DOCSLIB.ORG

The Political Economy of Thailand's International Trade Negotiations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Political Economy of Thailand's International Trade Negotiations The Political Economy of Thailand’s International Trade Negotiations: Some Multilateral and Bilateral Issues by Wuthiya SARAITHONG Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Economics School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 1999 ProQuest Number: 11010581 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010581 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 To my parents Veerapant and Paiboon Saraithong and in loving memory of my grandmothers 3 Abstract This thesis examines Thailand's international trade negotiations, using a political economy framework. It concentrates on the country's multilateral negotiations in the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and bilateral negotiations with the United States on intellectual property protection. The objectives of this thesis are to analyse the role of the Thai private sector and the autonomy of the Thai government in the process of these negotiations. This study argues that, apart from the public sector, the Thai private sector also plays an important role in the country's trade negotiations. However, the level of its participation varies from one negotiating framework to another. Bilateral negotiations tend to draw more attention from the private sector, because they have more direct impact on individual businesses. This is a result of the high concentration of interest caused by the small number of negotiating issues and people involved in these negotiations. In the country's bilateral negotiations with the United States, Thailand's private sector actively engaged in the negotiating process through various kinds of lobbying activities. The Thai government had to respond to these activities and compromise interests among different groups. In contrast, the role of Thai private enterprises in the Uruguay Round negotiations was rather limited. This provided the Thai government with autonomy in formulating the country's negotiating positions and in implementing Uruguay Round commitments. This resulted in a higher degree of autonomy for the government in the Uruguay Round negotiations, compared with bilateral negotiations with the United States. Thailand's Uruguay Round negotiations and its bilateral negotiations with the United States carry some implications, both for government policy and agencies as well as for their relationship with private businesses. There have already been a number of changes not only in the Thai bureaucratic system but also in the general public's opinion regarding trade negotiations. Nevertheless, to improve the capability of Thai government officials in the negotiating process and to promote national interests, some further changes are still necessary. 4 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Professor Anne Booth, for her helpful advice and patience. Without her help, this thesis may never be completed. I also greatly appreciate Professor Ben Fine for his advice. My gratitude goes to the Royal Thai Government for the scholarship, enabling me to complete my study. I am grateful to Professor David Wall, the Royal Institute of International Affairs; and Dr. Sheila Page, the Overseas Development Institute. I would like to thank the following people for their help during my fieldwork in Thailand, Dr. Medhi Krongkaew, Peter Mytri Ungphakom, and Dr. Nilsuwan Leelarasamee. I would like to express my gratitude to H.E. Kirk-krai Jirapaet, the Thai ambassador to the WTO, for his valuable advice. To finish this thesis, I am indebted to a number of people who provided me so much help throughout the past years, particularly Montira Suwanamas and Dr. Thanwadee Thanitsukkam. I am especially owed to Phuchphop Mongkolnavin and Janjao Sutiwaraphun for sharing with me so many useful discussions and helping me through good time and bad time. My sincere thanks go to my uncle and my aunt, Wirat and Corry Fuengshunut; to Atchara Chayakul, Chavanart Thangsumphant, Dr. Nadhawat Krishnamra, Suhat Sungchaya for their kind support; and to Dr. Suphanvasa Chotikajan for believing in me. I profoundly thank Ralph Vocke who has always been my strength since Canterbury's years. For my friend, Dr. Sakkarin Niyomsilpa, I cannot thank him enough for his inspiration, support, both technical and moral, and above all, his friendship. Lastly, I would like to express my appreciation to everyone mentioned earlier and to a number of people who lent me helping hands all through the past years. I thank them all for making this possible. Table of Contents List of Tables ......................................................................................................8 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................... 10 List of Interviewees ............................................................................................13 Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................... 14 1.1 The Objectives ...........................................................................................14 1.2 The Scope and Structure of the Study .....................................................15 1.3 Data Sources and Fieldwork ................................................................. 18 Chapter 2 The Thai Economy: The Structure and Overview ................ 19 2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................19 2.2 The Structure of the Thai Economy before the 1960s 19 2.3 The Structure of the Thai Economy since the 1960s 23 2.4 Conclusions .......................................................................................... 35 Chapter 3 Review of Literature on Trade Policy 54 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 54 3.2 Traditional Trade Theory ..............................................................................55 3.3 Import Substitution ..............................................................................56 3.4 Export Promotion.......................................................................................... 62 3.5 Strategic Trade Policy ..............................................................................72 3.6 The Political Economy of Trade Policy .....................................................76 3.7 Conclusions .......................................................................................... 88 Chapter 4 Economic Policy Planning and The Determinants of Economic Policy in Thailand ............................................................................................91 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................91 4.2 The Process of Economic Policy Planning and Thailand's National Development Plan ............................................................................................91 4.3 The Public Sector ............................................................................................97 4.4 The Private Sector ..............................................................................109 4.5 The External Factors ..............................................................................116 4.6 Conclusions ...........................................................................................119 Chapter 5 Trade Policy Measures and Trade-Related Issues ............... 122 5.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................122 5.2 Trade Policy Measures .............................................................................. 122 5.3 Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs)............................................ 148 5.4 Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) ............................155 5.5 Conclusions ...........................................................................................159 Chapter 6 Thailand’s Multilateral Trade Negotiations: The Case of the GATT and the WTO ..........................................................................164 6.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................164 6.2 A Brief Historical and General Background of the GATT and the WTO 165 6.3 Thailand's Negotiating Positions and Its Roles inthe Uruguay Round 172 6.4 The Implementation of Thailand's Uruguay Round Commitments .. 186 6.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 192 Chapter 7 Thailand’s Bilateral Trade Negotiations: The Case of Thai-US Negotiations on TRIPs ................................................................199 7.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................199 7.2 Thai-US Trade Relations ..............................................................................200
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thailand Singapore
    National State of Oceans and Coasts 2018: Blue Economy Growth THAILAND SINGAPORE National State of Oceans and Coasts 2018: Blue Economy Growth THAILAND National State of Oceans and Coasts 2018: Blue Economy Growth of Thailand July 2019 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes or to provide wider dissemination for public response, provided prior written permission is obtained from the PEMSEA Executive Director, acknowledgment of the source is made and no commercial usage or sale of the material occurs. PEMSEA would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale, any commercial purpose or any purpose other than those given above without a written agreement between PEMSEA and the requesting party. Published by Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA). Printed in Quezon City, Philippines PEMSEA and Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR, Thailand). 2019. National State of Oceans and Coasts 2018: Blue Economy Growth of Thailand. Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA), Quezon City, Philippines. 270 p. ISBN 978-971-812-056-9 The activities described in this report were made possible with the generous support from our sponsoring organizations - the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of PEMSEA Country Partners and its other participating organizations. The designation employed and the presentation do not imply expression of opinion, whatsoever on the part of PEMSEA concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or its authority or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Mekong River in the Economy
    le:///.le/id=6571367.3900159 NOVEMBER REPORT 2 0 1 6 ©THOMAS CRISTOFOLETTI / WWF-UK In the Economy Mekong River © NICOLAS AXELROD /WWF-GREATER MEKONG Report prepared by Pegasys Consulting Hannah Baleta, Guy Pegram, Marc Goichot, Stuart Orr, Nura Suleiman, and the WWF-Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam teams. Copyright ©WWF-Greater Mekong, 2016 2 Foreword Water is liquid capital that flows through the economy as it does FOREWORD through our rivers and lakes. Regionally, the Mekong River underpins our agricultural g systems, our energy production, our manufacturing, our food security, our ecosystems and our wellbeing as humans. The Mekong River Basin is a vast landscape, deeply rooted, for thousands of years, in an often hidden water-based economy. From transportation and fish protein, to some of the most fertile crop growing regions on the planet, the Mekong’s economy has always been tied to the fortunes of the river. Indeed, one only need look at the vast irrigation systems of ancient cities like the magnificent Angkor Wat, to witness the fundamental role of water in shaping the ability of this entire region to prosper. In recent decades, the significant economic growth of the Lower Mekong Basin countries Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Viet Nam — has placed new strains on this river system. These pressures have the ability to impact the future wellbeing including catalysing or constraining the potential economic growth — if they are not managed in a systemic manner. Indeed, governments, companies and communities in the Mekong are not alone in this regard; the World Economic Forum has consistently ranked water crises in the top 3 global risks facing the economy over the coming 15 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Download (4Mb)
    COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES SCIENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT MONITOR - SAST ACTIVITY STRATEGIC ANALYSIS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THE NEEDS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN SELECTED ADVANCED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE COMMUNITY IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (Sast Project N° 1) COUNTRY REPORT ON THAILAND by Dr. L. Cuyvers, Faculty of Applied Economics University of Antwerp (RUCA}, Belgium Dr. K. Ramanathan, School of Management Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok January 1991 * * * ** * * **•* * EUR 14142 EN MONITOR - SAST ACTIVITY STRATEGIC ANALYSIS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THE NEEDS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN SELECTED ADVANCED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE COMMUNITY IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (Sast Project N° 1) COUNTRY REPORT ON THAILAND by Dr. L. Cuyvers, Faculty of Applied Economics University of Antwerp (RUCA), Belgium Dr. K. Ramanathan, School of Management Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok December 1 990 Published by the COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Directorate-General Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation L-2920 LUXEMBOURG LEGAL NOTICE Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information Catalogue number : CD-NA-14142-EN-C © ECSC - EEC - EAEC, Brussels - Luxembourg, 1992 FOREWORD This report has been prepared for the Strategic Analysis in Science and Technology Unit (SASTJ of the Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development of the Commission of the European Communities. SAST activities are part of the MONITOR Programme which aims to identify new directions and priorities for Community research and technological development (RTDJ policy and to help show more clearly the relationship between RTD policy and other Community policies.
    [Show full text]
  • English/Tratop E/Tpr E/Tp Rep E.Htm
    WT/TPR/M/400 15 January 2021 (21-0487) Page: 1/59 Trade Policy Review Body 24 and 26 November 2020 TRADE POLICY REVIEW THAILAND MINUTES OF THE MEETING Chairperson: H.E. Mr Harald Aspelund (Iceland) CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ...................................................... 2 2 OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THAILAND .................................. 4 3 STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT ............................................................................... 8 4 STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS ....................................................................................... 10 5 REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THAILAND AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ..... 52 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ........................................................ 57 7 ADOPTION OF TPRB'S ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2020 .................................................... 59 Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided by Thailand are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/400/Add.1 and will be available online at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm. WT/TPR/M/400 • Thailand - 2 - 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON 1.1. The eighth Trade Policy Review of Thailand was held on 24 and 26 November 2020. The Chairperson, H.E. Mr. Harald Aspelund (Iceland), welcomed the delegation of Thailand, headed by Mr. Rachavitch Piyapramote, Minister, Permanent Mission of Thailand to the WTO and WIPO (Bangkok Office), who participated online from Bangkok; H.E. Ambassador Sunanta Kangvalkulkij, Permanent Representative of Thailand to the WTO; and the discussant, H.E. Ambassador Silvia Elena Alfaro Espinosa (Peru). 1.2. The Chairperson was pleased that, in addition to physical presence, the meeting also benefited from the Interprefy online connection, allowing for a wider participation of the Membership, in particular of Thai officials who could not make the journey from Bangkok given the current circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand's Economic Diplomacy in G.C.C. Countries
    THAILAND'S ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IN G.C.C. COUNTRIES ABSTRACT THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF ©octor of ^fjilosfopfjp IN I WEST ASIAN STUDIES BY MR. WORAWUT WANKHWAN Under the Supervision of Dr. MOHAMMAD AZHAR CENTRE OF WEST ASIAN STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2009 ABSTRACT Economic diplomacy represents a substantial part in the present context of international affairs. Diplomatic practice among the state is as old as the history of human civilization. Modem world has formulated many principles and policies that are to regulate the diplomatic practices among the state. It plays a very significant role in the success and strength of a state. Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or states. It usually refers to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations through the intercession of professional diplomats with regard to issues of peace­ making, trade, war, economics and culture. International treaties are usually negotiated by diplomats prior to endorsement by national politicians. All states conduct some of the foreign policy ambitions and objectives for their stability, security, and prosperity. The foreign policy of country at any given period is the end product of its response to the prevailing socio-economic and political challenges whether in domestic or external environment. Economic diplomacy provided the engine that drove the economic and security train of the free world. Furthermore, economic diplomacy is identified as an important factor to eradicate the protectionism which is the main problem of international trade. Restriction on free trade would gradually be reduced though effective economic diplomacy conducted by right and qualified administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand Somboon Siriprachai
    1 This paper will be published in Anis Chowdhury and Iyanatul Islam (eds) Handbook of Asian Economies – Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia (Edward Elgar, 2007) Forthcoming. Thailand Somboon Siriprachai A SHORT POLITICAL HISTORY Like any other traditional society, from the time of Sukothai (The first kingdom and First City of Thailand, circa 1260-1350 AD) to the Coup d’etat of 1932, the king was at the centre of Thai political structure. The king held extensive power – responsible for the administrative, judicial, military, religious and cultural life of the country. He also appointed central and provincial officials, issued edicts on a variety of subjects, made decisions on legal issues, oversaw preparations for war, protected the Buddhist faith, and provided generous support for the arts, which was essential for any king of Thailand. Many Thai monarchs represented leading intellectuals, poets and others, for instance; King Mongkut (1851-1867) and King Chulalongkorn (1868-1910) preserved Thailand’s independence from the West in an era of colonial expansion. The journey of modern Thailand began when King Chulalongkorn initiated the reform programme which included the introduction of Western-style education and public health systems, railways, and public security apparatus such as police. Under the Sakdina (The Thai Feudalism) regime which had survived for centuries, the Thai monarchy was unable to present its great power in the twentieth century. By the 1920s, the storm of change in the political system was emerging among military officers, civilian officials, and students who had studied abroad, particularly in France. The coups of June 24, 1932 brought the military to a dominant position in the Thai political structure, and the Provincial Constitution of June 27, 1937 ended the absolute monarchy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Business Competitiveness of Thailand in the ASEAN Region
    Business and Economic Research ISSN 2162-4860 2014, Vol. 4, No. 1 The Business Competitiveness of Thailand in the ASEAN Region Abdullah Al-Swidi (Corresponding author) Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business University Utara Malaysia Tel: 60-124-662-754 Email: [email protected] Arfan Shahzad Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business University Utara Malaysia Received: December 7, 2013 Accepted: December 24, 2013 doi:10.5296/ber.v4i1.4667 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v4i1.4667 Abstract Thailand is playing a vital role in the ASEAN region as a developing nation. The World Bank also reported that in 2011Thailand had the 17th rank globally in terms of ease of doing business. This present study attempted to investigate the major factors which influence the overall national competitiveness of Thailand. Moreover, due to the considerable improvement of the business environment, Thailand has been an attractive destination for foreign investors, therefore, mobilized by many multinational companies (MNCs) from all over the world. This study sought to analyze the economic environment of the country and to detect what factors influence most Thailand’s national competitiveness, thus, to explain how Thailand becomes an attractive destination for global FDI inflows and can contribute to the global prosperity. Keywords: Competitive Advantage, ASEAN, Thailand, Competitive disadvantage, Economic indicators. 1. Introduction The beginning years of the 21st century has witnessed that the Asian region has started growing dramatically and becoming the most attractive spot for international business in the global arena. The national competitiveness is assumed to be the most important factor that indicates the country’s ability to create and maintain a compatible environment in which enterprises and 48 www.macrothink.org/ber Business and Economic Research ISSN 2162-4860 2014, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiplying Strategic Thai Investments in the US
    Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 7 I. Investment Database .............................................................................................................11 Trade and Investment Flows into the U.S...........................................................................11 Calculating Thai Investment Flows into the U.S. ................................................................12 Summary of Thai investment in the U.S. ............................................................................13 Recommendations .............................................................................................................14 Limitations ..........................................................................................................................15 II. State-by-State Analysis .........................................................................................................17 Background ........................................................................................................................17 Methodology ......................................................................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Economy of Food Insecurity in East Asia
    Rice, politics and power: the political economy of food insecurity in East Asia Paul Belesky Master of International Studies (International Relations) The University of Queensland A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Queensland, 2016 School of Political Science and International Studies School of Social Science Abstract This thesis has three main objectives: (1) to provide a critical political economy study of the complex interplay between rice, politics and power in East Asia; (2) to make a contribution to understanding the evolution of the regional and global food system through an historically-contextualised exploration of the political economy of rice in the East Asian region; and (3) to make a contribution towards an alternative analytical framework for the political economy of food insecurity in the region. This study focuses on the agricultural commodity of rice as a prism through which to examine and explore the complex and multidimensional nature of food insecurity in the region, with rice providing a lens through which to explore social relations and relations of power that underpin the political economy of food and agriculture. This study has identified a gap in literature in relation to a contemporary analysis of the political economy of rice, with a second gap appearing in relation to the evolution of the global food system from an East Asian perspective. This thesis aims to make a contribution towards addressing these gaps in literature. With these objectives in mind, this thesis responds
    [Show full text]
  • Food Insecurity Assessment at National and Sub-National Levels In
    FOOD INSECURITY ASSESSMENT AT N ATIONAL AND SUBNATIONAL LEVELS IN THAILAND, 2011 National Statistical Office and Office of Agricultural Economics of the Kingdom of Thailand Bangkok, July 2012 1 Food insecurity assessment at national and subnational levels in Thailand, 2011 Food insecurity assessment at national and subnational levels in Thailand, 2011 Food insecurity assessment at national and subnational levels in Thailand, 2011 National Statistical Office and Office of Agricultural Economics of the Kingdom of Thailand July 2012 Food insecurity assessment at national and subnational levels in Thailand, 2011 Food insecurity assessment at national and subnational levels in Thailand, 2011 Simplicity is the key principle. Give assistance as quickly and as directly as possible. No red tape and no prolonged sessions. His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej 1 Food insecurity assessment at national and subnational levels in Thailand, 2011 FOREWORD Over the past few decades, Thailand has been implementing various agricultural development policies to improve the food security of its population and at the same time increase its export earnings. Thailand is considered a food surplus country and is often termed the “kitchen” or “refrigerator” of the world. Rice is the most important staple food in Thailand. Its yearly production continues to increase and reached about 35 million metric tonnes in 2010. Thailand is considered the main exporter of rice on the world market with an average yearly amount of about 8.5 million tonnes contributing to net export earnings of about 120 billion baht. Food products such as cassava, sugar, fruits, oil seeds, vegetables, fish and livestock are produced in sufficient amount for both domestic consumption and export, which all together constitute about double the export earnings of rice.
    [Show full text]
  • P. Ouyyanont, 'Industrialization of Bangkok Before the Second World War'
    Industrialization of Bangkok before the Second World War Porphant Ouyyanont School of Economics Sukhothai Thammthirat Open University Nonthaburi, Thailand, 11120 Abstract: This paper asks the question as why industrialization in Bangkok was so limited before the Second World War. It is argued that throughout the 1930s many export-dependent economies were forced to raise tariffs as export earnings slumped, and some abandoned currency convertibility which further eroded their foreign trade. Under these circumstances some countries experienced nascent industrialization in the 1930s, and governments sometimes actively helped the process as a way of reducing imports and hence protecting foreign currency holdings. Not so Thailand. In the 1930s Thailand’s tariffs remained low (and where they were raised it was principally for revenue reasons rather than promotion of industry). Moreover state sponsorship of import substitution was limited, and the currency remained convertible (and for much of the 1930s linked to sterling).We may explain Thailand’s experience in the 1930s, which contrasted with so many other undeveloped economies, mainly through the lack of pressure coming through the balance of trade. Although rice prices fell, they did not fall so much as other primary product staples (such as coffee, rubber, and wheat, for example), nor did they fall as fast as some main industrial import prices. Thailand was able to maintain a favorable balance of trade throughout the 1930s and hence was not forced to raise tariffs or take other measures which might have stimulated industrial growth. I Bangkok is, and has long been, what is termed a “primate” city – a city of overwhelming dominance in terms of size and economic significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Trade, Exchange Rate, and Agricultural Pricing Policies in Thailand
    d'c 7 S (A1,rc ) WORLD BANK I ILE COPY COMPARATIVESTUDIES I The Political Economy of Agricultural Pricing Policy Public Disclosure Authorized Trade, Exchange Rate, and Agricultural Pricing Policies in Thailand Ammar Siamwalla Suthad Setboonsarmg Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized j4w _~~ 4- , .w Ve p 'L~hJP# Public Disclosure Authorized The Political Economy of Agricultural Pricing Policy Trade, Exchange Rate, and Agricultural Pricing Policies in Thailand Ammar Siamwalla Suthad Setboonsarng WORLD BANK COMPARATIVE STUDIES The World Bank Washington, D C Copyright © 1989 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THEWORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N W Washmgton, D C 20433 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First prmting September 1989 World Bank Comparative Studies are undertaken to increase the Bank's capacity to offer sound and relevant pohcy recommendations to its member countries Each series of studies, of which The Political Economy of Agricultural Pncing Policy is one, comprises several empirical, multicountry reviews of key economic policies and their effects on the development of the countries in which they were implemented A synthesis report on each series will compare the findings of the studies of individual countres to identify common patterns in the relation between pohlcy and outcome-thus to mcrease understandmg of development and economic policy The series The Political Economy of Agricultural Pricing Policy,under the dLrectionof Anne 0 Krueger, Maurice Schiff,
    [Show full text]