Arch 150 Appreciation of Architecture 1 Fall 2019 • Prof. Alex Anderson

Test 1 Study Guide (test available Tues 10/15 at 6:00 pm until Thurs 10/17 at 6:00 pm) The test is open book. You may use any resource you like, as long as you work on your own. It is 30 questions, 40 minutes. This study guide includes the main buildings, terms and concepts covered on the test.

Lectures Covered: 9/26 Course overview 10/1 Construction 1: mud, wood, and stone 10/3 Prehistory 1: the architecture of nomadic and early agrarian societies 10/8 Prehistory 2: megalithic architecture 10/10 First Civilizations: cities and public space

Readings in the text: Pages 1-20, 63-66, 81-82, 251-258, 274-282

Places: Prehistory 1 First Civilizations: Cave, Lascaux, France White Temple, Uruk Mammoth bone hut, Ukraine Ziggurat, Ur Tipis, American Plains Temple of Solomon, Israel Bedouin Tent, Syria Sargon’s Palace, Khorsabad Jomon buildings, Japan Ishtar Gate, Babylon Haida houses, British Columbia, Canada Great Bath, Mohenjo-Daro Çatal Hüyük, Turkey Granary, Mohenjo-Daro Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico, USA Palace of Darius and Xerxes, Persepolis Mesa Verde, Colorado, USA

Prehistory 2: Temple, Ggantija, Malta Stone Alignments, Carnac, France Silbury Hill, Wiltshire, England Stonehenge, Wiltshire, England Woodhenge, Wiltshire, England Avebury, Wiltshire, England Stanton Drew, Stanton Drew, England Newgrange, Ireland

Terms: ashlar joist stacking barrow lintel tenon beam masonry tent citadel megalith thatch column menhir tipi cone mosaic mortise totem pole corbel passage grave trilithon dolmen pit house tumulus framing plank house wattle and daub granary post weaving henge rubble ziggurat

Concepts: In the lecture on construction I talked about Gottfried Semper’s ideas concerning “the four elements of architecture” which include: • Ordered space — the platform • Sheltered space — the roof • Shared space — the hearth • Ornament — the wall You should understand how these elements work in the hut he used as an example—both practically and symbolically. You should also understand how these elements apply to architecture more generally.

In addition to the information above we have talked about how factors such as gravity, earthquakes, weather, geography, climate, food sources, agricultural practices, vulnerability to enemies, religious practices, trade, availability of materials, and local construction techniques affected dwellings and religious structures. You should have a basic understanding of these relationships.