material, lias been rendered for the sums advanced. 10 per cent of the estimated yield of the Federal income tax of To the minds of our debtors this is the core of the controversy. Sooner 1!>27; 1111d if applied entirely to a reduction in the personal income or latet· we shall be compelled to give consideration to this point of tax rate they would make a difference of only $2 a year to a typical view. income-tax payer with net income of $5,000 a year. The latest tabu­ But before addressing ourselves to the more vital aspects of the lation shows that in 1924, !)O per ceut of the Federal income tax­ controversy we must call attentton to serious defects in the t>xisting l)ayers paid on net incomes of less than $5,000. settlements. ( 4) Fulfillment of the debt agreements nl'ces"sarily Imposes on THE EXISTING SETTLEME~TS European deutors hardships much greater than the IJenelits that accrue The existing settlements rest upon a basis which is itself open to to America. Grea{ Britnin, Frnnce, Italy, ancl other European coun­ questJon. The formula "capacity to pay," which, in the case or ordi­ tries are already IJearing burdens which strain their courage and nary deut adjustments, may be applied to the possible benefit of both streugth. 'l'axation, in proportion to income and population, is be­ parties, proves difficult, if not impossible, of just application in the tween two and three times heavier in England, France, and Italy than case of deiJts so vast as to reach over two or three generations. In it is in the United States. Paymt>nts that could at best mean a most of the debt settlements the period agreed upon stretches forward paltry gain for most American taxpayers mean to the overtaxed 62 years. The t>stimates of capacity are of necessity based upon the debtors a crushing load. statistics of the pre-war period and those of the abnormal post-war A ~EW BASIS POSSIBLE or t·econstruction period. Obviously there are no ligures for the future. How impossible it is to estimate the relative economic "capacities" We mu~t substitute for the unfair and inappropriate principle of of nations for so long a period will IJe clear to anyone who looks back capacity to puy n full and frank rt>consideration of the d<:>bt and repara­ over the last 62 years. The steel industry of GPrmany, now far sur­ tion problems in an international conference to which all the countriPs passing that of England, is almost entirely the product of t11e last concerned sball st>nd reprt>sPnta.tives. To this conference the repre­ half ct>ntury. Similarly, otht>r basic industries, such as coal, whPat, tJentaUves of the United States should go, not with rigid instructions cotton, rubber, potash, and cvt>n gold, are in process of redistribution like those hampering our Debt Commission, but with directions to among the countries of the world. Nations to-day are changing thPir determine what settlement, compatible with the demands of justice, relative positions t>Vt>n more rapidly than in the past. How, then, would seem bt>st calculated to promote the future peace and prosperity can thet·e be any degree of certainty in the estimates of fllture capacity, of the world. 'l'his is a joint enterprise. It calls for similar action by upon which this settlement so largely rests? It is surely unjust to other nations and affects all international monetary operations dlrectly fix the burdens of future generations on the basis of guesswork. caused uy the war. This injustice is all the more evident when one compares the various We realize that this statemen.t has touched upon only a few <>f th~ settlements and notes the wide discr·epanci<:>s in liberality. On a 41,4. mnny aspects of this complex question. We have said nothing about per cent interest IJasis France is to pay only 50 per cent, Belgium 54 the leg-ulity of our claim to full payment. That is conceded by all of per cent, <>f the whole debt (Interest included). Great Britain is to the dcl>tor nations. We have passed o\-·er the fact that while the ad­ pay 82 pet· cent, while Italy pays only 26 per cent. Whatever justifica­ vances were ma,le by the United States Government the means required tion there may have been for differences In treatment of the various were securNl by issues of bonds to our own citizens, which bonds must national debts, it is unfortunate that the principle "capacity to pay" be paid with interest whether or not the debtor nations make repay­ should result in Ruch striking variations as these. ment. But to the extent that these advances were used by our asso­ Still more regrettable is the impression which the formula conveys ciates to prosf'Cute the wnr to our incalculable advantage, tlley seem to concerning our attitude as creditor. To exact a payment according to 11s like other war expenses, financed through bond issues ratht>r than· the capacity of the debtors seems to imply that the exaction is accord­ through revenues from taxation. We have s11id nothing of the spt>cial 1·enson. for moderation in our claims for repaym('nt from Great Britain ing to the full capacity to pay. If this basis of st>ttlement had been growing out of the loans she was making to our continental as.•wciates, rigorously applied, it would mean that we were tbreatcnin~ to lower ::tl8o mainly to permit a more vigorous prosecution of the war, not of materially the standard of living in Europe by taking tribnte of their her declared willingness to forego repayment from them in exact pro­ every possible saving for three gPnerationR to come. This is without portion to the extent that we relax our demand for repayment from doubt a wrong interpretntioJI of the attitude of the creditor; but it is herself. This aspect must ue given due weight in any intemational a natural, popular interpretation in the debtor countries. The phrase debt conference. Finally, we have not attempted to estimate tbe gains itself, " capacity to pay," rings hard anti heartless. made by our associates, territorial and other, through the peace treaty. As a matter of fact, it was partly to escape just this kind of Their losses were incomp:trably grt>ater than onrs. They have come ont internati<>nal misunderstanding that negotiators dealt primarily wi!h of the wnr crippled and impoverished. 1\'o sober-minded economiFlt the interest instead of with the principal. The attention of tile would think of claiming tbut their gains would offRet mot·e tbnn a frac­ creditor could be drawn to the full amount of the principal, that of tion of their losses, or that should we cancel nil the debts due us their th debtors to the scaled-down interest or lessened annual paymt>nts. economic position would be raised to anything approaching ours. Unfortunately debtors and creditor looked at just the opposite items. There is one aspect of the question, however, that must not be 'l'he result is that dissatisfaction over the terms of the settlement has ignored. Can any thoughtful American view with indifference the ~xtended to a misunderstanding of motives. In the case of nations growing odium with which this country is coming to uc regarded by bound so closely and for so long to carry out agreements which seem our European associates? This would be distressing whatever the to them unjust, this dissatisfn.ction may easily wreck the plans for occasion; but when from the Enropean point of view, there is con­ world order and peace, according to which Europe is rebuilding its vincing justification for their unfavorable estimate of us, should we shatt<'red economic fabric. Our debt settlements are part and parcel not welcome a chance to talk out our differences around a confer­ of a whole network of. settlements between the otht>r powers. It is ence taiJle? Evidence is accnmulating by week that our insistence clear that the whole matter should be reexamined on a basis not of on deiJt payment will cause the hatreds, which European countries immediate expediency but of justice and of generous intention that are finding means to allay among themselves, to be concentrated would give no reasonable ground for misunderstanding. squarely against us. Already international trusts are being organized SOME ECONOlUC EFFECTS OF THE PRESENT AGREEMENTS to compete with our industries in neutral markets. Already it is Before proceeding with the proposal for a revision of the debt being pointed out that the reparation payments which threaten to policy, let us see what are the economic effects of the present agree­ hold Germany in financial bondage for two or three gt>nerations are ments. The political and moral issues are, as we have seen, of the necessary to permit the AlliE's to pay their war debts to us. A greatest importance. But it will come as a surpriRe to many to find coalition of Europe against the United States might prove a good that the material interests involved, so far as we are concerned, are thing for Europe. can anyone believe that it woultl be a good relatively small. thing for the United States? Thus the demands of justice are (1) Our scheduled annual receipts from debt payments duting the reenforced by the dictates of political expediency and the counsels of next four years will be lt>ss than 5 per cent of either the present a.nnual economic St>lf-interest in urging us to meet halfway the countrit>s of 1268 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECOR.D-SENATE JANUARY 8

Europe in tbe International Debt and Reparations CoDferenee, which Onr comp:m:r wouJd s<>t up bureau in onr building operatin~ at our we here propo!'le. expense to make these loans. Would be grateful for your considera­ John Bates Clark, Edwin R. A. Seligman, Henry R. Seager, tion and adyice. Regards. Vladimir G. Simkhovitch, Roswell C. McCrea, Henry Parker JOHN ME~CH, Willis, Wesley C. llitchell, .John Maurice Clark, James W. President Dry Block Mercantile Co. Angell, Emilie .J. Hutchinson, Elizabeth F. Baker, James 1\-lr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, in that connection I wish C. Egbert, Robert Murray Haig, Roy B. Kester, Robert H. to say that I have consulted the Director of the Veterans' :Montgomery, J. Russell Smith, T. W. VanMetre, James C. Bureau and he advises me that the offer of the Dry Block Co. Bonbright, Frederick C. Mills, William E. Weld, Rexford G. can not be accepted. It is a most generous offer, a most com­ · Tugwell, profes~ors of economics and finance. mendable one, and I know the ex-service men will appreciate Howard Lee McBain, Lindsay Rogers, Joseph r. Chamberlain, it. I desire to take this occasion to say, however, in connection He;;;sel E. Yntema, rat·ker Thomas Moon, Raymond Moley, with the telegram, that it seems to me that the Congress having Philip C. Jessup, profestlors of puulic law. virtually promised that loans would be made upon these cer­ William R. Shepherd, James T. Shotwell, Carlton J. H. Hayes, tificates at this time, we ought to make that promise good in Robert L. Schuyler, David S. Muzzey, Dixon Ryan Fox, some way. Really, 1\lr. President, we ought to cash the cer­ .Austin P. E>ans, Evarts B. Greene, Edward Earle, Harry tificates of the veterans. I favored, making a total of l,I:HI,335 aliens accorded immigration Senator from Tennessee that doubtless he is not aware that inspection in l!J!:!f). '£be number of all classes inspected in tlle previous yesterday I submitted a r~olution calling upon the Secretary fiscal year was 1,488,051, or 50,284 less than during the fiscal year of the Treasury, as ex offi<:io member and chairman of the just closed. Federal Reserve Board, to report to the Senate what plans I waut this statement to appear in the REcoBn so as to cor­ the board has for making tbel::le loans; that resolution was rect the impression that my speech may have made that there passed by the Senate yestcnlay. were only 300,000 immigrants admitted in 1926. Mr. McKELLAR I was not here at the tinie. I was en­ Mr. REED of Pennsylvania. Mr. President, just a word in gnged in committee part of the time yesterday and did not connectiQU \"\ith the statement put in the RECORD by the Senator know of the Senator's action. I hope some plan will be from Alabama [::\fr. HEFLIN]. adopted by which the Congre·s may make good to the soldiers The Senate ought to be on its guard, in reading these immi­ their promise about this matter. gration figure:s, to exclude from consideration the alien seamen Mr. COPELAND. I think it is only fair to say that the who come to our ports, are examined and listed in the veterans have not understood the situation. I have no doubt totall:l, but perhaps leave within two or three days. The Senate some plan will be worked out; but certainly that must be done ought also to remember to exclude the tourists who come to because under seetion 502 of the adjusted compensation act tbis _country from foreign countries, and those people who the Federal Ueservc Board is authorized to permit, and under certain condition::; to require, lfedcral reserve banks to redis­ vass through America in transit to other land.B. count such loans. A way must be found, becau~e. in the ab­ The net immigration is a very much smaller figure .than sence of further legislation, there Ls no other means that I appears in the~e grand totals that inc-lude all sorts of travelers know· of in which we can keep faith with the veterans. We and seamen and returning aliens who leave this country to go provided what, in the absence of loans, is simply a death abroad for a short visit. Actually the quotas total less than benefit. That is all I ever regarded it to be, anyhow, aR the lu5,000. The immig-ration from countries in this hemisphere Senator from Tenne~sce knows. I recall with pleasure thnt l1e amounts to more than that. The immigration from Canada was one of those who voted for a cash bonus. bas run between 75,000 and 100,000, and the immigration from 1\!r. McKELIJAR. Indeed I was. J\Iexico at times has run as high as 8!>,000. Mr. COPETJAND. It was only because we were blocked by I think that is the maximum. But the grand total-and I the otlter side of the Chambf!r that we did not ha>e the kind ask the Senate to remember it-includes those aliens who go of a bonus bill which would have been a real bonus biU, and a broad, and there are fifty or sixty thousand of them who go not the death benefit which was provided by the pre::;ent act. abroad in the summer, and come back and are counted in the Mr. GLASS. Mr. President, will the Senator oblige me bY totals in that way. The net gain each year is only a small readil1g the section of the act which requires bauks to make fraction of what it was prior to the adOl)tion of the quota law. theRe loans? B.ANK LOA.XS ON INSUB.A.NCE CERTIFIC-ATES l\lr. COPELAND. The Senator will recall that in my state­ ment I said that under certain conditions tbey could be re­ .Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I send to the uesk a tele­ quired to do so. gram and ask that it be read. :Mr. GLASA. No; but the Senator bas ju:st said that the law The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the telegram requires the banks to make these lon ns. will be read. 1\Ir. COPELAND. The language of the act is as follows: The Chief Clerk read as follows: The Federal Re!'lerve Board is authorized to permit, or, on the [TclPgram] affirmative vote of nt lrost five membeL·s of the Federal Heserve lloard, MKMrnrs, T:&~~., Januarv 5, 1931. to require tbe .Federal reserve banks to re<.liscount-- S£>nator K:r:~:>~r:rH D. l\I~KELun, Mr. GLASS. To reuiscount. Washiugto», D. 0.: 1\fr. COPELAND. Ye.<;. Mcmphl banks have dccldccl to not make loaDs on sol<.l.iers' adjusted­ l\lT. GLASS. 1\Ir. l)r~sident, I think there is an astonishing compensation rertiflcates. After investigation the banks believe im­ misUliderstllllding nbout the attitude of the banks anu tbe llracticable for them to mnke these loans on account of tt·emendous authority of Congress with respect to bank loans. I do not amouut of uctnil involved. Dry Block Mercantile Co. '1\'0tlld like to imagine that the Federal ReRerve Board has made any plans render service to veterans in Memphis and utljoinillg territory In tbis or that the l!'ederal Reserve Board can make any plans or that matter. Wire whether possible to get Government officials to flesrg­ the Con~resA it-.;elf eRn enact any valid legislation to compel nate Dry Block Mercutlle Co. as Govermn.ent agents in this matter. the banks of this country to loan the funds of their depositors 1927 CONGRESSION .c\L RECORD-SENATE 1269 to any class of perRons, or for any purpose, or in any circum­ It is un<.lesirable from the viewpoint of a commercial bank stances. What right has the Congre~s to compel a bank to take to loan the funds of its depositors upon 'Cnited States bonds, the deposits confided to it in trust and to loan them out for as a general proposition, the only requirement of which in a - any purpose whatsoeYer, to any class of people whatsoever? business transaction is transfer from one individual to another, And why should it be expected that the Federal Reserve Board and much less desirable is a loan on security of this description. has made or properly can make any arrangements with that I have no doubt that there are hanks with a surplus of fund::; in ·dew? which would be glad to accommodate this kind of paper, and The law makes theRe certificates as collateral security eligible yet there are tht1usnpds of banks which may, and very likely for rediscount at a Federal reserve bank, provided loans are will, regard snch loans as unde~irable. mnde on them by individual banks in due process of business; 'l'h(>refore, if Congress wants the veterans to realize on these out there is no reason why the Federal Heserve Board should certificates, it ought to hnve the conrage to appropriate fund~ make any arrangements for rediscounting these loans until the and put t.hem at the disposal of some uranch of the Govern­ individual uanks, the member banks, have made loans on ment to make loans on these certificates and not let us here them and accepted the certificates for redi:::;count. hold np the banks as engaged in some effort to frustrate the :Mr. CARA. W A.Y. l\!r. President, the whole inciclent is to be purpose of Congress. regretted. I think every ex-service man was led to uelieve ORDER OF BUSINESS-RADIO LEGlSLA'I'lO~ that his certificate would be nccepted a~ :-;ufficient collateral to procure a loan. It even bears on its back the amount that he l\fr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Will the Senator yield for will be entitled to borrow and the time at which he may expect a question? to get it. l\Ir. REED of l\li~souri. I call for the regular order. l\Ir. l\1cKELLAll. Mr. President, I simply want to mggest The VICE ·PRESIDENT. 'l'he regular order is concurrent · to the Senator that while I am not prepared to say whether and other resolutious. If there are no concurrent and other or not the act is constitutional-! am rather inclined to think resolutions, the morning business is clo~ed. that it i!:l without the power of Congress to direct a bank to Mr. UEED of Missouri. Mr. President, I rise thi:-; morning take any partieular collateral fo r a loan--out:.;ide of that, how­ to a question of per:-;onal confusion. ewr, nnqucstionalJly lJy the ':'cry wording of the act itself. the Mr. BINGHAl\1. Mr. President, is the morning bu:.;iness Congress led the soldier to tluuk that he could get the specified closed? amount of moncv on it. l\ft·. LENROOT. There is nothing before the Senate. l\lr. CA.HA WA..,l:'. Mr. President, by those who opposed the l\fr. BINGHAM. I attempted to get the floor before the ca:-;h consideration a::; adjusted compensation th~s plan was morning business was closed. sug-gested as a substitute. Conseiously or otherwise, Congress Mr. REED of Missouri. I yiel(l to the Senator. let itself be used lJy those who opposed. a cash adjusted. co~­ l\ir. BINGHAM. I desire to ask the Senator from Wash­ ·pensation to hold out, if this plan should. lJe adopte~, that m ington [l\lr. Dru,], who is in charge, on the part of the Senate, the cour~e of time--the years were uamed-the sold.1er would of the conference on the re~dio bill, in which a great many have a certificate with a cosh loan value that would be ac­ thousands of my eonstitu.ents, as well as others, are inter­ cepted by the banks everywhere. That plan could not have e..c.;t.ed, what the situation was with regard to that bill. I have ueen driven through Congress with all the force of the ad­ here a large number of letters and telegrams, which I shall not ministration ·back of it if it had not been accepted by Congress put into the REconn. The first one is an offer to seU me a and. by the ex-service men ~s a pledge. . $150 radio Ret for· ~5, !:Iince nothing more cnn be heard ou The question of con~.:tftutiona l power ought not to anse now. account of the confusion in the air. If the Senator is willing Over four millious of men dealing with the Government to let the Senator from ·washington, a member of the Com­ through Congress accepted the pledge that thi~"; should. be good mittee of Conference, ten us what has happened to that radio collateral security, and would he eligible and would be ac­ hill, fo1.· which we have been waiting so long-- cepted as collateral for a loan. If the banks want to rcfuRe to Mr. REli:D of Missouri. Can uot the Senator wait for 30 make the loan-and I rather imagine they were among those minutes, or 15 minutes? who most protested against the cash consideration for an ad­ Mr. BINGHAM. I was anxious to Ray this during the morn­ ju~ted compensation-if they want to repud.iate that now, aJ1d iug bn~iness . say ""\Ve will not make the loan," then Congress ought to do Mr. Rl1JJ!1D of 1\IiRsonri. I will not take up very murh time. tbe only deeent thing it ean do, and amend the act, and say Mr. DILIJ. I shall be glR.d to respoud to the Senntor's that every ex-service man may bring his certificate to the requet-~t whenever the opportunity is afforded. 'l'~a:.;ury and get its present cash value in money from the Mr. LENROOT rose. Trea~;ury of the United States. - I hope and I believe that Con­ Ml'. I:tEED of Missouri. Did the Senator from Wisconsin gre::;s will do one or the other of those things. desire to say something? :Mr. GIJASS. Mr. President, I agree with what the Senator Mr. LICNROOT. If the Senator will yield, I do not desire from Arkansas says. In fact, I was one of those who agreed to make a point of order, but there is no business before th~ that Congress o~ht not to hand the veterans a gold brick. I Senate. Will the Senator permit me to make a motion to was opposed to the bonus. I do not reg1·ct it. I am opp<>sed bring lll) tJw milk bill? to it now; but I took the position that if we we're going to give 1\ir. HEED of :Missouri. Yes. the soldier a lxmus we ought to give him a bonus, and ought to make payment available to him. Dut that is not what Con· IMPORTATION OF MILK gress did. Either from disinclination or cowardice, Congress Mr. r.ENROOT. I move tbnt the Senate prO<.·eed to the con­ passed this certificate statute; and now Congressmen who au vo­ sideration of House bill 11768, to regulate the importation of eated the certificate plan are undertaking to "pass the buck," milk an<.l cream into the United States for the purpose of pro­ so to speak, to the lJanks of the country, and to upbraid the moting the dairy industry of the United States and protecting uanks whereas 90 per cent of the banlcs, as the Senator from the public health. A.rkar:sas I think, correctly estimates, were opposed to any The VICE PR11JSIDENT. The question is on agreeing to bonus at 'an. But whether they were opposed to it or in favor the motion of the Senator from Wisconsin. of it it is not competent for the Congress of the United States l\Ir. KING. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum. to e~mpel any bank to loan the funds of its depositors for any The YICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call th~ roll. purpose to anybody. 'l'he legislative clerk called the roll, and the following Sena­ It is competent for Congress--and Congress has followed this tors answered to their names : course-to say that these certificates may be (>ligilJle for redis­ AshUI'st lt'{'SR Len root Robinson, Ark. count at the Federal reserve banks, but that does not signify Bayard l<'letch~r McKell at· Rollinson, Ind. that the individual lJank is under any sort of compulsion, moral llingbam ll'raziet· McLean Sackett or legal, to make loans on a class of paper that CongresH lllense George :Mcl\las~er Sheppard Borah Gillett Mc~nry Shipstead itself has so hedged about with restrictions and with red tape Bratton Glass Mayfield Shortridge proeessf's as to make loans upon that paper entirely unde­ Broussard Gooding l\Ietcalt Smoot sirable by a liquid commercial bank, because those loans are Bruce Greene Neely Steck Cameron Harreld Nori.Jeck Strphens not liquid, say what you please. They require an infinite Cnpper H:ll'ris Norris Stewart detail of identification in their pursuit, and they are alto­ Caraway Hawes Nye Swnnson gether undesirable for discount purposes at any bank doing a Copeland Heflin Oddie Trammell Couzens Johnson Overman T.vson commercial business. That was not the fault of the banks; Curtis Jones, N. l\Iex. Phipps Wadsworth that was the fault of the Congress, nnd it is not fair now D

Mr. WIIEELNR. I desire to announce that the senior Sena­ que~tion of employing all of the resources of the Uuited ~Hate::l tor from Montana [Mr. WALSH] is necessarily detained from to protect American interests. But as I proceed through tbe the Senate on official business. article my mental condition bccom~ more desperate, because The YIOE PRE~IDENT. Seventy-Rix: senators ha"Ve an­ I read this- swered to their names, and a quorum is present. The question The W11ite House made it clear- is on agreeing to the motion of the Senator from Wisconsin, that the Senate proceed to the consideration of House bill It can not be that the White House is the official spokes­ llTGS. man, but adopting that as a figure of speech and allowing it as The motion was agreed to, an

I likewise desire to haYe inserted in the RECORD a letter from JACKSONVILLE, FLA., January 1, 1927. Billings, Mont., signed by three Republicans, commending the Senator BURTO~ K. WHEELER, resolution which I introduced for the withdrawal of American United States Senate, Washington, D. C.: marines. Florida progressive Democrats applaud your stand and condemn I desire also to have inserted in the RECORD a letter from an administration for projecting itself in the Nicaragua affair. What's association of patriotic Nicaraguans in New Orleans, La., in the matter with southern Senators in this situation? Sentiment with favor of the withdrawal of the marines. invariably everyone with whom I talked is stay out of :Mexico and I likewise desire to have inserted in the RECORD a telegram South .America. Press your fight to. a finish. from a Mr. Lewhead, the State chairman of a peace society in .A. C. SHULER, Calvary Baptist Ohut·cb. Pasadena, Calif. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the re­ Mr. President, there has been a complete change in the posi­ quest of the Senator from Montana? tion of the United States since the World War. In 1899 nearly There being no objection, the papers referred to were ordered three and one-half billion dollars of European capital was in­ to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: vested here, while at that time ·our investment in foreign coun­ tries was only one-half billion. By 1909 our total foreign THE MODERN DENTISTS, holdings had reached two billion and by the close of 1913 about Billings, Mont., January 4, 1921. two and one-half billion. Foreign investors then held from Senator B. K. 'WIIEELER, four to five billion dollars worth of American securities, so we Washington, D. 0. were in debt to foreign nations by from two an

RETIREMENT OF DISABLED EMERGENCY .ARMY OFFICERS Mr. LE~"'ROOT. The motion would be in order at any time when there is no question pend~ng before the Senate, or possibly Mr. TYSON. Mr. President, if it is in order, I desire to during the morning hour if no question was pending then. move that Senate bill 3027, Calendar 486, known as the emer­ Mr. 'l'YSON. But I was told b-y the clerks at the desk that geucy officers' retirement bill, be made a special order of busi­ the motion is in order at this time. I have no desire to delay 2 ness of the Senate for January 10, 1027, at o'clock p. m. the business of the Senate, and if I am out of order I will Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. President, I suggest the absence ot a withdraw the motion. quorum. l\Ir. LENROOT. I wish to read the rule, because H ~eems The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BRA.TTON in the chair). to me that there is no question under the rule : The absence of a quorum is suggested. The clerk will call the roll. Wben a question is pending, no motion shall be received but­ The legislath·e clerk called the roll, and the following Sena­ To adjourn. tors answered to their names : To adjourn to a day certain, or that when the Senate adjourn it shall be to a day certain. 1\shnN;t Fletcher J\IcKellar Sbeppnrd 'I'o take a recess. Sbipstcad Bayard Frazier McLean To proceed to the consideration of executive business. mugbam Gillett ~lc)fastcr Smoot . lilCRHP. <-aass l\[c~ary 8lE'Ck To lay on the table. Borah Hale 1\layfieltl Stephens To poHtpone indefinitely. 8tPwart Bratton Barris :'\1etcalf To postpone to a day certain. Broussard Harrison ~eely Swanson Bruce Hawes Norris 'I'rammell To commlt. Capper H<'fiin Nye Tyson To amend. <'araway Johnson Oddie Wadsworth Copeland Jones, N. Mex. 0'\ermnn WaL..,b, :MaRs. ""hich several motion-s sbnll ha"lc prcccuencc as they stand arranged; Curtis .Tones, Wash. Phipps Walsh. Mont. n llll thP. motions relating to adjournment, to take a recess, to proceed Dale Kendrick Pittman -n'art'en t-o tbe consiueraUon ot' executive business, to lay ou the table shall be Deneen Kcyl'S naosdell Whcder ])ill King He<'d, Pa. Willis decided without debate. Ferris La Follette Robinson, Ark. Fess Len root Hobinson, Ind. The remainder of the rule relates wholly to cloture, which has nothin~ to do with this question. :Mr. KING. I desire to announce the una>oidable abse.nce of 1\Ir. Pre~ident, there is ouly 011e class of cases that I have the Senator from California [Mr. SHORTRIDGE] aml the Senator ueeu able to <.liscover where any other motion has been allowed, from Georgia [Mr. GEORGE], both of whom are engaged in the nnd that is a motion to tnke up n bill for immediate considera­ Gould in\estigation before the Committee on PriYileges and tion. It has been hclcl in one or two cases that such a motion, Elections. if agl'eed to, di~placed the bill before the Senate; but I am Tbe PRESIDING OFFICER. Sixty-six Senators ha>ing an­ frauk to say that I llnve not been able to find any authority swered to their names, a quorum is present. for that. Ulearly, however, a motion to make a given measure Mr. ·WILLIS. Mr. President, I desire to submit a parlia­ a special order is a violation of Rnle XXII when a question is mentary inquiry. The motion before the Senate i::; the motion pending before the Senate, and there is a questiou now pend­ made by the Senator from Tenne::;see ['Mr. TYsoN] that at a in~. Therefore, it seems to be, the poiut of order should be given time the Senate shall proceed to the com;ideration of a sn:-;tainerl. · bill which be has named, and that that measure ::;bull be made 1\fr. TYSON. l\lr. President, I desire a ruling of the Chair a Rpecial order for that time. UJ?On the point of ol"oor. The unfinished business, as was deci(led yesterday after con­ The PRESIDING Ol!1FICER. The Chair "\-Vill hold that the siderable debate and a very elaborate opinion by the Vice Presi­ motion is in order. dent, is the bill (H. R. 7555) to authorize for the fiscal years Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. President, I appeal from the deCision ending June 30, 1928, and ~une 30, 1D2D, appropriations for of the Cbnir. carrying out the provisions of the act entitled ".A.n aet for the Mr. LENROOT. 1\Ir. PrP.sident, if the Chair will permit me, promotion of the welfare and hygiene of maternity ancl infancy, I inquire on what theory the Chair holds that the motion of and for other purposes," approved No\ember 2::l, 1921. The the Sen a tor from Tennessee is in OJ'der? · Vice President decided that that measure was the unfinished 'l'he PRESIDING OFFICER. The ·chair is informed by the business of the Senate. varliamcntary clerk that such has been the uniform ruling of . The inquiry I submit to the Chair is this: If the motion made the Renate. The Ohair himself is not entirely familiar ,\·ith by the Senator from Tenne see shall prevail, doe~ that displace the> rule. the preseut unfinished but-:iness? Mr. J.~ENHOOT. If I mny· be pardoned, I desire to sny that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The present occupnnt of the this question has come up on only one occasion which I remem­ chair would hold that it does not displace the unfiuishc>d husi­ ber, nnd on that oc<·asion the ruling wus, · it being after 2 ness, basing the ruling on Rule X, and that the unfinished o clock, as it now i~, that the motion was not in order. This business would have precedence over the spedul. order proposed is a motion for a SP<-'eial onle1·, whi<:h i::; specifically proviclee the · most profound. respect for from Tennessee be ~tatcd . All Senators, I think, have not the opinion of the present occupant of the chair, hut I Hnture heard it. the assertion that there may be some question raised about the l\Ir. WILLIS. Lf't the clerk state the motion. I desire then effect of the motion. to be heare the opportunity again to >ote for it, but here is a matter a special order for 1\londRy, January 10, at 2 O'ClOCk p. Jn. . which is· pending before the Senate as the unfinished· business. 1\fr. TYSON. l\!r. President, I wish to· cllange the dntc to ·we ha>e to meet the question some time. I can not see that Wednesday, the 12th instant. · the Senator from Tennessee will gain anything for his bill by i\Ir. WILLIS. A parliamentary inquiry, 1\Ir. President. imdsting on his motion at this time. If he does insist upon it, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Tennes~ce I shall feel it my duty to vote against the motion, because I asks unanimous consent to modify his motion by fixing the fear it will lead to complications and confusion in the busines~ time at Wednesday, January the 12th, instead of 1\Ionday, Jan­ of the Senate· and will not promote legislation. As a friend of uary the 10th. the Senators bill I express the hope that he will not insist Mr. WILLIS. Mr. President, if I may respcctfulfy mnke the upon his motion. suggestion to the Chair, the pending question, as I uuderstan.ncUng- \

1927 CONGRESSION1\.L RECORD-SENATE 1277

The question is, Is there a question pending? Of cou~se, when I raised it myself some years ago ; and I do not think there is ; there is no doubt about that. There is a question that I am mistaken in my recollection that the Chair held pending, namely, House bill 755'5, which is before the Senate that a motion to make a bill a special order was not in order As the Senator from 'Visconsin has pointed out, the rule after 2 o'clock, as happened in that instance, while a questiou proYides: was pending before the Senate. When a question is pending, no motion shall be received, but­ Mr. 'VILLIS. I desire to make only this further observa­ tion, that if the suggestion now mnde be correct, that there Certain motionl'l which are named in the rule. A motion to is no precedent 'to be followed in this case, if we are going mnke some other bill a special order is not one of the motions to make one, we ought to make one that will operate for the named in the rule. So the rule, it seems to me, is perfectly facilitation of the business of the Senate. If it shall be here clear. I think, therefore, that the Chair is in error in the sustained that the decision of the Chair is correct, SenatorR decision which he has made. v.·m see that as we approach the end of a session there will However aside from that Mr. President, I wish to make a be a flood of motions to make this measure or that measure further ob~ervation. Partk~1larly I desire the attention 9f the a speciul order for a given day. Senators who have been Heuator from Tennei'see. here very much longer than I have been and have had much I repeat that I am friendly to his bill, but if. at t~is stage .in more legislative experience, I am sure, will bear out the the session, with less tban seven weeks of workmg time remam­ statement that making SI)ecial orders inevitably leads to con­ ino· until we mu~t adjourn by eonstitutional provision, we shall fusion, to a situation in whieh the calendar becomes cluttered no;, start in making special orr1ers, I submit, we shall find up, and ultimately greatly impedes the transaction of the public ourselves in a most confused and unfortunate condition before business. So, with regret, Mr. President, I feel that I must we reach the time of adjournment. I bE>lieve it would be bad vote not to l'mstain the dechdon of the Chair in this matter. policy to adopt the motion of the Senator from Tennessee. I Mr. ASHURST. Mr. President, I believe that the ruling of think it is better to meet these questions as they arise. If at tlte Chair is in accordance with the precedents for the following the , after the pending matter shall have been di'>­ reason : It does not require a two-thirds vote to displace the posed of, the Senator from Tennessee will make a proper unfinished business. A motion made at any time after 2 o'clock motion to take up the bill for whieh he desires consideration, to take up another bill, if carried, displaces the unfim~ed I shall vote with h im to tnke it up; but it seems to me it business, notwithstanding what has been rend. This motion to would be a very serious put·liamentary mistake to start now make the bill referred to by the Senator from Tennessee a parceling out the time until the 4th of Mareh ?Y makin~? spe­ Rpecial order requires a two-thirds vote ; and if the bill be not cial orders. I have seen that done here a few tlmes and 1t has disposed of at the time named at that meeting 'f the Senate, always led to error and disaster. · or if the Senate adjourns or recesses, the bill goes back to the Mr. l!'ESS. Mr. President, will my colleague yield to me? calendar, showing logically the intent of the rule that when a Mr. WILLIS. I yield to my colleague. special order is made it shall not displace the unfinished busi­ l\ir. FIDSS. I believe just as doe:;; my colleague with refer­ ness. I think the Chair is entirely correct in his ruling. enee to the mea~ure provosed by the Senator from Tennes:;ee Mr. DILL and l\lr. BINGHAM uddressed the Chair. [Mr. TYSON], but as to whether or not the motion to make it 'l'be PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Ari­ a special orcter i:; now in order I desire to suggest that the zona yield ;. and if so, to whom? rule in questiou designates a number of motions which nre Mr. ASHURST. J yield first to the Senator from Washington. in order while other business is pending, but it does not give Mr. DILL. Does not that mean that the right to make the the right to make a motion to take up any other measure which motion is based on the right to suspend the rules rather than is on the calendar, although such a motion is in order under to have it come under the rules? our practice. I do not think it ought ever to be in order, but it Mr. ASHURST. I hardly think so. is in order; at least, w.e have been following that practice. l\fr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, the real queR­ .My colleague will notice that such a motion is not includ~d tion, I will say in reply to the suggestion of the Senator from in the motions which are designated in the rule as being in 'Vashington, is not whether a special order displaces the un­ ordet·. What has my colleague to say about that? If it be at finished business, for it does not; there are a number of de­ all conclusive that the only motions in order are tho~e enu­ cisions to the effect that even if we made a measure a special merated in the cule, how can we proceed as we do under order it would not displace the unfinished business. But the -present practice to take uv other bills on the calendar at any point raised, as I understand it, is whether, when another ques­ time? tion is pending, the motion to make another bill a special order l\Ir. WILLIS. Mr. President, I think the question of my ·col­ is in order if objection is made to it. Now, plainly under the league is a very proper and pertinent one. The only answer rules of the Senate, I think it can not be done. I could make to it would be simply that the unquestioned prac­ Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. President, will the Senator yield to me? tice of fhe Senate through the yeurs has established the inter­ Mr. ASHURST. Yes; if I have the floor. pretation to which my colleague has just referred.. Such a Mr. BINGHAM. The Senator from Connecticut is the one motion as suggested by him undoubtedly would be m order, who appealed from the ruling of the Chair. The Senator from but it does not seem to me there is any such unbroken line of Connecticut clid not appeal from the ruling of the Chair holding precedents to support the motion now made, which is a motion that the motion did not displace the unfinished business, but of a different character. the Senator from Connecticut appealed from the ruling of the ·we are not proposing to proceed to the ronsiderntion of Chair that the motion to make a bill a specia 1 order, although another bill, but we are provosing to parcel out the time in the not enumerated in Rule XXII, was in order at this time, the future, and it seems to me that, unless there are unquestioned Senator from Connecticut believing with the Senator from Wis­ precedents to the contrary, we ought to follow the clear mean­ consin that a motion to make a measure a special order not ing of the rule. There is no chance for construction here, being enumerated in Rule XXII among the motions which may for the lnnguage is perfectly clear. be in order, it is not in order. Mr. 1!--.ESS. I think my colleague's reasoning is logical, but l\lr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. l\lr. Presid.ent, further on the I am still in confusion. If the rule enumerating the motions point that I was discussing a moment ago, the rules them­ which are in order is so conclusive, and no motion is in order selves. expressly provide that a special order shall not super­ that is not included in that list, then I should like to know sede the unfinished business. By a reference to page 15, Rule how it is that we are proceeding every day to displace the X, clause 1, we find this language: unfinished business by ·making motions to consider other measures. Any subject may, by a vote of two-thirds' of the Senators present, l\fr. WILLIS. As I have suggested to my colleague, I think be made a special order; and when the time so fixed for its considera· it is simply by following a custom so ancient that the "memory .tion arrives the Presiding Officer shall lay it before the Senate, unless of man runneth not to the contrary" ; that is all I can say of there be unfinished business of the pt·eceding day, and if it is not it · but unless there is such an unbroken line of precedents, it finally disposed of on that day it shall take its place on the calendar of se~ms to me that we are bound to follow the clear, unmistak­ special orders in the order of time at which it was made special, unless able language of the rule. it shall become by adjournment the unfinished business. l\1r. LJiJNROOT. Mr. President-- There is no question but that the proposed special order or Mr. WILLIS. I yield to the Senator from Wisconsin. any other 1 special order would not supersede the unfinished Mr. LENROOT. May I say to the junior Senator from Ohio business; but the real question is whether, when there is an­ that I have made a rather careful search of the precedents, and other question pending before the Senate, a Senator may move I do not find tllnt the particular question which he raises llas to make a different bill a special order. If the expre~R lau­ ' been raised in the Senate? It has been assumed as a matte:r .... uage of the rules be followed, such a motion is not in order. of course that such a motion was in order. The only time There is a reason for that construction, too. It is well known within my recollection that this question has been raised was that the so-called maternity bill is the unfinished business and 1278 OONGRESSION1\L R.EOORD-SENATE JANUATIY 8 that it can not be dispof'ere not llr. TYSON. As a mutter of fact, everybody knows that both prohibited by the 111le the motion of the Senator from my bill was before the Senate for four or five months of .last 'l'ennessce to make his bill n special order would lJave heen just sbision, after it had been reported faYorably from the Military as much in order as the motion to take it np. Tl!.e ouly reason Affairs Committee. I have done everytlling possible to get why his motion is not in order is hecaufle nnuer the rule the bill up. Army officers from all over the United States all motions for tlle consideration of another nwtter are ]Jave been urging me to get this bill up, and I have done every­ prohibited. thing I could up to this time to get it up. I ser\e notice now I "\Yill read a part of ~he rule. that I am going to continue to undertake to get it up, and that RULE XXII if any bu!'liness is done here. I a:m going to ha\'e some of my Precedence of motions. J..m siness done also. When a questiou it~ peuplace the unfinished business. The parliamentarian was To proceed to the consideration of executive business. right in advising the Chair as to the precedents of this body; To lay on the table. and I repeat that for the last H years, without an exception 'l'o postpone inuefinitcly. that I know of, a motion to displace ilie unfinished business bas alwRys been held in order. 'l'o p01;tpone to a day certain. 1\lr. LFJNROOT. That is not this motion. To commH. To amend. ~ir. PITTMAN. Well, suvpose it had been; eYen that, accord­ ing to our rules, I do not believe is in order. I do not think Which several motions Rhnll have precedence ns they Rtanu arranged; a motion to proceed to the consideration of another bill is in and the motions relating to adjournment, to tnke a recess, to proceed order under the rule while the unfinished business is pending. to the consideration of executiYc business, to Jay on the table, shall I think the rule is clear and specific, and that is what it is; be decided without debate. but what I want uuderstood now is that this rule shall not If an amendment to a bill is a pending question, the bill itself he workerl .both ways; that when there is unfinished bu~ness must be a pending que;tion. I can not conceive that if an before the Senate it will, according to the rule, remain the amendment bas not been disposed of it is of nuy more im­ unfini~hed bm:~iness until it is completed. portance than the bill that has not been disposed of. The real ohject of that rule was to finish one piece of business Mr. J,ENUOOT. 1\Ir. President, will the Senator yield? at u time, and not to get halfway through with legislation and Mr. PITTMAN. I yield to the Senator. 1927 CONGR.ESSIONAL RECORD-SE_ N~TE 1279 1\lr. LENROOT. 1\lay I suggest that no bill could be before Mr: LENTIOOT. Tile question is not uetermined. the Senate unless there be a pending question in connection 1\Jr. ROBINSON of Arkan~as. The Senator having with­ with it. drawn his motion, there coules and in accoruance with the provisions of this act. Such ing with one of the two schools of parliamentarians. I think l'ertificate may be withheld outil such time or upon such conditions us he bas no just cause for complaint. There is no fear that be is the Children's Bureau, with the approval or the board, may determine; subject to any reproach on the ground of being out of order. when so withheld the State agency may appeal to the President of the 1\lr. TYSON. It is not a question of reproach. United States, wbo may eitller affirm or reverse the action o! the Mr. ASHURST. I think it is a very proper way out of this bureau with such directions as be shall consider proper. contested question. As far as I am concerned, I am very much in fayor of the Senator's bill, and in favor of the unfinished Therein lies the power, the definite power, in regard to the business. Obviously, we can not ma.ke progress with either one super\ision of moneys under this act. nut, perhaps, to further at this time. I think the Senator has no complaint to make. and better. explain that, and to show the full power given to the Mr. LENROOT. Mr. President, will the Senator from Dela­ bureau to superTise and practically direct the expenditures of ware yield? money, I should read also from section 8 and a part of section Mr. BAYARD. I yield. 10. Section 8 prescribes: Mr. LE!\~100T. May I suggest to the Senator from Ten­ Any State di'Riring to recei>e the ben~fits of this act shall, by its nessee that, as the record now indicates, there would be no agency described in section 4, sriumit to 1he Children's Bureau e in carrying out the pronsions of tllis act LXYIII-81 1280 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECOR.D-SENATE J ..A _NU_A_RY 8 shall enter any home or take charge o( any child over the object1on of 1921, of which I shall read only a small portion to make my the parents, or either of them, or the person standing in loco parentis point, starts as follows : or having custody of such child. If these plans shall be in conformity with the provisions of this act and reasonably appropriate and adequate Be it enaoted, etc., That there is hereby authorized to l;e appropriated to cany out its purposes, they shall be approved by the board and due annually, out of any money in the Treasury not o.therwise appropriated, notice of such nppro,·al shall IJe !'lent to the State agency by the chief the sums specified in section 2 of this act, to be paid to the several of the Children's Bureau. States for tlle purpose of cooperating with them in promoting the welfare and hygiene of maternity and infancy as hereinafter provided. That shows distinctly the power in this board to approve, SEc. 2. Fot• the purpose of canying out the provisions of this ·act aud without that approval the State cau take no action so far there is authorized to be appropriated, out of any mont>y in the Treasury as re<:eiviug compen!'ation from tlle Federal funds is concerned. not otherwise appropriated, for the current fiscal year $480,000, to be Agaiu, in section 10, referring to certificates, it is provided: equally apportioned among the several States, and for each subsequent Within 60 dnys after any approprintion authorized by this act has year, for the period of five years, $240,000, to be equally apportioned been made, and as often thereafter while such appropriation remains among the 81lveral States in the manner hereinafter provided : Provided, unexpt> nded as changed conditions may warrant, the ChiAdren's Bureau That there is hereby authorized to be appropriated for the use of the shall aRccrtain the nmoonts that llave been appropriated by the legis­ States, subject to the provisions of this act, for the fiscal year ending lature~ of tile several States accepting the provisions of this act and June 30, 1922, an additional sum of $1,000,000, and annually there­ shnll certify to the Secretary of the Treasury the amount to which each aftCI·, for the period of five years, an additional sum not to exceed State is entitled under the provisions or this act. $1,000,000 : Provid-ed fu,·ther, That the additional appropriations herein authorized shall be apportioned $5,000 to each State and the balance Plea~e uote : among the States in the proportion which their population bears to Such cet·tificate shall state (1) that the State has, through its legJs­ the total population of the States of the United States, according to lath·e authority, accepted the provisions of this act and designaterl or the last preceding United States census: And provided fttr'ther, That authot·izeu the creation of an agency to cooperate with the Children's no payment out of the additional appropriation herein authorized shall Bureau, or that the State has otherwise accepted this act, as provided be made in any year to any State until an equal sum bas been appro­ in sC'ction 4 hereof; (2) the fact that the propet· agency of the State priated for that year by the legislature of sucll State for the mainte­ haR submitted. to the Cllilllren's Bur·eau detailed plans for carrying out nance of the services and facilities provided for in this act. the provisions of this act, anu tha~ such plans have been approved by tlw IJoard. That is not a permanent act. It starts off in the very begin­ ning by making appropriations for purposes thereafter to be Thf'l'e is a condition precedent staring right at us: described and which are described and set up in the terms of (3 J The amount, if any, that has been appropriated by tbe legislature the act. It is not permanent, as we understand permanent legis­ of the State for the maintenance of the services and facilities of this lation. It is not a uefinite, specific act erecting a bureau, giving act, as pt·o,·iderl in section 2 hereof; and ( 4) the amount to which the it certain powers, and then following in the act itself thereafter State is entitlee clerk read as follows: [Mr. 'VILLIS]. I think the statement made by the President of NATIONAL SOCIETY DAUGHTERS the United States in that portion of his Budget message touch­ OF TilE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, ing tllis particular act plainly show.s thn t in contemplation of J\fEMORIAL CONTINENTAL HALL, the President's action he believes that this act is not and should lVaaltin[lton, D. C., December 16, 11)~6. not be permanent legislation. MY DEAR MADUI STATE REGENT: About SiX weeks since there was More than that, it seems to me that the very terms of the sent to you a copy of a very important document which I presume act itself preclude any possible deduetion or allegation sueh as you have read aud will therefore understand the importance ot the made by the Senator from Texas. The act of No>ember 23, request contained in tllis letter. 1H27 OONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-SENATE 12811

The document to which I refer Is the speech ot Senator BAYARD, of The legislative clerk called the roll, and the following Sena­ Delaware, on the Phipps-Parker maternity extension bill as delivered tors answered to their names : uefore the Senate on July 3, and which was sent to you under his Bayard Fletcher La Follette Reed, ::\lo. postal frank at the request of Mrs. Walker, of our committee on Ring ham Frazier Len root Robinson, Ark. -national defense. Blease Gillett ·McKellar Robinson, Ind. Bratton Glass McMaster ~ackett · This !.Jill will likely come up tor final action immediately after. the BrouF;sard Gooding McNary Sheppard holidays: . It is very desirable thaf you Rnd YOlll' entire State organiza· Bruce Hale Mayfield Steck tlon use all possible influence with your Senators in opposition to the Cameron Harris Neely Stewart Capper Harrison Norbeck Swauson passage of tllis bill. Copclanu Hawes Norris Trammell It bas long been the prille of our society thnt we do not dissipate onr Couzens Hef:lin Nye · Wadsworth influence with Congres's by often pressing upon them our attitude on Curti~ Johnson OdcHe 'Ynrren Edge .Jones, N. Me:x. Overman Watson nny legislatit"e measure, but this is a case which is of sufficient impor· I!' erris Jones. Wash. Phipps Wheeler tnnce to concentrate all our energies toward the defeat of an unconstitu. Fess Kendrick Hansdell Willis tional and vicious law. · Mr. NORRIS. I desire to announce that my colleague, the IIaving already studied the document to which I refer I shall junior Senator from Nebraska [Mr. HowELL], was called from presume your comprellension of the matter and not go into it further the city on account of the death of a >ery dear friend, and is at this time. absent for that reason. Very sincerely yours, GR.ACE W. BROSSEAU, Mr. JONES of Washington. I was requested to announce . (Mrs. Alfred J. Brosseau) that the Senator from California [Mr. SHoRTRIDGE], the Sena­ Preside-nt General, N. S. D. A. R. tor from West Virginia . [Mr. GoFF], and the Senator from Illinois [Mr. DENEEN] are detained in a committee meeting. 1\lr. BAYARD. l\Ir. Presiing an­ in 1001, aided in securing similar laws in many States of the swered to their names, there is a quorum present. Union and in several foreign countries. . In 1000 Mrs. Sclloff compiled the statutes of every State in MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE the Uuion concerning children. She organized, in 1890, the A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Halti­ · l~ennsylYania Congress of Mothers, which first established par­ gan, one of its cte~ks, announced that the House bad passecl ents' a~sociations in Pennsylvania schools. She was president the bill ( S. 4802) granting the consent of Congress to the of the National Congress of Mother!'!, under whose auspices the commissioners of Fayette and Washington Counties, Pa., to firRt International Congress in America on the Welfare of the reconstruct the bridge across the Monongahela RiYer at Belle Child waR held in 'Vashington, D. C., March, 1908. She is the Vernon, Fayette County, Pa. author of numerous magazine articles on child welfare, juvenile Tlle message also announced that the House bad disagreed to courts, and so forth, and was also editor of the Child Welfare the ame.ndments ·of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 110Hi) uu­ ~f,agazine for the National Congress of 1\lotllers. thoiizing the construction, repnir, and preservation of certain Mrs. Schoff is a member of the Daughters of the American public works on rivers ~nd harbors, and for other purposes, ReYolution, tlle New Century Club ·of. .Philadelphia, and presi­ requested a conference with the Senate on the disagreeing votes dent of the Philadelphia Child Welfare Association, cha1·tered of the two Houses thereon, and that Mr. DEliPSEY, Mr. FREF.· as the Philadelphia Juvenile Court and Probation Association. MAN, and Mr. MA.NSFIELD were appointed managers on the part I ask that the letter be rend. of the House at the conference. ' '.fhe PRESIDING Oli'FICER. Without objection, the letter ,,m be read by the clerk. RIVER AXD HARBOR BILL 'l'lle Chief Clerk read the letter, as follows: 1\fr. JONES of WaRbington. I aRk the Ohair to lay hefore PHILAOELI'HIA CIDLD WELP'AJUil ASSOCUTIOX, the Senate the action of the House of Representatiyes on House Philade~p1tia., October 8, 1926. bill 11616. Miss )JARY G. KILBR'ETH, The PRESIDING OFFICER (1\fr. WILLIS in the chair) laid 8 Jackson Plaoe, Washington, D. 0. before the Senate the action . of the House of Representatives UY D:JMR Mrss Ku,BRETll: You have rendered a service of great disagreeing to the amendments of the Senate to the bill vulue in the thorough investigation of all that is back ot the concerted (H. R. 11616) authorizing the construction, repair, and pres­ efforts of Florence Ke1ley and ber coworkers to place all children under erYation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and l•'ederal control. for other purposes, and requestin~ a conference with the Sen­ I .have known. this tor a long time, but the majority of women have ate on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon. followed, blinded by the purported protection of children. Those who Mr. JONES of Washlugton. I move that the Senate insist tliffet· are accused of ulterior motives in opposing them. on Hs amendments, agree to the conference asked by tlle l\Iay I have 10 copies of the Woman Patriot of May 1? If you have House, and that the Chair appoint the conferees on the part 1hem, I will send a dollar for them. I am a member of tbe New of the Senate. Century Club of Philadelphia and was present wlleu 1\-Irs. Sherman The motion was agreed to; and the Presiding Officer ap­ made the ruling taking away freedom of thought and action from every pointed Mr. JoNES of Washington, Mr. McNARY, and Mr. club and individual in membership in G. F. W. C. FLETCHER c~nferees on the part of the Senate. A prominent Philadelphia club leader said it was the beginning of SECO:I.'ID PAN AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON HIGHWAYS (ll. DOC. NO. G31) the cli!>integration of the federation. The assessment of $1 from every clnb member is causing rebellion. The PRESIDING OFl!'ICER laid before the Senate the fol­ Why does the G. F. W. C. need a milllon dollars a year to spend 1 lowing message from the President of the United States, which What right have they to assess every club member? was reacl, referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, and When the Members of Congress know that the congressional louby'l:l ordered to be printed: claim of representing millions of women :is resented by them, and it is To the Congress of the United Sta-tes: untrnc, they will lose their influence. I recommend to the favorable consideration of the Congress Your brave anaignment should have the gratitude of every thinkin~ the inclosed report from the Secretary of State, with accom: woman. puuying papers, to the end that legislation may be enacted Very truly yours, Mrs. H. K. SCHOFF. authorizing an appropiration of $15,000 to enable the Uniteti Mr. BROUSSARD. Mr. Presi

INVESTIGATION OF COAL SITUATION IN DISTIDCT OF COLUMBIA betw(len anthracite and bituminous coals, as well as substitutes. (REPT. NO. 1221)) In accordance with the agreement between the committee and the dealers the identity of the latter is not revealed, but they are distin­ Mr. CAPPER. I submit a report from the Committee on the guished by letter designation. District of Columbia of an investigation of the coal situation The accountants were given full access to the records of the firms in tlle District of Columbia in response to a resolution adopted reported on, except by one company, and also 'with the exception by the Senate February 5, 1!)26. I ask that the report be applying to all compa:t;!ies of accounts aud records showing capital printed unuer the rule and that it be printed in the RECORD. investment, which it was agreed should not be shown. In the case Tlle PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, that order of the one company referred to the accountants were allowed sufficient will be made. access to form probably a fair opinion of costs, sales, prices, profits, The report is as follows: etc. The company in question was designated "Company A," and its [t-ie nate Report No. 1~~0, SL'(ty-ninth Conbrress, second session 1 business is the largest of any of those investigated. COAL rRICES I:-i THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Because of the dealers' refusal to permit the examination or show­ ing of capital-investment accounts, the auditors' report docs not show Mt·. CAPPER, from the Committee on the Distt·ict of Columi.Jla, sub­ thP percentage of profit or losses realized or suffered on capital in­ mitted the following report (pursuant to S. Res. 137) : vested in the fuel business. On the calendar day, February 5, 1926, the Senate of the United One or the most important elements entering into cost of doing huHi­ Stales passed the following resolution: ness, viz, that of the amount of so-called degradation or breaking up "r.esolrea, That the Committee on the District of Columbia, or in transit ?f soft or bitumino11s coal, was not accurately ·reflected iu any su!Jcommittee thereof, hereby is authorized to investigate condi­ detail on the d~alers' books, and therefore the auditors made "avE-rage tions and matters relating to the coal situation in said District, 1n­ allowances" . for such degradation of coal, based on careful studies of cludiu~ the p~ices paid for coal and substitutes therefor by dealers what actually . OCCur'L·ed, SO far as COnld be determined. lt appl'al'S iu fuel in the Dh;trict, cost of fuel at points of origin, transportation that, as a rule, the degradation or slack is not sold as such, but iR coHts and rates, urayage and all other expenses of delivery to the classified as mine-run coal (with a minimum of 2::1 per cent lump coal) ultimate consumer, and prices charged by said dealers for fuel in and sold as such to local industrial plants as well as to domestic the District of Columbia. Itor these purposes said committee, or any consumrrs. su!Jcommittee thet·eof, may in their discretion employ such accountants After deducting almost every conceivable kind of coRt and expense, and auditors as shall be necessary for examining and auditing booll:s, the t1et profits per ton on various grades shown hy the comparative accounts, and records of such dealers aforesaid, all costs of such in­ statement of tl1e auditors are as follows (losses shown in italics) : vestigation to be paid out of the contingent fund of the Senate." · PurRuant thereto, said committee held. a number of hearings, and Fair­ through the testimony of witnes::;es and compilations ·or accountants Pocahon­ mount, tas, New and auditors-assigned to such sPrvice at the request of the com­ Run or Bd- L~n, River, mittee IJy the .ComptrolleL· General of the United States, in accordam·e mine qu~ttes , other and other with law-obtained information and data relating to the matters anll low vola­ qigh tile things set forth in Said resolution. volatile In it::; investigation, said committee was joined nnd aiMd by a subcommittee to investigate cost of living in the District of Columbia, of the Committee on the District of Columbia of· the House of Rep­ $0.31 l rt:'seutatives. Such subcommittee consisted of the following members: Comp•nY A __ --~------_ : ~ $3 07 $0. 37 { "/: lO $1. 44 Hon. Hio!:-iRY R. RATHBONID, Illinois, chairman; lion. OSCAR E. KELLER, { 1 Minnesota; Hon. FLORIAN LA~tPEB'l', Wisconsin; Hon. TIIOMAS L. HL.\NTO:S, Texas; and Hon. Wn"LIAM C. HA~IMER, North Cnrolina. This report is submitted as the conclu::;ions of the Senate Committee ~i:~~~ g:~;·~;;~:~~J __ j_ ~ : ::~~:: _____ ::;_ -----~::. ____ ::~- :::~::~ on tbf' District of Columbia. Full opportunity was afforded consumers of and dealers in fuel in c ...... , E______-l in .77 1 ,: ~ } :~n 291 ------tlle District of Columbia to submit information and express t11eir opinions regarding unusual conditions growing out. of the anthracite Company F ______------Company 34 .35 ------1------9 .48 ------.2l coal miners' stril

I~VENTORIES olic wonrcn of Mnssacbusctts, regrets excccdin~;ly y(}ur announced Inventories of coal on lland at the end of the year could not be, approval of the extension of the matemity act. 1\:Iassaclmsetts hns not or at least were not, actually verified by weighing or measuring the changed its overwhelming opinion against this act. coal in piles, or bins, so the dealer::;' figtt'res were accepted, and also 1\Ias. FRANCIS E. SLATTERY, those for coal on hand at the beginning of the year covered by the President League of Catholic Women. auditors' examination. If, at the end of the year, the dealer bad on I introduce that telegram, Ur. President, for a twofold hand more coal than disclosed by his inventory submitted to the purpose : First, for the purpose of showing the attitude of the . accountants, his profits would be more than those shown by the state­ good women of the President's own State toward. this act, the ments compiled. It is only fair to state that there is no evidence of any temporary continuance of which the President in his Budget such discr·epancy in inventory, but the possibility exists nevertheless. message half-heartedly, yet decidedly, in a way, approved.. One

UNLOADING AND IIA~DLING moment he preaches State rights, the next moment he preaches Mechanical equipment in place of manua1 labor undoubtedly would inten:-::e Federal control. He recently has been giving to the reduce expen::;e. in the yards, so far as the handling of bituminous roal country some splendid pronunciamentoes on State rights, but is concerned. It is claimed by dealers that they can not handle soft always lJefore he got through there has been a drnwlJack, a coal as economically as anthracite for the reason that their yards reservation, in substance, saying in the ev·ent a majority of the States or a majority of the people of the States throughout the wer·e originally equipped for the latter fuel. country are of the opinion that something in one or more States GENERAL CO~CLUSIONS constituting a minority is not quite to the liking of the majority, The audit clearly reveals that many of the figures submitted by the that then l!..,ederal power should be invoked for the purpose of coal dealers themselves, and through their accredited representatives, controlling that particular thing. as typical of costs, were entirely erroneous as such, being con::!lder­ I have here, Mr. President, a C9PY of a telegram signed by ably too high. The committee would have been misled if it bad ac­ Chambers Kellar, of the Lead Daily Call, of Lead., S. Dak., cepted the dealers' statements and figures as typical. under date of December 13, 1926, addresse<.l to Ron. PETER A study of the charts nnd the financial statements reveals clearly NoRBECK, Senate Building, Washington, D. C., wllich reads as that per net ton, or $2.67 per gross ton such as is sohl in Washington. The average gross I have here a copy of a telegram to President Coolidge from margin in Philadelphia was $2.057, but this probably applied largely the Massachusetts Public Interests League, 210 Newbury Street, to anthracite coal, though some soft coal also was handled by dealcra Boston, dated December D, 1926: in that city. His Excellency President CALVI:-i' CoOLIDGE, It appears from testimony on page 37 (printed hearings) that one of White House, Washington, D. 0 .: the leading coal operators of the country stated, with reference to At a meeting of the Massachusetts Public Interests League on Decem­ retail sales : ber 9 it was voted to expresl:l to you our ueep regret that you shoulu " If I were to add $!?.GO a ton to the cost of freight, plus mine price, have urged in your llud6ct message the extension of the rna ternity for the delivery of this coal within a reasonable radius, I would be act. If this piece of bureaucratic, sociali:;tic legislation is to be selling it at a very good profit to myself." continued, there is no valid reason why otller bureaucratic measures No explanation appears in the record as to why costs of handling coal should not follow ~nit until the people of this Republic are no longer in Washington should lJe higher· than elsewhere. Practically the only free citizens, but are ruled by bureaucrats. Copy of tllis telegram is defense of the dealers to their hi~,;her gross profits dul'ing the strike being sent to Boston papers. period was that the sh·ike might end suddenly and leave a large quantity .ANNE H. GULICK, of unwanted bituminous coal on band in their yards. Corresponding Secretary. At tbis particular time the committee bas no recommendations to What follows is interesting, l\Ir. President. This lJrought submit as to legislation dPsigned to prevent a recun·ence of conditions a reply from the Pref-lioint of view that the telegram from Mrs. Gulick to the Presi­ known to me ; I am intimately acquainted with Hull House and Henry dent is not directly 'responsive to that paragraph of the Budget Street Settlement and have tried to excuse my disapproval of many message, I am unable to persuade myself. It is absolutely things there because I am, unfortunately, a person of strong racial 'foolish on the part of Mr. Sanders to undertake to quibble prejudices. about this matter. My reasons for writing you at prese.nt are these: 1. I should like to prepare an article· or series of articles for some It is not cleYer ; it is not kind ; an