Artzeinu Weekly Israel News Update
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Astronomy News KW RASC FRIDAY JANUARY 8 2021
Astronomy News KW RASC FRIDAY JANUARY 8 2021 JIM FAIRLES What to expect for spaceflight and astronomy in 2021 https://astronomy.com/news/2021/01/what-to-expect-for- spaceflight-and-astronomy-in-2021 By Corey S. Powell | Published: Monday, January 4, 2021 Whatever craziness may be happening on Earth, the coming year promises to be a spectacular one across the solar system. 2020 - It was the worst of times, it was the best of times. First landing on the lunar farside, two impressive successes in gathering samples from asteroids, the first new pieces of the Moon brought home in 44 years, close-up explorations of the Sun, and major advances in low-cost reusable rockets. First Visit to Jupiter's Trojan Asteroids First Visit to Jupiter's Trojan Asteroids In October, NASA is set to launch the Lucy spacecraft. Over its 12-year primary mission, Lucy will visit eight different asteroids. One target lies in the asteroid belt. The other seven are so-called Trojan asteroids that share an orbit with Jupiter, trapped in points of stability 60 degrees ahead of or behind the planet as it goes around the sun. These objects have been trapped in their locations for billions of years, probably since the time of the formation of the solar system. They contain preserved samples of water-rich and carbon-rich material in the outer solar system; some of that material formed Jupiter, while other bits moved inward to contribute to Earth's life-sustaining composition. As a whimsical aside: When meteorites strike carbon-rich asteroids, they create tiny carbon crystals. -
Israel, Palestine, and the Olso Accords
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 23, Issue 1 1999 Article 4 Israel, Palestine, and the Olso Accords JillAllison Weiner∗ ∗ Copyright c 1999 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj Israel, Palestine, and the Olso Accords JillAllison Weiner Abstract This Comment addresses the Middle East peace process, focusing upon the relationship be- tween Israel and Palestine. Part I discusses the background of the land that today comprises the State of Israel and its territories. This Part summarizes the various accords and peace treaties signed by Israel, the Palestinians, and the other surrounding Arab Nations. Part II reviews com- mentary regarding peace in the Middle East by those who believe Israel needs to surrender more land and by those who feel that Palestine already has received too much. Part II examines the conflict over the permanent status negotiations, such as the status of the territories. Part III argues that all the parties need to abide by the conditions and goals set forth in the Oslo Accords before they can realistically begin the permanent status negotiations. Finally, this Comment concludes that in order to achieve peace, both sides will need to compromise, with Israel allowing an inde- pendent Palestinian State and Palestine amending its charter and ending the call for the destruction of Israel, though the circumstances do not bode well for peace in the Middle East. ISRAEL, PALESTINE, AND THE OSLO ACCORDS fillAllison Weiner* INTRODUCTION Israel's' history has always been marked by a juxtaposition between two peoples-the Israelis and the Palestinians 2-each believing that the land is rightfully theirs according to their reli- gion' and history.4 In 1897, Theodore Herzl5 wrote DerJeden- * J.D. -
Netanyahu Formally Denies Charges in Court
WWW.JPOST.COM THE Volume LXXXIX, Number 26922 JERUSALEFOUNDED IN 1932 M POSTNIS 13.00 (EILAT NIS 11.00) TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 2021 27 SHVAT, 5781 Eye in the sky A joint goal Feminist religious art IAI unveils aerial Amos Yadlin on the need to When God, Jesus surveillance system 6 work with Biden to stop Iran and Allah were women Page 6 Page 9 Page 16 How did we miss Netanyahu formally denies charges in court Judges hint witnesses to be called only after election • PM leaves hearing early the exit • By YONAH JEREMY BOB two to three weeks to review these documents before wit- Prime Minister Benjamin nesses are called, that would ramp? Netanyahu’s defense team easily move the first witness fought with the prosecution beyond March 23. ANALYSIS on Monday at the Jerusalem Judge Rivkah Friedman Feld- • By YONAH JEREMY BOB District Court over calling man echoed the prosecution’s witnesses in his public cor- arguments that the defense A lifetime ago when living ruption trial before the March had between one to two years in northern New Jersey, I 23 election. to prepare for witnesses. But often drove further north for It seemed that the judges ultimately the judges did not work. were leaning toward calling seem anxious to call the first Sometimes the correct exit the first witness in late March witness before March 23. was small and easy to miss. or early April, which they A parallel fight between the But there were around five would present as a compro- sides was the prosecution’s or so exits I could use to avoid mise between the sides. -
Political Islam in Contested Jerusalem: the Emerging Role of Islamists from Within Israel
Divided Cities/Contested States Working Paper No. 12, 2009 Political Islam in Contested Jerusalem: The Emerging Role of Islamists from within Israel Mick Dumper, Department of Politics, University of Exeter Craig Larkin, Department of Politics, University of Exeter Conflict in Cities and the Contested State: Everyday life and the possibilities for transformation in Belfast, Jerusalem and other divided cities UK Economic and Social Research Council Large Grants Scheme, RES-060-25-0015, 2007-2012. Divided Cities/Contested States Working Paper Series www.conflictincities.org/workingpapers.html Editor: Prof James Anderson Associate Editors: Prof Mick Dumper, Prof Liam O'Dowd and Dr Wendy Pullan Editorial Assistant: Dr Milena Komarova Correspondence to: [email protected]; [email protected] THE SERIES 1. From empires to ethno-national conflicts: A framework for studying ‘divided cities’ in ‘contested states’ – Part 1, J. Anderson, 2008. 2. The politics of heritage and the limitations of international agency in divided cities: The role of UNESCO in Jerusalem’s Old City, M. Dumper and C. Larkin, 2008. 3. Shared space in Belfast and the limits of A Shared Future, M. Komarova, 2008. 4. The multiple borders of Jerusalem: Policy implications for the future of the city, M. Dumper, 2008. 5. New spaces and old in ‘post-conflict’ Belfast, B. Murtagh, 2008 6. Jerusalem’s ‘City of David’: The politicisation of urban heritage, W. Pullan and M. Gwiazda, 2008. 7. Post-conflict reconstruction in Mostar: Cart before the horse, J. Calame and A. Pasic, 2009. 8. Reconstructing and deconstructing Beirut: Space, memory and Lebanese youth, C. -
Workshop Report
WORKSHOP REPORT July 2019 This report was compiled by Andrew Petro, Anna Schonwald, Chris Britt, Renee Weber, Jeff Sheehy, Allison Zuniga, and Lee Mason. Contents Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2 WORKSHOP SUMMARY 5 Workshop Purpose and Scope 5 Background and Objectives 5 Workshop Agenda 6 Overview of Lunar Day/Night Environmental Conditions 7 Lessons Learned From Missions That Have Survived Lunar Night 8 Science Perspective 9 Exploration Perspective 10 Evolving Requirements from Survival to Continuous Operations for Science, 11 Exploration, and Commercial Activities Power Generation, Storage and Distribution - State of the Art, Potential 13 Solutions, and Technology Gaps Thermal Management Systems, Strategies, and Component Design Features - 16 State of the Art, Potential Solutions, and Technology Gaps The Economic Business Case for Creating Lunar Infrastructure Services and 18 Lunar Markets International Space University Summer Project “Lunar Night Survival” 20 Open Discussion Summary 21 APPENDIX A: Workshop Organizing Committee and Participants 23 APPENDIX B: Poster Session Participants 28 1 Survive and Operate Through the Lunar Night WORKSHOP REPORT June 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS The lunar day/night cycle, which at most locations on the Moon, includes fourteen Earth days of continuous sunlight followed by fourteen days of continuous darkness and extreme cold presents one of the most demanding environmental challenge that will be faced in the exploration of the solar system. Due to the lack of a moderating atmosphere, temperatures on the lunar surface can range from as high as +120 C during the day to as low as -180 C during the night. Permanently shadowed regions can be even colder. -
20190331 NSSC.Xlsx
Active International Space Act Agreements by Signature Date (as of March 31, 2019) Execution NASA (Signature) Expiration No. Installation(s) Partner Name Country Title/Purpose Type of Agreement Activity Description Date Date 1 Kennedy Space Government of Spain Spain (SP) Agreement on Space Cooperation Umbrella/Framework Authorization for, in case of an emergency, manned 7/11/1991 12/31/2100 Center (KSC) Between the United States of Agreement (UM/FW) space vehicles of the United States to overfly, enter, America and the Kingdom of and depart Spanish air space and use the runways, Spain taxiways, and other installations at the Moron de la Frontera, Rota, and Zaragoza bases; also, agreement to negotiate agreements in promising areas for joint efforts to strengthen cooperation in space science and technology. Dip notes entering the agreement into force were exchange on Sept 3, 1991, and May 12, 1994. The science and technology portion of this agreement was implemented by agreement SP0027 of 12/02/1991 with INTA and agreement SP0028 of 07/03/1992 with CDTI. 2 All NASA Centers National Institute for Spain (SP) Agreement on Cooperative Umbrella/Framework Broad agreement between NASA and the National 12/2/1991 12/31/2100 Aerospace Technology Activities Between NASA and the Agreement (UM/FW) Institute for Aerospace Technology of Spain (INTA) to (INTA) National Institute For Aerospace consider cooperation in a variety of fields in Space Technology of Spain Science, Earth Science, Aeronautics Research, and Exploration Systems. The agreement also establishes a group to discuss potential cooperative projects in the identified areas. The agreement is automatically extended each year. -
Spaceil: Landing the First Israeli Spacecraft on the Moon
SpaceIL: Landing the first Israeli Spacecraft on the Moon About SpaceIL SpaceIL is a nonprofit organization working to land the first Israeli spacecraft on the Moon. SpaceIL is the sole Israeli team competing in the Google Lunar XPRIZE (GLXP) international race to the Moon. Being the only team established as a nonprofit, SpaceIL is committed to donating the potential prize money to science and science education in Israel. Founded at the end of 2010 by Yariv Bash, Kfir Damari and Yonatan Winetraub - three young Israeli engineers- SpaceIL exemplifies the spirit of the "start-up nation" and is working to ensure that Israel lives up to its reputation of excellence in the fields of science and technology. Through this Moon mission, SpaceIL aspires to create an Israeli "Apollo effect" inspiring the young generation to study science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). Team and Leadership Shortly after the nonprofit was established, the organization scaled into a national phenomenon in Israel. What started with three engineers sketching a spacecraft design over drinks in a bar, is now an organization comprised of nearly 30 full-time staff and dozens of volunteers across Israel. In 2013, Eran Privman (PhD), joined the team as CEO to manage the nonprofit enterprise. SpaceIL has become a source of national pride, providing an opportunity to showcase Israel's ambitious spirit, creative solutions and innovative energy. Network of Supporters From its inception, SpaceIL received the enthusiastic support of Israel's former President Shimon Peres and current President Reuven Rivlin. In addition, a network of renowned academics, business and industry leaders and experts support SpaceIL, including: Israel's Space Agency, Weizmann Institute of Science, Tel Aviv University, Bezeq Communications and Israel Aerospace Industry (IAI), which is SpaceIL's main contractor with many years of experience in satellite building. -
Beresheet 2: Israel
Beresheet 2: Israel drishtiias.com/printpdf/beresheet-2-israel Why in News Recently, Israel launched the Beresheet 2 project aimed at landing an unmanned craft on the moon in 2024. Earlier, Israel’s Beresheet probe crash landed on the Moon. Key Points Background: The Beresheet probe was a private mission to the Moon by Israeli non-profit SpaceIL organisation. Beresheet in hebrew (spoken in Israel) means Genesis. It was successfully launched in February 2019, on board a Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral (USA) and arrived in lunar orbit in April 2019. It suffered an engine failure as it prepared to land and crashed abruptly on the surface of the moon. 1/2 Beresheet 2: Objective: Conducting experiments and collecting data on behalf of school students. Structure: It will involve launching two landing craft and an orbiter that would circle the moon for years. Cost: It will cost around 100 million dollars raised from international partnerships and donors. Significance: Israel could become the fourth nation to land a spacecraft on the moon after the USA, the former Soviet Union and China. Other Missions to Moon: India has planned a new moon mission named Chandrayaan-3. It is likely to be launched in early 2021. It will be a mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2 and will include a Lander and Rover similar to that of Chandrayaan-2, but will not have an orbiter. Chandrayaan-2 failed which crushed India's dream to become the first nation to successfully touch down on the lunar surface in its maiden attempt. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has decided to send an unmanned spacecraft to the moon in 2024. -
Changing Road Signs in Israel: Production and Perception
CHANGING ROAD SIGNS IN ISRAEL: PRODUCTION AND PERCEPTION BY NAGHAM FAISAL AWADALLAH THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Linguistics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2011 Urbana, Illinois Master‟s Committee: Professor Rakesh Mohan Bhatt Professor Eyamba G. Bokamba ABSTRACT In Palestine/Israel the struggle to control the land and the people is not merely conducted through physical violence. More subtle attempts for controlling the region and labeling it as belonging for one side rather than the other are implemented. This paper focuses on an Israeli suggestion to change the orthography of city names on road signs so that they are transliterations of the Hebrew name of the city. This one event, the Israeli suggestion to change city names on road signs, is represented to the public by two competing, and mostly opposing, discourses. This paper uses critical discourse analysis to analyze four articles, two of which are written by Arabic media sources, and the other two are written by Israeli ones. This analysis is paired with a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of the reactions of participants of different political affiliations to chosen excerpts of the articles. The paper aims at showing how one event is represented differently through different discourses, and how people who are affected be specific discourses react to them. ii To my loving and supportive husband, Samer, and to my parents. This would not have been possible without -
Security Cou Official Records
UNITED NATIONS _.Y SECURITY COU OFFICIAL RECORDS THIRTY-FIFTH YEAR 2221stMEETING: 8 MAY 1980 NEW YORK CONTENTS Page Provisional agenda (S/Agenda/222 1) .i......*............................ Tribute to the memory of Josip Broz Tito, President of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . ..*............................. Expression of thanks to the retiring President . Adoption of the agenda . ..*..................................... The situation in the occupied Arab territories: Letter dated 6 May 1980 from the Permanent Representative of Tunisia to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/13926) . 1 ZqPV.2221 . ,.l __. I- , : . ,. ., .NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters com- bined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. Documents of the Security Council (symbol S/ . .) are normally published in quarterly Supplements of the Official Records of the Security Council. The date of the document indicates the supplement in which it appears or in which infor- mation about it is given. The resolutions of the Security Council; numbered in accordance with a system adopted in 1964, are published in yearly volumes of Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council. The new system, which has been applied retroactively to resolutions adopted before 1 January 1965, became fully operative on that date. 222ist MEETING Held in New York on Thursday, 8 May 1980, at 4.30 p.m. President: Mr. Id& OUMAROU (Niger). I should like at the outset to Dav a tribute, on behalf of the members of the Council; td Ambassador Porfirio Present: The representatives of the following States: Muiioz Ledo of Mexico, for the masterly way in which Bangladesh, China, France, German Democratic he conducted the proceedings of the Council in April. -
Israel (Includes West Bank and Gaza) 2020 International Religious Freedom Report
ISRAEL (INCLUDES WEST BANK AND GAZA) 2020 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The country’s laws and Supreme Court rulings protect the freedoms of conscience, faith, religion, and worship, regardless of an individual’s religious affiliation. The 1992 Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty describes the country as a “Jewish and democratic state.” The 2018 Basic Law: Israel – The Nation State of the Jewish People law determines, according to the government, that “the Land of Israel is the historical homeland of the Jewish people; the State of Israel is the nation state of the Jewish People, in which it realizes its natural, cultural, religious and historical right to self-determination; and exercising the right to national self- determination in the State of Israel is unique to the Jewish People.” In June, authorities charged Zion Cohen for carrying out attacks on May 17 on religious institutions in Petah Tikva, Ashdod, Tel Aviv, and Kfar Saba. According to his indictment, Cohen sought to stop religious institutions from providing services to secular individuals, thereby furthering his goal of separating religion and the state. He was awaiting trial at year’s end. In July, the Haifa District Court upheld the 2019 conviction and sentencing for incitement of Raed Salah, head of the prohibited Islamic Movement, for speaking publicly in favor an attack by the group in 2017 that killed two police officers at the Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount. In his defense, Salah stated that his views were religious opinions rooted in the Quran and that they did not include a direct call to violence. -
ILWS Report 137 Moon
Returning to the Moon Heritage issues raised by the Google Lunar X Prize Dirk HR Spennemann Guy Murphy Returning to the Moon Heritage issues raised by the Google Lunar X Prize Dirk HR Spennemann Guy Murphy Albury February 2020 © 2011, revised 2020. All rights reserved by the authors. The contents of this publication are copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne Convention. No parts of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in existence or to be invented, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the authors, except where permitted by law. Preferred citation of this Report Spennemann, Dirk HR & Murphy, Guy (2020). Returning to the Moon. Heritage issues raised by the Google Lunar X Prize. Institute for Land, Water and Society Report nº 137. Albury, NSW: Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University. iv, 35 pp ISBN 978-1-86-467370-8 Disclaimer The views expressed in this report are solely the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect the views of Charles Sturt University. Contact Associate Professor Dirk HR Spennemann, MA, PhD, MICOMOS, APF Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury NSW 2640, Australia. email: [email protected] Spennemann & Murphy (2020) Returning to the Moon: Heritage Issues Raised by the Google Lunar X Prize Page ii CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. HUMAN ARTEFACTS ON THE MOON 3 What Have These Missions Left BehinD? 4 Impactor Missions 10 Lander Missions 11 Rover Missions 11 Sample Return Missions 11 Human Missions 11 The Lunar Environment & ImpLications for Artefact Preservation 13 Decay caused by ascent module 15 Decay by solar radiation 15 Human Interference 16 3.