ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. i. Jan Steen, The Doctor's Visit, ca. 1663 2 Fig. 2. MS. Ashmole 399, fol. 33r., late 13th c. 27

Fig. 3. MS. Ashmole 399, fol. 33V., late 13th c. 28

Fig. 4. MS. Ashmole 399, fol. 341:., late 13th c. 29

Fig. 5. MS. Ashmole 399, fol. 34V., late 13th c. 30

Fig. 6. MS. Ashmole 399, fol. 141-., late 13th c. 34

Fig. 7. Panel from the Altar of the Miracles of the Virgin Mary, ca. 1520 39

Fig. 8. Hendrick Hondius, after Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Pil-

grimage ofthe Epileptics to the Church at Molenbeek II, 1642, engraving 42

Fig. 9. Hendrick Hondius, after Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Pil-

grimage ofthe Epileptics to the Church at Molenbeek III, 1642, engraving 43 Fig. 10. L'infuence de la lune sur la tete des femmes, 17th c, from

Gustave Reynier, Lafemme au XVII' siecle, ses ennemis et ses defenseurs. Paris, 1921 55

Fig. 1 1. Adriaen Collaert after Maarten de Vos, Venus and Ado-

lescence, 1 58 1, engraving from The Seven Planets and Ages ofMan series 56 Fig. 12. Gerrit Dou, The Lacemaker, 1663 57 Fig. 13. Godfried Schalcken, Visit to the Doctor, 1669 63 Fig. 14. Franz van Mieris, The Doctor's Visit, 1657 64 ILLUSTRATION^

Fig. 15. Gestus M.. "Sollicite cogito," from John Bulwer. Chi- rologia: Or the Natural Language of the Hand. London, 1644 65

Fig. 16. Franz van Micris. The Doctor's Visit, ca. 1667 66

Fig. 17. Gabriel Metsu, Sick Lady and the Doctor, ca. 1665 67 Fig. 18. Gestus H. "Despero," from John Bulwer, Chirologia:

Or the Xatural Language of the Hand. London. 1644 68

Fig. 19. Samuel van Hoogstraten, The Anemic Lady, ca. 1670 69 Fig. 20. Gestus K, "Tristitia animi signo." from John Bulwcr. Chirologia: Or the Xatural Language ofthe Hand. London. 1644 70 Fig. 21. Cornelis van Kittensteyn. after Dirck Hals. Tactus (Touch), ca. 1630-63, engraving 72 Fig. 22. Jan Steen. The Sick Woman, ca. 1665-67 74 Fig. 23. Jacob Ochtervelt, Lovesick Maiden, ca. 1665-68 75

Fig. 24. Le hassin. 1 7th c. . from Eugen Hollander. Die Medizin in derklassischen Malerei. Stuttgart. 1950 78 Fig. 25. After Caspar Netscher. The Sick Lady with Her Physi-

cian, late 17th c. 80

Fig. 26. Cornelis de Man. Doctor's I 'isit. late 17th c. 83 Fig. 27. "Contentment in conceat," from Otto van Veen. Amo- rum emblemata. Antwerp. 1608 84 Fig. 28. Gestus B. "'Auxilium fero." fromjohn Bulwer. Chirolo-

gia: Or the Xatural Language of the Hand. London. 1644 85

Fig. 29. Bartholomeus van der Heist. Portrait oj Abraham del

Court and His Wife, Maria de Keerssegieter. 1 654 87 Fig. 30. Jan Steen. Doctor's Visit, ca. 1663-65 88 Fig. 31. Jan Steen. The Love Offering, ca. 1664-68 89 Fig. 32. Dirck Hals. Seated Woman with a Letter. 1633 95

Fig. 33. Dirck Hals. Woman Tearing Up a Letter, 163 1 96

Fig. 34. "It is good sayling before the wynd." from Otto van Veen, Amorum emblemata. Antwerp, 160S 97

Fig. 35. "Love never untroubled," from Otto van Veen. Amo- rum emblemata. Antwerp, 1608 97

Fig. 36. Jan Steen. Doctor's Visit, ca. 1668-70 99 Fig. 37. "Loves teares are his testimonies." from Otto van Veen, Amorum emblemata. Antwerp, 1608 102

Fig. 38. Jan Steen. The Doctor's Visit, a. 1663 104 ILLUSTRATIONS XI

Fig. 39. Jan Steen, The Way You Hear It Is the Way You Sing It, ca. 1663-65 105 Fig. 40. Pieter Aertsen, Christ and the Adulteress, 1559 107 Fig. 41. Jan Steen, The Drunken Couple, ca. 1668-72 108 Fig. 42. Jan Steen, The Lovesick Maiden, ca. 1661-63 no Fig. 43. Gerrit Dou, Dropsical Woman, 1663 114 Fig. 44. Gerrit Dou, Basin, Pitcher, and Cloth, wings for Dropsical Woman, 1663 115

Fig. 45. Gerrit Dou, Dropsical Woman (detail) 116 Fig. 46. Misericord carving, Church of Ste. Materne, ca. 1531. From Louis Maeterlinck, Le genre satirique, fantastique

et licencieux dans la sculpture flamande et wallone. Paris, 1910 118

Fig. 47. Uterus, from Hieronymus Fabricius, De formato foetu. Frankfurt am Main, 1624 119 Fig. 48. Uterus, from The workes of the Famous Chirurgion Am- brose Parey, translated out of Latine and compared with the French, by Tho. Johnson. London, 1678 120

Fig. 49. Liber Trotula, MS. 593, fol. 5V., I5thc. 122 Fig. 50. Jan Steen, Doctor's Visit, ca. 1663-65 123

Fig. 51. Jan van Eyck, Portrait of Giovanni (?) Arnolfini and Gio-

vanna Cenami (?) (Arnolfini Marriage Portrait), 1434 124 Fig. 52. Robert Campin, Triptych of the Annunciation (Merode Altarpiece), ca. 1430, center panel, The Annunciation 125

Fig. 53. Jacques Daret, Annunciation, 1434 126

Fig. 54. Abraham Bosse, Les viergesfolles, mid- 17th c. 129

Fig. 55. Gabriel Metsu, The Sick Woman, 1655-59 132

Fig. 56. Hannah Woolley, title page, The Accomplisht-Ladys De-

light. In Preserving, Physick, Beautifying and Cookery Lon- don, 1675 134

Fig. 57. Gerard ter Borch, Wool Spinner, ca. 1652-53 136 Fig. 58. Hendrick Sorgh, The Family of Eeuwout Prins, 1661 138

Fig. 59. "Perch'io stesso mi strinsi," from Daniel Heinsius, Em- blemata aliquo amatoria. Leiden, 1620 139 Fig. 60. "Gravissimu[m] imperiufm] consuetudinis," from De-

nis Lebey de Batilly, Dionysii Lebei Batillii: regii medioma- tricum praesidis emblemata. Frankfurt, 1596 140

Fig. 61. Willem van Mieris, Sick Woman, 1695 l 4 l Xll ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 62. Jacob Ochtervelt, The Faint, 1677 142 Fig. 63. Gotfried Schalckcn, Doctor's Visit, ca. 1660-70 144

Fig. 64. Jacob Ochtervelt, The Doctor's Visit, ca. 1680-82 148 Fig. 65. Jan Steen, Doctors Visit, ca. 1665 149 Fig. 66. Jan Steen, Doctor's Visit, ca. 1665 150 Fig. 67. Cornelis Dankcrtz, after Abraham Bosse, The Clyster.

ca. 1660 151 Fig. 68. Hadrianus Junius, "Hinc dolor: inde fuga, gravis," from Hadriani Iunii media emblemata. Antwerp, 1569 152

Fig. 69. After Eglon van der Neer, A Lady Fainting after Having

Been Bled, late 17th c. 155

Fig. 70. Jacob Toorenvliet. .4 Surgeon Bandaging His Patient's Ami after Bloodletting, 1666 156

Fig. 71. Matthijs Naiveu. .4 Physician Taking a Woman's Pulse

Whilst a Surgeon Bleeds Her Foot, late 1 7th c. 1 57 Fig. 72. Abraham Bosse, Bloodletting, mid- 17th c, from Eugen

Hollander, Die Medizin in der klassischen Malerei. Stutt- gart. 1950 158

Fig. 73. Gabriel Metsu. The Sick Woman, ca. 1650-60 160 Fig. "4. After Jan Steen. .4 Medical Practitioner Taking a Girl's

Pulse and Examining a Flask of Her Urine, late 17th c. 161

Fig. 75. "Love is loves phisition." from Otto van Veen. Amorum emblemata. Antwerp, 1608 162

Fig. 76. Jacob Ochtervelt. Doctor's Visit, ca. 1665 163

Fig. 77. Jacob Ochtervelt. The Gallant Drinker, ca. 1665 164 Fig. 78. Female genitalia, from Johann Drynander. Arzneispie- gel. Basel, 1547 165

Fig. 79. Antidotum melancholiae. title page. Frankfurt. 1670 173 _ Fig. 80. Artist unknown. Woman at the Clavichord. i thc. 180

Fig. 81. Johannes Vermeer. Lady at the Virginals with a Gentle-

man, ca. 1660-65 181 Fig. 82. Athanasius Kircher. Musurgia universalis. Rome. 1650 182

Fig. 83. "Pulsus undosus," from Samuel Hafenreffer. Monochor- don symbolico-biomanticum. Ulm. 1650 [83

Fig. 84. "Pulsus creber." from Samuel Hafenreffer. Monochordon symbolico-biomanticum. Ulm. 1650 183

Fig. 85. Exemple du poulx naturel regie, from Franqois-Nicolas

Marquet. Nouvelle methode facile el curieuse, pour connoitre

le pouls par les notes de la musique. Paris. 1 "69 1 84

v Fig. 86. Gerrit Dou, The Quack Doctor, 1652 i ILLUSTRATIONS Xlll

Fig- 87 "Love refuseth help," from Otto van Veen, Amorum em- blemata. Antwerp, 1608 192 Fig. 88 "Shewing causeth curing," from Otto van Veen, Amo- rum emblemata. Antwerp, 1608 193

Fig. 89 Albrecht Diirer. Melencolia I, 15 14 200 Fig. 90 Isaac Oliver, Edward Herbert, First Baron Herbert ofCher-

bur)', ca. 1610-15 201

Fig. 9i Pieter Codde, Melancholy, 1628-30 202

Fig. 92. Hie mulier: or, the man-woman . . . , title page. London, 1620 211

Fig- 93 Abraham Bosse, Man Beating a Woman, mid-i7th c. 213 Fig. 94 Antoine Watteau, The Shepherds, ca. 1716 228 Fig. 95 Jean-Honore Fragonard, The Swing, ca. 1768-69 232

Fig. 96 Whirling bed and whirling chair, from J. Guislain, Traite surl'alienation mentale. Amsterdam, 1826 235

Fig. 97- "Terminal State: Melancholia," from Desire Magloire Bourneville and Paul Regnard, Iconographie photogra-

phique de La Salpetriere, vol. 1. Paris, 1877 239 Fig. 98. Fainting woman, ca. 1920 242

Fig. 99- Marjory Collins, Symington-Gould, Sand Slinger Opera- tor at Rest. Buffalo, Xew York, May ig^j 244 Fig. 100 Playboy Bunny, 1964 245 Fig. IOI Advertisement for tranquilizers, American Journal of Psychiatry, December 1966 246