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L/5291 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON 15 March 1982 TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution Original: English

ACCESSION OF Supplementary Memorandum on Foreign Trade Régime

The following communicationdated 8 March 1982, has been received from the Permanent Mission of Thailand.

With reference to the decision of the GATT Council at its meeting on 22 February 1982 to set up a Working Party to examine the application of the to accede to the General Agreement, I have the honour to transmit herewith a Supplementary Memorandum on the Foreign Trade Regime of Thailand for the consideration of members of the Working Party and other interested contracting parties. The Supplementary Memorandum contains information updating and adding to that in the earlier Memorandum on the Foreign Trade Régime of Thailand distributed in document L/4803. L/5291 Page 2

SUPPLEMENTARY MEMORANDUM ON THE FOREIGN TRADE REGIME OF THAILAND 1. The is oriented towards external trade to a large and growing extent. In 1980, imports (c.i.f.) were equivalent to 28 per cent of GDP and exports (f.o.b.) to 20 per cent. Thailand operates an open trade regime on the basis of the most-favoured-nation principle. Tariffs, mostly at low or moderate rates, are the main instrument of protection; import and export controls apply to a few products only. The exchange system is free of restrictions on current international transactions. Import and export trade is almost entirely conducted by the private sector in Thailand. Developments in Thailand's trade and payments 2. Thailand's foreign trade has continued So expand rapidly. The value of merchandise trade (imports plus exports), which had been US$2.1 billion in 1971, increased from US$8.0 billion in 1977 to US$15.5 billion in 1980. The persistent trade deficit that Thailand has experienced during the past decade has grown substantially in recent years to reach US$2.68 billion in 1980. While this has to a small extent been offset by an increasing surplus on services and transfers, the current account deficit in 1980 amounted to nearly 8 per cent of GDP. The expanding current external deficit reflects primarily a faster growth of imports than of exports and a deterioration in Thailand's terms of trade. Deficits have been largely financed by inflows of private and official capital. The debt service ratio in 1980 was 15.4 per cent (public sector debt, 5.4 per cent; private sector debt, 10.0 per cent). Tables I and XV in the Annex contain details of the evolution of Thailand's payments position. 3. Exports. The total value of Thailand's merchandise exports in 1980 was US$6.4 billion, up from $4.0 billion in 1978 and $839 million in 1971 (Annex Table I). The largest part of Thailand's exports continue to be primary commodities, many of them agricultural. The main export commodities in 1980 were (in order of importance): rice, tapioca products, rubber, tin, maize and sugar. Between them these commodities accounted for some 46 per cent of Thailand's exports. Other significant raw and processed primary commodity exports include shrimps, , mung beans and canned fruit. Further details of developments concerning Thailand's exports of these items can be found in Annex Tables V to XIII. 4. The structure of Thailand's exports has changed considerably in the past decade. Until 1970, primary commodities made up some 85 per cent of merchandise exports. By 1980, their share had fallen to 70 per cent, while that of manufactured goods had risen to nearly 26 per cent. Nevertheless, the continued dependence of Thailand on the export of foodstuffs and industrial raw materials leaves her still particularly vulnerable to developments in economic activities abroad. Moreover, for certain products, both primary and manufactured, Thailand has faced problems of market access in a number of overseas markets. L/5291 Page 3

5. As regards Thailand's trading partners, continues to be Thailand's largest single customer, although the share of exports going to that market has fallen since the mid-1970s. Other major markets include certain EEC member States, such as the and the Federal Republic of , the , ASEAN countries and (see Annex Table II for details). 6. Imports, Imports have grown in recent years more rapidly than have exports, to reach US$9.1 billion in 1980, a figure seven times greater than that recorded in 1971. Rates of growth in the value of merchandise imports and exports were respectively 34 per cent and 30 per cent in 1979, and 29 per cent and 23 per cent in 1980. Notable among changes in the composition of imports in the last decade has been an increase in the share of from some 10 per cent to about 30 per cent. Among non- imports, the proportions accounted for by consumer goods, intermediate products and raw materials, and capital goods have remained fairly stable (see Annex Tables III and IV). 7. Changes in the direction of Thailand's imports over the last decade include an increase in the importance of imports from other ASEAN countries and certain oil-exporting countries and a decline in the share from Japan, which nonetheless remains Thailand's largest singlesource of imports, supplying over one fifth. Other major suppliers include the European Community and the United States. (Annex Table II) 8. Terms of trade. As is shown in Table XIV oftheAnnex, Thailand's terms of trade have deteriorated steadily since 1973. By 1980 they had fallen to 86.40 compared to 133.62 in 1973 (1975 = 100). Bark of Thailand calculations indicate that the terms of trade showed a further marked decline in 1981, falling to 72.88 by June of that year. Fifth National Economic and Social Development Plan 9. One of the major concerns of the Fifth National Economic and Social Development Plan (1982-1986) is to rectify Thailand's persistent and growing balance-of-payments deficit. To this end, the Plan aims to reduce dependence on imported energy and improve the efficiency and competitiveness of export-oriented activities. Measures being proposed in this connexion include the adjustment of fiscal and monetary policies to provide more incentives to exporters, including in such areas as export taxes, producer prices, tax and tariff rebates, the intensification of export promotion activities, the simplification and easing of regulatory constraints, and the establish- ment of new institutions such as an Export Training Centre and Credit Guarantee Corporation as well as the setting up of export processing zones. L/5291 Page 4

10. As regards imports the Plan provides for greater reliance on fiscal and monetary measures to curb their growth when necessary; direct import controls are to be avoided unless the country's external financial stability is threatened. The Plan provides for policies to adjust the structure of certain industries to increase efficiency by reducing unduly high tariff protection. Measures are also being taken in the area of energy pricing, conservation and development. 11. By means of the instruments outlined above, the Plan aims to increase the value of Thailand's exports at an annual average of 22 per cent; the corresponding target for imports has been set at 17 per cent. Import and export controls 12. Generally, there are no restrictions on imports or exports. However, under the Export and Import Act B.E. 2522 (1979), the Ministry of Commerce may prescribe goods as subject to import or export controls. In addition, under the Promotion Act B.E. 2520 (1977), imports of a good being produced by a promoted industry may be banned in cases where the Board of Investment is of the view that other forms of protection are not sufficient to assist the establishment of the industry in question.

13. A list of the forty-eight items presently subject to import controls can be found in Annex I of the Questions and Replies. These controls are estimated to affect about 1 per cent of the value of Thailand's total imports and less than 6 per cent of the tariff lines in Thailand's Tariff Schedule.

14. Imports of tea continue to be subject to a requirement that importers purchase a proportionate quantity (60 per cent for leaf tea and 50 per cent for tea dust) from the Government Warehouse Organization of tea produced in Thailand. The earlier requirement of this nature in respect of coffee has been lifted. Tobacco leaf may only be imported by the Thailand Tobacco Monopoly. 15. Export controls currently apply to fifty-one items; a listing can be found in Annex II of the Questions and Replies. 16. The administration of import and export restrictions is based on the principle of non-discrimination. Information on regulations is contained in Notices issued by the relevant Government authorities, and in most cases published in the Government Gazette. Trading arrangements 17. In order to promote close bilateral economic and commercial relations on the basis of equality and mutual benefits, Thailand has entered into bilateral trade agreements with a number of other countries. These agreements provide L/5291 Page 5 for the reciprocal granting of most-favoured-nation treatment. To date, Thailand has twenty-four trade agreements in force with the following countries: , Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile,. People's Republic of , Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, , India, Iran, Japan, People's Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea, Laos, , Romaniao Senegal, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United States of America, Socialist Republic of Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia. 18. In addition to the mutual granting of most-favoured-nation treatment, these trade agreements stipulate that payments are to be effected in freely convertible currencies. They also generally include provisions for the participation in and/or organization of trade fairs and commercial exhibitions in partner countries, and for the creation of joint trade commissions to initiate, promote and review co-operation activities. The agreements do not establish any import commitments. 19. Thailand is a member of two international commodity agreements, namely, the International Sugar Agreement and the International Coffee Agreement. The International Tin Agreement and the International Natural Rubber Agreement have been signed but not yet ratified by the Thai Government. Thailand has also been a signatory to the Arrangement Regarding International Trade in . 20. Thailand is a member of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Under the Agreement on ASEAN Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTA), Thailand accords tariff preferences on a number of items to imports originating in other ASEAN countries. The PTA has been examined by a GATT Working Party (L/4735) and is being implemented in accordance with relevant GATT provisions. Tariff system and customs valuation 21. The tariff and customs valuation system remains essentially unchanged from that outlined in document L/4803. The majority of the modifications to tariffs that have been made since 1978 have entailed reductions in duty rates, including on certain luxury products that had previously been subject to higher than average import duties. In recent years, the average incidence of import duties (import duty collection as a percentage of total import value) has fallen from 13.5 per cent in 1978 to 10.3 per cent in 1980. In regard to customs valuation and customs procedures, details additional. to those contained in L/4803 can be found in the answers to questions 25 - 29 of the Questions and Replies. L/5291 Page 6

22. Anti-dumping and countervailing duties. Under the Customs Tariff Decree B.E. 2503 (1960) and its subsequent amendments, the Ministry of Finance is empowered to Levy, by notification, a special duty, additional to the normal duty, on imports of goods that have been subsidized by any. country or person by any means other than drawback of, or compensation for, duties and/or taxes, provided that the subsidy causes, or may cause, damage to national and industry. The Anti-Dumping Act (1964) authorizes the levy of anti-dumping duties in cases where the price of the imported product offered for domestic sale is below its normal price and where it is determined that such dumped imports cause or threaten to cause injury to domestic industries. See replies to questions 23 and 24 in the Questions and Replies for further details. To date, neither of these provisions has been employed. 23. Export duties. Thai products are, in general, exported free of duty except for certain commodities which are included in the Tariff Schedule. At present, only seven groups of commodities are subject to export duties. These commodities are rice, rubber, teak and other woods, metal scrap, buffalo and cow hides, raw silk and pulverized fish. Export duties are imposed primarily with a view to ensuring price stability and the supply of essential commodities for domestic consumption and production. Exports of rice and sugar are subject to the payment of export premiums. Revenue from these premiums is the main source of income-for the Fund for Farmers. In addition, some goods may be subject to non-export tariffs such as the Business Tax or local taxes. Special import fees 24. Under the Investment Promotion Act of 1977, the government may impose special fees on imports to provide temporary protection for promoted industries. These fees, which may not be more than 50 per cent of the c.i.f. price of the item in question and are generally in the range of 10 per cent to 30 per cent, are applied for a period of not more than one year at a time. This measure is considered indispensable for the promotion of new industries in Thailand. AnnexXVI of this document contains a list of the items to which special import fees presently apply. The Investment Promotion Act also provides for the possibility of exempting or reducing import duties (as well as business and local taxes) on machinery, raw materials and other materials required by promoted industries.

25. Furthermore, under the Export and Import Act B.E. 2522 (1979), import surcharges may be imposed by the Ministry of Cormerce with the approval of the Cabinet for, inter alia, economic reasons. On 19 February 1982, a surcharge of 0.5 per cent of the c.i.f. price of imported items has been imposed for a period of one year. This is a temporary and necessary measure designed to raise additional revenue for the export promotion fund. L/5291 Page 7

Export promotion 26. In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the promotion of Thai exports by removing disincentives to exportation and providing assistance to exporters. Under certain conditions, import duties and certain internal taxes paid on inputs into exported products may be exempted or rebated; legislation was recently adopted to simplify the duty and tax rebate system. Special tax and import duty exemptions or reductions may be extended to export industries under the Investment Promotion Act. Since 1979 the Board of Investment has also granted tax privileges to trading companies engaged in exporting that meet certain conditions. The offers short-term export financing in the form of a rediscount facility that enables commercial banks to rediscount promissory notes on loans extended to exporters, the rediscount rate is 5 per cent per annum and commercial banks are allowed to charge the exporter not more than 7 per cent interest. An export processing zone has been established adjacent to harbour. The main Government institution assisting companies in their export activities and engaged in other promotional activities is the Export Service Centre, established in 1975 under the Ministry of Commerce. Domestic content requirements 27. Electric wires are required to be made from domestically-produced copper and aluminium wire. In the production of certain milk products, priority is given to domestically-produced inputs. For motorcycles,. .a domestic content of 70 per cent is required. The content requirement in respect of passenger was raised from 25 per cent to 50 per cent in August 1978. As regards trucks and buses, the percentage of locally produced parts required was raised in November 1979 from a range of 15 per cent to 25 per cent to a range of 40 per cent to 50 per cent. These new requirements for cars, trucks and buses are to be met over a five-year period by annual increments of 5 percentage points. Internal taxation 28. The main internal tax in Thailand is the business tax, which is basically a sales tax imposed on the gross receipts of certain kinds of business transactions. In respect of the sale of goods, the tax is Levied on importers and domestic producers and also, for certain goods, on exporters. As a general rule, the tax is levied on imports on the basis of the c.i.f. price, plus import duty, plus a standard rate of profit. The rate of tax on the sale of goods ranges from 1.5 per cent to 40 per cent; a surtax of 10 per cent of the business tax is levied as a municipal tax. As indicated in the Fifth National Economic and Social Development Plan (1982-1986), the Thai Government intends to undertake a study of the feasibility of introducing a value-added tax. Since a value-added tax system would require well developed accounting practices and extensive preparatory work in co-operation with the business community, the possible eventual L/5291 Page 8 introduction of such a tax needs to be the subject of careful and intensive study. The other main tax on the sale of goods in Thailand is the excise tax which is levied on eight commodities, namely non-alcoholic beverages, spirits, matches, tobacco, cement, snuff, playing cards and products. In respect of a number of items, the rates of business tax and excise tax on imported goods differ from those applicable to domestically- produced goods. Exchange system 29. The exchange system remains essentially as described in L/4803. L/5291 Page 9

ANNEC TABLE I FOREIGN TRADE AND BALANCE 1/

(Millions of U.S. Dollar) (rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20.70 baht)

Note : 1/ Total value excluding military goods. 2/Beginning 1969, excluding parts of BTN code 490721 which are not actual goods but rather means of payments 3/ Import figures during the period October 1975 to March 1976 are revised to include all imports which are reported late. Source : Department of Customs. L/5291 Page10

ANNEX TABLE II DIRECTION OF TRADE (Percentage of total)

Exports Imports 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

Japan 25 21 26 26 28 26 20 20 21 15 38 37 36 31 32 32 32 31 26 21

Malaysia 4 5 6 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 2 2 2 - _ 1 1 1 2 2 Hong Kong 7 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 3 5 4 2 5 6 2 3 4 1 - - _ m . 1 - 7 9 8 8 9 7 6 8 8 8 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 United States 13 13 10 8 11 10 10 11 12 13 14 16 14 14 14 13 12 14 16 14 Netherlands 8 8 9 9 10 13 13 15 11 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 W. Germany 4 2 3 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 8 7 8 7 5 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 8 5 7 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Taiwan 3 4 4 7 2 3 5 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2

India 1 _ 1 2 _ I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - Australia 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 5 9 8 8 6 6 10 'Others 21 22 18 20 19 18 22 22 23 26 14 18 21 26 24 26 25 25 27 32

TotaL 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

SOURCE : DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMS ANNEX TABLE III Trade by Commodity Groups a. Exports (Million of U.S. Dollar) (rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20.70 Baht)

__ T I TI Beverages Crude Mineral Animal & Manufac- Miscell- Miscell- Re- Period & Materials fuels & Vegetable Chemicals tured Machinery aneous aneous exports Total Tobacco lubricants oil & fats goods manufac- transac- tured tion, & goods commodi- ties 4- I--- l--t I II f I I (0) (1) (2) 3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) + _ _ ,. - - -1_ 1_ I t

1971 398 12 222 6 1 2 121 1 5 38 29 835 1972 542 14 232 13 43 4 168 2 16 53 42 19087 1973 660 16 406 20 2 8 203 4 46 so 52 1,557 1974 1,335 22 440 19 2 16 385 15 65 50 56 2,406

1975 1,285 28 329 12 2 12 310 28 76 47 45 2,174

1976 1,712 34 462 6 2 13 451 59 117 51 29 2,937

1977 1,944 45 530 1 1 14 578 83 133 72 39 31440 88 1978 19962 57 607 1 2 21 844 131 204 96 4,013 1979 2,420 61 863 2 35 1,137 192 297 130 89 59226 11 1980 2,867 67 923 4 45 1,424 368 409 183 135 6,435

I I ___II_ ;,_ _ i

Note: Excluding military goods.

Source: Department. of Customs. L/5291 Page12

ANNEX TABLE III (Continued) b. Imports (rate of exchange $ 1US a 20.70 Baht) (Million of U.S. Dollar)

Beverages Crude Mineral Animal & Manufac- Miscell- Miscell- eriod Food & Material fuels & Vegetable Chemicals tured Machinery aneous aneous Tobacco Lubricants oil & fats goods manufac- transac- Gold Total tured tions & goods commodi- ties (0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)

1971 50 25 85 131 2 180 284 432 70 34 1 1,294 1972 58 29 100 151 2 230 315 469 92 44 - 1,492 1973 66 20 170 225 4 323 428 671 100 30 - 2,038 1974 88 33 207 607 6 450 580 989 99 35 - 3,094 1975 94 36 192 688 5 441 510 1,117 104 42 - 3,229 1976 110 32 252 867 8 507 579 1,035 139 52 - 3,521 1977 121 50 358 1,009 14 645 744 1,352 183 71 3 4,550 1978 137 49 353 1,104 13 724 893 1,625 234 88 40 5,261 1979 188 59 551 1,577 23 1,053 1,273 1,823. 383 108 23 7,061

1980 278 73 520 2,837 70 1,080 1,360 2,082 529 285 - 9,115

Note: Excluding military goods. Source: Department of Customs. L/5291 Page 13

ANNEX TABLE IV

IMPORTS BY ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION (rate of exchange 1 U.S.- 20.70 Baht) (Million of U.S. Dollar)

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

I. Consumer 212 239 305 386 408 455 537 625 770 932 goods II. Intermediate 375 441 658 887 778 977 1,301 1,423 29101 2,189 products and raw materials III.Capital goods 417 473 620 957 1,074 937 1,178 1,513 1,928 2,226 IV. Other imports 290 339 441 863 968 1,152 1,534 1,693 2,262 3,769 V. Total 1,294 1,492 2,038 3,094 3,229 3,521 4,550 5,254 7,061 9,115

§ ! '-,I

Note: Excluding military goods.

Source: Department of Customs. L/5291 Page 14

ANNEX TABLE V

TOTAL RICE EXPORTS OF THAILAND, 1971 - 1980

(rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20.70Baht

Source: Department of Customs. L/5291 Page 15

ANNEX TABLE VI

TOTAL EXPORTS OF TAPIOCA PRODUCTS OF THAILAND 1971 - 1980

(rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20.70 Baht)

MILLIONS OF % OF $ U.S. PER PERIOD METRIC TONS U.S,$ TOTAL EXPORTS METRIC TON

1971 1,123,084 60 7.43 53 1972 1,311,038 75 7.11 57 1973 1,863,453 123 8.12 66 1974 2,3950704 185 7.83 77 1975 2,385,443 222 10.36 93 1976 3,720,710 364 12.47 98 1977 3,954,366 373 9.59 94 1978 6,257,585 526 13.11 84 1979 3,960,948 478 9.15 121 1980 5,217,702 719 11.27 137.8

Source: Department of Customs. L/5291 Page 16

ANNEX TABLE VII

TOTAL EXPORTS OF RUBBER OF THAILAND, 1971 - 1980

(rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20,70 Baht)

PERIOD METRIC TONS MILLIONS OF % OF $ U.S. $ U.S. TOTAL EXPORTS PER METRIC TON

1971 307,871 92.02 11.41 298,88 1972 317,695 89.96 8.56 283.16 1973 390,514 220.90 14.63 565.66 1974 362,563 243.23 10.28 670.86 1975 332,189 167.82 7.83 505.19 1976 373,458 255.90 8.78 685.22 1977 401,863 297.74 8.65 740.90 1978 442,191 387.92 9.67 877.27 1979 520,953 596.68 11.41 1,145.36 1980 454,906 596.67 9.29 1,316.84

Source: Department of Customs. L/5291 Page 17

ANNEX TABLE VIII 1/ TOTAL TIN EXPORTS OF THAILAND, 1971 - 1980

(rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20.70 Baht)

MILLIONS OF % OF $ U.S. PERIOD METRIC TONS $ U.S. TOTAL EXPORTS PER MATRIC TON

1971 21,873 75.80 9.40 3,465.46 1972 21,840 80.40 7.65 3,681.32 1973 26,671 98.30 6.51 3,685.46 1974 20,767 149.56 6.31 7,201.61 1975 16,663 108.56 5.06 6,515.03 1976 20,o48 148.94 4.92 7,429.17 1977 21,437 237.62 6.38 11,098.57 1978 28,944 355.70 8.69 12,289.25 1979 31,308 447.13 8.56 14,281.65 1980 33,955 548.16 8.52 15,143.72

1/Consist wholly of tin metal Source: Department of Customs. L/5291 Page 18

ANNE TABLE IX

TOTAL MAIZE EXPORTS OF THAILAND 1971 - 1980

(rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20,70 Baht)

MILLIONS OF % OF $ U.S. PER PERIOD METRIC TONS $ U.S. TOTAL EXPORTS METRICTON

1971 1,873,461 105.6 13.70 56.38 1972 1,843,619 95.7 9.59 51.93 1973 1,386,374 138.2 9.50 99.71 1974 2,323,275 288.1 12.40 129.07 1975 2,104,733 271.3 12.86 128.94 1976 2,419,186 270.4 9.40 111.78 1977 1,5179878 158.8 4.61 104.68 1978 1,954,578 204.4 5.08 104.61 1979 1,988,150 268.9 5.14 135.26 1980 2,202,510 352.6 5.48 160.09

Source: Department of Customs. L/5291 Page 19

ANNEX TABLE X

TOTAL SUGAR EXPORTS OF THAILAND 1971 - 1980

(rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20.70 Baht)

~ ~ MILLIONS OF % OF $ U.Se PERIOD METRIC TONS $ U.S. TOTAL EXPORTS PER METRIC TON

1971 174,572 18.44 2.29 105.6 1972 407, 502 61i.8 5.81 149.8 1973 275,405 57.09 3.71 203.6 1974 443,847 181.52 7.67 4o8. 9 1975 595,455 275.16 12.84 462.o 1976 15123,974 330.57 11.34 294.0 1977 1,610,6io 359.67 10.46 217.3 1978 0,o4o,050 191.80 4.79 184.4 1979 1,189,818 231.75 4.43 194.7 1980 451,696 143.72 2.25 318.1 A

Source: Department of Customs. L/5291 Page 20

ANNEX TABLE XI

TOTAL SHRIMP EXPORTS OF THAILAND 1971 - 1980

(rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20.70 Baht)

MILIONS OF % OF $ U.S. PERIOD METRIC TONS $ U.S. TOTAL EXPORTS PER METRIC TON

1971 5,593 11.93 1.48 2,133.1 1972 6,725 16.41 1.56 2,440.5 1973 14,875 38.83 2.57 2,610.5 1974 10,251 29.16 1.23 2,844.7 1975 13,541 43.05 2.01 3,179.3 1976 15,217 65.09 2.23 4,277.4 1977 13,663 56.59 1.63 4,142.0 1978 15,378 72.48 1.82 4,712.9 1979 18,626 114.57 2.19 6,151.0 1980 17,915 94.73 1.47 5,287.8

Source: Department of Customs. L/5291 Page 21

ANNEX TABLE XII

TOTAL EXPORTS CF TOBACCO LEAVES OF THAILAND, 1971 - 1980

(Rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20.70 Baht)

MILLIONS OF % OF $ U.S. PERIOY METRIC TONS $ U.S. TOTAL EXPORTS PER METRIC TON

1971 13,158 11.40 1.141 866.39 1972 18,160 13.72 1.31 755.51 1973 16 470 14.92 0.99 905.89 1974 15,112 21.76 0.91 1,439.92 1975 17,584 27.53 1.28 1,565.63 1976 22,026 33.77 1.16 1,533.19 1977 27,981 44.64 1.31 1,595.37 1978 34,811 56.04 1.41 1,609.84 1979 34,050 60.05 1.16 1,763.58 1980 39s057 66.23 1.04 1,695.73

Source: Department of Customs. L/5291 Page 22

ANNEX TABLE XIII

TOTAL EXPORTS OF MUNG BEANS OF THAILAND, 1971 - 1980

(Rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20.70 Baht)

MILLIONS OF % OF $ U.S. PERIOD METRIC TONS 3 U.S. TOTAL EXPORTS PER METRIC TON

1971 85,596 6.48 1.53 75.70 1972 88,316 6.98 1.27 79.03 1973 95,214 10.12 1.20 106.29 1974 90,308 12.86 0.93 142.40 1975 83,222 11.48 1.05 137.94 1976 88,078 45.65 1.56 518.29 1977 107,776 51.06 1.50 473.76 1978 160,606 56.04 1.41 348.93 1979 177,554 66.42 1.29 374.o8 1980 179,350 69.95 1.10 390.02

Source: Department of Customs. L/5291 Page 23

ANNEX TABLE XIV TRADE INDICES & TERMS OF TRADE 1975 = 100

Exports Imports Terms Unit Unit PeriodPeriod Volume Value Volume Value of Value Value Trade

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1971 84.23 45.58 38.39 76.72 52.26 40.09 87.22 1972 99.80 50.o6 49.96 88.83 52.01 46.20 96'.25 1973 93.27 76.78 71.61 109.85 57.46 63.12 133.62 1974 104.39 105.99 1io.64 101.67 94.25 95.82 112.46 1975 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 1976 138.86 97.26 135.06 103.40 105.46 109.40 92.22 1977 159.14 99.40 158.19 124.24 113.42 140.91 87.64 1978 171.83 107.41 184.56 133.23 122.30 162.94 87.83 1979 187.28 128.34 240.36 154.65 141.41 218.69 90.76 1980 195.08 151.71 295.95 160.78 175.59 282.32 86.40

Note: Excluding military supp ly and gold. Source: Bank of Thailand. ANNEX TABLE XV L/5291/Add.1 Page 24 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ¹] (Million of U.S.Dollar) (rate of exchange $ 1 U.S. = 20.70 Baht)

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

Merchandise 1. Exports (f.o.b.) 806.4 1,050.7 1,509.8 2,367,3 2,143.2 2,916,0 3,404.0 3,973.5 5,163.3 6,378.8 2. Imports (c.i.f.) -1,285.3 -19479.9 -2,031.6 -3,058.2 -39117.2 -3,451.5 -4,637.9 -59311.9 -7,413.8 -9t180.0 3. Non-Monetary gold - 1.3 2.7- 40.3- 22.7 4. Trade balance 480.2 - 429.2 - 521.8 - 690.9 974.0 - 535.5 -1,236.6 -1,378.7 -2,273.0 -2,801.2 Be Services 1. Receipts 478,2 54790 614.6 755.3 799.6 676.0 713.6 1,068.8 1,408.9 1,896.6 2. Payments - 217.2 - 229.0 - 284.4 - 388.1 - 502.0 596.6 e 597.4 - 862.1 -1,252.4 -1,564.4 3. Net services 261.1 318.0 330.3 367.2 297.6 79.3 116.2 206.7 156.4 332.2 C. Unrequited transfers 43.7 59.8 143.4 237.5 78.8 22,4 38.7 39.4 59.1 -2 262.4 D, Capital movements 83.7 176.0 141.9 437.4 734.6 447.5 674.7 717.8 1,631.2 2,413.4 E, Allocation of SDRS 14.4 15.5 23.8 24.5 F. Records balance(A through E) 77.4 140.1 93.7 351.2 - 222.9 13.8 407.0 - 414.8 - 402,4 175.5 G, Net errors and omissions 61.2 51.2 - 52.0 35.8 84.8 -17.8 42.8 - 227.6 19.6 74.7 H; Overall balance (F plus G) -6.2 192.8 41.7 387.1 138.1 4.0 3641 - 642.4 382.8 250*2 I Monetary movements 16.2 192.8 -417 - 387.1 138.1 4.0 364.1 642.4 382.8 - 250.2

Data are summarized from basic reports, No sign indicates credit, minus sign indicates debit. Excluding mllitary aid imports Including interest payment of commercial banks' loan from abroad Including U.S. government holdings of baht arising from Thailand's purchases of U.S. surplus agricultural commodities. 4] Including oil concession fee, Baht 1,070 millions, received in June 1974 Source: Bank of Thiland. L/5291 Page 25

Annex XVI Goods Subject to Special Import Fees

CCCN No. Description Special fee Duration (as % of the c.i.f. value)

15.07 D R1D Plan clein 20 6.8.81-5.8.82 28.03 Carbon black 20 11.3.81-10.3-82 28056 Calcium carbide 20 9.1281-8.12.82

29.04 A Sorbitol 10 11.3.81-10.3.82 19.04 B

29.05 A Mentrhol flakes and powders 50 5.5.81-4.5,82 29.05 B

29.16 C Citric acid 50 10,2.82-9.2.83

29.44 B Canamycin sulphate 20 11.3.81-10.3.82 30.00 D

38.13 Pickling preparations for 20 19.6.81-18.6.82 metal surfaces

39.02 A Acrylic polymers to be used 30 15.7.81-14.7.82 39.02 8 in industries

39.02 B Polyvinyl chloride mats 20 15.7.81-14.7.82 39.07

51.01 Continuous polyester and 5 5.5,81-4.5.82 51.03 nylon filament yarn L/5291 Page 26

CCCN No. Description Special fee Duration (as % of the .c.i.f. value)

51.,01 Pre or partially oriented 15 5,5.81-4.5.82 51.03 continuous polyester filamet yarn

51.01 Polyester and nylon stretched 15 5.5.81-4.5.82 51.03 yarn

56.01 Discontinuous polyester fibre 20 5.5.81-4.5.82 56.01 Discontinuous viscose rayon 10 5.5.81-4.5.82 fibre 70.20 C Glass fibre 30 9.12.81-8,12-82 73.02 Ferro-alloys 20 11.9.81-10.9.82

73.27 Netting fabric of or 15 15.7.81-14.7.82 steel wire with diameter

from 0.45 mm, to 3.40 mm.

76.03 Wrought plates, sheets and 15 5.5.81-4.5.82

strip of

76.04 Aluminium foil of a thickness 10 5.5.81-4.5.82 not exceeding 0.15 mm.

82.02 High carbon, low tungsten and 2f 11.3.81-10.3.82 high speed steel blades for

hand or saws

84.06 Single, horizontal cylinder 20 28.10.81-27.10.82 diesel engine L/5291 Page 27

CCCN No. Description Special fee Duration (as % of the c.i.f. value).

84.06 Piston rings with diamater 15 19.6.81-18.6.82 84.10 B measuring from the extreme 84.11 B edge from 30 mm. to 160 mm, 84.21 B

84.6l Taps for home and sanitary ware 10 15.7.81-14.7.82

85.13 Telephone receiving sets 25 9.12.81-8,12.82 86,05 B Lead pencils 10 11.3.81-10.3.82 87.06 A Wheel chain for Tractor 20 13.1.82-12.1.83 87,06 A Link Pin, Shore and Spacer 20 13.1.82-12,1.83 84.63 Bushing 20 13.082-12.1.83

28.19 Zinc Oxide 20 10.2.82-9.2.83

39.02 A Polyvinyl chloride resin 20 10.2.82-9.2.83 73.07 Billet 20 10.2.82-9.2.83