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Japan Standard Time Service Group Space-Time Standards Laboratory Japan Standard Time 6HUYLFHGroup National Institute of Information and Communications Technology -DSDQ6WDQGDUG7LPH6HUYLFH*URXSʊ*HQHUDWLRQ&RPSDULVRQDQG 'LVVHPLQDWLRQRI-DSDQ6WDQGDUG7LPHDQG)UHTXHQF\6WDQGDUGV National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 7KH1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI,QIRUPDWLRQDQG&RPPXQLFDWLRQV7HFKQRORJ\ 1,&7 LVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHLPSRUWDQW WDVNV RI *HQHUDWLRQ &RPSDULVRQ DQG 'LVVHPLQDWLRQ RI -DSDQ 6WDQGDUG 7LPH DQG )UHTXHQF\ 6WDQGDUGV ZKLFKKDYHDGLUHFWLPSDFWRQSHRSOH¶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ڦ "EKVTUNFOU 8IBUJTUIF5JNF 0VSEBJMZMJWFTBSFHPWFSOFECZUIFBQQBSFOUNPUJPOPGUIF4VO 4JODF UIF UJNF TDBMF VTFE JO NFBTVSJOH UJNF JT BUPNJD UJNF UIFSFJTBOFFEGPSBOBUPNJDUJNFUIBUJTDMPTFUP6OJWFSTBM5JNF 65 5IJTBUPNJDUJNFJTDBMMFE$PPSEJOBUFE6OJWFSTBM5JNF 65$ "T UIF BOHVMBS WFMPDJUZ PG UIF &BSUI JT BGGFDUFE CZ OBUVSBM QIFOPNFOBTVDIBTUJEBMGSJDUJPO UIFNBOUMF BOEUIFBUNPT B UJNF EJGGFSFODF CFUXFFO 65 BOE 65$ JT GMVDUVBUFE FGJOJUJPOPGB4FDPOE QIFSF% ڦ 5IFSFGPSF UP LFFQ UIF UJNF EJGGFSFODF CFUXFFO 65$ BOE 65 %FGJOJUJPOPGBTFDPOE5IFEVSBUJPOPGUIFVOJUiTFDPOEwXBT XJUIJO TFDPOET iPOF TFDPOEw JT FJUIFS JOTFSUFE JOUP PS GJSTUEFGJOFEBDDPSEJOHUPFQIFNFSJTUJNF XIJDIJTUJFEUPUIF EFMFUFEGSPN65$ SPUBUJPOBOEPSCJUBMNPUJPOPGUIF&BSUI4JODF IPXFWFS 5IJTPOFTFDPOEJTSFGFSSFEUPBTBiMFBQTFDPOEw UIF TFDPOE IBT CFFO EFGJOFE JO UFSNT PG UIF GSFRVFODZ PG -FBQTFDPOE BEKVTUNFOU XBT JOUSPEVDFE BGUFS B TQFDJBM BUPNJDSBEJBUJPOVOEFSUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM4ZTUFNPG6OJUT 4* BEKVTUNFOUXBTDBSSJFEPVUJO-FBQTFDPOEBEKVTUNFOUT 5IFTFDPOEJTEFGJOFEJOUIF4*BTiUIFEVSBUJPOPG IBWFCFFOQFSGPSNFEUJNFTGSPNUP+BOVBSZ"MM QFSJPET PG UIF SBEJBUJPO DPSSFTQPOEJOH UP UIF USBOTJUJPO BEKVTUNFOUTTPGBSIBWFJOWPMWFEJOTFSUJOHPOFTFDPOEUP65$ CFUXFFO UXP IZQFSGJOF MFWFMT PG UIF HSPVOE TUBUF PG UIF BOE65$JTOPXTFDPOETCFIJOE5"* DFTJVNBUPNw ڦ +45 +BQBO4UBOEBSE5JNF 5"* OUFSOBUJPOBM"UPNJD5JNF*ڦ 5IFUJNFTDBMFDSFBUFECZBUPNJDDMPDLTJTSFGFSSFEUPBTBUPNJD +BQBO4UBOEBSE5JNF +45 JTEFGJOFEUPTFUIPVSTGPSXBSEPG UJNF 65$ /*$5 UIFNFSJEJBOMJOFPG+BQBOJTBUEFHSFFTFBTUFSO 5IF *OUFSOBUJPOBM "UPNJD 5JNF 5"* XBT TZODISPOJ[FE XJUI MPOHJUVEF Generation of JST Atomic Clock ڦ JST is obtained using a maximum of 18 cesium atomic clocks and four hydrogen masers in accordance with the definition of the unit of the second as mentioned above. (Left) Hydrogen maser clock (Right) Cesium atomic clock Cesium atomic clocks are good for long-term (longer than 5 days) stability and hydrogen masers are good for short-term Generation of JST ڦ .shorter than 5 days) stability) The frequency (i.e., the number of oscillations per second) of Mutual time differences of cesium atomic clocks and hydrogen each atomic clock is easily affected by environmental masers mounted in four Clock Rooms are regularly measured conditions such as temperature, humidity, and the geo- every second by a specific measurement system. UTC (NICT) is magnetic UTC generated by the National Institute of Information and To stabilize the frequency, atomic clocks are mounted in Communications Technology (NICT) from averaging and temperature-and humidity-controlled “Clock Rooms” with synthesizing data obtained from atomic clocks once an hour. electromagnetic shielding. Furthermore, each atomic clock is This series of procedures for generating JST is fully and connected to an uninterruptible power supply unit in case automatically performed by computers. Three redundant units there is a power outage. (the main unit and backups) work in parallel, ensuring the continual generation of JST in the event of equipment failure. Flow of Time Generation Atomic Clocks Establishment of Distributed Structure ڦ Measurement system Measurement of Until recently the generation of JST was carried out only at the NICT headquarters in Koganei City, Tokyo. However, at the time of emergency, such as a serious natural disaster, in Tokyo, the operation of JST in headquarters might be Synthesis Average stopped due to infrastructure damage. Computer To increase reliability, therefore, we are promoting research Set the time forward by +9hours to UTC (NICT) and development for decentralization of the JST facilities. As +9hours Hyogo on June 10, 2018. Japan Standard Time (JST) The equipment for JST sub-station, including cesium atomic clocks and high precision satellite time and frequency transfer TAI (International Atomic Time) systems, were installed there. The two accurate time scales determined by the International Bureau of Weights generated in Tokyo and Kobe are always compared. At the and Measures (BIPM) emergency of Tokyo, Kobe Sub-station can function as the UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) main JST station instead of the NICT headquarters. determined by the BIPM Development of technology to consolidate multiple time UTC (NICT) scaleswill further bring more accuracy of JST by using atomic determined by the NICT clocks ofdistant stations, including the LF standard time and frequencytransmission stations. 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