Spaceil Kids Magazine Issue 2

WHOWHO WANTSWANTS TOTO GOGO TOTO THETHE MOON?MOON? SpaceIL Kids Magazine Issue no.2

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We won’t know until we study its Do you think the magnetic fields! Moon can tell us stories about the past? SOME FACTS ABOUT THE ISRAELI LUNAR MISSION:

2. The Israeli nonprofit 3. The Israeli spacecraft 1. SpaceIL plans to land the first Israeli spacecraft on was developed by a team To date, no Israeli of Israeli engineers and the Moon. spacecraft has travelled to scientists, both men and the Moon. women.

THISTHIS ISIS OUROUR SPACECRAFT!SPACECRAFT! Our spacecraft was designed by a team of Israeli engineers and scientists, both men and women. It is relatively small, just about the size of a refrigerator, inexpensive and smart.

One of the stages in the mission involves The solar panels absorb energy from the sending video clips and razor-sharp images sun and transform it to electrical energy from the Moon. For this purpose, the that enables the spacecraft’s systems to spacecraft has cameras installed on board. operate.

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The heaviest parts of the spacecraft are the fuel tanks. When full, they make up 80% of the spacecraft’s weight. The fuel enters the lines with pressure generated by Helium gas. When the fuel reaches the rocket engine it burns, and the hot gases that are emitted to space at high speed The antennas transmit and receive radio waves. Our spacecraft has four legs that assist allow the spacecraft to move – to fly, land This allows transmission of reports from it to brake when it touches down on the on the Moon, and travel above its surface. the spacecraft to Earth and transmission of Moon’s surface during landing. commands from Earth to the spacecraft.

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I’m already planning the celebrations! I hope the Israeli Spacecraft wins the first prize!

2 5. 4. To win, the team must complete all the 6. SpaceIL has secured a place stages of the mission: If it wins, SpaceIL will in the Google Lunar XPRIZE • To achieve a soft landing on contribute the prize money competition finals, together the Moon with an unmanned to the advancement of with 4 other teams from spacecraft. scientific-technological different countries. The • To send high resolution videos and education in Israel. winning team will receive photos back to Earth. a prize of $20 million. • To travel 500 meters on the Moon’s surface without crashing.

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3 OUROUR EXPERIMENTEXPERIMENT On top of successfully completing the Lunar Challenge mission, SpaceIL’s spacecraft will also perform an experiment in space – to examine the magnetic field of Moon rocks with a device called a magnetometer. What is a magnetic field? What is a magnetometer? And why do we need to measure the Moon’s magnetic field? We asked Prof. Oded Aharonson, our Mission Scientist some questions.

Professor Aharonson, when did you know that you wanted to be a scientist? When I was young, I met a scientist who decided to send a vehicle to Mars. I’ve learned from him and realized that this is what I want to do. Now you are the Mission Scientist and you plan to investigate the Moon’s magnetic field. Can you please, first explain to us what is the Earth’s magnetic field? The earth is like a giant magnet that has two poles – North and South. The magnetic field is the force that pulls magnets towards each other – north to south, and south to north. Sometimes, the magnetic field also pushes them away – if you try to join north to north or south to south. How do we know that there are magnetic fields outside of Earth? Data that have been collected many years tells us that some Moon rocks have magnetic fields too. But, the source of the lunar magnetic field is a mystery. Why is it a mystery? Unlike the Earth that has a magnetic core, the Moon’s core is not magnetic today. So, it is unclear how it is possible that some Moon rocks have acquired a magnetic field. Are there any explanations to this mystery? There are all kinds of theories. It is possible that the Moon had a magnetic field in the past, or maybe, it is a result of meteorites crashes. Anyway, there is no one clear explanation. That’s what makes investigating the magnetic field of Moon rocks so interesting. Why is it interesting? The magnetic field is like a history book – you can learn from it about different Meow processes that happened in the past. This is why we have decided to use this opportunity – and while our spacecraft lands on the Moon, we will collect data on magnetic rocks on the surface and investigate it. How will you do that? We will use a magnetometer. A small device that will be used for measuring and collecting data on the surface of the Moon. This way, we would be able to investigate the Moon’s magnetic field and its source. We plan to do it three times during the mission: during the landing, when the spacecraft is on the surface of the Moon, and when the spacecraft “hops.” This is how we plan to discover the source of the Moon’s magnetic field. This device, the magnetometer, is found in smartphones too. With it, you can use your phone to measure the magnetic field and find the North.

If rocks could talk, they would tell us That’s why we want to secrets from the past. solve the mystery!

4 EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS ININ SPACESPACE ONON THETHE MAGNETICMAGNETIC FIELDFIELD

1971 1998 2017

In 1971, the astronauts In 1998, NASA’s Lunar SpaceIL’s plan is to base its investigation on onboard Apollo 15 took Prospector Mission was these data from the past and to take it a step only local measurements of launched as part of the further: SpaceIL is designing its mission Professor Aharonson, when did you know that the magnetic field in their Discovery Program. One in such way that will make it possible to you wanted to be a scientist? landing sites. These were not goal of this mission was take exact measurements of the magnetic When I was young, I met a scientist who decided to send the ideal sites to measure to measure the Moon’s field from a wide range of distances. This a vehicle to Mars. I’ve learned from him and realized that because the sites didn’t have magnetic field. This mission will enable us to locate areas in which the this is what I want to do. strong magnetic fields. On provided a map of the Now you are the Mission Scientist and you plan to investigate magnetic field is especially strong. Areas the Moon’s magnetic field. Can you please, first explain to us their journey back to Earth, magnetic field. However, in which the field is abnormal will give us what is the Earth’s magnetic field? they have left a satellite that the collected data were in clues on how the field was created. The most The earth is like a giant magnet that has two poles – North and South. The measured magnetic fields in relatively low resolution meaningful scientific challenge will be on magnetic field is the force that pulls magnets towards each other – north to the lunar gravitational field. because of the high altitude Earth, when the collected data are analyzed south, and south to north. Sometimes, the magnetic field also pushes them of the Moon orbit trajectory and interpreted. In the following years, the away – if you try to join north to north or south to south. from which measurements results of this experiment will be published How do we know that there are magnetic fields outside of Earth? were taken. and used by NASA and by scientists all Data that have been collected many years tells us that some Moon rocks have around the world. magnetic fields too. But, the source of the lunar magnetic field is a mystery. Why is it a mystery? Unlike the Earth that has a magnetic core, the Moon’s core is not magnetic today. So, it is unclear how it is possible that some Moon rocks have acquired a magnetic field. CONNECTCONNECT THETHE DOTSDOTS Are there any explanations to this mystery? What will we see in There are all kinds of theories. It is possible that the Moon had a magnetic the photos sent by our field in the past, or maybe, it is a result of meteorites crashes. Anyway, there spacecraft from the is no one clear explanation. Moon? That’s what makes investigating the magnetic field of Moon rocks so interesting. Why is it interesting? The magnetic field is like a history book – you can learn from it about different processes that happened in the past. This is why we have decided to use this opportunity – and while our spacecraft lands on the Moon, we will collect data A selfie of the on magnetic rocks on the surface and investigate it. Moon with the How will you do that? Israeli spacecraft! We will use a magnetometer. A small device that will be used for measuring and collecting data on the surface of the Moon. This way, we would be able to investigate the Moon’s magnetic field and its source. We plan to do it three times during the mission: during the landing, when the spacecraft is on the surface of the Moon, and when the spacecraft “hops.” This is how we plan to discover the source of the Moon’s magnetic field. This device, the magnetometer, is found in smartphones too. With it, you can use your phone to measure the magnetic field and find the North.

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5 EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS ININ SPACESPACE

1971 2013

The American astronaut, David Scott, who was the commander of the Apollo 15 mission, knew The Canadian astronaut, Chris Hadfield, who like everyone else that if we drop a feather and a served as the commander of the international hammer at the same time, the hammer will fall space station, performed different experiments faster because it is heavier. Scott wanted to find according to the public’s request. In one out what will happen if he did that on the Moon. The experiment, Chris investigated what happens result of this experiment was that the hammer and when you wring a wet towel in space. The result the feather reached the surface at the same time. was that the water came out of the wet towel but Why? Because the difference in fall time is caused remained stuck on Chris’ hand like jelly. by the resistance of the air and not the mass of the object, and there is no air on the Moon. 2003

The Israeli astronaut, Ilan Ramon brought with him onboard the Colombia space shuttle several Israeli 1997 experiments. One of them was the Dust Experiment – MEIDEX – that tried to investigate how dust clouds and dust storms affect NASA scientists studied the growth the atmosphere and global of bean seeds and seedlings warming. The findings of this onboard the Mir space station and experiment are basis for other compared it to bean seed growth studies in this field. on Earth. The results of this experiment showed that the seeds onboard the Mir space station Exploring the future – will it be possible to take grew faster than the bean seeds on an elevator to the Moon in 2050? Earth. A Japanese company plans to operate a space elevator by 2050. This elevator will take 30 people and equipment onboard a vehicle that will climb up on tracks. The elevator will reach as high as one quarter of the distance from the Moon. The vehicle will travel in a speed of 124 mph, and the journey will last about one week.

If you were to be part of the Israeli mission task, what would you like to investigate? What experiment would you like to do on the Moon?

Space for drawings

6 THETHE MAGNETOMETERMAGNETOMETER Want to know more about the magnetometer? Solve the cryptogram!

ABCDEFGH I JKLM NOPQRSTUVWXYZ

The Canadian astronaut, Chris Hadfield, who served as the commander of the international space station, performed different experiments ______according to the public’s request. In one experiment, Chris investigated what happens when you wring a wet towel in space. The result ______was that the water came out of the wet towel but remained stuck on Chris’ hand like jelly. _____. ______

______

______. ______

______

______'_ 500 ______"___" __

______. ______

______

______.

For calibration – to make sure that the During the journey to the measurements we take are Moon, we will turn on Why do we need as accurate as possible. the magnetometer and to measure the measure the magnetic field magnetic field of the of the spacecraft. spacecraft?

7 SPINOFFSPINOFF –– SPACESPACE RESEARCHRESEARCH CREATIONSCREATIONS THATTHAT TURNEDTURNED INTOINTO EVERYDAYEVERYDAY PRODUCTSPRODUCTS What is the link between the space program, smoke detectors, shock absorbers, and sun glasses?

Space agencies worldwide actively research and develop products that allow astronauts to function in space in the best possible way. Many products and technologies that were designed for the space program have been adopted by the public and became part of our daily lives. Here are 10 interesting examples: 1 Thermal clothing, gloves, and boots – To maintain the astronauts’ body heat, special gloves and boots were developed. Today, we use the same gloves and boots in the cold winter days. Welding goggles Protective eye gear, designed to block radiation from the sun that may be harmful to the eyes, is being used today by many professionals.

2 Sunglasses 3 Sunglasses with anti-scratch coating or protection against Smoke detector radiation were originally A device designed to help locate developed for astronauts. toxic fumes in the space station is used in every home and building to give warning on a fire.

4 Firefighters suit Space suits are made of a special flame resistant fabric. The same fabric was adopted for making firefighting gear.

8 SPINOFFSPINOFF –– SPACESPACE RESEARCHRESEARCH CREATIONSCREATIONS THATTHAT Ear Thermometer 5 to measure the temperature of stars, scientists TURNEDTURNED INTOINTO EVERYDAYEVERYDAY PRODUCTSPRODUCTS developed a camera that operates by sensors that read What is the link between the space program, smoke detectors, shock absorbers, and sun glasses? infrared radiation. The same technology was adopted in the device that measures body temperature in the ear. Space agencies worldwide actively research and develop products that allow astronauts to function in space in the best possible way. Many products and technologies that were designed for the space program have been adopted by the public and became part of our daily lives. Here are 10 interesting examples: 7 36.6 Satellite Dish NASA developed the satellite dish to adjust mistakes in signals sent from the spacecraft. This technology 6 was adopted for improving video and audio reception in satellite TV Sneakers broadcasts. To allow astronauts to walk safely on the Moon, special shoe soles were Welding goggles8 developed to provide Protective eye gear, designed stability and shock to block radiation from the sun absorbing properties. that may be harmful to the eyes, Today, sneakers have is being used today by many this shock-absorbing professionals. technology embedded in the soles.

3 Contact Us: Education @ Medical Tests 9 spaceil.com The signals received from the spacecraft are not clear, therefore, scientists searched for a way to produce a clearer image from the signals. The technology that has been developed was adopted by the medical world and is used in tests like CT & MRI – which are performed for diagnosing diseases and medical conditions. 10

Instant Food Mix the dry, concentrated food that was developed for astronauts led to the development of instant soup mix, baby formula, and other food mixes that are prepared with boiling water. 9 MAZEMAZE ININ SPACESPACE How many items that are linked to space can you find on your way out of the maze? How many items did you find?

TWICETWICE ININ AA BLUEBLUE MOONMOON Draw a line between the matching pairs of Moons.

What do you think will be the next spinoff from space research? I’d like it to be flying bicycles!

10 TRUETRUE OROR FALSE?FALSE? Circle the correct answer

1. Elon Musk is an American businessman who has plans to start colonizing Mars. True/False

2. Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, is planning to launch his space tourism program during 2018 and to offer six tourists at a time, to join short launches to space. True/False

3. The American Space Agency (NASA) has recently published to its vendors a request for information on lunar cargo transportation services. True/False

4. To date, no Israeli has ever been to the Moon. True/False לי 5. Because the environment in space is different than the environment on Earth, we prefer using materials that have already been in space, tested, and found to be working. In addition, we aspire to use materials that are as lightweight as possible. True/False

6. People who are sleepwalkers are sometimes called “moonstruck” because the full Moon is making them walk at night. True/False נכון 7. The Islamic Calendar is based on a fixed number of times the Moon makes a full circle around Earth. True/False

8. The Moon is covered by icebergs. True/False

9. During a solar eclipse the Sun blocks the Moon. True/False

10. The first Moon scientist was Galileo Galilei True/False

The cow jumped over the Moon! True or false?

11 SPINOFFSPINOFF NEWSNEWS FROMFROM SPACESPACE

Which of the objects in the box are space research spinoffs? Find and circle the matching items only.

Write the names of the spinoff objects that you have found. If you SPINOFF CROSSWORD PUZZLE need a little help, go to pages 8-9. AllSPINOFF the words in this CROSSWORD crossword are everyday items PUZZLE that have been invented in space research.

1. A device that senses smoke and issues a fire alert in public places and at home. 2. You rest your head on it when you sleep. Do you know why it’s important to grow 3. An object that was sent to orbit earth and used in communication flowers in space? as a device that relays radio waves. 4. A machine used to produce three dimensional objects at home.

5. A box that keeps your picnic food cold and fresh. 6. If you play this game, you use special clubs to strike a small ball and play it into a hole in a course made of grass. 7. Babies who are not nursing eat this.

12 NEWSNEWS FROMFROM SPACESPACE (Courtesy of the Israeli Space Agency) • Shortly on Mars! Astronauts who will travel to Mars on the American Spacecraft Orion, will be wearing an innovative suit that protects from radiation that has been developed by Israeli scientists! With this suit, the astronauts won’t have to hide in a special place in the spacecraft every time there are Solar Flares and could keep on doing their work.

• Coming soon – a space garden? For the very first time, the beautiful orange flower, Zinnia, successfully completed a growth cycle in space.

• 3D printing in space! When objects are needed in space or when things brake down, a 3D printer is a very handy solution. It was developed to reduce the astronauts’ dependence on supply from Earth and it allows to print out required tools for research and for living in space. The space 3D printer is not sensitive to vibrations and adjusted to the conditions in the spacecraft. The people who developed it are hoping that in the future this printer will not only support space research, but also life in space.

Write as many words as you can find that hide in the word “atmosphere”. For example: most, tea, post. For more news from space visit: www.spaceil.com

That too… but mainly so they could send manned missions to space for longer periods of time and to more distant areas in the solar system. In Because they want to order to do that they would need to have make the spacecraft an ecological system onboard that will more sweet-smelling permit growing fruits and vegetables to Do you know why it’s and flowery? help improving nutrition and important to grow living conditions on flowers in space? the spacecraft.

13 FIND THE ODD SPACECRAFT AND DRAW A CIRCLE AROUND IT

ABCDABCD ININ SPACESPACE WORDWORD SEARCHSEARCH ININ SPACESPACE Write a space-related word that Search up, down, forward, backwards, and starts with this letter, like in the on the diagonal to find these hidden words: examples: S P A C E I L A B H N O O M A stronaut P B Q P H F L X Q W M F O N A S A C R A C G W P W M F Q I V S D G ANSWERSANSWERS TOTO THETHE ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES: D S paceIL E T C N P D E J O T F S R T F N F U E U L G R N O O H R M R H E G V H W C A Z P I J N N P A K O J T I X R L X P M R R B Q E L N W O J Y A B S D E V O H Q L W A Q M K Z enith L F Q J X N R C H N M M U M E M T W R S T A K O O P Q T Z T N O C P I U R Q S P A C E V X E M A G N E T I C F I E L D R

Moon rocks, Magnetometer, Spacecraft, Spinoff, SpaceIL, Magnetic field, hop, Israel, NASA, Space, Experiment, Astronaut, Sun, Launch, Moon.

14 FIND THE ODD SPACECRAFT AND DRAW A CIRCLE AROUND IT FINDFIND THETHE DIFFERENCESDIFFERENCES Find at least 15 differences between the two pictures.

WORDWORD SEARCHSEARCH ININ SPACESPACE

ANSWERSANSWERS TOTO THETHE ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES: Pg. 7 Cryptogram: A magnetometer is a tool that measures the strength of a magnetic field. We will use a magnetometer to try and collect data on the lunar magnetic field. Data collection will start as soon as the spacecraft lands on the Moon and will continue during the spacecraft’s 500 meters “hop” on the surface of the Moon. The collected data will help us understand how did Moon rocks acquire their magnetic properties although the lunar core does not have a magnetic field today.

Pg 11 True or False: 1-True, 2- True, 3-True, 4-True, 5-True, 6-False, 7-True, 8-False, 9-False, 10-True

Pg. 12 Crossword: SPINOFF

15 Content writing and management: Neta Siloni – Educational Content Development Illustration and design: Carte Blanche Studio English translation by Orit Yoav

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