Professional Digital Competence in Teacher Education
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
3URIHVVLRQDO'LJLWDO&RPSHWHQFHLQ 7HDFKHU(GXFDWLRQ $PL[HGPHWKRGVVWXG\RIWKHHPSKDVLVRQDQG LQWHJUDWLRQRI3URIHVVLRQDO'LJLWDO&RPSHWHQFHLQ 7HDFKHU(GXFDWLRQ3URJUDPPHVLQ1RUZD\ E\ (OHQ-RKDQQD,QVWHIMRUG 7KHVLVVXEPLWWHGLQIXOILOPHQWRI WKHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUGHJUHHRI 3+,/2623+,$('2&725 3K' )DFXOW\RI$UWVDQG(GXFDWLRQ 8QLYHUVLW\RI6WDYDQJHU 16WDYDQJHU 125:$< ZZZXLVQR (OHQ-RKDQQD,QVWHIMRUG ,6%1 ,661 3KG7KHVLV8L61R ³:RXOG \RX WHOO PH SOHDVH ZKLFK ZD\ , RXJKW WR JR IURP KHUH"´³7KDW GHSHQGVD JRRGGHDORQ ZKHUH \RX ZDQWWRJHWWR´VDLGWKH &DW ³,GRQ W PXFKFDUHZKHUH±³VDLG$OLFH³7KHQLWGRHVQ WPDWWHUZKLFKZD\\RXJR´ VDLGWKH&DW³VRORQJDV,JHWVRPHZKHUH´$OLFHDGGHGDVDQH[SODQDWLRQ ³2K\RX UHVXUHWRGRWKDW´VDLGWKH&DW³LI\RXRQO\ZDONORQJHQRXJK´ &DUUROOS L Acknowledgements 7KLV 3K'WKHVLV FRXOG QRW KDYH EHHQ ZULWWHQ ZLWKRXW WKH HQFRXUDJHPHQW JRRGZLOODQGVXSSRUWIURPDQXPEHURISHRSOHVXUURXQGLQJPH1RZWKDWP\ ZRUNZLWKWKLVWKHVLVKDVILQDOO\FRPHWRDQHQG\RXDOOGHVHUYHDELJWKDQN \RX , DP VR JUDWHIXO WR HDFK DQG HYHU\ RQH RI \RX IRU FKDOOHQJLQJ PH HQFRXUDJLQJPHDQGEHLQJWKHUHIRUPHHYHU\VWHSRIWKHZD\ )LUVW RI DOO , ZRXOG OLNH WR H[SUHVV P\ DSSUHFLDWLRQ WR P\ VXSHUYLVRU 3URIHVVRU(ODLQH0XQWKHIRUEHOLHYLQJLQPHHYHQZKHQ,GLGQRWEHOLHYHLQ P\VHOI 7KDQN \RX IRU \RXU HQGOHVV SDWLHQFH DQG VXSSRUW DQG IRU VKDULQJ VRPHRI\RXUZLVGRPZLWKPH<RXUFRQWULEXWLRQWRP\ZRUNLVSULFHOHVVDQG , FDQQRW WKDQN \RX HQRXJK , DOVR ZDQW WR H[SUHVV P\ JUDWLWXGH WR P\ FR VXSHUYLVRU3URIHVVRU0DJQH(VSHODQGIRUKHOSLQJPHILQGWKHULJKWZD\IRU P\ LQLWLDO LGHDV 7KDQN \RX IRU \RXU NQRZOHGJHDEOH DGYLFH DQG VXSSRUW WKURXJKRXWWKHHQWLUHSURFHVV )XUWKHUPRUH , ZRXOG OLNH WR WKDQN P\ FROOHDJXHV DW :HVWHUQ 1RUZD\ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI $SSOLHG 6FLHQFHV ZKR KDYH LQVSLUHGPH LQ VR PDQ\GLIIHUHQW ZD\V WR ILQLVK WKLV WKHVLV , DP IRUHYHU JUDWHIXO IRU \RXU KHOSIXOQHVV XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DQG VXSSRUW DQG IRU DOO WKH FRQVWUXFWLYH IHHGEDFN \RX KDYH JLYHQPHRYHUWKH\HDUV$VSHFLDOWKDQN\RXJRHVRXWWRP\FRZRUNHUVDW 2VDKDXJHQHVSHFLDOO\WR6YHLQ2YH/\VQHDQG-RVWHLQ7YHGWH<RXZHUHWKH RQHV ZKR LQVSLUHG PH IURP WKH YHU\ EHJLQQLQJ DQG , ZRXOG QRW KDYH EHHQ ZKHUH,DPWRGD\LILWKDGQRWEHHQIRUWKHWZRRI\RX7KDQN\RXIRUJLYLQJ PHUHVSRQVLELOLW\DQGFKDOOHQJHVWKDWKDYHFRQWULEXWHGWRVKDSLQJZKR ,DP WRGD\ DQG IRU EHLQJ WKH EHVW FROOHDJXHV PHQWRUV DQG IULHQGV , FRXOG HYHU KDYH$VSHFLDOWKDQN\RXDOVRJRHVRXWWR,QJXQQ)ODW¡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¡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len Johanna Instefjord LY Abstract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¶V GLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ PDVWHU\ DQG DSSURSULDWLRQ RI FXOWXUDO DUWHIDFWV 7KLV WKHRUHWLFDO IRXQGDWLRQ LV LQWHJUDWHG ZLWK WKHRULHV DQG UHVHDUFK RQ GLJLWDO FRPSHWHQFH 7KHPDLQUHVHDUFKTXHVWLRQIRUWKHWKHVLVLVHow do initial teacher education programmes in Norway attend to integration of technology and development of pre-service teachers’ professional digital competence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hich knowledge areas of digital competence are addressed in national and local curriculum documents, and how? $PRGHOLQVSLUHGE\WKHZRUNRI=KDR3XJK6KHOGRQDQG%\HUV DV ZHOODV.UXPVYLN DQG0LVKUDDQG.RHKOHU KDVEHHQGHYHORSHG DVDQDQDO\WLFDOIUDPHZRUN7HDFKHUV¶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¶ SURIHVVLRQDO FRPSHWHQFH 7KH UHVXOWV RI WKH DQDO\VLV DOVR UHYHDO WKDW SURJUDPPH GHVFULSWLRQV IURP WZR RI WKH WHDFKHU HGXFDWLRQ LQVWLWXWLRQV GLVWLQJXLVK WKHPVHOYHV IURP WKH RWKHUV UHSUHVHQWLQJ RSSRVLWH H[WUHPHV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WHFKQRORJ\ LQWHJUDWLRQ WKH ILUVW FRQWDLQLQJ QR H[DPSOHV RI WHFKQRORJ\ LQWHJUDWLRQ QRW HYHQ WKH IRUPXODWLRQV IRXQG LQ WKH QDWLRQDO FXUULFXOXP GRFXPHQWV DQG WKH VHFRQG UHSUHVHQWLQJ WKH RSSRVLWH HQG RIWKHVFDOHZLWK PXOWLSOH H[DPSOHV 7KLV PD\ LQGLFDWH WKDW WKHUH VWLOO DUH VXEVWDQWLDO GLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQLQVWLWXWLRQV LQWHUPV RIWHFKQRORJ\LQWHJUDWLRQDQGKRZ LQVWLWXWLRQV LQIOXHQFH SUHVHUYLFH WHDFKHUV WR XVH WHFKQRORJ\ 7KHVH LQVWLWXWLRQDOYDULDWLRQVPD\FRQWULEXWHWRSURYLGLQJSUHVHUYLFHWHDFKHUVZLWK GLIIHULQJOHYHOVRINQRZOHGJHRIWKHXVHRIWHFKQRORJ\LQHGXFDWLRQDQGWKXV HQKDQFH GLJLWDO GLYLGHV DPRQJ JUDGXDWHV 8OWLPDWHO\ WKLV PD\ LQ WXUQ FRQWULEXWHWRPDLQWDLQLQJORZOHYHOVRIWKHHGXFDWLRQDOXVHRI,&7LQVFKRROV %\ FODULI\LQJ WKH FRQWHQW RI WKH FRQFHSW ³WHDFKHUV¶ GLJLWDO FRPSHWHQFH´ WKH DUWLFOHDLPVWRFRQWULEXWHWRLQFUHDVLQJWHDFKHUHGXFDWRUV¶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¶ DQG SUHVHUYLFH WHDFKHUV¶ SHUFHSWLRQV DQG GHVFULSWLRQV RI GLJLWDO FRPSHWHQFH DQG KRZ WHFKQRORJ\ LV EHLQJ XVHG DQG DSSURSULDWHG E\ WHDFKHU HGXFDWRUV DQG SUHVHUYLFH WHDFKHUV 7KHDUWLFOHLV JXLGHG E\ WKH IROORZLQJ UHVHDUFK TXHVWLRQ What opportunities for appropriation of digital competence does teacher education offer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¶SURIHVVLRQDOGLGDFWLFFRPSHWHQFH