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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR HUME HORAN Interviewed By: C

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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR HUME HORAN Interviewed By: C The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR HUME HORAN Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial Interview date: November 3, 2000 Copyright 2001 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Washington DC and abroad Family background Harvard University% Middle East Center U.S. Army - Germany Entered Foreign Service - 1,-. State Department - Foreign Service Institute 0FSI1 1,-. Baghdad Ira2 - Assistant Administrative Officer3GSO 1,-.-1,-2 U.S. USSR Relations 6uwait threat Beirut 8ebanon - FSI - Arabic 8anguage Training 1,-3-1,-4 Instruction Arabists Israel Baida 8ibya - Principle Officer 1,-4-1,-- Environment 6ing Idris Wheelus Air Force Base British University State Department - African Affairs - Personnel Officer 1,---1,-7 Assignments State Department - 8ibya Desk Officer 1,-7-1,-, Wheelus Air Force Base 1,-7 War 1 Oil Qadhafi coup Congressional Fellow 1,-,-1,7. Senator Muskie Congressman Bradford Morse Amman Jordan - Political Officer 1,7.-1,72 Security Ambassador Dean Brown Attacks on embassy 6ing Hussein Black September Golda Meir Syria-Jordan fight Jeddah Saudi Arabia - DCM 1,72-1,77 Saudi citizens Women Education Environment Palestinians External relations October 1,73 War Royal family JECOR U.S. interests Ambassador James Akins Faisal assassination Nixon visit 6issinger-Akins Senior Seminar 1,77-1,7A State Department - Consular Affairs - Assistant to Assistant Secretary 1,7A-1,A. Barbara Watson Jamestown tragedy Consular officers Cameroon - Ambassador 1,A.-1,A3 President Ahidjo U.S. interests French AID 2 Sudan - Ambassador 1,A3-1,A- 8ibya Nimieri Ethnic strife Relations Security Environment South Sudan Refugees Famine AID Ethiopian Jews Evacuation P8O Georgetown University - Diplomat in Residence 1,A--1,A7 Observations Saudi Arabia - Ambassador 1,A7-1,AA Prince Bandar U.S. interests Religion Royal family Economy 8abor Social structure Iran-Ira2 War Foreign relations George Shultz USMTM Missile sales Royal anger Georgetown University - Diplomat in Residence 1,AA-1,A, State Department - Special Assistant to Director General 1,A,-1,,1 Personnel matters Recruitment American Foreign Service Association 0AFSA1 - President 1,,1-1,,2 Ivory Coast - Ambassador 1,,2-1,,5 Houphouet Environment 3 Howard University - Diplomat in Residence 1,,5 FSI - African Studies Course 1,,--1,,A Retirement 1,,A 6orea - Foreign Affairs Professor 1,,A INTERVIEW Q: Today is the third of November, 2000. This is an interview with Ambassador Hume A. Horan. This is being done on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, and I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. Hume and I are old friends. Hume, let(s start at the beginning. Can you tell me when and where you were born and then we(ll tal) about your parents and your family and we will move on* HORANC Fine thank you Stu. I was born - I first saw the light of day - here in Washington DC at the Columbia Hospital for Women on August 13 1,34. The day corresponded with the birthday of my favorite uncle 8arry Hume. Q: In the year of the dog by the way. HORANC Des I am a dog. That is by the 6orean Eodiac. Q: I(m a dragon; my wife is a dog. According to all the Chinese restaurant things dragons and dogs should never marry. HORANC My wife 8ori Shoemaker is a tiger a Horangi. A 6orean friend said to me FAh yesG Tigers and dogs get along 2uite well. It is a happy correspondence.F Q: ,ell, anyway, let(s tal) about your parents, I mean about your family and all that. HORANC My mother was the daughter of an old Washington family very conservative sort of in a Thomas Mann sense. She was a rebel a rather dramatic unconventional flapper. Q: ,hat was her family name* HORANC Margaret Robinson Hume. Her mother was Sally Cox who married Charley Hume. MotherHs grandfather was a Cox who owned an estate in Washington named ITunlaw.J The name survives in the Glover Park street which it so happens is just two blocks from our house at Huidekoper Place. An earlier ancestor Colonel John Cox had been Mayor of Georgetown. Around the turn of the century Coxes and Humes were 4 numerous in Washington. Many repose in GeorgetownHs Oak Hill Cemetery. Mother however was of a different mold. She traveled to Paris as a young woman and from what family gossip has it had herself a wild wonderful time. On returning to Washington she 2uite shocked her family and friends by eloping in 1,23 with a Persian diplomat a young Third Secretary named Abdollah Entezam. Dou can imagine how such a marriage was received by the close-knit southern society of Washington DCG As one newspaper said FThe groom is a young man of great charm but with an olive complexion.F My wonderful grandmother however was and always remained very attached to Daddy. DaddyHs next assignment was to Tehran. He and Mother sailed from the U.S. to Marseilles went by train across Europe to the Caspian then took a ferry to Iran. Mother spent the next three years in Tehran. She loved the family and was loved in turn by them. She learned Persian was adventurous independent and traveled everywhere in Tehran via little horse-drawn Idroshkies.J She completely eschewed the American club - partly because her husband was not allowed to enter. After Tehran my parents had a number of foreign postings including Prague Warsaw and finally Bern. It was from Bern that Mother returned to the U.S. in 1,3, with me and my sister. Soon after her return to the U.S. she and my father were divorced. One often hears about the tribulations of western women who marry Muslims and in particular what these women sometimes endure at the hands of family and mothers-in-law. MotherHs case was altogether different. In later years when I visited the family in Tehran they were full of affectionate generosity and remembrances of Mother and criticized my father for having let his marriage fail. Q: Did she come bac) to have you* The Persian hospitals weren(t the greatest. HORANC Des. 8ife was extraordinary for a young American woman in Tehran in the 1,2.s. Mother told me how while traveling from Babolsar on the Caspian to Tehran we spent the night in a caravanserai. For days thereafter she worked to remove the fleas and lice from my hairG But back to my birthC my sister 8eyla was born in Paris. It was a difficult birth so when I got to be born Mother decided to come back to Washington to have me with better medical care. Q: ,hat was, where did your father(s family fit into the Persian society at that time* HORANC His was a family of some prominence under the 6ajar dynasty. His father Entezam Saltaneh had been governor of Tehran. In time Daddy became Foreign Minister Deputy Prime Minister then head of the National Iranian Oil Company. His brother Nasrollah Entezam was ambassador to Washington and Paris and President of the U.N. General Assembly back in the 1,5.s. Nasrollah died in a military hospital3prison after 6homeini took power in 1,7,. When the Shah fell Nasrollah was overseas. Friends warned him not to go back but he said JI have nothing to hide.J My father however was never bothered at all by the 6homeini regime. No scandal or impropriety was ever attached to his name (or to NasrollahHs either for that matterL. Helpful to my father were his close ties to the Sufi movement plus a reputation for total honesty and often 5 embarrassing frankness. While serving in Bern I was told my father had been something of a guardian for the young Crown Prince who was a student at 8e Rosey. In later years this relationship let my father speak more bluntly to the Shah than other members of the court would. One evening the Shah held an imperial soiree. The Shah wore his super- dress uniform - something like a mar2uee at a 8as Megas casino. He noticed my father was wearing a plain dark business suit. The Shah asked JEntezamG Where are your orders and decorationsNJ My father reliedC FDour Majesty I am too old for those sort of things.J As the monarchy was toppling the Shah asked Daddy to serve as Prime Minister (a sort of relief pitcher in a losing game in the bottom of the ,thL. He refused and retired to private life. When he died Sir Dennis Wright who had been British ambassador to Tehran wrote a touching obituary in the Times. He stressed that Abdollah Entezam was known as a man of extraordinary independence and total honesty throughout his life. I visited my father in Tehran after his retirement. His apartment was very modestC living room dining room kitchen and a single bedroom. HeHd been given a beautiful rug on retirement from the National Iranian Oil Company% he gave the rug to my sister. To me he said FI have got everything in the world I need here. I live on my pension.F When I think of the people of stature that I have met over the years in the Middle East there have not been many who died as poor as he. Q: .our mother and father divorced in 1939. So you would have been five years old. ,ere there any sort of memories of Persia or Swit0erland or anything* HORANC Mague memories of Switzerland. None of Persia. My sister remembers Persia much better. The divorce sort of flowed over my head without a ripple. First there was Daddy and later there was Pops another brilliant affectionate wonderful person.
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