End-To-End GN&C for the Powered Descent and Safe, Precise Lunar Landing
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An Evolved International Lunar Decade Global Exploration Roadmap
Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (2015) 2016.pdf An Evolved International Lunar Decade Global Exploration Roadmap. David Dunlop. Author1 and Kim Hold- er. Author2, 1 National Space Society, 410 Ashland Ave, Green Bay Wisconsin, [email protected], 2 National Space Society (Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico, Kim [email protected]). Introduction: Since 2007 an International 1 The 2013 GER edition did not reflect the Chinese Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) of 14 government lunar mission series beginning with the of the largest national space agencies has met to look at 2013 Chang’e III successful landing, and reflecting the potential of collaborative planning and coordina- Chang’e IV (now scheduled for 2020 targeting the tion of their national space exploration activities. lunar farside, Change’e V (sample return now sched- While these meetings have generally been closed door uled for 2017) with a Change’6 Mission indicated as a back-up to the sample return mission. (3) events a 2013 edition Global Exploration Roadmap 2 The GER did not reflect any of the Google Lunar X- (GER) was produced (signed off) by 12 of the 14 coun- Prize Missions. Several teams such as Astrobotic and tries reflecting their projected space program activities Moon-X and Team Space IL have received significant in the categories: Low Earth Orbit, Lunar Vicinity, financial support, have developed flight hardware, and Moon, Mars, Asteroids, and Transportation.(1) This while slipping behind the earlier 2015 deadline are GER is a formidable measure of collaborative efforts planning missions to the Moon perhaps succeeding in and spirits and a reflection of significant global coop- 2016 or when more affordable reusable launchers be- eration. -
Spring 2018 Undergraduate Law Journal
SPRING 2018 UNDERGRADUATE LAW JOURNAL The Final Frontier: Evolution of Space Law in a Global Society By: Garett Faulkender and Stephan Schneider Introduction “Space: the final frontier!” These are the famous introductory words spoken by William Shatner on every episode of Star Trek. This science-fiction TV show has gained a cult-following with its premise as a futuristic Space odyssey. Originally released in 1966, many saw the portrayed future filled with Space-travel, inter-planetary commerce and politics, and futuristic technology as merely a dream. However, today we are starting to explore this frontier. “We are entering an exciting era in [S]pace where we expect more advances in the next few decades than throughout human history.”1 Bank of America/Merrill Lynch has predicted that the Space industry will grow to over $2.7 trillion over the next three decades. Its report said, “a new raft of drivers is pushing the ‘Space Age 2.0’”.2 Indeed, this market has seen start-up investments in the range of $16 billion,3 helping fund impressive new companies like Virgin Galactic and SpaceX. There is certainly a market as Virgin Galactic says more than 600 customers have registered for a $250,000 suborbital trip, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Katy Perry, Ashton Kutcher, and physicist Stephen Hawking.4 Although Space-tourism is the exciting face of a future in Space, the Space industry has far more to offer. According to the Satellite Industries 1 Michael Sheetz, The Space Industry Will Be Worth Nearly $3 Trillion in 30 Years, Bank of America Predicts, CNBC, (last updated Oct. -
Astronomy News KW RASC FRIDAY JANUARY 8 2021
Astronomy News KW RASC FRIDAY JANUARY 8 2021 JIM FAIRLES What to expect for spaceflight and astronomy in 2021 https://astronomy.com/news/2021/01/what-to-expect-for- spaceflight-and-astronomy-in-2021 By Corey S. Powell | Published: Monday, January 4, 2021 Whatever craziness may be happening on Earth, the coming year promises to be a spectacular one across the solar system. 2020 - It was the worst of times, it was the best of times. First landing on the lunar farside, two impressive successes in gathering samples from asteroids, the first new pieces of the Moon brought home in 44 years, close-up explorations of the Sun, and major advances in low-cost reusable rockets. First Visit to Jupiter's Trojan Asteroids First Visit to Jupiter's Trojan Asteroids In October, NASA is set to launch the Lucy spacecraft. Over its 12-year primary mission, Lucy will visit eight different asteroids. One target lies in the asteroid belt. The other seven are so-called Trojan asteroids that share an orbit with Jupiter, trapped in points of stability 60 degrees ahead of or behind the planet as it goes around the sun. These objects have been trapped in their locations for billions of years, probably since the time of the formation of the solar system. They contain preserved samples of water-rich and carbon-rich material in the outer solar system; some of that material formed Jupiter, while other bits moved inward to contribute to Earth's life-sustaining composition. As a whimsical aside: When meteorites strike carbon-rich asteroids, they create tiny carbon crystals. -
Global Exploration Roadmap
The Global Exploration Roadmap January 2018 What is New in The Global Exploration Roadmap? This new edition of the Global Exploration robotic space exploration. Refinements in important role in sustainable human space Roadmap reaffirms the interest of 14 space this edition include: exploration. Initially, it supports human and agencies to expand human presence into the robotic lunar exploration in a manner which Solar System, with the surface of Mars as • A summary of the benefits stemming from creates opportunities for multiple sectors to a common driving goal. It reflects a coordi- space exploration. Numerous benefits will advance key goals. nated international effort to prepare for space come from this exciting endeavour. It is • The recognition of the growing private exploration missions beginning with the Inter- important that mission objectives reflect this sector interest in space exploration. national Space Station (ISS) and continuing priority when planning exploration missions. Interest from the private sector is already to the lunar vicinity, the lunar surface, then • The important role of science and knowl- transforming the future of low Earth orbit, on to Mars. The expanded group of agencies edge gain. Open interaction with the creating new opportunities as space agen- demonstrates the growing interest in space international science community helped cies look to expand human presence into exploration and the importance of coopera- identify specific scientific opportunities the Solar System. Growing capability and tion to realise individual and common goals created by the presence of humans and interest from the private sector indicate and objectives. their infrastructure as they explore the Solar a future for collaboration not only among System. -
September-2019-E-Magazine.Pdf
Jatin Verma’s Current Affairs Magazine (September, 2019) Visit:- www.jatinverma.org 1 2 Note: Our magazine covers important current affairs from all the important sources referred by UPSC CSE aspirants- The Hindu, Indian Express, PIB, RSTV, LSTV, Economic & Political Weekly and Frontline magazine and other journals. Since we do not want to compromise on quality of facts & analysis, the magazine might run into some extra pages. We assure you that we have tried our best to make this magazine the “one stop solution” for your current affairs preparation for UPSC CSE 2020. 3 FOCUS ARTICLES Economic Slowdown India’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate slowed to a six-year low of 5% in the first quarter of the 2019-20 financial year, led by a dramatic slowdown in the manufacturing sector, according to GDP data released by the National Statistical Office (NSO). ● The growth of Gross Value Added (GVA) stood at 4.9% in the first quarter of the financial year 2019- 20, also the slowest in six years. ● Manufacturing sector grew at an anaemic two-year low of 0.6% in the first quarter of 2019-20, down from 12.1% in the same quarter of the previous year. ● Automobile Sector has as well reported a high double-digit decline in their sales in August as it continued to reel under one of the worst slowdowns in its history. ● Agriculture sector also saw a dramatic slowdown in growth to 2% from 5.1% over the same period. ● Real estate sector was also highlighted by the slowdown in its growth rate to 5.7% in the first quarter of this financial year, compared with 9.6% in the same quarter of 2018-19. -
For Immediate Release: TWO GOOGLE LUNAR XPRIZE
Media Contact: Kyoko Yonezawa [email protected] For Immediate Release: TWO GOOGLE LUNAR XPRIZE TEAMS ANNOUNCE RIDESHARE PARTNERSHIP FOR MISSION TO THE MOON IN 2016 Team HAKUTO (Japan) and Team Astrobotic (U.S.) Plan Cooperative Launch in Pursuit of $30 Million Prize to Land a Private Spacecraft on the Lunar Surface TOKYO, Japan (February 24, 2015) – HAKUTO, the only Japanese team competing for the $30 million Google Lunar XPRIZE, has announced a contract with fellow competitor, Astrobotic, based in Pittsburgh, Pa., to carry a pair of rovers to the moon. Astrobotic plans to launch its Google Lunar XPRIZE mission on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral, Fla., during the second half of 2016. HAKUTO’s twin rovers, Moonraker and Tetris, will piggyback on Astrobotic's Griffin lander to reach the lunar surface. Upon touchdown, the rovers will be released simultaneously with Astrobotic’s Andy rover, developed by Carnegie Mellon University, travel 500 meters on the moon’s surface and send high-definition images and video back to Earth, all in pursuit of the $20M Google Lunar XPRIZE Grand Prize. Last month, both teams were awarded Google Lunar XPRIZE Milestone Prizes: HAKUTO won $500,000 for technological advancements in the Mobility category, while Astrobotic, in partnership with Carnegie Mellon University, won a total of $1.75M for innovations in all three focus areas—Landing, Mobility and Imaging. Throughout the judging process, all three rovers, Moonraker, Tetris and Andy, demonstrated the ability to move 500 meters across the lunar surface and withstand the high radiation environment and extreme temperatures on the moon. -
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OUT THERE WALKING ON THE MOON RAMGOPAL (RAMG) VALLATH This is the story k Chotisi Asha — one small hope, that is Fig.1) that is designed to travel from the of a private Ewhat I am named: ECA for short. But the Earth to the Moon, land there and drive Indian company, hope I represent is anything but small. I around on the moon. By the time you read TeamIndus, that represent the hopes of 1.3 billion people of this story, I will be on my way to the moon or is competing in India as they make giant strides across all would have already landed there. the Google Lunar facets of science and I represent the hope of XPRIZE challenge I was conceived and built in the office of humanity to spread wings, move out of the to land a rover on the young start-up company, TeamIndus, in the moon. security of mother Earth and settle on distant Bengaluru, India. It all started when Google planets. I am a small but giant step in that announced the Lunar XPRIZE (GLXP for direction. You see, I am a small rover (refer short), a global competition. It is a $30M Fig. 1. ECA (Short for Ek Chotisi Asha- one small hope) is the moon rover designed by TeamIndus. Credits: TeamIndus. License: Copyrighted and used with permission. 94 - REDISCOVERING SCHOOL SCIENCE Jan 2018 Fig. 2. ECA along with the spacecraft, photographed at the TeamIndus facility in Bangalore. Credits: TeamIndus. License: Copyrighted and used with permission. competition to challenge and inspire twenty people in the team (refer Fig.3), that was also designed by TeamIndus. -
2015 October
TTSIQ #13 page 1 OCTOBER 2015 www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-today-s-mars Flash! Sept. 28, 2015: www.space.com/30674-flowing-water-on-mars-discovery-pictures.html www.space.com/30673-water-flows-on-mars-discovery.html - “boosting odds for life!” These dark, narrow, 100 meter~yards long streaks called “recurring slope lineae” flowing downhill on Mars are inferred to have been formed by contemporary flowing water www.space.com/30683-mars-liquid-water-astronaut-exploration.html INDEX 2 Co-sponsoring Organizations NEWS SECTION pp. 3-56 3-13 Earth Orbit and Mission to Planet Earth 13-14 Space Tourism 15-20 Cislunar Space and the Moon 20-28 Mars 29-33 Asteroids & Comets 34-47 Other Planets & their moons 48-56 Starbound ARTICLES & ESSAY SECTION pp 56-84 56 Replace "Pluto the Dwarf Planet" with "Pluto-Charon Binary Planet" 61 Kepler Shipyards: an Innovative force that could reshape the future 64 Moon Fans + Mars Fans => Collaboration on Joint Project Areas 65 Editor’s List of Needed Science Missions 66 Skyfields 68 Alan Bean: from “Moonwalker” to Artist 69 Economic Assessment and Systems Analysis of an Evolvable Lunar Architecture that Leverages Commercial Space Capabilities and Public-Private-Partnerships 71 An Evolved Commercialized International Space Station 74 Remembrance of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam 75 The Problem of Rational Investment of Capital in Sustainable Futures on Earth and in Space 75 Recommendations to Overcome Non-Technical Challenges to Cleaning Up Orbital Debris STUDENTS & TEACHERS pp 85-96 Past TTSIQ issues are online at: www.moonsociety.org/international/ttsiq/ and at: www.nss.org/tothestarsOO TTSIQ #13 page 2 OCTOBER 2015 TTSIQ Sponsor Organizations 1. -
Espinsights the Global Space Activity Monitor
ESPInsights The Global Space Activity Monitor Issue 2 May–June 2019 CONTENTS FOCUS ..................................................................................................................... 1 European industrial leadership at stake ............................................................................ 1 SPACE POLICY AND PROGRAMMES .................................................................................... 2 EUROPE ................................................................................................................. 2 9th EU-ESA Space Council .......................................................................................... 2 Europe’s Martian ambitions take shape ......................................................................... 2 ESA’s advancements on Planetary Defence Systems ........................................................... 2 ESA prepares for rescuing Humans on Moon .................................................................... 3 ESA’s private partnerships ......................................................................................... 3 ESA’s international cooperation with Japan .................................................................... 3 New EU Parliament, new EU European Space Policy? ......................................................... 3 France reflects on its competitiveness and defence posture in space ...................................... 3 Germany joins consortium to support a European reusable rocket......................................... -
Deep Space Chronicle Deep Space Chronicle: a Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 | Asifa
dsc_cover (Converted)-1 8/6/02 10:33 AM Page 1 Deep Space Chronicle Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology ofDeep Space and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 |Asif A.Siddiqi National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA SP-2002-4524 A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000 Asif A. Siddiqi NASA SP-2002-4524 Monographs in Aerospace History Number 24 dsc_cover (Converted)-1 8/6/02 10:33 AM Page 2 Cover photo: A montage of planetary images taken by Mariner 10, the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter, Voyager 1, and Voyager 2, all managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Included (from top to bottom) are images of Mercury, Venus, Earth (and Moon), Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and its Moon, and Mars) and the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) are roughly to scale to each other. NASA SP-2002-4524 Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000 ASIF A. SIDDIQI Monographs in Aerospace History Number 24 June 2002 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of External Relations NASA History Office Washington, DC 20546-0001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siddiqi, Asif A., 1966 Deep space chronicle: a chronology of deep space and planetary probes, 1958-2000 / by Asif A. Siddiqi. p.cm. – (Monographs in aerospace history; no. 24) (NASA SP; 2002-4524) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Space flight—History—20th century. I. Title. II. Series. III. NASA SP; 4524 TL 790.S53 2002 629.4’1’0904—dc21 2001044012 Table of Contents Foreword by Roger D. -
Astrobotic: Commercial Service for Lunar Resource Payload Delivery
Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (2015) 2066.pdf ASTROBOTIC: COMMERCIAL SERVICE FOR LUNAR RESOURCE PAYLOAD DELIVERY. J. Thornton1, S. Huber2, K. Peterson3, D. Hendrickson4, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Astrobotic Technology, Inc. (2515 Liberty Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15222). ing resource instruments on mul- Introduction: This paper describes how Astrobot- ti-customer missions to the Moon, ic’s commercial lunar delivery service is enabling ac- resource development investiga- cess to the Moon for activities such as lunar resource tions can be launched and iterated development payloads. Topics addressed here include at multiple sites on the lunar sur- current impediments to lunar resource development, face. Small instruments can be commercial approaches to delivering resource devel- sent to numerous destinations, on opment payloads to the Moon, and traction already many small rovers. This ap- seen with the commercial market for payload delivery. proach allows resource payloads Impediments to Lunar Resource Development: Figure 1: Astro- to fly without complicated and The prospect of utilizing lunar resources for future botic’s lunar tenuous bilateral space agency space exploration is promising, and could reduce the payload delivery partnerships. Multi-user commer- cost of missions beyond Earth orbit by a factor of four. model is an end- cial missions can also provide [1] Realizing these savings however, requires first the to-end commer- important precursor feasibility determination of lunar resource availability, and the cial delivery ser- assessments of resource develop- demonstration of resource extraction, refinement, and vice ideal for ment without a major financial utilization. The prior high-cost of robotic missions to lunar resource- commitment by one or more the Moon has placed an extraordinary barrier to these focused pay- space agencies. -
Workshop Report
WORKSHOP REPORT July 2019 This report was compiled by Andrew Petro, Anna Schonwald, Chris Britt, Renee Weber, Jeff Sheehy, Allison Zuniga, and Lee Mason. Contents Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2 WORKSHOP SUMMARY 5 Workshop Purpose and Scope 5 Background and Objectives 5 Workshop Agenda 6 Overview of Lunar Day/Night Environmental Conditions 7 Lessons Learned From Missions That Have Survived Lunar Night 8 Science Perspective 9 Exploration Perspective 10 Evolving Requirements from Survival to Continuous Operations for Science, 11 Exploration, and Commercial Activities Power Generation, Storage and Distribution - State of the Art, Potential 13 Solutions, and Technology Gaps Thermal Management Systems, Strategies, and Component Design Features - 16 State of the Art, Potential Solutions, and Technology Gaps The Economic Business Case for Creating Lunar Infrastructure Services and 18 Lunar Markets International Space University Summer Project “Lunar Night Survival” 20 Open Discussion Summary 21 APPENDIX A: Workshop Organizing Committee and Participants 23 APPENDIX B: Poster Session Participants 28 1 Survive and Operate Through the Lunar Night WORKSHOP REPORT June 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS The lunar day/night cycle, which at most locations on the Moon, includes fourteen Earth days of continuous sunlight followed by fourteen days of continuous darkness and extreme cold presents one of the most demanding environmental challenge that will be faced in the exploration of the solar system. Due to the lack of a moderating atmosphere, temperatures on the lunar surface can range from as high as +120 C during the day to as low as -180 C during the night. Permanently shadowed regions can be even colder.