DOCSLIB.ORG

Final Feasibility and Cost Analysis Findings and Recommendations Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Final Feasibility and Cost Analysis Findings and Recommendations Report Final FEASIBILITY AND COST ANALYSIS FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION REPORT PARADOX VALLEY UNIT BYPRODUCTS DISPOSAL STUDY Submitted to: Wastren Advantage, Inc. 1571 Shyville Road Piketon, Ohio 45661 Submitted by: Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. San Diego, California January 2017 Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 1655500023 ©2016 Amec Foster Wheeler. All Rights Reserved. January 2017 Dave Sablosky Wastren Advantage, Inc. 1571 Shyville Road Piketon, Ohio 45661 Re: Final Feasibility, Cost Analysis, Findings, and Recommendation Report for Paradox Valley Unit Byproducts Disposal Study Dear Dave: The report included here satisfies the deliverable for the Paradox Valley Unit Evaporation Ponds Study 3: Final Feasibility, Cost Analysis, Findings, and Recommendations for Byproducts Disposal Report. As agreed with you and with Reclamation, this is a single combined report for the Byproducts Disposal Study that includes all elements anticipated from the Feasibility and Cost Analysis study, and the Findings and Recommendations report. This is a final version including all the information collected for Study 3 combined into a single report. It also includes the responses to the final comment matrix submitted by Reclamation. If you have any questions or concerns regarding this report, please contact Carla Scheidlinger at 858-300-4311 or by email at [email protected]. Respectfully submitted, Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. Carla Scheidlinger Project Manager Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. 9210 Sky Park Court, Suite 200 San Diego, California Tel: (858) 300-4300 Fax: (858) 300-4301 www.amecfw.com Wastren Advantage, Inc. Final Combined Findings and Recommendation Report Paradox Valley Unit Byproducts Disposal Study Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 1655500023 January 2017 This page intentionally left blank Wastren Advantage, Inc. Final Combined Findings and Recommendation Report Paradox Valley Unit Byproducts Disposal Study Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 1655500023 January 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... v 1.0 BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Statement of Problem ......................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Location .............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 Organization of Report ....................................................................................... 1-2 2.0 POND SERIES CONCEPT ............................................................................................ 2-1 3.0 ASSUMPTIONS .............................................................................................................3 -1 3.1 Inputs and Pond Sizes ....................................................................................... 3-1 4.0 BYPRODUCTS ..............................................................................................................4 -1 4.1 Evaporation Tests .............................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Procedure ............................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Brine Results .......................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.3 Laboratory Salt Results .......................................................................... 4-3 4.2 Potential End Products ....................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.1 Food Grade Salt ..................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.2 Processed Salt ....................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.3 Chlor-alkali Salt ...................................................................................... 4-5 4.2.4 Deicing Salt ............................................................................................ 4-5 4.3 Bitterns ............................................................................................................... 4-6 5.0 DETERMINATION OF PRODUCT QUANTITIES AND QUALITIES .............................. 5-1 6.0 QUANTITY OF END PRODUCTS ................................................................................. 6-1 6.1 Solid Halite Salt .................................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Bittern ................................................................................................................. 6-1 7.0 MARKETABILITY ...........................................................................................................7 -1 7.1 Food Grade, Processed, and Chlor-alkali Salt ................................................... 7-1 7.2 De-icing Salt ....................................................................................................... 7-1 7.3 Bittern ................................................................................................................. 7-1 7.3.1 Metal production ..................................................................................... 7-1 7.3.2 Road Dust Control and De-icing ............................................................. 7-1 8.0 END USERS ..................................................................................................................8 -1 9.0 POTENTIAL DIRECT BUYERS ..................................................................................... 9-1 10.0 TRANSPORT OF SALT PRODUCTS .......................................................................... 10-1 10.1 Harvesting and Loading Considerations for Solid Salt ..................................... 10-1 10.2 Harvesting and Loading Considerations for Bittern (MgCl2 Liquid) .................. 10-2 11.0 PRICE OF SALT PRODUCTS ..................................................................................... 11-1 11.1 Solid Salt for Road Deicing .............................................................................. 11-1 11.2 Liquid Bittern Salt ............................................................................................. 11-1 11.3 Sale and Disposal Options ............................................................................... 11-2 12.0 STORAGE OF SOLID SALT ........................................................................................ 12-1 12.1 Type of Waste .................................................................................................. 12-1 12.1.1 Evaporation Ponds ............................................................................... 12-1 12.1.2 Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Solid Salt Products ........................................................................................................... 12-1 12.2 Methods and Issues for Handling ..................................................................... 12-1 Page i Wastren Advantage, Inc. Final Combined Findings and Recommendation Report Paradox Valley Unit Byproducts Disposal Study Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 1655500023 January 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page 12.3 Disposal Sites ................................................................................................... 12-2 12.3.1 Broad Canyon Landfill .......................................................................... 12-2 12.3.2 Reams Construction 80 Ponds Landfill ................................................ 12-3 12.4 Independent Salt Storage Facility Associated with the Ponds ......................... 12-3 12.4.1 Permitting Issues .................................................................................. 12-3 12.4.2 Application Submission Process .......................................................... 12-5 12.4.3 Application Content .............................................................................. 12-6 12.4.4 Financial Assurance ............................................................................. 12-7 12.4.5 Siting Approval ..................................................................................... 12-7 12.4.6 Application Fees ................................................................................... 12-7 12.4.7 Additional Fees ..................................................................................... 12-7 12.4.8 Post-Closure fees ................................................................................. 12-8 12.5 Storage of Bittern Salts .................................................................................... 12-8 12.5.1 Construction Cost Estimates ................................................................ 12-9 12.5.2 Management of Disposal Facility .......................................................... 12-9 13.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................ 13-1 13.1 Salt products anticipated .................................................................................. 13-1 13.1.1 Finding .................................................................................................. 13-1 13.1.2 Recommendation ................................................................................. 13-1 13.2 Marketability ....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sodium Chloride Or Rock Salt | Peters Chemical Company
    MSDS Sheet – Sodium Chloride or Rock Salt | Peters Chemical Company Call Now - 1-973-427-8844 Home Contact Us Deicers Airport Runway Deicers Deicing Articles Lime & Limestone Misc. Print This Page MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Product Name: Sodium Chloride – Rock Salt – Halite EPA Reg. No: N/A 1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION Product Name: Sodium Chloride – Rock Salt UN/MA#: N/A DOT Hazard Class: N/A 2. INGREDIENTS & RECOMMENDED OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS TLV See Addendum 1 10 MG/M3 as nuisance dust. 3. PHYSICAL DATA Density: 40 – 70 lb/ft Boiling Point: N/A dry solid Melting Point: Partially decomposes at 12o F Vapor Pressure: N/A Vapor Density: N/A pH: 6-8 Solubility in Water: 100% Evaporation Rate: N/A Appearance and Odor: White Crystals and mild aromatic odor 4. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flash Point: N/A Flammable Limits: N/A Fire Extinguishing Media: Considered non-combustible. Dry chemical. Foam, CO2, Water, Spray or Fog. Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Use self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Fight fire from upwind side. Avoid run-off. Keep non-essential personnel away from immediate fire area, and out of any fall-out or run-off areas. Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: None 5. REACTIVITY DATA Stability: Stable Incompatibility: None Hazardous Decomposition or By-Products: None Conditions to Avoid: None Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur http://www.peterschemical.com/sodium-chloride/msds-sheet-sodium-chloride-or-rock-salt/[1/8/2014 2:35:52 PM] MSDS Sheet – Sodium Chloride or Rock Salt | Peters Chemical Company 6. SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES Steps to be taken in case material is released: In case of release to the environment, report spills to the National Response Center 1-800-424-8802.
    [Show full text]
  • SPR-691: Development of ADOT Application Rate Guidelines For
    e SPR 691 OCTOBER 2015 Development of ADOT Application Rate Guidelines for Winter Storm Management of Chemical Additives through an Ambient Monitoring System Arizona Department of Transportation Research Center Development of ADOT Application Rate Guidelines for Winter Storm Management of Chemical Additives through an Ambient Monitoring System SPR‐691 October 2015 Prepared by: Ed Latimer, Richard Bansberg, Scott Hershberger, Theresa Price, Don Thorstenson, and Phil Ryder AMEC Environmental & Infrastructure 4600 E. Washington St., Suite 600 Phoenix, AZ 85034 Published by: Arizona Department of Transportation 206 S. 17th Ave. Phoenix, AZ 85007 In cooperation with U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Disclaimer This report was funded in part through grants from the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data, and for the use or adaptation of previously published material, presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Arizona Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Trade or manufacturers’ names that may appear herein are cited only because they are considered essential to the objectives of the report. The U.S. government and the State of Arizona do not endorse products or manufacturers. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA‐AZ‐15‐691 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Development of ADOT Application Rate Guidelines for Winter Storm October 2015 Management of Chemical Additives through an Ambient Monitoring 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Management Plan Salt Mining
    Gecko Salt (Pty) Ltd –Environmental Management Plan for Mile 68 Salt Pan, Erongo Region, Namibia – November 2020 Environmental Management Plan Salt Mining - Mile 68 Salt Pan November 2020 Gecko Salt (Pty) Ltd –Environmental Management Plan for Mile 68 Salt Pan, Erongo Region, Namibia – November 2020 Author Philip Hooks Version 01 Reviewer Werner Petrick Date 04.11.2020 Reference Hooks, P., 2020. Environmental Management Plan for Mining Salt at Mile 68 Salt Pan. Assessed for Gecko Salt (Pty) Ltd. Gecko Salt (Pty) Ltd –Environmental Management Plan for Mile 68 Salt Pan, Erongo Region, Namibia – November 2020 ABREVIATIONS DWA Department of Water Affairs EA Environmental Audit EAP Environmental Assessment Practitioner ED Environmental Control Officer ECP Environmental Control Procedure EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ERP Emergency Response Plan MEFT Ministry of Environment, Forestry & Tourism ML Mining License MME Ministry of Mines & Energy MSDS Materials Safety Data Sheet PM Project Manager RA Roads Authority Gecko Salt (Pty) Ltd –Environmental Management Plan for Mile 68 Salt Pan, Erongo Region, Namibia – November 2020 1. Introduction 1.1 Project background Gecko Salt (Pty) Ltd (Gecko) plans to develop a solar salt production facility at the Mile 68 salt pan. The saline pan lies within the Dorob National Park along the central coastline north of the town of Henties Bay. Gecko was granted an exploration licence (EPL4426) over this pan and its surrounding in 2015. The company intends to apply for a mining licence over the area for producing salt on the saline pan. The envisaged development includes a 13-kilometre-long brine pipeline from Gecko’s Mining Licence at Cape Cross (ML210) to the future solar salt production facility at Mile 68.
    [Show full text]
  • Road Salt and Water Quality Fact Sheet WMB-4
    WMB-4 2021 Road Salt and Water Quality Snowfall in New Hampshire and the necessity to travel on roads require winter snow and ice management by the state, municipalities and the private sector. Deicing materials are often used in order to keep the public safe during these winter weather events. The most commonly used de-icing chemical is sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as road salt. Road salt is readily available, and it is easy to handle, store and spread. Its purpose is to reduce the adherence of snow and ice to the pavement, preventing the formation of hard pack. Once hard pack forms, it is difficult to remove by plowing alone. In the United States from 2005-2009 an average of 23 million tons of salt were applied to our roads, parking lots, sidewalks and driveways each year.1 Studies have shown that, in urbanized areas, about 95% of the chloride inputs to a watershed are from road and parking lot deicing. In four chloride impaired watersheds in the southern I-93 corridor of New Hampshire, road salt sources were 10% to 15% from state roads, 30% to 35% from municipal roads, and 45% to 50% from private roads and parking lots. How Salt Works Pounds of Ice Melted per Pound of Salt The first step in melting ice is to lower its freezing point. This is done through the formation of brine where salt 50 crystals pull water molecules out of ice formation. Once 40 the brine is formed, melting is greatly accelerated. The rate 30 at which melting occurs is dependent on the temperature.
    [Show full text]
  • Exotic Salts
    Guide #1 - Exotic Salts Exotic Salts typically refer to naturally occurring mineral salts or Himalayan Pink Mineral Salt salts collected from bodies of water through evaporation. The Himalayan It’s one of the purest salts available on earth. Mined from deep in the Pink Salt is an example of mineral salt, while Fleur de Sel is an example Himalayan Mountains, this salt crystallized more than 200 million years of evaporated salt. Mineral salts are actually a type of sedimentary rock, ago and remains protected from modern-day pollution. It contains more than 84 trace minerals with none of the additives or aluminum com- and are mined. They often have high mineral content, and a unique set pounds found in refined salts. Uses: Grilling or roasting meat, fish or of flavors. Salts collected from bodies of water are done so through the chicken, and the coarse grain size can be used with a salt grinder. evaporation of rivers, oceans, ponds, etc. The flavor, texture, color, etc. of these salts will differ depending on the water type, the region where the Hawaiian Black Sea Salt water is collected, the time of year, and the evaporation process used. Characterized by a stunning black color and silky texture. Solar evapo- rated Pacific sea salt is combined with activated charcoal. The charcoal Alaea Hawaiian Sea Salt compliments the natural salt flavor and adds numerous health benefits. Harvested reddish Hawaiian clay enriches the salt with Iron Oxide. Savor Uses: Finishing, salads, meats, and seafood. a unique and pleasant flavor while roasting or grilling meats. It is the traditional and authentic seasoning for native Hawaiian dishes such as Kala Namak Indian Black Mineral Salt Kailua Pig, Hawaiian Jerky and Poke.
    [Show full text]
  • A Grain of Salt
    Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU The Kemp Foundation's Teaching Honorees for Teaching Excellence Excellence Award Ceremony 7-27-2020 A Grain of Salt Timothy Rettich Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/teaching_excellence Part of the Higher Education Commons Recommended Citation Rettich, Timothy, "A Grain of Salt" (2020). Honorees for Teaching Excellence. 53. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/teaching_excellence/53 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Kemp Award Address 2020 Timothy Rettich “A Grain of Salt” April 8! The theme of this talk was written with this date for Honors Convocation in mind. It was intended to be not only timely, but also somewhat light-hearted. The times have changed, but I decided to keep the same talk, thinking that light-heartedness, like toilet paper, is now in short supply. But by keeping the same talk you will note some anachronisms. Those of you playing along at home can keep track of how many temporal mistakes I make.
    [Show full text]
  • Decarbonisation Options for the Dutch Salt Industry
    DECARBONISATION OPTIONS FOR THE DUTCH SALT INDUSTRY E.L.J. Scherpbier, H.C. Eerens 31 March 2021 Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network Decarbonisation options for the Dutch salt industry © PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; © TNO The Hague, 2021 PBL publication number: 3477 TNO project no. 060.33956 / TNO publication no. TNO 2021 P11186 Authors E.L.J. Scherpbier and H.C. Eerens Acknowledgements Prof.dr.ir. C.A. Ramirez Ramirez (Delft University of Technology) Dr.ir. J.H. Kwakkel (Delft University of Technology) J.R. Ybema (Nouryon Specialty Chemicals) Prof.dr.ir. S.A Klein (Nouryon Specialty Chemicals) Helen Roesink (Nedmag) MIDDEN project coordination and responsibility The MIDDEN project (Manufacturing Industry Decarbonisation Data Exchange Network) was initiated and is also coordinated and funded by PBL and TNO EnergieTransitie. The project aims to support industry, policymakers, analysts, and the energy sector in their common efforts to achieve deep decarbonisation. Correspondence regarding the project may be addressed to: D. van Dam (PBL), [email protected], or S. Gamboa Palacios (TNO), [email protected]. Erratum An earlier version of this report was published in 2019, but contained errors in relation to the description of the magnesium salt production. This version also includes a number of minor updates. This publication is a joint publication by PBL and TNO and can be downloaded from: www.pbl.nl/en. Parts of this publication may be reproduced, providing the source is stated, in the form: E.L.J. Scherpbier and H.C. Eerens (2021), Decarbonisation options for the Dutch salt industry. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and TNO, The Hague.
    [Show full text]
  • 1A Trobada Internacional D'arqueologia Envers L'explotació
    Alfons Fíguls – Olivier Weller (Editors) 1a Trobada internacional d'arqueologia envers l'explotació de la sal a la prehistòria i protohistòria Cardona,Alfons Fíguls6, 7 i 8– deOlivier desembre Weller del (Editors) 2003 1a Trobada internacional d'arqueologia envers l'explotació de la sal a la prehistòria i protohistòria Cardona, 6, 7 i 8 de desembre del 2003 Alfons Fíguls i Alonso – Olivier Weller (Editors) 1a Trobada internacional d'arqueologia envers l'explotació de la sal a la prehistòria i protohistòria Cardona, 6-8 de desembre del 2003 www.saltmeeting.ajcardona.info [email protected] 3 Alfons Fíguls – Olivier Weller (Editors) 1a Trobada internacional d'arqueologia envers l'explotació de la sal a la prehistòria i protohistòria Cardona,Alfons Fíguls 6, 7 –i 8Olivier de desembre Weller (Editors) del 2003 1a Trobada internacional d'arqueologia envers l'explotació de la sal a la prehistòria i protohistòria Cardona, 6, 7 i 8 de desembre del 2003 Alfons Fíguls i Alonso i Olivier Weller (Editors) 1a Trobada internacional d'arqueologia envers l'explotació de la sal a la prehistòria i protohistòria Cardona, 6-8 de desembre del 2003 Archæologia Cardonensis I Institut de recerques envers la Cultura (IREC) www.saltmeeting.ajcardona.info [email protected] Director de la col·lecció Archaeologia Cardonensis: Alfons Fíguls i Alonso Comissió històrica assessora: Rosa M. Lanaspa i Cuadrench, Agustín Fuentes Martínez i Alfons Fíguls i Alonso Col·laboradors: Jorge Bonache Albacete, Joan González Huertas i M. Dolores Bonache Alabecte Assessora lingüística: Loreto Serena i Davins Són prohibides, sense autorització escrita dels editors, la reproducció total o parcial d’aquesta obra per a qualsevol procediment, incloent-hi la reprografia i el tractament informàtic.
    [Show full text]
  • Property Auction Catalogue This Sale Will Be a Live Online Only Auction, Pre-Registration Is Required
    Monday 7th September 2020 6.30pm start Property auction catalogue This sale will be a live online only auction, pre-registration is required. Property auctions The Moat House Hotel, Stoke-on-Trent, ST1 5BQ Auction Dates Closing Date For Entries 20th April 13th March 1st June 24th April 13th July 5th June 7th September 24th July 5th October 28th August 9th November 25th September 7th December 30th October All auctions start at 6.30pm Freehold & Leasehold Lots offered in conjunction with... 02 View property auction results at buttersjohnbee.com The region’s number 1 property auctioneer John Hand Donna Fern Rob Oulton Auction Manager Auction Negotiator Auctioneer Here at butters john bee we have over 150 years’ experience of selling property at auction. Welcome aboard our next auction catalogue, once again as is becoming the norm it will be an ONLINE ONLY SALE. We are doing our utmost to keep things on track, and we had a great deal of success with our July sale. We have always offered remote bidding at all our auctions, and I’m pleased to say that we are now working in partnership with EIG (Essential Information Group) who will be hosting our live sale as well as the Legal Pack page, streamlining the service we are able to offer and making it much easier for you to register to bid. This sale will run in exactly the same format Our next scheduled sale is 5th October, as as usual, as in we will have our auctioneer of yet we are still unsure if this will be online on the podium offering each Lot in turn, but or we can have live sale (obviously with there will be no live audience just internet some measures put in place) we will update bidders, people on the phone and no doubt you as soon as we can get confirmation some proxy bids.
    [Show full text]
  • Resource Pack
    Resource Pack Quarry Bank By Jessica Owens Introduction Quarry Bank is the most complete and least altered factory colony of the Industrial Revolution. It is a site of international importance. The Industrial Revolution of the late 18th century transformed Britain and helped create our modern world. Quarry Bank Mill, founded in 1784 by a young textile merchant, Samuel Greg, was one of the first generation of water-powered cotton spinning mills and thus at the forefront of this revolution. Today, the site remains open as a thriving, living museum, and is a fundamentally important site for educational groups looking to study the Industrial Revolution. This book has been designed as a comprehensive resource for students studying the site. As such, the book has been split into the following seven sections - however, we would encourage you to read through all the sources first, as many can be used to support various lines of investigation. Section 1 Life Pre-Industrial Revolution in Styal Section 2 Why was the Mill built here? Section 3 Life for the Apprentices Section 4 Life for the Workers Section 5 Were the Gregs good employers? Section 6 Typicality of the site Section 7 The development of power at the Mill A note on the National Trust The National Trust is a registered charity, independent of the government. It was founded in 1895 to preserve places, for ever, for everyone. For places: We stand for beautiful and historic places. We look after a breathtaking number and variety of them - each distinctive, memorable and special to people for different reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Saltworks of Salins-Les-Bains Grassias, I., Ph
    Literature consulted (selection): Great Saltworks of Salins-les-Bains Grassias, I., Ph. Markarian, & P. Petrequin, O. Weller, De pierre et de sel. Les salines de Salins-les-Bains, Salins-les-Bains, Musée (France) des techniques et cultures comtoises, 2006. Technical Evaluation Mission: 3–6 September 2008. No 203bis Additional information requested and received from the State Party: A letter was sent to the State Party on 10 December 2008 requesting the State Party to: Official name as proposed – Review the buffer zone for Arc-et-Senans and include by the State Party: From the Great Saltworks of the brine pipeline; Salins-les-Bains to the Royal – Provide assurances regarding the adoption of the Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans, the production of open-pan management plan and the implementation of the joint management structure for the two sites; and salt – Review the urban development of Salins-les-Bains in Location: Franche-Comté Region, the immediate vicinity of the Saltworks and the Doubs and Jura historical enclosure with the visual impact of the Département, casino. France The State Party sent a reply (80 pages) dated 27 February Brief description: 2009. An analysis of this documentation is included in this evaluation. The Great Saltworks of Salins-les-Bains have exploited the brine extracted from the considerable underground deposits Date of ICOMOS approval of this report: 10 March 2009. since the Middle Ages and, in all likelihood, since before that. It is one of the rarer testimonies to the production of open-pan salt (crystallization by heating), with its 2. THE PROPERTY underground and above-ground buildings and technical facilities still in place.
    [Show full text]
  • Revised Chapter 8, Winter Operations and Salt, Sand and Chemical Management, of the Final Report on NCHRP 25-25(04)
    Revised Chapter 8, Winter Operations and Salt, Sand and Chemical Management, of the Final Report on NCHRP 25-25(04) Requested by: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standing Committee on Highways TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRIVILEGED DOCUMENT This report, not released for publication, is furnished only for review to members of or participants in the work of the CRP. This report is to be regarded as fully privileged, and dissemination of the information included herein must be approved by the CRP. Prepared by Laura Fay, Michelle Akin, Xianming Shi, and David Veneziano Of the Western Transportation Institute Montana State University (Revised, April 2, 2013) The information contained in this report was prepared as part of NCHRP Project 20-07, Task 318, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board. Acknowledgements This study was requested by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and conducted as part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 20-07. The NCHRP is supported by annual voluntary contributions from the state Departments of Transportation. Project 20-07 provides funding for quick response studies on behalf of the AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. The report was prepared by Laura Fay of the Western Transportation Institute at Montana State University. The work was guided by a task group which included Caleb Dobbins, New Hampshire DOT; William H. Hoffman, Nevada DOT; Steven M. Lund, Minnesota DOT; Debra A. Nelson, New York State DOT; Wilfrid Nixon, University of Iowa; Max S. Perchanok, Ontario Ministry of Transportation; Gabriel Guevara, FHWA; Leland D.
    [Show full text]