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Rasterhoff Dissertation.Pdf Cover design: Thijmen Galekop Cover image: The bookshop and lottery agency of Jan de Groot on the Kalverstraat in Amsterdam – Isaac Ouwater, 1779 (Rijksmuseum Amsterdam) The fabric of creativity in the Dutch Republic Painting and publishing as cultural industries, 1580-1800 Patronen van creativiteit in de Republiek Schilderkunst en uitgeverij als culturele industrieën, 1580-1800 (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het college van promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 5 september 2012 des middags te 2.30 uur door Clara Rasterhoff geboren op 1 december 1982 te Amsterdam Promotoren: Prof. dr. M.R. Prak Prof. dr. R.C. Kloosterman Table of contents 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Cultural production in the Golden Age ................................................................... 15 1.2 Historiography ............................................................................................................ 16 1.3 Cultural industries ...................................................................................................... 18 1.4 Spatial clusters and geographic embeddedness ..................................................... 21 1.5 Towards a more dynamic model of spatial clustering .......................................... 24 1.6 Research questions and methodology ...................................................................... 31 1.7 Outline of the thesis .................................................................................................... 39 2 Window of opportunity, 1580-1610 ............................................................................. 41 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 41 2.2 The Dutch Revolt, an external shock ........................................................................ 42 2.3 Promising factor conditions and a fallow market for books ................................. 45 2.4 New publishers, new markets ................................................................................... 48 2.5 New markets, new products ...................................................................................... 55 2.6 Firm structure and rivalry .......................................................................................... 63 2.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 72 3 Unlocking potential in the book industry, 1610-1660 ................................................ 75 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 75 3.2 Democratisation and differentiation of demand .................................................... 76 3.3 Book prices and paper supply ................................................................................... 80 3.4 Typography .................................................................................................................. 90 3.5 Copy production ......................................................................................................... 95 3.6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 100 4 Buzz and pipelines in the publishing business, 1610-1660 ..................................... 103 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 103 4.2 Local specialization, competition, and complementarity .................................... 104 4.3 Financial administration of book production and book trade ............................ 111 4.4 Guild regulations and the reproduction of skills and routines .......................... 115 4.5 Auctions and the reproduction of local competitiveness .................................... 120 4.6 Censorship and privileges ....................................................................................... 122 4.7 Local competition ...................................................................................................... 125 4.8 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 136 5 Publishers in search of new markets, 1660-1800 ...................................................... 139 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 139 5.2 Changing consumer patterns and the historians’ need for revolutions ............ 141 5.3 Internationalisation ................................................................................................... 146 5.4 Related and supporting industries ......................................................................... 152 5.5 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 163 6 Adaptations in the book trade, 1660-1800 ................................................................. 165 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 165 6.2 Infrastructure and distribution ................................................................................ 166 6.3 Financing .................................................................................................................... 172 6.4 Partnerships, mergers, and financial tricks ........................................................... 173 6.5 Guilds, from production to trade ............................................................................ 177 6.6 Skills and routines ..................................................................................................... 180 6.7 Competition ................................................................................................................ 182 6.8 Occupational differentiation and the rise of the small firm ................................ 191 6.9 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 192 7 A period of transition, 1580-1610 ................................................................................ 195 7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 195 7.2 Expansion of the art market ..................................................................................... 196 7.3 Spatial clustering and the impact of immigration ................................................ 199 7.4 Measuring artistic prominence ................................................................................ 206 7.5 Prominence in Dutch painting ................................................................................ 211 7.6 Styles, genres, and ties with related industries ..................................................... 216 7.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 220 8 A new growth dynamic, 1610-1650 ............................................................................ 221 8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 221 8.2 Golden Age painting ................................................................................................. 222 8.3 From large potential to real consumption ............................................................. 223 8.4 Artistic novelties of the 1610s and 1620s ................................................................ 225 8.5 From artistic novelties to product and process innovations ............................... 229 8.6 The invisible hand of supply and demand ............................................................ 231 8.7 Competition ................................................................................................................ 233 8.8 Quantity and quality ................................................................................................. 236 8.9 Specialisation and product variants ....................................................................... 240 8.10 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 241 9 Local buzz and inter-local pipelines, 1610-1650 ....................................................... 243 9.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 243 9.2 Geography of production ......................................................................................... 243 9.3 Critical mass, clusters, and path dependence ....................................................... 253 9.4 Spatial concentration and spinoffs .......................................................................... 255 9.5 Local schools of painting? ........................................................................................ 261 9.6 Market organisation .................................................................................................
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