The Early Model Personal Computer Contest Oliver Strimpei
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Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak: Geek Heroes Who Put the Personal in Computers Pdf
FREE STEVE JOBS AND STEVE WOZNIAK: GEEK HEROES WHO PUT THE PERSONAL IN COMPUTERS PDF Mike Venezia | 32 pages | 01 Sep 2010 | Hachette Children's Group | 9780531223512 | English | London, United Kingdom Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak: Geek Heroes Who Put the Personal in Computers - Google Livres Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Get A Copy. Hardcover32 pages. Published March 1st by Scholastic first published More Details Other Editions 1. Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak: Geek Heroes Who Put the Personal in Computers up. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 3. Rating details. More filters. Sort order. Dec 24, Shelli rated it it was amazing Shelves: historynon-fictionmy-favoritespicture-booksscience. I have read several of the Getting to Know… book series by Mike Venezia and have enjoyed them all. This series on the inventors and scientists make science fun for young readers with its humorous cartoons and interesting easy to follow facts. Elementary schools and libraries would be remiss in not purchasing the entire collection. Nov 28, Tracy Holland rated it really liked it. Biographical timeline of the combination of the brains behind the Apple computer and its inception. Audience: agestechies, science kids, inventor kids Appeal: the print is bigger, which helps, and the cartoons are funny in an understandable way which makes this book great for a younger age group; there's also a glossary in the back for bolded terms which will help with vocabulary. -
Steve Wozniak Was Born in 1950 Steve Jobs in 1955, Both Attended Homestead High School, Los Altos, California
Steve Wozniak was born in 1950 Steve Jobs in 1955, both attended Homestead High School, Los Altos, California, Wozniak dropped out of Berkeley, took a job at Hewlett-Packard as an engineer. They met at HP in 1971. Jobs was 16 and Wozniak 21. 1975 Wozniak and Jobs in their garage working on early computer technologies Together, they built and sold a device called a “blue box.” It could hack AT&T’s long-distance network so that phone calls could be made for free. Jobs went to Oregon’s Reed College in 1972, quit in 1974, and took a job at Atari designing video games. 1974 Wozniak invited Jobs to join the ‘Homebrew Computer Club’ in Palo Alto, a group of electronics-enthusiasts who met at Stanford 1974 they began work on what would become the Apple I, essentially a circuit board, in Jobs’ bedroom. 1976 chiefly by Wozniak’s hand, they had a small, easy-to-use computer – smaller than a portable typewriter. In technical terms, this was the first single-board, microprocessor-based microcomputer (CPU, RAM, and basic textual-video chips) shown at the Homebrew Computer Club. An Apple I computer with a custom-built wood housing with keyboard. They took their new computer to the companies they were familiar with, Hewlett-Packard and Atari, but neither saw much demand for a “personal” computer. Jobs proposed that he and Wozniak start their own company to sell the devices. They agreed to go for it and set up shop in the Jobs’ family garage. Apple I A main circuit board with a tape-interface sold separately, could use a TV as the display system, text only. -
Alog 01 Rsonal
1 I A IRELEASED FOR p _______L!:::....!I..:....L ___+-_-1 I OLUME l.,-=r-~ALL 1986 The I alog 01 MK4096 (or eq uiv) .... "!> "'= ",Il! RAM 14 -'lI S A'!/-A5 II A lB rsonal pulers I------<~ I N OTES: (continued from sheet 1 /3) L---------~;>CAI4 N 7. UNIT. AS SUPPLIED. IN ~ I CLUDES A 6502 MICRO '-------<CAIZ P PROCESSOR, AND SOLDER 14 JUMPERS AT BOTH POINTS L-------<;>~AII/5 MARKED " 6502", AND HAS ~R OMITTED ALL COMPON L-________<~. 15 ENTS SHOWN WITHIN THE L---------------~ .A8/Z S DOTTED BOX. IF A 6800 IS SUBSTITUTED FOR THE c L---------------~;>~A7/1 16 6502 IT IS NECESSARY TO L-_______~~ T INSTALL ALL COMPON ENTS SHOWN. AND TO ~ I BREAK BOTH SOLDER L---------<3:: ~ BRIDGES NOTED "6502". 8. UNIT IS SUPPLIED WITH: ~ v Y Jumpe red to CSF '--------------<AI 19 Z Jumpe red to eso L------------<~A_ W W Jumpercd to CSI and X Jumper-ed to esg. 614 '-------------$<VMA C II~ cs R, S. and T, ARE USER '-------------------------~~BA 6 SELECTABLE CHIP 613 DO 14 R Z SELECTS. (4K BLOCKS) ~C S 01 Z :r : ~ Z 3 ~ 2 9. KYBD & DSP ARE INTER 612 I------------~-t--s_<--<.O:A I~ RUPT OUTPUTS FROM PIA. ~~I.L- -~ R POINTS LABELED "IRQtI, SEE '.-- ~ Z 3 "NMI" ARE INTERRUPT 6 11 NOTE ~~I-L-- -~ 8 S·.•• _ INPUTS FROM MICRO PROCESSOR. FOR NOR T .....----<.......-T L MAL OPERATION NO CL h~--------_<>0~ M JUMPERS ARE REQU IRED. IS) r--------------------<~~ ~ 10. KEYBOARD SOCKET. (B4) . PIN 15, (BIT 8). SHOULD I--- r---------~;>RDY BE JUMPERED TO Vee .1. -
PDP-11 Handbook
alMml digihl equipmentcorpomtion Copyright 1969 by Digital Equipment Corporation PDP is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment, Corporation The material in this handbook is for information pur- poses only and is subject to change without notice. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPIER 1 lNTRODUCTlOR PDP-11 SYSTEMS . .:.. 1 UNIBUS . , . 1 KAl 1 PROCESSOR . .?. 1 Priority Interrupts ,...............,..... 1 Reentrant Code . General Registers . :... 2 Instruction Set . .._........................................................ Addressing . ..~...............................................~........,...,......... z Asynchronous Operation . L 2 PACKAGJNG . ..I . 2 SOmARE ........................ .: ........................................................ 3 CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM INTRODUCTION SYSTEM DEFINITION .................................................................. 5 SYSTEM COMPONENTS ............................................................... 5 UNIBUS ................................................... .................................. 5 Single Bus ................................................................. .......... 5 Bidirectional Lines ............ .......................................... ..* .... 5 Master-Slave Relation ........................... .............................. 5 Interlocked .Communication ................................................ Dynamic Master-Slave Relation ........................................... : KAll CENTRAL PROCESSOR ...................................................... 6 General Registers -
Hardware and Software Companies During the Microcomputer Revolution
Technology Companies Hardware and software houses of the microcomputer age James Tam Recall: Computers Before The Microprocessor James Tam Image: “A History of Computing Technology” (Williams) CPSC 409: The Microcomputer era The Microprocessor1, 2 • Intel was commissioned to design a special purpose system for a client. – Busicom (client): A Japanese hand-held calculator manufacturer – Prior to this the core money making business of Intel was manufacturing computer memory. • “Intel designed a set of four chips known as the MCS-4.”1 – The CPU for the chip was the 4004 (1971) – Also it came with ROM, RAM and a chip for I/O – It was found that by designing a general purpose computer and customizing it through software that this system could meet the client’s needs but reach a larger market. – Clock: 108 kHz3 1 http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/museum-story-of-intel-4004.html 2 https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/silicon-revolution/chip-hall-of-fame-intel-4004-microprocessor James Tam 3 http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/quickreffam.htm The Microprocessor1,2 (2) • Intel negotiated an arrangement with Busicom so it could freely sell these chips to others. – Busicom eventually went bankrupt! – Intel purchased the rights to the chip and marketed it on their own. James Tam CPSC 409: The Microcomputer era The Microprocessor (3) • 8080 processor: second 8 bit (data) microprocessor (first was 8008). – Clock speed: 2 MHz – Used to power the Altair computer – Many, many other processors came after this: • 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium Series I – IV, Celeron, Core • The microprocessors development revolutionized computers by allowing computers to be more widely used. -
Introduction Mainframes
LL I I I I Introduction . 11.. V ZI i ..O. There is little question that the current enthusiasm in personal computing was catalyzed by the introduction of the MITS Altair computer kit in January 1975. This computer kit demonstrated by its cost (originally less than $400) that individuals could now afford a computer. And by its design the Altair established a standard bus structure for the personal computing industry. Less than six months after MITS announced the Altair computer, other manufacturers were announcing com- patible memory boards, interface boards, and peripherals. Within the year bus-compatible mainframes were also introduced. Today over 50 manufacturers support what is known as the Standard 100 or S-100 bus derived from the 100-wire bus used in the original Altair computer. Over 20,000 mainframes using the S-100 bus are now in the field. One key reason for the rapid growth of the personal computer industry can be found in the widespread adoption of a standard microcomputer bus. A second key reason can be found in the design innovations in mainframes, memories, and I/O interfaces designed for the S-100 bus. Figure 1. The basic personal computer can accept a number of standard 5" x 10" cards designed for the industry standard S-100 microcomputer bus. A large selection of CPU, memory, and interface cards offers a great deal of flexibility in system Mainframes design. The basic personal computer mainframe consists of a CPU, computer bus, and power supply. Most mainframes are sold in kit form (Figure 1). Without exception in the personal computing industry of manufacturer support for the S-100 bus, no fewer than a microprocessor serves as the CPU. -
Captain Cosmo's Whizbang Has Finally Made the Big Time with a Real Book Review1n Kilobaud Courtesy Satisfied Reader Larry Stone
CAPTAIN ..COSMO'S WHIZ BANG .. By _Jeff • Duntemann For Me and You and the 1802 I WHAT IS THIS? It's a book, by cracky, about the 1802; hopefully the oddest and most entertaining book on any microprocessor ever written. The 1802 is, after all, an odd and entertaining chip. This view is not shared by all. Physicist Mike Brandl said he could swallow a mouthful of sand and barf up a better microprocessor than the 1802, and another colleague claims its instruction set demands that he program with his left hand. Bitch, bitch, bitch. I kinda like it. Much of this material I.rd oped out while recovering from hernia surgery not long ago and couldn't lift anything heavier than a 40-pin DIP. I had a lot of fun and thought you might like to be copied in on it. Like everything else I do, this book is an experiment. If I don't take a serious loss on production and mailing costs, I may do up another one. I've got a little gimcrack on the bench that'll make you people drool: an easy-to-build thermal printer for the 1802 that you can make for seventy bucks flat with all new parts. I'm working on an automatic phone dialer board and a few other things. Selectric interface. Robotics. Ham radio stuff. All kindsa things. Are you interested? Would you lay out another five beans for a Volume II? Let me know; drop me a note with any and all comments and spare not the spleen; I'm a hard man to offend and I lQ~~ crackpot letters. -
Microprocessors in the 1970'S
Part II 1970's -- The Altair/Apple Era. 3/1 3/2 Part II 1970’s -- The Altair/Apple era Figure 3.1: A graphical history of personal computers in the 1970’s, the MITS Altair and Apple Computer era. Microprocessors in the 1970’s 3/3 Figure 3.2: Andrew S. Grove, Robert N. Noyce and Gordon E. Moore. Figure 3.3: Marcian E. “Ted” Hoff. Photographs are courtesy of Intel Corporation. 3/4 Part II 1970’s -- The Altair/Apple era Figure 3.4: The Intel MCS-4 (Micro Computer System 4) basic system. Figure 3.5: A photomicrograph of the Intel 4004 microprocessor. Photographs are courtesy of Intel Corporation. Chapter 3 Microprocessors in the 1970's The creation of the transistor in 1947 and the development of the integrated circuit in 1958/59, is the technology that formed the basis for the microprocessor. Initially the technology only enabled a restricted number of components on a single chip. However this changed significantly in the following years. The technology evolved from Small Scale Integration (SSI) in the early 1960's to Medium Scale Integration (MSI) with a few hundred components in the mid 1960's. By the late 1960's LSI (Large Scale Integration) chips with thousands of components had occurred. This rapid increase in the number of components in an integrated circuit led to what became known as Moore’s Law. The concept of this law was described by Gordon Moore in an article entitled “Cramming More Components Onto Integrated Circuits” in the April 1965 issue of Electronics magazine [338]. -
ALTAIR 8800 CLONE COMPUTER OPERATOR's MANUAL Version
ALTAIR 8800 CLONE COMPUTER OPERATOR’S MANUAL Version 2.3, April 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1 PART 1 – ALTAIR 8800 CLONE HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS ......................... 2 PART 2 – CONFIGURATION MONITOR ............................................. 4 A. Floppy Disk Menu ....................................................... 4 B. PROM Menu .............................................................. 6 C. Serial Port Menu ....................................................... 7 D. Load .BIN or .HEX File ................................................. 9 E. Administration Menu .................................................... 9 PART 3 – TERMINAL EMULATOR ................................................ 14 A. Overview .............................................................. 14 B. TeraTerm Terminal Emulator ............................................ 14 C. Installing TeraTerm ................................................... 14 D. Configuring TeraTerm .................................................. 14 E. Using TeraTerm ........................................................ 15 PART 4 – ALTAIR 8800 DEMONSTRATIONS ....................................... 16 A. Kill-the-Bit Front Panel Game ......................................... 16 B. Loading and Using 4K BASIC from Paper Tape ............................ 18 C. Loading and Using 8K BASIC from Cassette .............................. 21 D. Loading and Using Disk BASIC from Floppy Disk ........................ -
Timeline of Computer History
Timeline of Computer History By Year By Category Search AI & Robotics (55) Computers (145)(145) Graphics & Games (48) Memory & Storage (61) Networking & The Popular Culture (50) Software & Languages (60) Bell Laboratories scientist 1937 George Stibitz uses relays for a Hewlett-Packard is founded demonstration adder 1939 Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop “Model K” Adder David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Alto, California garage. Their first product, the HP 200A A Called the “Model K” Adder because he built it on his Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipm “Kitchen” table, this simple demonstration circuit provides for engineers. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 2 proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of model to test recording equipment and speaker systems computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie I Complex Calculator in 1939. That same year in Germany, “Fantasia” in 1940. engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. The Complex Number Calculat 1940 Konrad Zuse finishes the Z3 (CNC) is completed Computer 1941 The Zuse Z3 Computer The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC) display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. -
MITS Altair 8800 Computer Systems Brochure
MITS ALTAI 800 A Computer Concept Becomes an ex •ting reality. •••••••••• Contents ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Introduction •....•.•.•.•••••••••••• 3 Altair Systems .........•........•.. 5 The Ultimate System .......•....•.•. 7 The Possibilities .......•....•....• S User Applications ......•.......•.. 10 Altair Options ..........•..•...•.• ll Processor Description ........••.•. 14 Processor Instructions ............ l5 Questions &Answers ......••....•.• 17 1....................................................... .1 Warranty: 90 days on parts and labor fOf assembled units. 90 days on parts fOf kits. Prices, spec'ifications and delivery subject to change without notice. 6328 LINN, N.E .., P.O. BOX 8636, ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. 87108 505/265-7553 © MITS, Inc. 1974 PRINTED IN U.S:A. .. PIPE DREAM? Not too long ago, the thought of an honest, full-blown, high-quality computer that sells for less than $500 would have been considered a mere pipe dream. Everyone knows that computers are monstrous, box-shaped machines that sell for 10's and 100's of thousands of dollars. Pipe dream or not, MITS, the quality engineering company that pioneered the calcu lator market, has made the Altair 8800 a reality. It is the realization of that day when computers arc accessible to almost anyone who wants one. I The heart (and the secret) of the M ITS Altair 8800 is the Intel 8080 processor chip. Thanks to rapid advances in integrated circuit technology, this one IC chip can now do 3 what once took thousands of electronic components (including 100's of IC's) and miles of wire. Make no mistake about it. The M ITS Altair 8800 is a lot of brain power. Its parallel, 8-bit processor uses a 16-bit address. It has 78 basic machine instructions with variances up to 200 instructions. -
M.Nlo Hrk, CA
vee P.t). b{)x JI() pa... k.~ca.~4-02~ N-.Proflt a... U.I.I"OSTAGE PAID ",""h No. 427 M.nlo hrk, CA Celiverto+ ~• jli • ~• N n z- 0 of m,. 3 m 0 'a m 0 c:: 0 _.M• I :::II -'U UI m 'U c» of 0 m 3: DI 3 m .... D ..lI D ~ ~ 111 u::: Not too long ago it became pouible for large scale chips to be made. Intel rolled the ball with the 800e. then rolled it some more with the 8(110. This year's real winner looks like being the PACE chip, from National Semiconductor. These things are oot easy to make. The difficulty of making them is lIflormoosly increased as they get bigger ••nd a 16 bit CPu is awful big. The $lory starts with a few enthusia$ls. a blackboard and a whole crew who doubted it could be made at all. Moby chip, as it was known, was oot a project for the faint hearted. The crooked tines on the blackboard soon became straight and well defined. Very. This is the beginning of the marks which OPtically define the position of every tiny facet of the chip to be. The precision of the whole process starts here, and hera also is the place where chips can be designed not to work - tNery line is checked and rechecked and ... Sometimes a particular person can make things when others can't. There Is the tale of the big manufacturer Now the magic begins. It starts with. sinlJle Cl'VSUI which was licensing a company in another country to of pure silicon.