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Thailand's Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Development Volume 1

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Thailand's Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Development Volume 1 1 Thailand’s Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Development Volume 1 Thailand’s Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Development 1 Foreword Thailand has made remarkable progress in the fields of social and economic development in recent decades, which enabled Thailand to become a middle-income country. According to the first Thailand Millennium Development Goals Report, 2004, Thailand has already reached almost all targets set in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Therefore, Thailand has set more ambitious targets, called MDG Plus, that go well beyond the internationally agreed MDG targets. The development examples of many innovative projects under the royal patronage of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej are particularly valuable, and His Majesty’s philosophy on “Sufficiency Economy” has become a key principle in Thailand’s national development plan and practices. As Thailand succeeded in its development during the past four decades, The Royal Thai Government has shared its knowledge and experiences with other developing countries, especially its neighbors in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region (GMS), through technical cooperation and human resource development. Helping the development of neighboring countries is among the highest priorities of Thai foreign policy. This has led to Thailand becoming a training and resource center for development, especially for scholars and practitioners from other developing countries. The Thailand International Development Cooperation Agency (TICA) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the main Government’s coordinating body for technical and development assistance, including managing Thailand’s Official Development Assistance (ODA). Working closely with TICA and supporting Thailand as an active donor of the South is the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand. We at TICA would like to express our gratitude to UNDP for its new initiatives to further strengthen Thailand’s efforts in South-South cooperation and aid effectiveness. In recognizing the value of Thailand’s development experiences and expertise, UNDP has provided generous support and finding to this publication on “Thailand’s Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Development”. The publication’s provides an overview and some examples of Thailand’s areas of expertise and development achievements (Volume 1), as well as providing and evidence-based resource mapping of national institutions in the country, called “Sources of Expertise for Thailand’s Best Practices in Development” (Volume 2). We also appreciate the efforts of the Kenan Institute Asia in collecting, analyzing and summarizing Thailand’s varied and extensive development experiences. It is our hope that this publication will be useful to the Thai Government as an advocacy tool to promote Thailand’s development achievements and its available resource centers, as well as for strategic development cooperation programs with other developing countries and partners. Apinan Phatarathiyanon Director-General Thailand International Development Cooperation Agency i Thailand’s Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Development Volume 1 Table of Contents 1 ii Table of Contents Foreword ....................................................................................................................................... i Introduction ..................................................................................................................................1 Agriculture and Rural Development .............................................................................................7 Development in Support of a Sufficiency Economy ...................................................................23 Community-based Economic Development ..............................................................................39 Public Health ..............................................................................................................................57 Natural Resources, Environment, and Energy ............................................................................75 Tourism .......................................................................................................................................97 Other Development Expertise Available in Thailand ................................................................109 iii Thailand’s Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Development Volume 1 Introduction 1 iv Introduction Over the past 50 years Thailand has developed from a low-income nation that produced only basic commodities to a middle-level, diversified economy that has balanced strengths in agriculture, industry and services. At the same time, Thailand has developed expertise in public health, community development, and environmental protection. As in every other country, Thailand’s development has not been without problems or setbacks, but key organizations in Thailand have learned valuable lessons from those challenges, which they are ready make available to other developing countries. These lessons come from too many areas of social and economic development to document them all in a report of this length. Therefore seven key areas of expertise have been identified for highlighting in this report. These are: • Agriculture and rural development • Development in support of a sufficiency economy • Community-based economic development • Public health • Management of natural resources, environment, and energy • Tourism • Other development expertise available in Thailand Thailand’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) consists of grants and concessionary loans provided by the Royal Thailand Government to other developing countries. The main Royal Thai Government donors of ODA are the Thailand International Development Cooperation Agency (TICA) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Export-Import Bank of Thailand (EXIM Thailand), and the Neighbouring Countries Economic Development Cooperation Agency (Public Organization) (NEDA) based in the Ministry of Finance. Thailand became a donor of ODA in 1992 after many years of providing informal technical assistance, training and scholarships to other developing countries. This official assistance is provided by the Thai government because of its long-term commitment to international development, regional integration, and most importantly, to the development of Thailand’s neighbors in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region and its partners in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Thailand also supports United Nations (UN) agencies and other international development organizations headquartered in Thailand. Organizations such as the World Health Organization, Family Health International, the US Agency for International Development and the Rockefeller Foundation have regional offices in Bangkok that benefit from Thai government support and Bangkok’s strategic location. Assisting the development of neighboring countries is one of the highest priorities of Thai foreign policy. Policy direction for 1 Thailand’s Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Development Volume 1 this assistance comes from the “Neighboring Countries Economic Development Cooperation Committee” chaired by the Prime Minister. Much of Thai ODA has been based on Thailand’s own development experience and focused on promoting public health, improving education, advancing agriculture, reducing illicit trafficking of people and narcotics, and building key infrastructure. Thailand’s program of international assistance is well- documented in the TICA publication “Thailand Official Development Assistance (ODA) Report 2007–2008.” TICA, however, recognizes that Thailand’s value to its developing country partners and friends goes well beyond official assistance and has the potential for significant increase if the expertise available in Thailand were better known and more easily accessed. Therefore, this report is meant to provide a broader picture of Thailand’s development experience and the best practices that have evolved out of that experience. Support for this report has come from the UN Development Programme (UNDP), indicating the value that the UNDP sees in Thailand’s development experience and its interest in supporting the dissemination of that experience. This report focuses on appropriate expertise for other developing countries that can be transferred through training, consultancy, site visits and materials. It is expected that some of this expertise transfer can be supported by UNDP and other multilateral or bilateral development agencies as well as Thailand’s ODA program. Transfer of expertise can also take place through TICA’s program “Friends from Thailand,” which supports Thai volunteers to work in partner countries. In other cases, the sources of expertise can be contacted directly for help, especially for training and site visits. Some of Thailand’s development expertise originated from international development projects funded by international development agencies, but in almost all cases, the experience of implementing projects in Thailand has led to adjustments and refinements that make it more applicable to the developing country situation. There is also a great deal of expertise that has been developed by indigenous organizations working on their own to find creative and appropriate solutions to development problems. Of particular importance are the efforts led by Thailand’s royal family and the personal commitment and technical expertise of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Truly a “development monarch,” His
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