Sihi, Sector - 84, Gurgaon, Haryana

Home , Bengal fox, Indian cobra, Ptyas mucosa, Savanna vine snake

ANNEXURE-I (CONSERVATION PLAN FOR SCHEDULE I APPROVED BY Chief Wildlife Warden)

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For Spaze Tower Pvt. Ltd. Group Housing “SPAZE PRIVY AT4” Village – Sihi, Sector - 84, Gurgaon, Haryana

Prepared by: M/s Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

(NABET Registered wide list of Accredited Consultants Organization

/Rev 73/ 8th February, 2019/ S. No-116) and ISO 9001:2015 & ISO 14001:2015 Certified Company

5th floor, NN Mall, Sector 3, Rohini,

New Delhi-110085Phone: 011-49281360)

Contents

1 Introduction ...... 5 1.1 Details of the study area ...... 7 1.2 Details of Ecological and Biodiversity Study...... 7 1.3 Principles of Wildlife Conservation ...... 11 1.4 Decline of Wildlife ...... 12 2 Conservation Plan of Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) ...... 13 2.1 Taxonomy of Peafowl ...... 13 2.2 General description ...... 14 2.3 Morphology ...... 14 2.4 Habitat ...... 15 2.5 Physical Characteristics ...... 15 2.6 Behaviour ...... 15 2.7 Food Habit ...... 16 2.8 Conservation and relationship with man ...... 16 2.9 Conservation Measures for Fauna with respect to project proponent ...... 16 3 Conservation Plan for Leopard (Panthera pardus) ...... 17 3.1 Taxonomy ...... 17 3.2 General Description ...... 17 3.3 Habitat ...... 17 3.4 Biology and Behaviour ...... 18 3.5 Food Habit ...... 18 3.6 Reproduction ...... 18 3.7 Threats ...... 19 4 Conservation Plan for Black Patridge ...... 20 4.1 Taxonomy ...... 20 4.2 General Description ...... 20 4.3 Habitat ...... 21 4.4 Physical Characteristics ...... 21 4.5 Biology and Behaviour ...... 21 4.6 Food Habit ...... 22 4.7 Conservation and relationship with Man ...... 22 5 Conservation Plan for Indian Cobra ...... 23 5.1 Taxonomy ...... 23 5.2 Geographical distribution...... 23 5.3 General Description ...... 24 5.4 Habitat ...... 24 5.5 Physical Characteristics ...... 24 5.6 Biology and Behaviour ...... 24 5.7 Food Habit ...... 25 5.8 Conservation/Threats ...... 25 6 Conservation Plan for Jackal ...... 26 6.1 Taxonomy ...... 26 6.2 General Description ...... 26 6.3 Physical Structure ...... 26 6.4 Distribution and Habitat ...... 27 6.5 Feeding Habits ...... 27 6.6 Mating Behaviour ...... 27 6.7 Status...... 28 6.8 Human Interaction ...... 28 6.9 Threats & Revival ...... 28 6.10 Specific conservation measures for Indian Jackal ...... 28 7 Conservation Plan for Indian Monitor Lizard ...... 30 ...... 30 7.1 Taxonomy ...... 30 7.2 General Description ...... 30 7.3 Habitat ...... 31 7.4 Physical Characteristics ...... 31 7.5 Behaviour ...... 31 7.6 Food Habit ...... 31 7.7 Conservation Status ...... 32 8 Conservation Plan for Indian Fox ...... 33 8.1 Taxonomy ...... 33 8.2 General Description ...... 33 8.3 Habitat ...... 34 8.4 Reproduction ...... 34 8.5 Food Habit ...... 34 9 Conservation Plan for Jungle Cat ...... 35 9.1 Taxonomy ...... 35 9.2 General Description ...... 35 9.3 Behaviour ...... 36 9.4 Reproduction ...... 36 9.5 Food Habit ...... 37 9.6 Conservation status...... 37 10 Conservation Plan for Common Mongoose ...... 38 10.1 Taxonomy ...... 38 10.2 General Description ...... 38 10.3 Habitat ...... 39 10.4 Physical Characteristics ...... 39 10.5 Behaviour ...... 39 10.6 Food Habit ...... 39 10.7 Conservation Status and Threats ...... 40 11 Conservation Plan for Monkey ...... 41 11.1 Taxonomy ...... 41 11.2 General Description ...... 41 11.3 Habitat ...... 42 11.4 Behaviour and Reproduction ...... 42 11.5 Food Habit ...... 42 11.6 Conservation Status ...... 43 12 Conservation Plan for Langoor ...... 44 12.1 Taxonomy ...... 44 12.2 General Description ...... 44 12.3 Habitat ...... 45 12.4 Food Habit ...... 45 12.5 Behaviour ...... 45 12.6 Threats and Conservation ...... 46 13 Conservation Plan for Indian Krait ...... 47 13.1 Taxonomy ...... 47 13.2 General description ...... 47 13.3 Physical Structure ...... 47 13.4 Distribution and Habitat ...... 48 13.5 Food Habits ...... 48 13.6 Mating Behaviour ...... 48 13.7 Status...... 48 13.8 Human Interaction ...... 49 13.9 Threats ...... 49 13.10 Conservation strategy ...... 49 14 Conservation Plan for Russels Viper ...... 51 14.1 Taxonomy ...... 51 14.2 General Description ...... 51 14.3 Habitat ...... 52 14.4 Behaviour ...... 52 14.5 Reproduction ...... 53 14.6 Food Habit ...... 53 14.7 Threats ...... 53 15 Conservation Plan for Rat Snake ...... 54 15.1 Taxonomy ...... 54 15.2 General Description ...... 54 15.3 Habitat ...... 55 15.4 Food Habits ...... 55 15.5 Conservation Status ...... 55 16 Specific Conservation Measures in consultation with forest department ...... 56 17 Project Budget ...... 57

1 Introduction Spaze Tower is a development industry which has successfully created dynamic and highly sophisticated real estate properties for clients from diverse backgrounds. Spaze have successfully constructed and delivered 11 commercial & retail spaces, 1 IT Park and 4 residential projects. Currently Spaze Tower has engaged Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. as a consultant for Spaze Privy AT4 at Sector-84, Gurgaon, Haryana.

The proposed project is a Group Housing Complex “Spaze Privy AT4” at Village Sihi, Sector- 84, Gurgaon, Haryana, being developed by M/s Spaze Towers Pvt. Ltd. The total plot area of the project site is 42540.72 m2 and Built-up area of 118795.578 m2. The license has been granted by Town and Country Planning vide letter no. 26 of 2011.

The total built-up area of the project is 1,18,795.578 m2 which is less than 1,50,000 m2 thus, it falls under Category B, item 8(a) of EIA Notification, 2006 but in the light of MoEF & CC Notification no. S.O 804 (E) dated 14.03.2017, the project was categorized under Violation category.

The project is proposed with 11 towers, include Dwelling Units, EWS units, Club & Shops. The area of 6362.42 m2 has already been utilized as ground coverage. The FAR achieved is 74446.26 m2. Maximum 1 no. of basement shall be provided. The total Non-FAR achieved is 19290.96 m2. The total green area will be 12762.216 m2. The total built-up is 118795.578 m2. The cost of the Project is 30.88 Crores.

Figure 1 Satellite Imagery

Figure 2 Satellite Image of Spaze Privy AT4 with 10 Km radius

Figure 3 Topographical map of Spaze Privy At-4 1.1 Details of the study area The proposed project is a group housing, Spaze Privy AT4. In the zone of 10 km around the project, Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is located at 8.4 km from the project site, around 19.5 km from the boundary of Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary and around 6.4 km from the Aravallis. There is no perennial water body within the project sites. 1.2 Details of Ecological and Biodiversity Study The study of Ecology and Biodiversity of the Spaze Privy AT4 has been done for the core and buffer area which includes Protected or Reserve forest and a Wildlife Sanctuary. The present status of the ecology has been determined by study of secondary data sources such as publications of Zoological Survey of India, renowned authors, etc., study of maps and satellite images and visit to project site. From details survey of the projects only four schedule I species Pavo cristatus (Indian Peafowl) Panthera pardus (Leopard), Francolinus francolinus (Black Partridge) and Varanus bengalensis (Indian Monitor Lizard) found in Project buffer zone. The following Schedule I and Schedule II species were found in 10 km radius area. As per local DFO office of Gurgaon Region, Haryana. These species have been identified as Schedule I and Schedule II species for which detailed Conservation Plan is Enclosed.

Type Common Name Scientific Name Schedule S. No. Reptiles: 1 Krait Bungarus caeruleus II 2 Indian Cobra Naja naja II 3 Indian monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis I 4 Russell’s Viper vipera russelli II 5 Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa II Mammals: 6 Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta II 7 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii II 8 Leopard Panthera pardus I 9 Jackal Canis aureus II 10 Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis II 11 Jungle Cat Felis chaus II 12 Langoor Presbytis entellus II Aves: 13 Peacock Pavo cristatus I 14 Black Partridge Francolinus francolinus I

The detailed buffer zone species of Flora and Fauna and the core zone species are given below: Table 1: Flora of Buffer Zone (Tree species) S. No. Scientific Name Common Name 1 Acacia arabica Babool 2 Acacia catechu Khair 3 Aegle marmelos Bael 4 Alstonia scholaris Chitwan 5 Azadirachta indica Neem 6 Bauhinia purpurea Kachnar 7 Bombax ceiba Semal 8 Butea monosperma Flame of the forest 9 Butia capitata Butia Palm 10 Callistemon lanceolatus Bottle brush 11 Cassia fistula Amaltas 12 Dalbergia sissoo Shisham 13 Delonix regia Gulmohar 14 Diospyros melanoxylon Tendu 15 Eucalyptus globulus Safeda 16 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Tree 17 Syzigium cumini Jamun 18 Ficus benghalensis Banayan 19 Ficus racemose Goolar 20 Ficus virens Pakhad 21 Ficus religiosa Peepal 22 Kigelia pinnata Balam khir 23 Mangifera indica Aam 24 Pongamia pinnata Karanj 25 Mimusops elengi Maulsari 26 Moringa pterygosperma Drumstick 27 Polyalthia longifolia Pseudo Ashok 28 Prosopis juliflora Vilayti Babool 29 Psidium guajava Amrud 30 Pterospermum acerifolium Kanak champa 31 Tectona grandis Teak 32 Zizyphus jujube Ber

Table 2: Flora in the Buffer Zone (Shrub, Herb and Grass Species) S. No Scientific Name Common Name 1 Bellis perennis Guldavri 2 Borassus flabellifer wine Palm 3 Bougainvillea glabra Bougainvillea 4 Butia capitata Butia Palm 5 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Peacock flower 6 Calotropis gigantea Safed aak 7 Canna indica Indian shot 8 Cassia biflora Dessert Cassia 9 Cestrum nocturnum Raatrani 10 Combretum indicum Rangoon creeper 11 Cycas revoluta Sago palm 12 Cynodon dactylon Doob Grass 13 Dahlia hortensis Dahlia 14 Datura stramonium Safed Dhatura 15 Euphorbia pulcherrima Poinsettia 16 Gardenia jasminoides Cape jasmine 17 Hamelia patens Firebush 18 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis China rose 19 Hippeastrum reginae Amaryllis 20 Nerium oleander Kaner 21 Ocimum basilicum Basil 22 Phoenix palm Date palm 23 Plumeria rubra Frangipani 24 Roystonea regia Royal palm 25 Salvia splendens Scarlet sage 26 Thevetia peruviana Peeli Kaner 27 Thuja occidentalis Arbor vitae

Table 3: Fauna of Buffer Zone

Fauna in the Buffer Zone

Type Common Name Scientific Name Schedule Amphibian: 1 Common Toad Bufo bufo IV 2 Frog Rana tigrina IV Reptiles: 3 Common Indian garden lizard Calotes versicolor IV 4 House lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis - 5 Krait Bungarus caeruleus II 6 Chameleon Chamaeleo calyptratus - 7 Indian Cobra Naja naja II 8 Indian monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis I 9 Russell’s Viper vipera russelli II 10 Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa II Mammals: 11 Five striped palm squirrel Funambulus pennanti IV 12 Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta II 13 Cat Felis catus II 14 Dog Canis lupus familiaris - 15 Cow Bos taurus - 16 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii II 17 Leopard Panthera pardus I 18 Jackal Canis aureus II 19 Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis II 20 Jungle Cat Felis chaus II 21 Langoor Presbytis entellus II Aves: 22 Baya Ploceus philippinus IV 23 Crow Corvus splendens V 24 Parrot Psittacula krameri IV 25 Pigeon Columba livia IV 26 Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus IV 27 Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer IV 28 Maina Acridotheres tristis IV 29 Wood pecker Dendrocopos cathpharius IV 30 Peacock Pavo cristatus I 31 Black Partridge Francolinus francolinus I 32 Black Kite Milvus migrans IV Insects: 33 Butterflies Rhopalocera sp - 34 Wasps Vespa orientalis - 35 Dragonfly Agrian sp - 36 Honey Bee Apis indica - 37 House fly Musca domestica -

ENDANGERED SPECIES There is only three schedule I Species found in buffer zone namely Pavo cristatus (Indian Peafowl), Panthera pardus (Leopard), and Varanus bengalensis (Indian Monitor Lizard). As per the Local DFO Gurgaon, Haryana. State bird of Francolinus francolinus (Black Partridge) is also been in Schedule I. 1.3 Principles of Wildlife Conservation Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the ecosystem and provides stability to different natural processes of nature like rainfall (transpiration from plant), changing of temperature (heat evolution by animals), fertility of soil (making of manure by earthworm). The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters like (landslides, increase in temperature above optimum temperature, acid rain). Wildlife is part of nature which maintain equally distribution of food instead of over use of food by one human. Wildlife management is the application of scientific knowledge and technical skills to protect, conserve, limit, enhance, or create wildlife habitat. Wildlife management also includes implementing laws regulating the use, kinds, and amounts of wildlife, people can harvest. Laws that protect existing habitat are also wildlife management tools. 1.4 Decline of Wildlife Biological evolution on earth is associated with extinction of older species and descent of new species but the disappearance of species from the surface of the earth has speeded up 1000 to 10,000 times as compared to the natural disappearance, due to destructive activities of man. Important reasons for decline of wildlife are: • Habitat loss and degradation, along with behaviours like overhunting, • Hunting and poaching, • Man- animal conflict, • Pollution

2 Conservation Plan of Peafowl (Pavo cristatus)

Picture Courtesy: Praveen Bhargava

The Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) has been an integral part of the people of the India and their culture for centuries. From religion and mythology to civilization and socio-culture, the Indian Peafowl occupies an important place in the lives of the people. In addition to this, the Indian Peafowl is well recognized for its ecological and aesthetical values, and hence aptly declared as the 'National Bird' of India in the year 1963. Since the early 1990s, there have been reports of increasing illegal trade in peafowl feathers, large-scale mortalities due to increased use of insecticides/pesticides in agricultural lands, poaching, and retaliatory killings by people due to alleged crop depredation by peafowl. Several peafowl strong hold areas in the country are now concerned about the current declining status. Peacock which is in schedule-I of the wildlife (protection) Act 1972 is reported in the study area. 2.1 Taxonomy of Peafowl

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves Order Galliformes

Family Phasianidae

Sub family Phasianinae

Genus Pavo

Species cristatus

Vernacular Name Mor or Peacock

2.2 General description Peacock or Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) is a familiar and universally known large pheasant. It is the National bird of Indian. The term “Peacock” is commonly used to refer to birds of both sexes. Technically, males of are Peacock, females are peahens and together they are called peafowl. The male has a spectacular glossy green long tail feathers that may be more than 60 percent of the birds’ total body length. These feathers have blue, golden green and copper coloured a celli (eyes). The long tail feathers are used for mating rituals like courtship displays. The feathers are arched into a magnificent shape across the back of the bird and almost touching on both sides. Females do not have these graceful tail feathers. They have the fan like crest with whitish face and throat, chestnut brown crown and hind neck, metallic green upper breast and mantle, white belly and brown back rump and tail. Their primaries are dark brown. 2.3 Morphology Scientific Name Pavo cristatus

Type Bird

Diet Omnivore

Size (L) 86 cm-107 cm (34in- 42in)

Wing span 120cm-300cm (47in-118in)

Weight 2.7 Kg-6 Kg (6lbs-13.2lbs)

Top speed 16 Km/h (10 mph)

Life span 12-20 years

Lifestyle Solitary

Conservation Status Schedule I (As per Wildlife protection act, 1972) Skin type Feathers

Average clutch size 6 Main Prey Grains, Seeds, Insects

Predators Dogs, Tigers, Wild Cats, Raccoon

Distinctive features Long tail feathers and Colorful tail of Males

2.4 Habitat In the undergrowth in deciduous forests near streams tall trees for roosting. Size for the male tail feathers, its coloration and numbers of eyes determine the don menace of the male in peacock hierarchy. The females are believed to be attracted towards the male with longest and most colorful tail feathers. 2.5 Physical Characteristics The male Indian Peafowl, commonly known as the peacock, is one of the most recognizable birds in the world. The brightly colored Indian peacock birds have a distinctive crest and an unmistaken able ornamental train. The train (1.4-1.6 meters in length) accounts for more than 60% of their total body length (2.3 meters). Combined with a large wingspan (1.4-1.6 meters), this train makes the male peafowl one of the largest flying birds in the world. The train is formed by 100-150 highly specialized upper tail coverts. Each of these feathers sports an eye spot, and has long disintegrated barbs, giving the feathers a loose, fluffy look. When displaying to a female, the peacock bird erects this train into a spectacular fan, presenting the ocelli to their best advantage. Size of the male tail feathers, its coloration and numbers of eyes presents determine the dominance of the male in peacock hierarchy. The females are believed to be attracted towards the male with longest and most colorful tail feathers (Kushwaha & Kumar, 2016). Body length Male 110-230 cm, Female: 85 cm Weight 2750-6000gm Habitat In the undergrowth in deciduous forests near streams and neighborhoods of villages and cultivated country and tall trees for roosting.

2.6 Behaviour Peafowl are gregarious by nature. In the breeding season they are usually seen in small parties of one male three to five females whereas in the non-breeding season they remain in separate parties of adult males and females with juveniles. Peacock roost in tall trees and emerge from the dense thickets to feed in fields and opening in forests fields. Call: Kee-ow, Kee-ow, Ka-an, Ka-an, Ka-an, Kok-kok, Kok-Kok, cain-kok,may-yow calls at dusk and dawn, also loud nasal calls and cackles, very noisy during the rains, when breeding. Nesting: On tall Trees. Breeding: Peak season in southern India is April to May and June in Northern India. Other habits: Male sheds its colorful tail feathers during winters which grow again till autumn. 2.7 Food Habit Peacock are ground feeders. Indian peafowl’s do most of their foraging early in the morning and shortly before sunset. They retreat to the shade and security of the trees for the hottest portion of the day. They make a meal of grains, drupes of wild and some cultivated crops. They can also eat insects, small reptiles and small mammals. 2.8 Conservation and relationship with man The great beauty and popularity of the Indian Peafowl has ensured its protection throughout most of its native ranges. It enjoys the grace of the National Bird od India. The Peafowl is prominent in the mythology and folklore of the Indian people. The Hindus consider the bird to be sacred because of its association with Lord Krishna, who used to wear its feather as crown (Mor Mokut). It is also associated with the God Kartikey, son of the Lord Shiva and Parvati and brother of Lord Ganesha. It is “Vaahan” (transport) of Lord Kartikeya. This long and close association with humans has proven the Peafowl’s adaptability to human altered landscapes. In villages where it is protected, it becomes quite tame, but is very shy and secretive where hunted. Peacock is generally protected by the local people.

2.9 Conservation Measures for Fauna with respect to project proponent

I. Strategy: Will make it an essential component of the project to look after the wellbeing of the animal in its natural habitat.

II. Protection and development of habitat: Will keep vigil on illicit felling and illegal grazing in the nearby area. All other activities which may damage the habitat will be kept on watch.

III. Strategy to enhance food supply: Planting of fruit and berries bearing species in the project area will be carried out. In the core zone, the grain-feeding trays will be provided to get feed along with artificial water body.

IV. Creation of tree groves: It will help the bird provide very good shelter for resting and roosting. The increased number of trees will increase flowering and hence the insects and butterflies which may serve the assured food supply. Plantation will be done with a difference of 100 m from the project boundary.

VI. Awareness strategy: It will be ensured through regular awareness programs and through publicity by way of signage’s, posters, bill distributions, public meetings, announcements, student’s awareness sessions etc. with the help of forest department.

3 Conservation Plan for Leopard (Panthera pardus) 3.1 Taxonomy

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Taxonomical classification of Leopard (Stein, et al., 2016)

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Class Mammalia

Order Carnivora

Suborder Feliformia

Family Felidae

Subfamily Pantherinae

Genus Panthera

Species pardus

3.2 General Description

The leopard (Panthera pardus) is an old-world mammal of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four 'big cats' of the genus Panthera, along with the tiger, lion, and jaguar. Leopards that are melanistic, either all-black or very dark in coloration, are known colloquially as Black Panthers (Jacobson, et al., 2016). 3.3 Habitat

As of 1996, the leopard had the largest distribution of any wild cat, although populations before and since have shown a declining trend and are fragmented outside of sub-Saharan Africa. On the Indian subcontinent, topographical barriers to the dispersal of this subspecies are the Indus River in the west, and the Himalayas in the north. In the east, the lower course of the Brahmaputra and the Ganges Delta form natural barriers to the distribution of the Indochinese leopard. Indian leopards are distributed all over India, in Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and parts of Pakistan. In the Himalayas they are sympatric with snow leopards up to 5,200 meters (17,100 ft) above sea level (Hayward, et al., 2006). 3.4 Biology and Behaviour

Graceful and stealthy, leopards are famous for their ability to go undetected. They are good, agile climbers, but cannot get down from a tree headfirst, because they do not have the ankle flexibility. Along with climbing, they are strong swimmers but not as fond of water as tigers. For example, leopards will not normally lie in water. They are mainly nocturnal but can be seen at any time of day and will even hunt during daytime on overcast days. In regions where they are hunted, nocturnal behaviour is more common. These cats are solitary, avoiding one another. However, three or four are sometimes seen together. Hearing and eyesight are the strongest of these cats' senses and are extremely acute. Olfaction is relied upon as well, but not for hunting. When making a threat, leopards stretch their backs, depress their ribcages between their shoulder blades so they stick out, and lower their heads (similar to domestic cats). During the day they may lie in bush, on rocks, or in a tree with their tails hanging below the treetops and giving them away (Friedmann & Traylor-Holzer, 2008). 3.5 Food Habit

Leopards are opportunistic hunters. Although mid-sized animals are preferred, the leopard will eat anything from dung beetles to 900 kg male giant elands. Their diet consists mostly of ungulates and monkeys, but rodents, reptiles, amphibians, birds and fish are also eaten. In fact, they hunt about 90 different species of animals. The leopard stalks its prey silently and at the last-minute pounces on its prey and strangles its throat with a quick bite. Leopards often hide their kills in dense vegetation or take them up trees, and are capable of carrying animals up to three times their own weight this way. Storing carcasses up trees keeps them away from other predators such as spotted hyenas, jackals, tigers and lions, though the latter will occasionally be successful in climbing and fetching the leopard kills (Balme, Hunter, & Slotow, 2007). 3.6 Reproduction A male may follow a female who catches his attention. Eventually fighting for reproductive rights can take place. Depending on the region, leopards may mate all year round (India and Africa) or seasonally during January to February. The oestrous cycle lasts about 46 days and the female usually is in heat for 6-7 days. Cubs are usually born in a litter of 2-3, but infant mortality is high, and mothers are not commonly seen with more than 1-2 cubs. The pregnant females find a cave, crevice among boulders, hollow tree, or thicket to give birth and make a den. Cubs open their eyes after a period of 10 days. The fur of the young tends to be longer and thicker than that of adults. Their pelage is also greyer in color with less defined spots. Around three months the infants begin to follow the mother out on hunts. At one year of age leopard young can probably fend for themselves but they remain with the mother for 18-24 months (Balme, Hunter, & Slotow, 2007). 3.7 Threats ➢ The Leopard is under threats from various quarters that include the demand for Skin ➢ conflict with habitat degradation. ➢ Habitat degradation and loss - more significantly from conversion of their habitat to ➢ agriculture, habitation and industrial growth. ➢ Hunting and poaching of Leopard for his Skin. ➢ The rapidly growing human population needs more food and timber off the same land. ➢ Grazing by domestic livestock is dramatically increasing as pastoralists sink new waterholes and transport animals by truck to temporary pastures. ➢ Presence of weed such as Prosopis juliflora in habitation of Leopard. The thorns of Prosopis are very strong and cause grave injuries. In several cases, the animals that get wounded by these thorns are not able to travel and hunt and feed themselves, they lose their health and finally die. ➢ Human–leopard conflict: Expansion of agriculturally used land, encroachment of humans and their livestock into protected areas are main factors contributing to habitat loss and decrease of wild prey. As a result, leopards’ approach human settlements, where they are tempted to prey on dogs, pigs and goats -domestic livestock, which constitutes an important part of their diet, if they live on the periphery of human habitations. Human–leopard conflict situations ensue, and have increased in recent years. In retaliation for attacks on livestock, leopards are shot, poisoned and trapped in brutal snares (Swanepoel, et al., 2016) 4 Conservation Plan for Black Patridge 4.1 Taxonomy

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Taxonomical classification of Francolinus francolinus

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Galliformes

Family Phasianidae

Sub-family Perdicinae

Genus Francolinus

Species francolinus

4.2 General Description The black francolin (Francolinus francolinus) is a gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds. It was formerly known as the Black Partridge. It is the state bird of Haryana state, India. The head of the black francolin is curved with brown iris eyes color and unique pattern of brown color crown and the throat color is black. It has a length range of 33 to 36 cm and weight approximate about 453 g (16 oz) and the size of black francolin is 9 to 16 inches. The primary color is black with black breast rufous belly, white spots on flanks and golden-brown spots at the back of body. The flight pattern of black francolin is short, direct flight punctuated by glides with rounded wings, rounded tail narrow black and white bars. 4.3 Habitat Black francolin is found in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Java, Afghanistan, Sumatra and Maldives. There are some fragmented populations in the western parts of the range. The southern edge of its range extends eastwards from Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, and Orissa to Assam. In north it is seldom found above an altitude of 2700 m. Black francolins appear to be found in scrubby habitats with plenty of cultivated crops tall enough to offer shelter and open beneath to provide escape routes and easy travel. They prefer the areas of thick vegetation, usually near water. They are not forest birds but will frequent brush land and wood edges associated with grass land. These birds are secretive, shy and suspicious of humans. They generally found in small groups or in pairs. 4.4 Physical Characteristics The male is black with white patch on the cheek, a chestnut collar and white spots on the flanks. The back and wings are scalloped with shades of golden brown with sub-terminal tawny-buff bands and pale edges. Tail is black with narrow white bars. Legs are reddish-brown to red. Female similar to the male, but is paler, with wider brown bars on the lower back, the white cheek patch is missing and the chestnut collar replaced by a nuchal patch. 4.5 Biology and Behaviour Francolins normally nests in a tall grassland from late March to May. The male may be seen standing on a rock or low tree attracting attention with its extraordinary creaking call. It may be heard all day long in April, during nesting, and less persistently in March and May as well as the summer months. Both parents tend chicks after hatching. Young stay with parents through their first winter. The most likely breeding locations Savanna, Grasslands, Scrub vegetation areas under the cultivated crops. They have a loud call during the breeding season. Males may also become aggressive during the breeding season, make sure there is plenty of cover and escape routes for the hen and it may be necessary to house her separate and allow limited access for breeding only. They are generally monogamous in the wild and it is best to house only pair per aviary. Well planted aviaries with little surrounding traffic would be best for breeding. They are fairly winter hardy, but always provide some shelter during the coldest month breeds from late March to September depending on the range. 4.5.1.1 Flight pattern As the terrestrial birds, the Black Francolin does not like to fly. But is disturbed, it runs or flushes, flying over 300-400 metres in low flight with strong wing-beats alternating with glides, before to run again for reaching the cover. 4.5.1.2 Voice The call of the black francolin, described as a loud ringing klik cheek-cheek- cheerakik or "kik- kik- kik"," kwee- kweeeee- kwee" can be heard in the mornings and evenings and almost all day during the breeding season. 4.5.1.3 Protection/Threats/ Status: The Black Francolin has suffered heavy decline due to trapping and overhunting. The species is also vulnerable to habitat loss. With the ban of hunting, the populations are slowly recovering, but the species is rare in some parts of the range, and common to widespread elsewhere. However, the populations of the Black Francolin are not currently threatened. 4.6 Food Habit The Black Francolin feeds on seeds of grasses, weed and cereal crops. It also takes shoots, leaves and tubers, berries and figs. Some insects and their larvae, and especially termites and ants, are also consumed. It feeds on the ground and occasionally catches amphibians, reptiles, earthworms and spiders.

4.7 Conservation and relationship with Man

I. Strategy: Will make it an essential component of the project to look after the wellbeing of the animal in its natural habitat.

II. Protection and development of habitat: Will keep vigil on illicit felling and illegal grazing in the nearby area. All other activities which may damage the habitat will be kept on watch.

5 Conservation Plan for Indian Cobra 5.1 Taxonomy

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Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Class Reptilia

Order Squamata

Suborder Serpentes

Family Elapidae

Genus Naja

Species N. naja

5.2 Geographical distribution Pakistan, India (throughout most of the country), Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, possibly E. Afghanistan. The Indian cobra is native to the Indian subcontinent which includes present day Nepal, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Srilanka. It can be found in plains, jungles, open fields and the regions heavily populated by people. Its distribution ranges from sea-level up to 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) above sea-level. 5.3 General Description The Indian Cobra's most known characteristic features are the wide black band on the underside of the neck, and the hood marking design which shows half-rings on either side of the hood. It is a smooth-scaled snake with black eyes, a wide neck and head, and a medium- sized body. Its colouring varies from black, to dark brown, to a creamy white. The body is usually covered with a spectacled white or yellow pattern, which sometimes forms ragged bands. The Indian cobra may grow from 1.8m to 2.2m

The Indian Cobra's most known characteristic features are the wide black band on the underside of the neck, and the hood marking design which shows half-rings on either side of the hood. It is a smooth-scaled snake with black eyes, a wide neck and head, and a medium- sized body. Its colouring varies from black, to dark brown, to a creamy white. The body is usually covered with a spectacled white or yellow pattern, which sometimes forms ragged bands. The Indian cobra may grow from 1.8m to 2.2m 5.4 Habitat Indian cobras are found in many habitats but generally prefer open forest edges, fields, and the areas around villages, often with water in the vicinity. They are found anywhere their prey, rats, are abundant. The Indian cobra usually hides in holes in embankments, termite mounds, tree hollows, rock piles, caves, cracks and small mammal dens. 5.5 Physical Characteristics The Indian cobra is a medium sized, heavy bodied snake, with most adult specimens ranging from 3 to 5 ft (1-1,5 m) in length. Although occasionally some very large individuals, grow to more than 7 ft (2m). The Indian cobra head is elliptical in shape, somewhat depressed and only slightly distinct from neck. They have a short and rounded snout with large nostrils. The eyes are medium sized with round pupils. Their body is covered with smooth scales. These markings when present, are formed by 2 circular ocelli connected by a curved line, resembling spectacles. Hence one of the species common names spectacled cobra, contrary to the monocle cobra which has only one circular ocelli.

5.6 Biology and Behaviour The Indian cobra is one of the big four snakes of India, which are the snake species responsible for most of human fatalities by snakebite in India. The Indian cobra venom is highly neurotoxic and contains powerful post-synaptic neurotoxins and cardiotoxins, and other components like enzymes that help the venom to spread into the victim's body. Local symptoms include swelling in the bite area, other general symptoms include weak limbs, eyelid drooping and extreme salivation accompanied by vomiting and sweating. The venom acts by paralyzing muscles, and in the most severe bites it can lead to respiratory failure or cardiac arrest and ultimately to death. Their venom is fast acting with envenomation symptoms manifesting in as little as 15 minutes and up to 2 hours after the bite. The subcutaneous LD50 value in mice, ranges from 0.45 mg/kg to 0.75 mg/kg, with an average venom yield per bite ranging between 170 and 250 mg. Even though Indian cobras are responsible for thousands of bites, if prompt medical treatment and anti-venom are available and administered properly, only about 10% of bites prove to be fatal. But even without treatment and depending on the quantity of venom injected by the snake, studies show a mortality rate of approximately 20 to 30% for untreated bite victims. A polyvalent antivenom serum is used to treat snakebites caused by the Indian cobra. Also, Zedoary, a local spice, reputed for being effective in treating snake bites, is undergoing testing to see its effectiveness against the Indian cobra venom. 5.7 Food Habit The Indian cobra feeds on a variety of animals, but it preys mostly on rodents. Therefore they are sometimes found near human dwellings, entering buildings, climbing on roof tops and trees in search of rodents. They also eat small mammals, birds and bird eggs, frogs, toads, lizards and even snakes including other venomous snakes. The Indian cobra bites quickly, injecting their prey with the highly toxic venom and then just wait until it paralyzes or kills the prey. Just like all other snake species, they swallow their prey whole. 5.8 Conservation/Threats The Indian cobra is not considered an endangered species, but there are some threats to the species. These include killing them out of fear or for human consumption and road kill. The Indian cobra is also the snake used by Indian snake charmers. Its toxic venom is also necessary in the production of antivenom and other research including pain-killers and anti- cancer drugs, some of it harvested illegally in regions of India and other countries within its range. They are also hunted for their skin bearing the distinctive hood markings which is then used in the leather industry. The Indian cobra is one of the many venomous snakes exploited for making traditional Chinese medicines and also snake vine. The species is listed in CITES because it closely resembles other threatened species. The species is also protected in India under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972).

6 Conservation Plan for Jackal 6.1 Taxonomy

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Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Class Mammalia

Order Carnivora

Family Canidae

Genus Canus

Species aureus

Subspecies indicus

6.2 General Description The Indian jackal, also known as the Himalayan jackal is a subspecies of golden jackal.

6.3 Physical Structure Its fur is a mixture of black and white, with buff on the shoulders, ears and legs. The buff colour is more pronounced in specimens from high altitudes. Black hairs predominate on the middle of the back and tail. The belly, chest and the sides of the legs are creamy white, while the face and lower flanks are grizzled with grey fur. It is generally of a richer colour than the common jackal, the pale areas of the back being of a pale buff colour rather than whitish or silver. Black specimens have been reported in Bengal. Adults are slightly larger than common jackals, and grow to a length of 100 cm (39 in), 35–45 cm (14–18 in) in height and 8–11 kg (18–24 lb) in weight (Jerdon, 1867). 6.4 Distribution and Habitat Indian wolf is mainly found in Sikkim, India, Bhutan, Assam, Burma and Nepal. In India it is mainly found in states like Kutch, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Haryana. Indian Jackals are found in the variety of habitats. They are mostly spotted in the semi- desert, evergreen forests, savannas and agricultural areas (Shrestha, 1997). 6.5 Feeding Habits The Indian jackal's omnivorous diet allows it to eat a large range of foods; this diet, together with its tolerance of dry conditions, enables it to live in different habitats. The jackal's long legs and lithe body allow it to trot over great distances in search of food. It is able to go without water for extended periods and has been observed on islands that have no fresh water. They have been known to ascend over 1,000 m (3,300 ft) up the slopes of the Himalayas; they can withstand temperatures as low as −25 °C (−13 °F) and sometimes −35 °C (−31 °F). They are not adapted to snow, and in snow country they must travel along paths made by larger animals or humans. In India, they will occupy the surrounding foothills above arable areas, entering human settlements at night to feed on garbage, and have established themselves around hill stations at 2,000 m (6,600 ft) height above mean sea level.

The Indian jackal is both a predator and a scavenger, and an omnivorous and opportunistic forager with a diet that varies according to its habitat and the season. In Bharatpur, India, over 60% of its diet was measured to consist of rodents, birds, and fruit. In the Kanha Tiger Reserve, 80% of its diet consists of rodents, reptiles and fruit. Vegetable matter forms part of the jackal diet, and in India they feed intensively on the fruits of buckthorn, dogbane, Java plum, and the pods of mesquite and the golden rain tree. The jackal will scavenge off the kills made by the lion, tiger, leopard, dhole, and gray wolf. In some regions of Bangladesh and India, these subsist by scavenging on carrion and garbage, and will cache extra food by burying it. 6.6 Mating Behaviour Indian jackals are monogamous and will remain with the one partner until death. Female jackals have only one breeding cycle each year. Breeding occurs from February to March in India with the mating period lasting up to 26–28 days. Females undergoing their first estrous are often pursued by several males that may quarrel among themselves. Mating results in a copulatory tie that lasts for several minutes, as it does with all other canids. Gestation lasts 63 days, and the timing of the births coincides with the annual abundance of food. In India, the jackal will take over the dens of the Bengal fox and the Indian crested porcupine, and will use abandoned gray wolf dens. Most breeding pairs are spaced well apart and maintain a core territory around their dens. Den excavations commence from late April to May in India, with dens located in scrub areas. Rivulets, gullies, and road and check-dam embankments are prime denning habitats. Drainage pipes and culverts have been used as dens. Dens are 2–3 m (6.6–9.8 ft) long and 0.5–1 m (1.6–3.3 ft) deep, with between 1–3 openings. Young pups can be moved between 2–4 dens. The male helps with digging the den and raising the pups (Lapini, 2003). 6.7 Status The Indian Jackal (Canis aureus indicus), is included in CITES Appendix III, and is listed in the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, under Schedule II (part 2) (MoEF, 1972). 6.8 Human Interaction In the Marwahi forest division of the Chhattisgarh state in eastern India, the jackal is of conservation value and there were no jackal attacks reported before 1997. During 1998–2005 there were 220 reported cases of jackal attacks on humans, although none were fatal. The majority of these attacks occurred in villages, followed by forests and crop fields. Jackals build their dens in the bouldery hillocks that surround flat areas, and these areas have been encroached by human agriculture and settlements. This encroachment has led to habitat fragmentation and the need for jackals to enter agricultural areas and villages in search for food, resulting in conflict with humans. People in this region habitually chase jackals from their villages, which leads to the jackals becoming aggressive. Female jackals with pups respond with an attack more often than lone males (Wozencraft, 2005). 6.9 Threats & Revival While hunting and trapping by humans have played a part in the decline of this subspecies of jackal, the primary factors include drastic loss of habitat, decline in prey populations, acting as harmful pests to domestic animals and increase in human populations within the jackal’s historic ranges.

Some indigenous people of India, such as the Kolis and Vaghirs of Gujarat and Rajasthan and the Narikuravas in Tamil Nadu, hunt and eat golden jackals, but the majority of South Asian cultures consider the animal to be unclean. The orthodox dharma texts forbid the eating of jackals because they have five nails. In the area of the former Soviet Union, jackals are not actively hunted and are usually captured only incidentally during the hunting of other animals by means of traps or shooting during drives (Pocock, 1941). 6.10 Specific conservation measures for Indian Jackal • Awareness: The public shall be informed on a regular basis about species status, management and research and ways to reduce damage. The most influential ways of communication shall be chosen – radio, TV, biggest newspapers and other social media platforms. Seminars for specialists from relevant fields on jackals (large carnivore) conservation news shall be held. • Ban on poaching: Stricter implementation/ penalization for poaching, hunting and illegal trade of jackal products. • Livestock owners will be informed about possible ways of preventing jackal attacks as well as about the risk factors that increase the probability of such attacks. • For surveillance: With the people’s participation some guides will be included from the adjoining villages in the project team which will keep alerting for any unwanted incidences to happen. They will be awarded for such surveillance support activities. • For offending elements: The enforcement authorities will be informed and with their help action will be taken against such elements. • For patrolling of the area: The forest department is expected to patrol the surrounding areas for curbing any prohibited activities. The project team may provide conveyance facilities to these teams on availability.

7 Conservation Plan for Indian Monitor Lizard

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7.1 Taxonomy Taxonomical Classification of Indian monitor lizard (International, 2016) Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Family: Varanidae

Genus: Varanus

Subgenus: Empagusia

Species: V. bengalensis

7.2 General Description Bengal monitors or common Indian monitors (Varanus bengalensis) occur across much of southern Asia. Compared to other varanid lizards, Bengal monitors have a much larger geographic range, where they are considered less restricted both geographically and environmentally. This species is widely distributed from Afghanistan to Java, including southeastern Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, southern Nepal, Bhutan, and China, North and South Vietnam, Laos, and islands in the Strait of Malacca and the Greater Sunda Islands. (Auffenberg, 1994; Pianka, 1995) 7.3 Habitat Unlike other varanid lizards, Bengal monitors have the ability to cope with a broad range of environments, from deserts to rainforests to habitats having seasonally snowy winters. However, generally they are found in areas with continuously warm climates, with mean annual air temperatures of approximately 24 C. Most of southern Asia experiences seasonal monsoons and wind patterns influenced by neighbouring seas and mountains. Thus, precipitation across much of the range for Bengal monitors is highly variable. Some habitat areas are relatively arid, with mean precipitation less than 200 mm per year. Other habitats are considerably more humid, with annual rainfall reaching 2,200 mm per year. The most common tropical forest habitats for Bengal monitors are deciduous, semi-deciduous, evergreen tropical forests, and thorn brush. (Auffenberg, 1994) 7.4 Physical Characteristics Adult Bengal monitors are generally grey or greenish-grey in color, with a ventral pattern of grey to black crossbars from the chin to the tail. These markings are generally darkest in the western parts and lightest in the eastern parts of the geographic range. These ventral markings typically become lighter, and the ground color darker, with age. Thus, adults display a less pronounced, less contrasting pattern than younger Bengal monitors. In the wild, the heaviest recorded male Bengal monitor weighed 7.18 kg, though captive individuals have been reported to reach 10.2 kg. In the wild, males generally weigh 42% more than females. Males of the same snout to vent length (SVL) as females are typically 9.2% heavier. Young Bengal monitors, on average, weigh 0.078 kg. (Auffenberg, 1994) 7.5 Behaviour In the wild, Bengal monitors are almost completely solitary. Much of the daytime is spent in constant movement, searching for food. Bengal monitor are more likely to interact with one another during the peak breading season, when males compete for mates. (Auffenberg, 1994). There are no noted negative impacts of Varanus bengalensis on humans. Bengal monitors are not large enough to attack any livestock nor do they eat any human cultivated crops. They may eat any small mammals that they can easily catch 7.6 Food Habit The diet of Bengal monitors is almost strictly carnivorous. They consume almost anything that is smaller than themselves and that they can easily overpower. They are known to scavenge carcasses of previously felled animals. Their documented observed prey species list is considerable, containing roughly 200 species. Common prey includes: annelids, insects, amphibians, smaller reptiles, birds, small mammals, and eggs. Cannibalism of eggs, hatchlings, and even adults has been noted, although predation on adults is rare. As with most varanids, they swallow prey whole but are also capable of ripping and tearing flesh from larger animals and carcasses. At smaller body sizes for Bengal monitors, various beetles species represent the largest portion of their diet, averaging 52.8%. The second largest component of their diet is made up of orthopteran insects at 9.5%. The remainder of their diet is made up of other insects, crabs, rodents, reptiles, spiders, birds and almost any other animal they can reasonably consume. (Auffenberg, 1994). Primary Diet carnivore eats terrestrial vertebrate’s insectivore eats non-insect arthropods scavenger. Animal Foods birds’ mammals’ amphibians’ reptiles’ carrion insect’s terrestrial non-insect arthropods 7.7 Conservation Status According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Varanus bengalensis is a species of Least Concern. This is based on its wide geographic range. However, there are increasing pressures on the species. They are hunted for their meat, skins, and for use in medicine. Due to expanding human habitation and urbanization, the range threats to their population are likely to increase in the future. (Papenfuss, et al., 2010)

8 Conservation Plan for Indian Fox

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8.1 Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Sub phylum Vertebrata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Canidae

Genus: Vulpes

Species: bengalensis

8.2 General Description Vulpes bengalensis is a relatively small fox with an elongated muzzle, long, pointed ears, and a bushy tail about 50 to 60% of the length of the head and body. Its dorsal pelage is very variable, but mostly grayish and paler ventrally; its legs tend to be brownish or rufous. It is more daintily built than Vulpes vulpes. The tail is bushy with a prominent black tip which distinguishes it from V. vulpes. Back of ears are dark brown with black margin. Its rhinarium is naked and the lips are black, with small black hair patches on upper part of nuzzle (shaft) in front of eyes. The ears have the same colour as the nape or maybe darker, but not having a dark patch as in V. vulpes. Extensive variation in coat colour exists across populations and seasonally within populations, but generally varies from grey to pale brown. The head and body length is 18 in (46 cm), with a 10 in (25 cm) long tail. Typical weight is 5 to 9 pounds (2.3 to 4.1 kg).

Foxes make a wide range of vocalizations. A chattering cry is the most common call. They also growl, whine, whimper, and bark. The Bengal fox does not appear to have latrine behaviour, a feature seen in some social canids, in which all members defecate at specific spots. They can be heard howling in the night in groups. 8.3 Habitat Bengal foxes are mainly crepuscular in their habits. During the heat of the day, they hide under vegetation or in subterranean dens that they dig. The dens are large and complex with multiple chambers and escape routes. They are sometimes seen basking at a vantage point around sunrise or sunset. In captivity, the lifespan is about 6 to 8 years. 8.4 Reproduction The Bengal fox forms pair bonds that may last a lifetime, but extra-pair copulations are known to occur. Throughout most of its range, the mating season starts in autumn (usually October– November) and after a gestation period around 50–60 days, two to four pups are born in a den. Both parents participate in pup-rearing. The pups are fully weaned about 3–4 months after emerging from the den. Pup mortality is high during the first few months. Pups may sometimes be nursed by multiple females. During the day, they tend to rest under shrubs and bushes, except in summer when they rest in dens. 8.5 Food Habit Indian foxes were observed to feed on a wide variety of prey items. Arthropods were the most frequently occurring prey in their diet. IRI scores were highest for the group Coleoptera and Orthoptera followed by rodents, termites, Ziziphus fruits and spiny tailed lizards (Uromastyx hardwickii). IRI scores for rodents were higher for pups, differing significantly from proportions present in adult diet, thus indicating that they are crucial food items for the young ones. Prey proportions in the fox diet differed between the two habitats in the study area (grassland and scrubland).

9 Conservation Plan for Jungle Cat

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9.1 Taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Suborder: Feliformia

Family: Felidae

Subfamily: Felinae

Genus: Felis

Species: F. chaus

9.2 General Description The jungle cat (Felis chaus), also called reed cat and swamp cat, is a medium-sized cat native to the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia and southern China. It inhabits foremost wetlands like swamps, littoral and riparian areas with dense vegetation. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, and is mainly threatened by destruction of wetlands, trapping and poisoning

The jungle cat has a uniformly sandy, reddish-brown or grey fur without spots; melanistic and albino individuals are also known. It is solitary in nature, except during the mating season and mother-kitten families. Adults maintain territories by urine spraying and scent marking. Its preferred prey is small mammals and birds. It hunts by stalking its prey, followed by a sprint or a leap; the ears help in pinpointing the location of prey. Both sexes become sexually mature by the time they are one year old; females enter oestrus from January to March. Mating behaviour is similar to that in the domestic cat: the male pursues the female in oestrus, seizes her by the nape of her neck and mounts her. Gestation lasts nearly two months. Births take place between December and June, though this might vary geographically. Kittens begin to catch their own prey at around six months and leave the mother after eight or nine months.

The jungle cat is a medium-sized, long-legged cat, and the largest of the extant Felis species. The head-and-body length is typically between 59 and 76 cm (23 and 30 in). This cat stands nearly 36 cm (14 in) at shoulder and weighs 2–16 kg (4.4–35.3 lb). Its body size decreases from west (Israel) to east (India); this was attributed to greater competition from small cats in the east; body size shows a similar decrease from the northern latitudes toward the tropics. Sexually dimorphic, females tend to be smaller and lighter than males. The face is long and narrow, with a white muzzle. The large, pointed ears, 4.5–8 cm (1.8–3.1 in) in length and reddish brown on the back, are set close together; a small tuft of black hairs, nearly 15 mm (0.59 in) long, emerges from the tip of both ears. The eyes have yellow irides and elliptical pupils; white lines can be seen around the eye. Dark lines run from the corner of the eyes down the sides of the nose and a dark patch marks the nose. The skull is fairly broad in the region of the zygomatic arch; hence the head of this cat appears relatively rounder

A habitat generalist, the jungle cat inhabits places with adequate water and dense vegetation, such as swamps, wetlands, littoral and riparian areas, grasslands and shrub. It is common in agricultural lands, such as fields of bean and sugarcane, across its range, and has often been sighted near human settlements. As reeds and tall grasses are typical of its habitat, it is known as "reed cat" or "swamp cat". It can thrive even in areas of sparse vegetation, but does not adapt well to cold climates and is rare in areas where snowfall is common. Historical records indicate that it occurs up to elevations of 2,310 m (7,580 ft) in the Himalayas. It shuns rainforests and woodlands 9.3 Behaviour The jungle cat is typically diurnal and hunts throughout the day. Its activity tends to decrease during the hot noon hours. It rests in burrows, grass thickets and scrubs. It often sunbathes on winter days. Jungle cats have been estimated to walk 3–6 kilometres (1.9–3.7 mi) at night, although this likely varies depending on the availability of prey. The behaviour of the jungle cat has not been extensively studied. Solitary in nature, it does not associate with conspecifics, except in the mating season. The only prominent interaction is the mother- kitten bond. Territories are maintained by urine spraying and scent marking; some males have been observed rubbing their cheeks on objects to mark them 9.4 Reproduction Both sexes become sexually mature by the time they are one year old. Females enter oestrus lasting for about five days, from January to March. In males, spermatogenesis occurs mainly in February and March. In southern Turkmenistan, mating occurs from January to early February. The mating season is marked by noisy fights among males for dominance. Mating behaviour is like that in the domestic cat: the male pursues the female in oestrus, seizes her by the nape of her neck and mounts her. Vocalisations and flehmen are prominent during courtship. After a successful copulation, the female gives out a loud cry and reacts with aversion towards her partner. The pair then separate. 9.5 Food Habit Jungle cats primarily prey on animals that weigh less than 1 kg and commonly consume rodents, lizards, snakes, frogs, birds, hare, fish, insects, livestock, and even fruit during the winter. Rodents are its primary prey item, however, which provides up to 70% of its daily energy intake. Although they specialize on small prey, jungle cats have been known to kill wild pigs (Sus scrofa) and chital fawns (Axis axis). (Baker, et al., 2003; Duckworth, et al., 2008; Mukherjee, et al., 2004; Mukherjee, 2008)

Primary Diet: carnivore eats terrestrial vertebrates

Animal Foods: birds mammals amphibians reptiles fish insects

Plant Foods: fruit 9.6 Conservation status Habitat destruction and persecution by humans are the main threats to jungle cats. As the human population increases, more land is cultivated and jungle cats' natural habitat is converted to farmland. Although they are very adaptable, these altered environments do not support the same density of cats. In addition, farmers often hunt and poison jungle cats for attacking and killing poultry and are also poached for their fur. Although laws have been implemented to protect them, illegal trade still continues in many countries. For example, over the last decade more than 3,000 jungle cat skins have been seized across the globe. Currently, jungle cats are considered as a species of "least concern" by the IUCN, however, population numbers are currently declining. (Mukherjee, 2008; Ogurlu, et al., 2010; Sunquist and Sunquist, 2002).

Jungle cats feed primarily on rodents, which provide up to 70% of the cats daily energy intake. They are often spotted hunting near villages and farms where rodent populations tend to be higher and are sometimes viewed as pests themselves. (Mukherjee, 2008).

Positive Impacts body parts are source of valuable material controls pest population

Jungle cats can negatively impact poultry farm owners. As a result, jungle cats are often hunted and poisoned by farmers for attacking poultry. (Mukherjee, 2008; Ogurlu, et al., 2010; Sunquist and Sunquist, 2002).

10 Conservation Plan for Common Mongoose

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10.1 Taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Suborder: Feliformia

Family: Herpestidae

Genus Herpestes

Species edwardsi

10.2 General Description The Indian grey mongoose has tawny grey or iron grey fur, which is more grizzled and stiffer and coarser than that of other mongooses. The ruddiness of the coat varies in different subspecies, but it is described as appearing more grey than other mongooses. The grizzled appearance comes from the individual hairs being ringed by creamy-white and black. The legs are brown and darker than the body. The hair around the muzzle and eyes is also brown but with a stronger rusty red colouring. The tail is bushy, whilst the tip of the tail, if coloured, is pale yellow or white.

The Indian grey mongoose is omnivorous, though most of its diet is made up from live prey it catches from being an opportunistic hunter, with mice, rats, lizards, snakes, and beetles making up the bulk. Also eaten are ground birds, their eggs, grasshoppers, scorpions, centipedes, frogs, crabs, fish, and parts of plants: fruits, berries, and roots, as well as larger prey including hares and egrets. It kills prey by delivering a bite to the neck or head

The lifespan of the Indian grey mongoose is seven years in the wild, or 12 years, when in captivity 10.3 Habitat They appear to be able to occupy a wide variety of habitats but preferring open types. These include grasslands, open areas, rocky patches, scrub, semi-desert, cultivated fields and other disturbed areas, areas of thickets, bushy vegetation, dry secondary forest, thorn forest, forest edges, and also near human settlement. 10.4 Physical Characteristics All species of mongoose are long and thin, somewhat similar to weasels, with short legs and pointed snouts. The smallest species of African mongoose -- the dwarf mongoose -- is just 7 inches in length, while the Egyptian mongoose is the largest at nearly 2 feet. Their tails are long as well, measuring from 6 to 21 inches. A mongoose’s fur coloration also varies by species, with some solid brown or gray and some with stripes on their bodies, like the banded mongoose, or tails, like the Malagasy ring-tailed mongoose. 10.5 Behaviour Some species of mongoose, such as the meerkat and the banded mongoose, live in large social groups of up to 30 or 40 individuals. These mongooses use social behaviors and hierarchies to breed, defend themselves and improve their hunting capacity. Other mongooses, like the Egyptian and Malagasy ring-tailed, live in pairs, small families or alone. All mongooses are known to be creative in hunting prey, and many are quite bold. 10.6 Food Habit For their diminutive size, mongooses are hearty predators with creative, often bold, hunting skills. Most species eat rodents, reptiles and frogs, birds and insects, and some will supplement their primarily carnivorous diet with fruit or other plant material. The dwarf mongoose, with its particularly small size, eats primarily insects and spiders, while larger species, like the Egyptian mongoose, subsist on bigger prey including birds and mammals. Though mongooses are famously known to attack venomous snakes, such attacks are defensive and such snakes are not typically part of the mongoose diet. 10.7 Conservation Status and Threats According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), most mongoose species are listed as threatened, but not extinct.

Ironically, in the 1800s mongooses were introduced to Hawaii and the West Indies to control rodent populations at sugarcane plantations. This introduction in turn caused many species of birds and other animals to almost become extinct. In fact, the small Asian mongoose is listed as one of the world's 100 worst invasive alien species.

There are no major threats to this species. Slender Mongooses are locally used as bushmeat and in traditional medicine. Although wildlife ranching and the private sector have possibly had a positive effect on this species due to the conservation and connection of suitable habitats, this small carnivore may be accidentally caught as bycatch in predator and rodent control programmes using poisons. It is however unlikely that these consumptive uses and accidental mortalities have a substantial effect on the population.

11 Conservation Plan for Monkey

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11.1 Taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorhini

Family: Cercopithecidae

Genus Macaca

Species mulatta

11.2 General Description The rhesus macaque is brown or grey in color and has a pink face, which is bereft of fur. Its tail is of medium length and averages between 20.7 and 22.9 cm (8.1 and 9.0 in). Adult males measure about 53 cm (21 in) on average and weigh about 7.7 kg (17 lb). Females are smaller, averaging 47 cm (19 in) in length and 5.3 kg (12 lb) in weight. Rhesus macaques have, on average, 50 vertebrae. Their ratio of arm length to leg length is 89%. They have dorsal scapulae and a wide rib cage.

11.3 Habitat Macaca mulatta lives in a wide range of habitats and shows a great deal of adaptability. Some populations live in flatlands, while others, in northern India and Pakistan, live in the Himalayas at elevations up to 3,000 m. These primates are able to aclimate to a variety of climatic extremes, from the hot, dry temperatures found in deserts, to cold winter temperatures which fall to well below the freezing point.

In addition to living in the wilderness, some populations of M. mulatta have become accustomed to living alongside humans. Occasionally, small groups can be found living in the densely populated urban areas of northern India. Groups of rhesus monkeys that become used to living in areas occupied by people usually search out other human-populated areas if people attempt to relocate them away from civilization. 11.4 Behaviour and Reproduction Macaca mulatta lives in a wide range of habitats, and shows a great deal of adaptability. Some populations live in flatlands, while others, in northern India and Pakistan, live in the Himalayas at elevations up to 3,000 m. These primates are able to aclimate to a variety of climatic extremes, from the hot, dry temperatures found in deserts, to cold winter temperatures which fall to well below the freezing point.

Rhesus monkeys are highly active and very loud. They enjoy being in water and are good swimmers. They live in groups of up to two hundred individuals. When a group's size reaches 80 to 100 members, a subgroup of females may split off to form a new group. Populations generally consist of a few unrelated males and many closely related females. Sometimes small groups form that consist of only males. Males usually leave the group in which they were born shortly after they reach sexual maturity. 11.5 Food Habit The dietary habits of rhesus monkeys can vary greatly depending upon where they live. Macaca mulatta is omnivorous, and often eat roots, herbs, fruits, insects, crops, and small animals. The diet can also vary with the season. For example, rhesus that live in the mountain forests of northern Pakistan feed primarily on clovers during the summer, but during winter when snow covers the ground they are forced to switch to foods with lower nutritional values and higher fiber contents, such as pine needles and oak leaves. These monkeys seem to choose their environments carefully with respect to food resources. Even when they are forced to switch to lower quality food sources during the winter months, they do not exhibit higher mortality rates, although they may lose a considerable percentage of their body weight. 11.6 Conservation Status IUCN considers this species Lower risk/ near threatened.

12 Conservation Plan for Langoor

12.1 Taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorhini

Infraorder: Simiiformes

Family: Cercopithecidae

Subfamily: Colobinae

Genus: Semnopithecus

12.2 General Description Gray langurs, sacred langurs, Indian langurs or Hanuman langurs are a group of Old-World monkeys native to the Indian subcontinent constituting the entirety of the genus Semnopithecus. Gray langurs are fairly terrestrial, inhabiting forest, open lightly wooded habitats, and urban areas on the Indian subcontinent. Most species are found at low to moderate altitudes, but the Nepal gray langur and Kashmir gray langur occur up to 4,000 m (13,000 ft) in the Himalayas.

In one-male groups, the resident male is usually the sole breeder of the females and sires all the young. In multiple-male groups, the highest-ranking male fathers most of the offspring, followed by the next-ranking males and even outside males will father young. Higher-ranking females are more reproductively successful than lower-ranking ones Female gray langurs do not make it obvious that they are in estrous. However, males are still somehow able to deduce the reproduction state of females. Females signal that they are ready to mate by shuddering the head, lowering the tail, and presenting their anogenital regions. Such solicitations do not always lead to copulation. When langurs mate, they are sometimes disrupted by other group members Females have even been recorded mounting other females. 12.3 Habitat The Southern Plains Grey Langur is primarily herbivorous and feeds on a wide range of plant matter, from leaves, fruit, shoots, roots, grass, bamboo, ferns, coniferous needles and cones, mosses and lichen. This means they do not live in specialised habitats, and can be found at various altitudes in tropical rainforest, dry deciduous forest, sacred groves, gardens and open scrub. 12.4 Food Habit Gray langurs are primarily herbivores. However, unlike some other colobines they do not depend on leaves and leaf buds of herbs, but will also eat coniferous needles and cones, fruits and fruit buds, evergreen petioles, shoots and roots, seeds, grass, bamboo, fern rhizomes, mosses, and lichens. Leaves of trees and shrubs rank at the top of preferred food, followed by herbs and grasses. Non-plant material consumed include spider webs, termite mounds and insect larvae. They forage on agricultural crops and other human foods, and even accept handouts. Although they occasionally drink, langurs get most of their water from the moisture in their food 12.5 Behaviour Langur groups tend to be small, with around 7 to 15 members, including a dominate male and three or more females and their young. In some cases you can find monogamous pairs. A typical group embraces a territory of 35 to 40 hectares. Males not in a group may form all male groups. Many langur and Asian colobine monkeys form territorial groups of related females (natal groups) who appear to safeguard availability to resources and allow preferential access to a single male, but usually for no more than two years. Dominate male changes are followed by bouts of infanticide in which the new male methodically kills all unweaned infants in the group and mates with females ensure their offspring carry his genes not those of his rival. This behavior was first noted among Hanuman langurs but occurs among other species as well. Curiously, many langur infants are born with an orange natal coat that contrasts with that of other monkey changes to adult coloration after a few months. This feature would seem to help new males target their victims. Langurs make a noise that sounds like a "staccato cough" when they are angry or spot a tiger. When langurs drink at water holes, there is often a scout in a tree that keeps an eyes for tigers and other predators. 12.6 Threats and Conservation Grey Langurs are under protective laws in India which forbid people from killing or capturing them, but lack of awareness and enforcement means these langurs are often kept as pets, for roadside performances, for religious purposes by Hindu priests. Additionally, they are also occasionally hunted for food and medicinal purposes, and certain parts of their bodies are used as lucky amulets.

Although they are considered less aggressive than other primates, they are occasionally persecuted for their crop-raiding and food-stealing behaviours, especially in towns and cities. The populations living in urban habitats are also subject to accidental mortality on roads.

Their biggest threat is considered to be logging, agriculture and slash-and-burn (jhum) practices which are encroaching on natural forest habitats. However, as Southern Plains Grey Langurs have successfully adapted to urban habitats and are common in their widely distributed range, they are listed as Least Concern by IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

13 Conservation Plan for Indian Krait

Google Image

13.1 Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Class Reptilia

Order Squamata

Family Elapidae

Genus Bungarus

Species caerulus

13.2 General description The Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) or also known as Indian Krait is a venomous snake and a member of the big four that is responsible for maximum human deaths across India (Dutta, 1995) 13.3 Physical Structure The average length is 0.9 m (3.0 ft), but they can grow to 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in). Males are longer, with proportionately longer tails. The head is flat and the neck hardly evident. The body is cylindrical, tapering towards the tail. The tail is short and rounded. The eyes are rather small, with rounded pupils, indistinguishable in life. The head shields are normal, with no loreals; four shields occur along the margin of the lower lip; the third and fourth supraoculars touch the eye. The scales are highly polished, in 15-17 rows; the vertebral row is distinctly enlarged and hexagonal. Ventrals number 185-225 and caudals 37-50 (Chandra, 2005).

Colouration is generally black or bluish black, with about 40 thin, white crossbars which may be indistinct or absent anteriorly. The pattern, however, is complete and well defined in the young, which are marked with conspicuous crossbars even anteriorly; in old individuals, the narrow white lines may be found as a series of connected spots, with a prominent spot on the vertebral region. A white preocular spot may be present; the upper lips and the belly are white (Sawai, 1998). 13.4 Distribution and Habitat This species is found in main Peninsular India from Sindh (Pakistan), to the West Bengal plains. It occurs throughout South India and Sri Lanka at elevations up to about 1600 m. It is also recorded from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal (Slowinski, 1994).

Its range comprises a wide variety of habitats. It is found in fields and low scrub jungle, as well as inhabited areas. It is known to take up residence in termite mounds, brick piles, rat holes, even inside houses. It is frequently found in water or in proximity to a water source. Nocturnal in nature, it is alert and active after dusk until early morning. During the day it is found generally resting inside rodent burrows, termite hills and brick and rubble piles (Sharma, 2013). 13.5 Food Habits Found in farms and gardens, the Common Krait is cannibalistic in nature and also preys on other snakes. The common krait feeds primarily on other snakes, including: "blind worms" and cannibalizes on other kraits, including the young. It also feeds on small mammals (such as rats, and mice), lizards and frogs. The young are known to eat arthropods (Castoe, 2007). 13.6 Mating Behaviour The Common Krait breeding season begins with summer this is an oviparous snake, meaning females lay eggs. Like some other snake species, male combat has been observed normally during spring and summer months. Females will lay a clutch of 8 to 12 eggs in mounds, holes, and in leaf litter from March to July. The eggs will hatch in about 60 days usually coinciding with the start of monsoon season, during the incubation period the female stays with the eggs. At birth, the hatchlings are about 25 to 27cm long and look similar to adults (Whitaker,1978). 13.7 Status The Indian Krait (Bungarus caerulus) has not been accessed yet by IUCN but is listed in the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, under Schedule IV (MoEF, 1972). 13.8 Human Interaction Rodents, lizards and frogs are depredated by the krait. It has been reported that Indian rock krait feeds on these indiscriminately, but seem to prefer other snakes. Most of the depredations occurred on the roads and agricultural fields because people preferred to kill the poisonous snake out of fear or did not see the snake move by in the night (Murthy, 2010).

The loss of habitat of Indian krait due to deforestation leads towards the great economic loss to the local community as well as to the forest ecosystems. Some people were also in the favor of the kraits as it eats the other poisonous snakes. They thought that the pythons were not dangerous to humans and should not be removed. Others thought they were dangerous so either should be killed or taken into laboratories for anti-venom production purposes or else should be eaten/ skin should be sold off (Murthy, 1990). 13.9 Threats The major threats to the species include indiscriminate killing due to fear of this highly venomous snake and also deforestation. They are very often victims of road kill, while in many parts of their range they are exploited for their meat and skin. Their venom regarded as medically useful is traded and high in demand and price (Ganesh,2010). 13.10 Conservation strategy Specific conservation measures for Indian Krait

• Awareness: The public shall be informed on a regular basis about species status, management and research and ways to reduce damage. The most influential ways of communication shall be chosen – radio, TV, biggest newspapers and other social media platforms. Seminars for specialists from relevant fields on snakes conservation news shall be held. • Ban on poaching: Stricter implementation/ penalization for poaching, hunting and illegal trade of snake products. • Encouragement of afforestation activities to prevent habitat loss • For surveillance: With the people’s participation some guides will be included from the adjoining villages in the project team which will keep alerting for any unwanted incidences to happen. They will be awarded for such surveillance support activities. • For offending elements: The enforcement authorities will be informed and with their help action will be taken against such elements. • For patrolling of the area: The forest department is expected to patrol the surrounding areas for curbing any prohibited activities. The project team may provide conveyance facilities to these teams on availability. • Hunting of Common Krait for their skin should be completely prohibited with the help of local people and Forest Department Officers. • Provision of better lighting at highways and roads to avoid road kills.

14 Conservation Plan for Russels Viper

Google image 14.1 Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Order Squamata Family Viperidae Genus Viper Species russelii

14.2 General Description V. russelii can grow to a maximum length (body + tail) of 166 cm (5.5 ft) and averages about 120 cm (4 ft) on mainland Asian populations. Island populations may be slightly smaller on average. It is slenderer than most vipers. Ditmars (1937) reported the following dimensions for a "fair-sized adult specimen".

Total length 4 ft., 1 inch 124 cm Length of tail 7 inches 18 cm Girth 6 inches 15 cm Width of head 2 inches 5 cm Length of head 2 inches 5 cm

The head is flattened, triangular, and distinct from the neck. The snout is blunt, rounded, and raised. The nostrils are large, each in the middle of a large, single nasal scale. The lower edge of the nasal scale touches the naso rostral scale. The supra nasal scale has a strong crescent shape and separates the nasal from the naso rostral scale anteriorly. The rostral scale is as broad as it is high. The crown of the head is covered with irregular, strongly fragmented scales. The supra ocular scales are narrow, single, and separated by six to nine scales across the head. The eyes are large, flecked with yellow or gold, and surrounded by 10–15 circumorbital scales. The snake has 10–12 supra labials, the fourth and fifth of which are significantly larger. The eye is separated from the supra labials by three or four rows of sub oculars. Of the two pairs of chin shields, the front pair is notably enlarged. The two maxillary bones support at least two and at the most five or six pairs of fangs at a time: the first are active and the rest replacements. The fangs attain a length of 16.5 mm (0.65 in) in the average specimen.

The body is stout, the cross-section of which is rounded to circular. The dorsal scales are strongly keeled; only the lowest row is smooth. Mid-body, the dorsal scales number 27–33. The ventral scales number 153–180. The anal plate is not divided. The tail is short — about 14% of the total length — with the paired subcaudals numbering 41–68. 14.3 Habitat

V. russelii is not restricted to any particular habitat, but does tend to avoid dense forests. The snake is mostly found in open, grassy or bushy areas, but may also be found in second growth forests (scrub jungles), on forested plantations and farmland. It is most common in plains, coastal lowlands, and hills of suitable habitat. Generally, it is not found at altitude, but has been reported as far up as 2300–3000 m (7,500-9,800 ft). Humid environments, such as marshes, swamps, and rain forests, are avoided.

This species is often found in highly urbanized areas and settlements in the countryside, the attraction being the rodent’s commensal with man. As a result, those working outside in these areas are most at risk of being bitten. V. russelii does not associate as closely with human habitation as Naja and Bungarus species (cobras and kraits). 14.4 Behaviour V. russelii is terrestrial and active primarily as a nocturnal forager. However, during cool weather, it alters its behaviour and becomes more active during the day.

Adults are reported to be slow and sluggish unless pushed beyond a certain limit, after which they can become very aggressive. Juveniles, though, are generally more nervous.

When threatened, they form a series of S-loops, raise the first third of the body, and produce a hiss that is supposedly louder than that of any other snake. When striking from this position, they can exert so much force that even a large individual can lift most of its body off the ground in the process. These snakes are strong and may react violently to being picked up. The bite may be a snap, or they may hang on for many seconds.

Although this genus does not have the heat-sensitive pit organs common to the Crotalinae, it is one of a number of viperines that are apparently able to react to thermal cues, further supporting the notion that they, too, possess a heat-sensitive organ. The identity of this sensor is not certain, but the nerve endings in the supra nasal sac of these snakes resemble those found in other heat-sensitive organs 14.5 Reproduction V. russelii is oviparous. Mating generally occurs early in the year, although pregnant females may be found at any time. The gestation period is more than six months. Young are produced from May to November, but mostly in June and July. It is a prolific breeder. Litters of 20–40 are common, although fewer offspring may occur, as few as one. The reported maximum is 75 in a single litter. At birth, juveniles are 215–260 mm (8.5–10.2 in) in total length. The minimum total length for a gravid female is about 100 cm (39 in). It seems that sexual maturity is achieved in 2–3 years. In one case, it took a specimen nearly 4.5 hours to give birth to 11 young. 14.6 Food Habit Found both in plains and moderate elevation up to approximately 4800ft; more common in plains. Distributed in variety of forests including rainforest, mixed, dry, moist deciduous forest, scrub lands, grassland, wetland etc. Habitat includes dry open lands, agricultural fields, open country, scrubs having low bushes, rocky terrain having mounds & vegetation etc. Hides in mounds, holes, piles, caves, cracks, dense leaf litters, dense vegetation etc.

14.7 Threats Road kill mortality, killing due to its venom potency and aggression on encounter with humans on field are two most commonly known threats. Illegal venom trade for various use including medical and research use is regularly noticed in parts of its range. In many parts of country it is exploited for skin and edible use. The species is listed as "Least Concern" by IUCN, as it's highly adaptable and widespread and abundant in human-modified habitats.

15 Conservation Plan for Rat Snake

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15.1 Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Reptilia Order Squamata Suborder Serpentes Family Colubridae

15.2 General Description In general, the dorsum of the Oriental Rat Snake is described as yellowish, greyish, olive to brown, posteriorly with black bands. The labial scales, chin and throat are whitish and framed black. The belly is whitish to yellowish or greenish. The posterior ventrals and subcaudals are edged black or show a black fleck resulting in a dotted row along the ventrals. In juveniles, the anterior body shows light pigmented bands or cross-bars on an overall faintly olive coloured body. Juveniles in at least parts of the range show a distinct, bright green colour.

Dhamans, though harmless to humans, are fast-moving, excitable snakes. In captivity individuals remain highly territorial and may continue to defend their turf aggressively, attempting to startle or strike at passing objects. Dhamans are diurnal and semiarboreal. They inhabit forest floors, wetlands, rice paddies, farmland, and suburban areas where they prey upon small reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Adults, unusually for a colubrid, prefer to subdue their prey by sitting on it rather than by constricting, using body weight to weaken prey. 15.3 Habitat Rat snakes occupy a wide variety of habitats including rocky timbered hills, hardwood forests, river floodplains and swamp margins. They are commonly found in abandoned buildings and barns and are often the most common large snake in suburban areas. 15.4 Food Habits Adult rat snakes primarily eat mice, rats, squirrels, and birds, as well as bird eggs. They are a common predator on wood duck eggs. Juveniles eat small frogs, lizards, and small rodents. Rat snakes are constrictors, and adept climbers that can scale brick walls as well as tree trunks. When frightened they often assume a “kinked” posture and remain motionless. They will vibrate the tail and expel malodorous musk. 15.5 Conservation Status Rat snakes are very common in the Southeast and are not protected throughout most of it.

16 Specific Conservation Measures in consultation with forest department

a) Plantation details and programs: Preferred roosting trees for the peacocks are Azadirachta indica, Prosopis juliflora, Albizia lebeck, Dalbergia sissoo, Mimusops elengi etc. The plantation of these trees would be specifically taken up in the Green belt area of the Project with consultation with forest department. b) Small earthen material lined water tanks will be created in the Core-zone Green area as well as select areas in the Buffer Zone to make sure availability of clean drinking water to the species. The availability of clean water will ensure a permanent stay of species in these areas. c) Awareness program: It will be ensured through regular awareness programs and through publicity by way of signages, posters, bill distributions, public meetings, announcements, student’s awareness sessions etc. d) Litter burning will be discouraged strictly. Litter burning practices destroy feeding material and removes the cover and nesting materials necessary for shelter and protection from predators. e) Dogs movement in the proposed project area will be controlled. Dogs have a detrimental effect on peafowl’s nesting and roaming behaviour. Dogs also lead to hardening the soil by decreasing the vegetation of the area through continuous roaming and sitting at the same place, thereby making a search for food more difficult for the species.

17 Project Budget The Proponent has proposed a sum of Rs 21 Lacs for conservation of species under the following heads. The estimates are prepared for the project area in which many activities are common to all the species as mentioned in the relevant places in the estimates. The total financial plan is also specifically mentioned in the table below:

Table 8: Budget for conservation

S. No. Component Provision in Lac

Plantation of suitable species in the buffer area so that the 1 2 wild animals can reside with the forest

Purchase and donation of rescue and rehabilitation vehicle 2 8 to Forest Department

Awareness generation like in schools, setting up of 3 5 interpretation zones, etc for next five years.

Construction of Khelis/ Water Holes in the surroundings 4 3 buffer area and regular filling of water

Purchase and donation of night camera trap, GPS, etc to 5 3 Forest Department

Total 21 Lacs

Year wise funds to be submitted by the user agency to Divisional Wildlife Officer, Gurugram

Years 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Amounts in Lacs 6 5 4 3 3

ANNEXURE- Term of References

F. No. 23-32/2018-IA-III Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Impact Assessment Division)

Indira ParyavaranBhawan Jor Bagh Road, New Delhi - 3

Date: April, 2018 To, Shri Dhiraj Malik, M/s Spaze Towers Pvt. Ltd., Spazedge Commercial Complex, Sector - 47, Sohna Road, Gurgaon - 122002.

[Phone no.: 95124-4615999, Email: [email protected]]

Subject: Group housing project 'Spaze Privy AT-4' at Village Sihi, Sector - 84, Gurgaon (Haryana) by M/s Spaze Towers Pvt. Ltd. - Terms of Reference - reg.

Sir, This refers to the proposal No. IA/HR/NCP/64527/2018 (withdrawn later and re- applied vide application no. IA/HR/NCP/72991/2018) submitted along with the details in prescribed Form-1 for consideration in terms of the provisions of this Ministry's Notification S.0.804 (E) dated 14th March, 2017 and for prescribing terms of reference (ToRs) accordingly.

2. The project involves construction of residential complex `Spaze Privy AT-4' with total built-up area of 118795.578 sqm on a total plot area of 42540.72 sqm by M/s Spaze Towers Pvt Ltd at Village Sihi, Sector 84, Gurgaon (Haryana). The project site is permitted for residential use as per approved Master Plan of the area. Building Permission for built-up area of 42540.72 sqm (10.512 Acres) was obtained from the Directorate of Town & Country Planning, Haryana vide letter dated 6/6/2012 and License was granted by DTCP, Haryana. The said project/activity is covered under category B of item 8(a) of Schedule to the EIA Notification, 2006, and requires prior EC from the SEIAA in Haryana based on the appraisal by SEAC.

3. The chronology of events for seeking EC, deliberations by the respective authorities and the actions taken are reported to be as under:-

Application for EC was submitted 6th June, 2012 to SEAC/SEIAA in Haryana.

Proposal No. IA/HR/NCP/72991/2018 Page 1 of 5 Appraisal by SEAC in its 71st meeting - 11/12/2012 meetings 80th meeting - 29/4/2013 84th meeting - 17/6/2013 95th meeting - 26/11/2013 102nd meeting - 16/4/2014 119th meeting - 23/10/2015

SEAC constituted a sub-committee for conducting site visit to verify the status of construction vide No. SECY/SEAC/2014/1194 dated 24th April, 2014. Show Cause Notice for closure u/s 31 A of Action taken by the State the Air Act, 1981 issued by Haryana State Government/SEIAA Pollution Control Board Panchkula vide order No.HSPCB/GRS/2016/3858 dated 24th June, 2016 for non-compliance of the provisions of the said Act.

There being no reply submitted by the project proponent to the observations of SEAC, the SEAC vide letter dated 20/10/2016, provided final opportunity for submission of reply. The same is yet to be submitted. The construction was reported to be started in April, 2012 and structure work was completed by March, 2014 without obtaining prior EC. Now the proposal has been submitted to the Ministry for consideration in pursuance of the Ministry's Notification dated 14th March, 2017 due to violation of EIA Notification 2006. th March, 2017 for The Ministry has issued a Notification videS.. /OE 804 (E) dated 14 4. nvironmental Clearance, which have appraisal of projects for grant of Terms of Reference started the work on site, expanded the production beyond the limit of environmental clearance, or changed the product mix without obtaining prior environmental clearance under the Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006.

The proposal was considered by the Expert Appraisal Committee, constituted in the 5. Ministry for appraisal of the proposals for ToR/EC in pursuance of the Ministry's Notification March, 2017, in its meeting held on 19 - 21 February, 2018. The EAC, after dated 14th March, deliberations on the proposal in terms of the provisions of the Notification dated 14th 2017, confirmed the case to be of violation of the EIA Notification, 2006 and recommended for the following: The State Government/SPCB to take action against the project proponent under the (i) provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and further no consent to operate or occupancy certificate to be issued till the project is granted EC.

Proposal No. IA/HR/NCP/72991/2018 (ii) Grant of Terms of Reference for undertaking EIA and preparation of Environment Management Plan (EMP) as enumerated in Annexure - I. Public hearing is exempted under sub-clause (i)(d) of Stage III of paragraph 7(i) of EIA Notification 2006 as per MoEF&CC's O.M. dated 16.03.2018. (iii) The project proponent shall be required to submit a bank guarantee equivalent to the amount of remediation plan and natural and community resource augmentation plan with the SPCB prior to the grant of EC. The quantum shall be recommended by the EAC and finalized by the regulatory authority. The bank guarantee shall be released after successful implementation of the EMP, followed by recommendations of the EAC and approval of the regulatory authority. 6. Based on recommendations of the EAC, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, in pursuance of the provisions of its Notification dated 14th March, 2017, hereby accords approval to the Terms of Reference for Group housing project 'Spaze Privy AT-4' at Village Sihi, Sector - 84, Gurgaon (Haryana) by M/s Spaze Towers Pvt. Ltd. for undertaking Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and preparation of Environment Management Plan (EMP) as enumerated in Annexure - I. Public hearing is exempted under sub-clause (i)(d) of Stage III of paragraph 7(i) of EIA Notification 2006 as per MoEF&CC's O.M. dated 16.03.2018.

7. The ToRs are valid for a period of three years, which can be extended for a maximum period of one year provided an application in this regard is submitted by the project proponent, well before expiry of the validity period.

8. Further, based on recommendations of the EAC and the statutory provisions, the Ministry has also approved the following:- (i) The State Government/SPCB to take action against the project proponent under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and further no consent to operate or occupancy certificate to be issued till the project is granted EC. (ii) The project proponent shall be required to submit a bank guarantee equivalent to the amount of remediation plan and natural and community resource augmentation plan with the SPCB prior to the grant of EC. The quantum shall be recommended by the EAC and finalized by the regulatory authority. The bank guarantee shall be released after successful implementation of the EMP, and after the recommendations of the concerned Regional Office of the Ministry, the EAC and approval of the regulatory authority. 9. This issues with approval of the competent authority.

‘S) (Kushal Vashist) Director Copy to:

1. The Secretary, Department of Environment, Government of Haryana, SCO 1-2-3, Sector 17-D (2nd Floor), Chandigarh.

Proposal No. IA/HR/NCP/72991/2018 Page 3 of 5 2. The Member Secretary, Haryana State Pollution Control Board, C-11. Sector — 6, Panchkula, Haryana - 134109.

(Kushal Vashist) Director

Page 4 of 5 Proposal No. IA/HR/NCP/72991/2018 Annexure - I

Terms of Reference for EIA and preparation of Environment Management Plan (EMF}

• Project description, its importance and the benefits, • Project site details (location, toposheet of the study area of 10 km, coordinates, google map, layout map, land use, geological features and geo-hydrological status of the study area, drainage), • Land use as per the approved Master Plan of the area, Permission/approvals required from the land owning agencies, Development Authorities, Local Body, Water Supply & Sewerage Board, etc, • Land acquisition status, R&R details, • Forest and Wildlife and eco-sensitive zones, if any in the study area of 10 km - Clearances required under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and/or the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, • Baseline environmental study for ambient air (PM10, PN2.5, SO2, NO & CO), water (both surface and ground), noise and soil for one month (except monsoon period) as per MoEF&CC/CPCB guidelines at minimum 5 locations in the study area of 10 km, • Details on flora and fauna and socio-economic aspects in the study area • Likely impact of the project on the environmental parameters (ambient air, surface and ground water, land, flora and fauna and socio-economic, etc), • Source of water for different identified purposes with the permissions required from the concerned authorities, both for surface water and the ground water (by CGWA) as the case may be, Rain water harvesting, etc, • Waste water management (treatment, reuse and disposal) for the project and also the study area, • Management of solid waste and the construction & demolition waste for the project vis-a-vis the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and the Construction & Demolition Rules, 2016, • Energy efficient measures (LED lights, solar power, etc) during construction as well as during operational phase of the project, • Assessment of ecological damage with respect to air, water, land and other environmental attributes. The collection and analysis of data shall be done by an environmental laboratory duly notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, or an environmental laboratory accredited by NABL, or a laboratory of a Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) institution working in the field of environment. • Preparation of EMP comprising remediation plan and natural and community resource augmentation plan corresponding to the ecological damage assessed and economic benefits derived due to violation. • The remediation plan and the natural and community resource augmentation plan to be prepared as an independent chapter in the EIA report by the accredited consultants.

Proposal No. IA/HR/NCP/72991/2018 Page 5 of 5

F. No. 23-32/2018-IA-III Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (Impact Assessment Division)

Indira ParyavaranBhavan, Jor Bagh Road, New Delhi - 3.

k Date: ril, ApApril, 2018 To, The Secretary, Department of Environment, Government of Haryana, SCO 1-2-3, Sector 17-D (2nd Floor), Chandigarh.

Subject: Group housing project 'Spaze Privy AT-4' at Village Sihi, Sector - 84, Gurgaon (Haryana) by M/s Spaze Towers Pvt. Ltd. - Terms of Reference - reg. Sir,

This has reference to the proposal No. IA/HR/NCP/64527/2018 (withdrawn later and re-applied vide application no. IA/HR/NCP/72991/2018) from M/s Spaze Towers Pvt. Ltd., along with the application in prescribed format (Form-I), for consideration under the provisions of S.O. 804 (E) dated 14th March, 2017 for Terms of Reference (ToR)/Environmental Clearance (EC) to the Group housing project 'Spaze Privy AT4' at Village Sihi, Sector - 84, Gurgaon (Haryana).

2. The project involves construction of residential complex 'Spaze Privy AT-4' with total built-up area of 118795.578 sqm on a total plot area of 42540.72 sqm by M/s Spaze Towers Pvt Ltd at Village Sihi, Sector 84, Gurgaon (Haryana). The project site is permitted for residential use as per approved Master Plan of the area. Building Permission for built-up area of 42540.72 sqm (10.512 Acres) was obtained from the Directorate of Town & Country Planning, Haryana vide letter dated 6/6/2012 and License was granted by DTCP, Haryana. The said project/activity is covered under category B of item 8(a) of Schedule to the EIA Notification, 2006, and requires prior EC from the SEIAA in Haryana based on the appraisal by SEAC.

3. The chronology of events for seeking EC, deliberations by the respective authorities and the actions taken are reported to be as under:-

Application for EC was submitted 6th June, 2012 to SEAC/SEIAA in Haryana.

Proposal No. IA/HR/NCP/72991/2018 Appraisal by SEAC in its 71st meeting - 11/12/2012 meetings 80th meeting - 29/4/2013 84th meeting - 17/6/2013 95th meeting - 26/11/2013 102nd meeting - 16/4/2014 119th meeting - 23/10/2015

SEAC constituted a sub-committee for conducting site visit to verify the status of construction vide No. SECY/SEAC/2014/1194 dated 24th April, 2014. Action taken by the State Show Cause Notice for closure u/s 31 A of Government/SEIAA the Air Act, 1981 issued by Haryana State Pollution Control Board Panchkula vide order No.HSPCB/GRS/2016/3858 dated 24th June, 2016 for non-compliance of the provisions of the said Act.

th March, 2017 for 4. The Ministry has issued a Notification vide S.O. 804 (E) dated 14 appraisal of projects for grant of Terms of Reference / Environmental Clearance, which have started the work on site, expanded the production beyond the limit of environmental clearance, or changed the product mix without obtaining prior environmental clearance under the Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006.

As per the above said notification, in cases of violation, action is to be taken against 5. the project proponent by the respective State Government or the State Pollution Control Board under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and further, no consent to operate or occupancy certificate will be issued till the project is granted the environmental clearance.

Page 2 of 3 Proposal No. IA/HR/NCP/72991/2018 6. The proposal was considered by the Expert Appraisal Committee constituted in the Ministry for appraisal of the proposals for ToR/EC in pursuance of the Ministry's Notification dated 14th March, 2017, in its meeting held on 19 - 21 February, 2018. Minutes of the said meeting is enclosed.

7. In view of the above, it is requested to take action against the project proponent under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for violation of the EIA Notification, 2006.

8. This issues with approval of the Competent Authority.

(Kusha Vashist) Director Encls: As stated

Copy to:

1. The Member Secretary, Haryana State Pollution Control Board, C - 11. Sector - 6, Panchkula, Haryana - 134109.

2. Shri Dhiraj Malik, M/s Spaze Towers Pvt. Ltd., Spazedge Commercial Complex, Sector - 47, Sohna Road, Gurgaon - 122002. (Phone no.: 95124-4615999, Email: [email protected])

(Kushal Vashist) Director

Proposal No. IA/HR/NCP/72991/2018 Page 3 of 3

ANNEXURE-II (CERTIFICATE FROM CHIEF WILDLIFE WARDEN THAT PROPOSED PROJECT IS 9.16 KM AWAY FROM THE SULTANPUR BIRD SANCTUARY)

Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner

ANNEXURE-III (REVISED DAMAGE AND REMEDIATION PLAN)

DAMAGE ASSESSMENT & REMEDIATION PLAN FOR GROUP HOUSING “SPAZE PRIVY AT4”

At Village – Sihi, Sector - 84, Gurgaon, Haryana DEVELOPED BY: M/s SPAZE TOWERS PVT. LTD. Spazedge Commercial Complex, Sector-47, Sohna Road, Gurgaon PREPARED BY: M/s Perfact Researchers Pvt. Ltd. (NABL Accredited Testing Laboratory as per ISO/IEC 17025:2005, OSHAS 18001:2007 Certified Laboratory) 5th Floor, NN Mall, Sector 3, Rohini, New Delhi-110085 &

M/s Perfact Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd. (NABET Registered Vide List of accredited Consultants organization / Rev 72/17th Dec. 2018 at S.No.-117) 5th Floor, NN Mall, Mangalam Palace, Sector 3, Rohini, New Delhi-110085 Email: [email protected]; Phone: 011- 49281360

Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 3

1.1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS ...... 3 1.2 PROJECT DETAILS (WITH PRESENT STATUS) ...... 5 1.3 STATUS OF CONSTRUCTION ...... 6 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ...... 7 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF REMEDIATION PLAN ...... 7 1.6 NATURAL AND COMMUNITY RESOURCE AUGMENTATION PLAN: ...... 7 2 METHODOLOGY OF ASSESSMENT ...... 8

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT WISE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY (ASSESSMENT A): ...... 8 2.2 METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS DAMAGE DUE TO INTERACTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS (ASSESSMENT -B) .. 12 2.3 METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS OVERALL DAMAGE DUE TO PROJECT ...... 14 3 DAMAGE ASSESSMENT (A) – COMPONENT WISE ...... 15 4 DAMAGE ASSESSMENT (B) – INTERACTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS ...... 31 5 ASSESSMENT SUMMARY AND FINDINGS ...... 35

5.1 FINAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT SCORE ...... 35 5.2 CONCLUSION OF ASSESSMENT ...... 35 6 REMEDIATION PLAN AND COST ...... 36 7 NATURAL RESOURCE & COMMUNITY RESOURCE AUGMENTATION PLAN & BUDGETARY PROVISION ...... 38 8 COST SUMMARY ...... 39

2 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

1 INTRODUCTION Group Housing Project “Spaze Privy AT4” is situated at Sector-84, Gurgaon, Haryana being developed by M/s Spaze Tower Pvt Limited. The total plot area of the project is 42540.72 sqm out of which ground coverage is 6362.42 sq. m. The FAR achieved is 74422.51 sq. m. The total built up of the project including FAR, Non-FAR & Basement area is 118795.578 sq. m. The project was applied for environmental clearance in year 2012 at Haryana SEIAA. There was certain shortcoming in application and the additional documents were submitted. After many submissions of reply, case was not granted environment clearance and in the meantime the construction was started in April,2012. 11 blocks were proposed and construction is completed in the complex. Since the construction got started before the grant of Environment clearance, hence it was declared violation of EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006. 1.1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS S.no Status Line of action Date 1 Land status Collaboration Agreement executed at Gurgaon 23-08-2010 between Spaze Towers Pvt. Ltd. & Mrs. Mahendra kaur Sachdeva & others 2 License License was granted to Mrs. Mahendra kaur 25-03-2011 Sachdeva & others by Town & country planning Department vide License no. 26 of 2011 3 AAI Approval NOC approved by Airport authority of India vide 19-09-2011 letter no. AAI/NOC/2011374/2769

4 Zoning Plan Zoning plan approved by DTCP, Haryana vide memo 03-10-2011 no. ZP-699/JD (BS)/2011/14695 5 Excavation on Excavation of site was completed by contractor April 2012 Site 6 Mining Permission for mining was obtained by Department 22-05-2012 Permission of Mines & Geology, Gurgaon, Haryana vide permit no. 1155 7 Building Plan Building Plan approved by DTCP, Haryana vide memo 06-06-2012 approval no. ZP-699/JD (BS) 2012/9678 8 Environmental Application for environmental clearance with Form 1 18-06-2012 clearance & Form 1A submitted to SEIAA, Panchkula application 14 Civil Work The civil work of the project site started by hiring January 2013 Civil contractor 15 Forest NOC Forest clearance was obtained from Dy. Conservator 15-03-2013 of forest, Gurgaon vide letter no. 2523-G

3 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

21 Aravali NOC Aravali clearance was obtained from Dy. 20-06-2013 Conservator of forest, Gurgaon vide serial no. 72/MB 28 Structural Work Structural work of tower 1-10 completed 01-03-2014 30 Site inspection SEAC constituted a subcommittee at site to verify 24-04-2014 the status of construction vide Endst no.- SECY/SEAC/2014/1194 31 Queries Raised As per the site inspection queries were raised by 14-07-2014 SEAC regarding affidavit for Work has been stopped and Board resolutions of Director vide F.no- HR/SEAC/2014/207/1457 32 Brick Work Brick Work for tower 1-5 completed May 2015 33 Brick Work Brick work for tower 6-11 completed July 2015 35 Plaster work Plaster work for tower 1-11 completed Oct 2015 38 SPCB notice Show cause notice for closure under section 31-A of 24-06-2016 the AIR (prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1981 41 SPCB notice Show Cause notice was received vide letter no 09-12-2016 HSPCB/GRS/2016/6688-89 for violation of EIA notification of 14.09.2006 42 Submission As per SO.804 (E) dated 14.03.2017, where it has 06-05-2017 under Violation been clearly notify that the violation cases/noncompliance will be treated as ‘A’ category project. Hence, Application for Grant of Terms of Reference under violation category was submitted to MoEF&CC. 43 TOR Letter TOR granted vide File no. F. No. 23-32/2018-IA-III 04-04-2018 44 EIA Submission EIA Report with Baseline monitoring season Feb, 03-11-2018 2018 was submitted to MoEF&CC 45 EAC appraisal EIA report was appraised for environmental 29-01-2019 clearance under violation category on 29.01.2019 in which 7 number of queries were asked. One of the queries is to modify the damage assessment, due to which rework on damage assessment report has been done.

4 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

1.2 PROJECT DETAILS (With present Status) S.No. Particulars Unit Total Current Status Proposed 1. Total Plot Area m2 42540.72 Acquired 2. Ground Coverage (Permissible) (35%) m2 14889.25 - 3. Ground Coverage (Proposed) (15%) m2 6362.42 Constructed 4. F.A.R (Permissible) (1.75) m2 74446.26 - 5. F.A.R (Proposed) (1.75) m2 74422.51 Constructed 6. Non- F.A.R Area m2 19290.96 Constructed 7. Basement Area m2 25082.108 Constructed 8. Total Built up Area (FAR+ Non-FAR+ m2 118795.578 Constructed Basement Area) 9. Green Area (30%) m2 12762.216 50% Completed 10. Road Area & open area m2 23416.084 95% Completed 11. No. of Floors m2 G+20 Constructed 12. No. of Tower m2 11 Constructed 13. Levels of Basement m2 1 No. Constructed 14. Height of Building m2 73.2 m Achieved 15. Number of Dwelling Units No. 532 Constructed 16. EWS Unit No. 96 Constructed 17. Servant Unit No. 63 Constructed 18. Power Requirement KW 4124 - 19. No. of DG sets KVA 2 X 1010 KVA Not installed yet 1 X 750 KVA 1 X 500 KVA

20. Rain Water Harvesting Pit No. 11 Constructed 21. STP Capacity KLD 400 Civil work completed 22. Parking Required ECS 798 Constructed 23. Parking Provision ECS 798 Constructed

5 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

1.3 STATUS OF CONSTRUCTION S.NO. DESCRIPTION DETAIL

1. Excavation work Completed

2. Foundation Completed 3. RCC work Completed 4. Masonry work Completed 5. Roofs Completed 6. Timber work (Door and windows) 95% Done 7. Piping of water & sewage Completed 8. Drainage System Completed 9. Sewage Treatment Plant 80% completed

10. Rainwater Harvesting 90% completed 11. Plantation 50% completed 12. Roads 95% completed 13. Installation of Electrical & mechanical items 60% completed & fire 14. Plastering Completed 15. Bathroom fitting & plumbing work Not started 16. Flooring 90% completed 17. Painting and exteriors 70% completed 18. DG sets & Stack 10% completed

6 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF DAMAGE ASSESSMENT • As per notification vide S.O. 804(E) dated 14.03.2017 it has been notified that the violation cases/non-Compliance will involve the assessment of ecological damage, remediation plan and natural and community resource augmentation plan. Hence, in this report, we have collected and analysed the data for assessment of environmental and ecological damage, prepared remediation plan, and natural and community resource augmentation plan. • To identify overall impact on air, water, noise, soil and land environment has been assessed. • It has been weighed against the positive impact created on the overall socioeconomic scenario. • To estimate the impact produced, a framework has been designed based on the place of activity is permissible for the purpose (like it should not fall in eco-sensitive zones etc.); Environmental Sensitivity; Status of work done till date and status of activities (in quantitative terms) undertaken during violation period and extent of damage. Detailed methodology for the same is given in the next section 2. 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF REMEDIATION PLAN • To suggest control measures for preventing deterioration of air quality along with approximate cost • To suggest control measures for preventing deterioration of noise quality along with approximate cost • To suggest control measures for preventing deterioration of water quality along with approximate cost • Remediation plan of loss of top soil, loss of vegetation including trees and their approximate cost • To suggest control measures for keeping community safe from adverse effects of activity approximate cost • Plan and suggest Development of shelter of green belt to improve environment 1.6 NATURAL AND COMMUNITY RESOURCE AUGMENTATION PLAN: Augmentation plan will include various activities to be taken for augmentation of Natural Resources like water, land vegetative cover in a time bound manner and estimation of financial implication. Activities to be taken for augmentation of community resources. The key community resources include — • It could be a physical structure or place -- a school, hospital, library, recreation centre. It might also be an unused building that could house a community centre, a community owned forest, a park, a pond, or other pasture and open space belonging to community. • It may be a community service that makes life better for majority of community members - public transportation, early childhood education centre, community recycling facilities, cultural organization. • Or an activity that provides jobs and supports the local economy.

7 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

2 METHODOLOGY OF ASSESSMENT To assess the overall damage, two matrices have been used, the first matrix identifies and assesses impact on different environmental components and is based on the actual damage incurred i.e. Assessment type ‘A’. Therefore, the first matrix is a systematic approach on envisaged damage incurred. The second matrix i.e. Assessment type ‘B’ assumes random damages that would have taken place due to interaction of different environmental components, i.e. the overall end to end assessment being done in a subjective matrix manner. To assess the impact on these environmental parameters, following activities has been identified: • Site Preparation & levelling • Excavation • Compacting and other related work • Construction of foundation and basement • Construction of super structure • Finishing work of wall, painting, stone cladding, Tiling work • Storage and handling of Construction material, paint & chemicals • Operation of construction of machinery (DG ser, Heavy machinery) • Transportation (Raw material, labour) • Working & daily activity of construction labour 2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT WISE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY (ASSESSMENT A): • Table below shows the component wise methodology considered for assessment to quantify extent of damage and rate the extent for estimation of remediation cost. Based on the same, impact analysis, mitigation plan is prepared and finally the overall damage has been scaled between 0-100%. To assess these environmental parameters, team has been deputed to assess preliminary assessment of damage to environment. Based on site inspection and the documentary evidences the environmental aspects vs activity has been filled. Component Adopted Methodology Weightage

Air • Identification of the increase in pollution load on Ambient Air 20% Environment using AERMOD. • Key receptor has been analysed as the receptor receiving or envisaged to have received the maximum damage • Dispersion model is run in 1km2 grid with 5m receptor spacing to understand increase in GLC of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx • % Contribution of construction activity on key receptor is calculated based on baseline values from secondary values. • Finally, extent of damage is calculation based on below scale

% Rating Interpretation Contribution

<0.1% 1 Negligible Impact Habitation at receptor may not feel much difference in ambient air quality 0.11 - 1% 2 Minor Impact 8 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

1.01% -2% 3 Average impact There may be substantial damage to the health and lifestyle of habitation 2.01% -5% 4 Heavy impact at the receptor 5.01% + 5 Severe Impact

Water • Extent damage to the water has been identified by water 10% Environment consumption per sqm built-up achieved. • Dewatering done during construction • Management of surface water/ run off • Damage has been estimated based on ground water/ fresh water used in the project.

% Fresh water used Rating Interpretation

<10% 1 Negligible Impact

11 -20% 2 Minor Impact

21% -40% 3 Average impact

41% -60% 4 Heavy impact

61% + 5 Severe Impact • Construction workers domestic wastewater management has been used to quantify damage

Management Practice Rating Interpretation

Complete reuse of treated water or use of bio-toilets 1 Negligible Impact

Treated water disposal into sewer 2 Minor Impact

Treated water disposal into soak pit 3 Average impact

Untreated water disposed into sewer 4 Heavy impact

No sewage management 5 Severe Impact

Soil • Damage to the soil has been identified by monitoring of soil 5% Environment quality of construction site and nearby site. • Quantity of Soil excavated and disposal method was examined • Quantity of top soil reused within the site was calculated. • Finally, extent of damage is calculation based on below scale

% reuse of top soil Rating Interpretation

81 – 100 % 1 Negligible damage

60- 81 % 2 Minor damage

41 – 60 % 3 Average damage

21- 40 % 4 Heavy damage

0 -20 % 5 Severe damage

Waste • Disposal Method of all type of waste was assessed. 5% Management • Legal compliances relating to waste management rules. • Finally, extent of damage is calculation based on management practices followed

9 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Management Practice Rating Interpretation

All compliances and adherence to environmental 1 Negligible Impact laws including C&D Waste management

Management of Hazardous waste, sewage waste etc. 2 Minor Impact excluding management of C&D waste

Management of Hazardous waste, sewage waste etc. 3 Average impact excluding management of C&D waste without proper storage and segregation

Partial Management of Hazardous waste, sewage 4 Heavy impact waste etc. excluding management of C&D waste without proper storage and segregation and no evidences

No management of any waste 5 Severe Impact

Noise • To identify the increase in Noise level, noise monitoring has 15% Environment been done on different construction site for different activity of work to identify generation of noise. • The monitoring has been done within the boundary and outside the boundary. • Finally, extent of damage is calculation based on below scale.

Average increase in sound Rating Interpretation pressure level within 5m

<5 dB(A) 1 Negligible Impact

5.1 – 15 dB(A) 2 Minor Impact

15.1 – 30 dB(A) 3 Average impact

30.1 – 45 dB(A) 4 Heavy impact

45.1 + dB(A) 5 Severe Impact

Ecological • Damage to the ecological environment has been identified by 10% Environment identifying number of trees surviving within the site and of height at least 1.5 m. • No. of trees removed for construction were counted. • Finally, extent of damage is calculation based on below scale

Tree density (Plot area in sqm/ no. Rating Interpretation of trees)

At least 1 tree per 60 sqm 1 Negligible impact

At least 1 tree per 80 sqm 2 Minor impact At least 1 tree per 120 sqm 3 Average impact At least 1 tree per 180 sqm 4 Heavy impact At least 1 per 200 sqm or more 5 Severe impact

10 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Land Use- • Damage to the Land use has been identified by comparing the 5% Land Cover pattern of land by master plan. • Finally, extent of damage is calculation based on below scale

Change in Land Use or Rating Interpretation creation of new land use

No 1 Negligible impact

Yes 5 Minor impact

Natural • Damage to the natural resources has been related to the use 5% Resources of Site preservation techniques, preservation of natural topography/ contour, stream crossings, use of salvaged materials or eco-friendly products, conservation of energy/ fuel. • Finally, extent of damage is calculation based on below scale

Management practices Rating Interpretation

Good practices of preservation techniques, drainage 1 Negligible pattern etc. as above impact

No preservation of site drainage and topography or 5 Severe impact use of eco-friendly materials

Traffic • Damage to the nearby road, due to use of heavy vehicle. 10% Management • Increase in the PCU due to project. • Finally, extent of damage is calculation based on below scale

Change of LOS due to project after Rating Interpretation completion (level of service as defined by Indian Roads Congress (IRC))

LOS A 1 Negligible impact

LOS B 2 Minor impact LOS C 3 Average impact LOS D 4 Heavy impact LOS E 5 Severe impact

Geological & • Ground Water abstraction was quantified and extent of 5% Hydrological damage is calculation based on below scale:

Changes % of fresh water Rating Interpretation abstracted with respect to daily water requirement

<3% 1 Negligible impact No major impact on ground water table. 3-5% 2 Minor impact

5-10% 3 Average impact Highly Decrease in ground water level table, water 11-20% 4 Heavy impact scarcity in the area. 21% + 5 Severe impact • Quality of ground water especially TSS, TDS and pH pre and post construction phase has been assessed. Any changes above 20% maybe marked as severely damaging.

11 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Local Issues, • To identify the impact on social, survey has been done in 5% Community nearby places. welfare & • Employment given to local people (direct & indirect) Socio- • Finally, extent of damage is calculation based on below scale economic % of employment given to Rating Interpretation scenario nearby people 80-100% 1 Negligible impact

60-80% 2 Minor impact

40-60% 3 Average impact

20-40% 4 Heavy impact

<20% 5 Severe impact

Environmental • Environmental accidents may have happened at the time of 5% Accidents construction. • Finally, extent of damage is calculation based on below scale

Number of incidents/ near Rating Interpretation misses recorded as on date

<3 1 Negligible impact

4- 10 2 Minor impact

11- 20 3 Average impact

21- 30 4 Heavy impact

31 + 5 Severe impact

• The conclusion has been determined by multiplying the individual rating with weightage. The mean of individual weighted score is final score of Assessment A. 2.2 METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS DAMAGE DUE TO INTERACTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS (ASSESSMENT -B) • To identify the increase in Noise level, noise monitoring has been done on different construction site for different activity of work to identify generation of noise. • To identify the impact on health of workers, monitoring of construction water used has been done. • To identify the impact on soil, monitoring of soil quality of construction site has been done. • To identify the impact on social, survey has been done in nearby places. • To identify the other impact, site inspection and checking of documents has been done. • As per identified impact, damage matrix has been prepared. • Negative impact indicates increased pollution, discomfort and public inconveniences whereas, Positive impact in terms of increased income due to employment, or other ancillary activities. Also, benefits generated due to activities undertaken under corporate social responsibility. • Criteria to be used to assess the impact due to the construction for each aspect in the matrix

12 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Score Rating -4 Major -3 Moderate -2 Minor -1 Negligible 0 None 1 Negligible 2 Minor 3 Moderate 4 Major

• The mean of individual scoring on different environmental parameter has been interpreted with the rating given below: Rating Score Range 1 <-5 2 -6 to -15 3 -16 to -30 4 -31 to -50 5 -51 and above

• The mean of individual environmental parameter is final score of Assessment B.

13 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

2.3 METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS OVERALL DAMAGE DUE TO PROJECT • To identify the overall damage due to the project on environment, addition of scoring of assessment A & B has been done. The Final score interpreted with given below interpretation:

FINAL REMARKS CONCLUSION SCORE <5 Negligible damage to Project did not cause much harm to the environment environment through proper management and mitigation measures 5-6 Minor damage to Project may have affected immediate surroundings and environment the environmental impacts may have dissipated post construction of the project and insignificant environmental damage during its operation phase

6-7 Moderate Damage Due to the installation and commissioning of the project, there may have been minor discomfort in the nearby area and may have some impact on major receptors

7-8 Significant Damage Due to the installation and commissioning of the project, there may have been discomfort in the nearby area and may have some impact and slight discomfort on major receptors up to 1 km of the project site

8+ Severe Damage Due to the installation and commissioning of the project, there may have been discomfort in the nearby area and may have major impact, severe and high discomfort on major receptors up to 2 km of the project site

14 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

3 DAMAGE ASSESSMENT (A) – COMPONENT WISE

Parameter Aspect Probable Impact due to Mitigation measure Damage/Impact construction activity adopted during construction Air • Dust • Increased PM Level • Water sprinkling was

Environment emission will may cause respiratory done at the site. Incremental lead to increase problems to nearby • Air curtains was used for value from Baseline in PM population. covering the under- model at Key value taken receptor at from • Generation • Increased PM Level construction building village Ambient Air %contribution S.no Pollutant Sikanderpur report of (incremental/ Rating of C&D waste will result deposition of • Material required for Badha i.e. nearby baseline) • Vehicular dust on leaves which construction was stored 0.76 km, SW project for may cause decrease in only within earmarked area direction 25.05.2012 Emissions from site (µg/m3) including NOx Transpiration rate of and road side storage of (µg/m3) flora construction material and 0.9 54.2 1.66% & Sox PM2.5 1 2 generation • Increased dust will waste was prohibited. (construction only) decrease the aesthetic • The C & D wastes PM2.5 3.0 54.2 5.53% look of already generated was kept covered 2 (construction and 5 traffic cumulative) constructed building at site and was reused to the 1.5 110.1 1.36% PM10 extent possible and rest 3 3 • Stagnation of water, (construction only) unused Construction and Biodegradable waste Demolition Waste was PM10 4.0 110.1 3.63% generation shall result 4 (construction and 4 handed over to contractor in odour problem in the traffic cumulative) area as per the agreement for final disposal. The 15 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

• Handling of C&D Contractor had sold the C&D 0.65 23.5 2.76% NOx (construction 5 4 waste can cause waste for ongoing only) generation of dust construction of roads & NOx (construction 0.9 23.5 3.82% which can cause highways in the nearby area. 6 and traffic 4 problem in breathing to (12000 trucks soil.) cumulative) 0.2 10.8 1.85% the construction SO2 (construction • Proper nose masks 7 3 only) workers and nearby were provided to the population. Emission of workers who were engaged SO2 (construction 0.45 10.8 4.16% VOCs from paints & 8 and traffic 4 in dust generating activities. cumulative) other construction Peak Rating: 5 • Temporary Power material can cause irritation in eyes, nose connection was taken at the • Maximum Impact was within the site due to construction and traffic and throat, can cause time of construction, DG Set movement. The maximum GLC of PM10, PM2.5, NOx and Sox were 4 difficulty breathing and of 125 KVA was used during power failure only. µg/m3, 3 µg/m3, 0.9 µg/m3 and 0.45 µg/m3. nausea, and can damage the central • RMC (13800 trucks) was nervous system as well used instead of batching as other organs. plant. • Gaseous emission • 3 JCB, 1 crane, 4 loader from vehicles used for and 2 excavators were used transportation will during the construction. affect the respiratory • Hutments was not health of staff, patients provided within the project and nearby population site. • Pollutants emitted from stack will increase 16 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

the Ground Level • All construction Concentration of material was bought from pollutants which will nearby areas only. affect the respiratory • Maintenance of vehicle health of people in and machinery was done nearby area by the contractor

Water • Site • Obstruction to • During monsoon season, • No proper drainage was made at the time of construction. Environment preparation rainwater percolation rain water was collected in • Change in natural contour level. will cause due to increase in the tank and reused for change of Cement work construction purpose, no • No Damage to ground water quality and surface water quality. As the water level in the area is very low and no surface body in the nearby natural • The storm water other measure was contour level adopted. area. recharge capacity will will which will be decreased • During monsoon season, • No provision of recharging of ground water made at the time of result in collected water in the construction. Change of • The excavation will excavated pit was pumped • Use of fresh water for construction: drainage be done up to level out and disposed to the pattern such that it will not nearby drain. % Fresh water Rating Remark intersect the ground used • Water • The excavation was done water level, hence it <0% 1 All the water requirement & for one level of basement was taken from only. There was no 17 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana waste water will not impact the intersection to ground STP and tanker generation ground water quality. water level. suppliers.

• Water • Use of water for • STP treated water was contamination construction purpose. used for construction of • Construction workers domestic wastewater management: • Oil & This will lead to waste purpose, no ground or Management Practice Rating chemical water generation. surface water was taken. Treated water disposal into soak pit 3 Spillage • During the • 15 KLD of water required construction period, during construction work Peak Rating: 3 Stagnation of water & was met through STP Tanker Run off of water may Supply. For 300 labours, 13 lead to breeding of KLD of Domestic water was mosquitos & run off can sourced through the lead to soil erosion. tankers. • STP Treated water • 10 KLD of waste water shall be arranged on generated from the temporary basis construction site was through tanker water disposed off to septic tank supply during via soak pit. No damage to construction work. the quality of ground water, Utilisation of water as water level in the area is may impact the water very low. demand of the vicinity • No waste water and improper disposal discharge to the surface or of waste water ground water generated may affect the quality of nearby 18 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana surface water body & • There is no water body ground water. or surface water in the 500 • Improper disposal m radius, therefore no of waste generated water quality deteriorates. may affect the quality • No environmental of ground water. accident happened. • Improper disposal • Proper place for storage of waste water of diesel and used oil was generated may affect made at the time of the quality of nearby construction. surface water body & ground water • Spillage of Oil & chemicals, if in any case comes in contact with water body can detorate the ground water & surface water body. Which in turn may affect the aquatic life also. • If dust emitted gets deposited on water body can deteriorate the water quality.

19 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Soil Quality • Clearance of • As there is no • The project was • Total 75246 m3 of soil was excavated out of which 6381 m3 of soil vegetation building and distinct conceptualized with 2 level was top soil. vegetation at site basement & foundation • Removal of Type of Quantity % of soil Use of Soil Rating soil, Top soil & except few bushes, hence 75246 m3 of soil was Soil (m3) reused run off of soil hence there will be no excavated for 1 level of Some of soil reused for landscaping and rest was loss of vegetation. basements & foundation as Top Soil 6381 25% 4 • Oil spillage handover to the contractor for Before making the area per Mining permission road construction • Soil hard paved, only granted by Department of compaction & grasses and bushes Mines & Geology, Gurgaon, • Permanent depression to the land. run off of soil were cleared. Haryana. • Earlier land was agricultural land, which is now developed into the • Spillage of • Permanently • The excavated soil was re- Group Housing. The fertility of soil has been reduced due to used oil on depresses land used for backfilling, levelling construction activity. Amount of primary nutrient like Organic ground water productivity, & other purposes to the matter 0.5 %, the available nitrogen 123.2 mg/kg is lower in range, destabilizes extent possible and rest • Solid waste available potassium 46.5 mg/kg is lower in range while the available landscapes, increasing unused soil was handed & C&D Waste phosphorus 27.1 mg/kg is High in range. Primary nutrient profile the potential for wind over to contractor as per the generation shows that soil is low in fertility due to the availability of low amount and water erosion. agreement for final disposal. of nitrogen and potassium. Nitrogen is the most important fertilizer The Contractor had sold the • Chemical element. Plants respond quickly to application of nitrogen degradation of soil soil for ongoing construction would occur which may of roads & highways in the leach into vegetation nearby area. and ground water. • Waste was collected by • Impact on soil due private contractor and disposal of solid waste disposed to the municipal includes the leaching site. from biodegradable 20 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

waste and effect on • Project was flora from spillage of implemented by waste on soil. experienced contractors, no environmental accident happened or noted at the site

Waste • Daily • Waste • For average 300 labours, • Municipal waste was given to the private vendor not authorized for Management Activities of generated may impact total 45 kg/ day of solid final disposal. labours the hygiene of the waste was generated from • C&D waste was given to contractor for final disposal. • Construction labours and also the labours which was collected Management Practice Rating activities emission of dust/gases and disposed off at if not managed. designated MSW dump site Partial Management of Hazardous 4 waste, sewage waste etc. excluding • Improper by contractor. management of C&D waste without storage and disposal of • Colour coded dust been proper storage and segregation and Biodegradable waste, provided at the site for daily no evidences will enhance the risk of use, which is being cleaned

microbial alternate day by the contamination, contractor. population. • Used oil whenever • Improper generated from the DG set storage and disposal of of 125 KVA was given to DG MSW waste, will set service provider for enhance the risk of disposal of used oil. disease occurrence and 21 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

cause foul smell. It will • The C & D wastes attract the vectors generated was kept covered • Improper at site was reused to the hazardous chemical extent possible and rest disposal if comes in unused Construction and contact with human Demolition Waste was body may cause skin handed over to contractor irritation and could be as per the agreement for flammable also final disposal. The sometimes. Contractor had sold the C&D waste for ongoing • Improper construction of roads & hazardous chemical highways in the nearby area. disposal if comes in contact with human • Proper PEE was provided body may cause skin to the labour to handle the irritation and could be hazardous and other waste. flammable also • Empty bags of cement sometimes. were sold by contractor to the recycler.

Noise • Increase in • There will be • All the construction • During construction, the Leq value of noise level during day time at Environment noise level impact on excavator activities were carried out the site was approx. 58.1 dB (A), which was above the permissible noise • Noise operator like whole during the daytime. level of residential areas 55 dB(A). body vibration and generation by • 3m high Noise barriers Location from Background Increment Rating auditory impact. The machineries were installed at the source Noise dB(A) dB(A) noise level generation boundary.

22 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

• Honking & due to excavator will be • Provision of protective Near Source 41.0 54 5 Vehicular noise 85-90 dB(A). devices like ear muff/plugs Approx. 10m-12 41.0 50.0 5 generation • Due to road to the workers was Approx. 20-25m 41.0 36 4 congestion people will provided. Approx. 50-55m 41.0 19 3 blow horn which may • Acoustic enclosed DG lead to problems like set of 125 KVA was used at Peak 5 sleep interference, the time of construction.

headache • 394 trees are already • In 500m radius of project site, there were no habitation at the time • Loading and planted at the site. of construction, majorly vacant land was there and under construction unloading of C&D buildings. waste may cause annoyance to the • Minute Damage to the workers working in the area. However, workers and peoples in outside the complex there were no impact due to insertion loss. the immediate vicinity. • Will cause physiological and psychological effect like hearing impairment, sleep interference, annoyance and also may cause increase in heart beat and blood pressure in elderly peoples within the area.

23 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

• Running of DG sets will cause vibration generation in immediate surrounding of DG set area Ecological • Clearance of • Increased PM Level • No major vegetation was • Damage to the nearby flora, due to increase in the air pollution. Environment vegetation will result deposition of there on the site as the land • Displacement of native fauna & flora. • • Air emission, dust on leaves which contained only few bushes Total 394 trees are already planted at the site. may cause decrease in & grasses which was Dust emission Tree density (Plot Rating Transpiration rate of removed. will lead to area in sqm/ no. of flora increase in PM • To minimize the impact, trees) • Increased dust the provision of plantation • Increase in 1 tree /108 sqm 3

noise level emission can lead to area of 12762.216 Sqm area, climate change which with lawns, ornamental • Removal of eventually will result in shrubs and trees shall be soil, Top soil & decrease in plant/tree provided. run off of soil cover • 394 no. trees have • Vehicular • Increased noise will already been planted. 206 emission cause disturbance of No. of trees will also be • Clearance of existing avi-fauna; planted within the complex vegetation however, avifauna is after the completion. not restricted to one (Compliance to the 1 tree • Clearance of place for a long time, per 80 m2 area) site thus it will not result in their displacement.

24 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

• Removal of Top soil • Water sprinkling was will affect the habitat of done to reduce the dust micro-organism and generation. invertebrate • All the construction was • Vehicular emission carried out at the day time like NOx etc. can inhibit only the growth of plants • Separate raw material and pre-mature leaves yard was provided. Cement senescence. was separately stored under cover in bales. Land • Clearance of • Change of land use • No major impact on the Use/Land vegetation land use. Earlier land was • Clearance of Change in Land Use Rating Interpretation cover vegetation, increase used for agricultural or creation of new PM level purpose. Thereafter, as land use per master plan of • Increase of concrete No 1 Negligible Gurgaon 2025, land use impact area. of the site is residential.

License has been granted by DTCP to project

proponent for development of group housing. • Land cover changed from vacant land to concrete area. However, 30% of

25 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

the area is marked for green area.

Use of natural • Use of raw • Scarcity of natural • Fresh water of 10-12 KLD • Consumption of raw material for construction purpose: resources material resources (like water, was daily used. Key Material Units Consumption • Use of Energy diesel, energy, raw • Temporary connection Cement (50 kg • Use of Water material) was used for power and bag) Bags 1,72,500 Sand (Coarse / during power cut DG set of Fine) MT 2,90,895 1 x 125 KVA was used Aggregate MT 4,500 • Provision of Solar power Reinforcement MT 6,846 (1% of Power generation) Stone Cladding Sqmt. 1,261 Mild Steel MT 326 • Compliance to the ECBC Wood work Cum. 226.28 Bricks Nos 3,70,02,880 RMC CuM. 64,200 STP Water Litres 1,57,197

• Construction Technic: Management practices Rating No preservation of site drainage 5 and topography or use of eco- friendly materials

Traffic • Congestion • Heavy vehicle • 3-4 trucks were used daily • Damage to the approach road due to heavy vehicle. Management on road movement will lead to only. • As per the traffic survey conducted, the traffic level in nearby roads congestion in traffic • As traffic level on the in LOS A category (free flow). There were increase in 3-4 trucks only and difficulty in driving approach road is on the nearby road, due to the project site. • Increase in LOS on approach road during peak hour:

26 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

• Due to negligible, due to less increased no. of cars habitation. Year LOS after and two-wheelers on Baseline • Separate entry/exit was completion Rating LOS approach road and provided for transportation of project nearby roads, there of raw material. 2019 A A 1 may be congestion on 2020 A A 1 roads and discomfort in 2025 A B 2 driving. 2030 B B 2 Peak 2 Hydrology & • • Disposal of • Since the ground water • Excavation was done for 1 level of basement, 75246 m3 of soil was Geology Contamination untreated waste water level is low, therefore no excavated. of Ground may deteriorate water impact on hydrology. No • Change in area geology. water quality of ground water dewatering occurred at the • Water abstraction from borewell: • Habitat by increase in the no. of time of excavation. pathogens, BOD, COD, • No extraction of ground % of fresh water Rating TSS etc in ground water abstracted with respect water. and thereby affecting to daily water and making water unfit requirement for consumption. 0% 1 Quality of ground assessed:

Post Pre- construction/ % construction as on date change rating pH 7.8 7.9 - - TDS 284 466 0.6408 5 - Chlorides 92 73.98 0.1959 1

27 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Total Hardness 72 188 1.6111 5 Nitrate Nitrogen 3.3 38.2 10.576 5 Peak 5

Community • Generation • Health issues due to The nearest habitat is Siri • Decrease in agricultural land. welfare / of income the increase in PM village. In 500m radius of • No local issue was noted. Socio • Health issues level, noise level project site, there were no Economic/ habitation at the time of • Generation of local employment. • Generation • Congestion on roads local issue construction, majorly vacant Total Employment % of Rating of employment • Land acquisition land was there and under manpower given to local employment

construction buildings. required people increase. (direct & (Employment • Land was purchased and indirect) given to local no R&R people/ total manpower • The project site is well required) connected with the approach road, so there will 300 200 67% 2 be no traffic congestion due to the project. • 15000 samplings were provided in the nearby nursery. • Employment to the nearby people.

28 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Environmental • Spillage of • Infrastructure • No accident noted during • No accident noted at the site. Accident Hazardous development in nearby the construction phase by Number of Rating material area. the project proponent. incidents/ near • misses recorded as on date Contamination to ground 0 1 water

29 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Summary of Damage Matrix (A): Weighted Parameter Rating Weightage score Air Environment 5 20% 1.0 Water Environment 3 10% 0.3 Soil Quality 4 5% 0.2 Waste Management 4 5% 0.2 Noise Environment 5 15% 0.75 Ecological Environment 3 10% 0.3 Land Use/Land cover 1 5% 0.05 Use of Natural resources 5 5% 0.25 Traffic Management 2 10% 0.2 Hydrology & Geology 5 5% 0.25 Community welfare / Socio Economic/ 2 5% local issues 0.1 Environmental Accident 1 5% 0.05 Final Weighted Score 3.65

Final Score of Assessment A: 3.65

30 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

4 DAMAGE ASSESSMENT (B) – INTERACTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

USE OF NATURAL EMISSIONS RELEASES TO WASTE LAND Degradation RESOURCES LOCAL ISSUES TO AIR WATER GENERATION AND RAW

MATERIALS

STEPS WORK

Waste, Waste, Battery Waste

Hazardouswaste

% completion % of work PM GaseousEmissions Foundations,Retaining walls Cleaning of machinery,tools Sanitarywater C&D waste Non Hazardous,E Dumpingmachinery of & Concrete surface cleaning agents Dumpingother of liquidwaste Drainage& topography Water Energy Materials Raw and Noise vibrations Odour Dust LandscapeAlteration TRANSPORTISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL ACCIDENTS ON EFFECTS BIODIVERSITY Pollution Noise Quality Soil and Management Geology Hydrology TOTAL

STEP 1 Land occupation 100 100

Removal of - STEP 2 vegetation or 100 -4 -2 -2 -3 -3 -3 -2 -1 20 old buildings

31 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

- STEP 3 Excavation work 100 -3 -1 -1 - -3 -3 -2 -3 -2 -3 -3 -4 -2 -4 34

- STEP 4 Foundation 100 -2 -1 -3 -1 -3 0 -3 -2 -3 -3 -3 24

STEP 5 Piling 100 0 0

- STEP 6 RCC Work 100 -2 -1 -4 -1 -3 -2 -3 0 -2 -2 -4 -4 -2 30

- STEP 7 Masonry Work 100 -2 -1 -3 -4 -3 0 -2 -2 -4 -2 23

- STEP 8 Roofs 100 -2 -1 -3 -3 -2 0 -2 -3 -2 18

Timber work - STEP 9 (Door and 95 -4 -3 -2 0 -3 -3 -4 -4 -3 26 windows)

Piping of water - STEP 10 100 -1 -1 -3 -2 0 -2 -2 -2 & sewage 13

- STEP 11 Drainage system 100 -1 -2 -2 -2 0 -3 -2 -2 -3 -1 -3 21

Sewage STEP 12 80 -2 -1 -3 3 -2 -4 -1 -3 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -2 -3 4 4 -2 4 3 -7 Treatment Plant

32 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Rainwater - STEP 13 90 -2 -2 -2 -4 -3 -3 -3 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -2 3 Harvesting 27

STEP 14 Plantation 50 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 -2 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 -2 2 38

- STEP 15 Roads 95 -3 -1 -3 -3 -3 -2 -2 -3 -3 -3 -2 -3 -4 -4 -4 43

Installation of Electrical, - STEP 16 60 -2 -3 -4 -4 -4 0 -3 -2 -2 mechanical 24 items and fire

- STEP 17 Plastering 100 -1 -3 -3 0 -3 -2 -3 -1 16

Bathroom fitting STEP 18 & Plumbing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 work

- STEP 19 Flooring 90 -3 -1 -1 -2 -2 -3 0 -3 -2 -3 -1 -3 24

Painting and - STEP 20 40 -4 -4 -4 0 -4 -3 -4 -4 -4 -3 -4 -2 exteriors 40

- TOTAL -35 -12 -20 -1 4 -25 -19 -14 -37 5 -9 -17 -32 -32 -31 -14 -8 -9 3 -10 6 7 -30 -6 -12 -4 252

33 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Summary of Damage Matrix (B): S. Environmental Scoring (B) Classification No. Component/Aspect Air Environment/ Emissions to 1 -24 3 Air Water Environment/ Releases 2 -6 2 to Water Waste Management and 3 -19 3 Generation Land Environment and 4 -15 2 contamination Use of natural resources and 5 -32 4 raw materials 6 Local Issues -7 2 7 Transport Issues -10 2 8 Environmental Accidents 6 1 9 Effects on Ecology Biodiversity 7 1 10 Noise Pollution -30 3 11 Soil Quality and Management -6 2 12 Geology & Hydrology -12 2 13 Hydrology -4 1 AVERAGE SCORE (B) 2.2

Final Score of Assessment B: 2.2

34 Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

5 ASSESSMENT SUMMARY AND FINDINGS

5.1 FINAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT SCORE (Rating A + Rating B) = 3.65 + 2.2 = 5.85 out of 10.

Interpretation: Minor damage to environment

5.2 CONCLUSION OF ASSESSMENT  Damage has been assessed based on quantification of pollution load on environmental components. Further, the impacts have been quantified and rated. The damage incurred on overall environment has been computed to be 5.65 for which remediation plan and augmentation plan are given in the next section. As per assessment, minor damage has been done by construction of the project.  Project may have affected immediate surroundings and the environmental impacts may have dissipated post construction of the project.

Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

6 REMEDIATION PLAN AND COST

Environment al Remediation S.no Component Proposed Further Remarks Rate Quantity Total Cost Year I Year II Year III Distribution of ₹ 0 ₹ 0 Wayu Purifier Wayu purifier ₹ 60,000 5 ₹ 3,00,000 ₹ 3,00,000 Maintenance of Maintenance - 3 year @ 1500/month ₹ 1,500 36 ₹ 54,000 ₹ 18,000 ₹ 18,000 ₹ 18,000 Wayu ₹ 1,000 6 ₹ 6,000 ₹ 6,000 ₹ 0 ₹ 0 Sprinkler- 6 no. @ Rs. 1000/per pc Air 1 ₹ 15,000 1 ₹ 15,000 ₹ 15,000 ₹ 0 ₹ 0 Environment Distribution of Twin Filtration system - @ Rs. 15000/pc Sprinkler system ₹ 10,000 1 ₹ 10,000 ₹ 10,000 ₹ 0 ₹ 0 Pump -@ RS. 10000/pc ₹ 165 1,000 ₹ 1,65,000 ₹ 1,65,000 ₹ 0 ₹ 0 Water Distributing Pipeline - 1000 m@ Rs 165/m Plantation in Plant -500 @ 1500 (including Maintenance) Nearby area road ₹ 1,500 500 ₹ 7,50,000 ₹ 2,50,000 ₹ 2,50,000 ₹ 2,50,000 Rain Water RWH-10 no (dia-3.5 & depth-2.5) @ 3,00,000/per Harvesting in RWH (including raw material, labour, profit, ₹ 3,00,000 10 ₹ 30,00,000 ₹ 10,00,000 ₹ 10,00,000 ₹ 10,00,000 nearby village construction, pipeline) Maintenance of RWH-10 no. before monsoon and after monsoon RWH for 3 year @ 5000/ year/ RWH ₹ 5,000 30 ₹ 1,50,000 ₹ 50,000 ₹ 50,000 ₹ 50,000 Water 2 Procurement RO Environment RO plant -10 no. (1000 LPH) @ 2,00,000/per unit ₹ 2,00,000 10 ₹ 20,00,000 ₹ 6,66,667 ₹ 6,66,667 ₹ 6,66,667 Plant Installation of RO Installation Rs 5000/- per plant ₹ 5,000 10 ₹ 50,000 ₹ 16,667 ₹ 16,667 ₹ 16,667 plant Maintenance of RO RO Maintenance for 3 year @ 10,000/ year/ RO ₹ 10,000 30 ₹ 3,00,000 ₹ 1,00,000 ₹ 1,00,000 ₹ 1,00,000 Plant

Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

Approx. 6362 sqm equivalent to ground coverage ₹ 0 of super structure creates @ trenching Rs 45.85/sqm; uprooting weeds 2.9/sqm; uprooting vegetation Rs 35.75/sqm; supply stacking of Land Land reclamation earth Rs 332.55/sqm; supply manure Rs 192.05/ 3 Environment of nearby area sqm, grassing Rs 10.4/ sqm, Bed preparation Rs 130.25/ sqm, tree guard Rs 259/sqm, filing earth and sludge Rs 10.7/ sqm, anti-terminate treatment Rs 47.6/tree, plant of 75 trees @ - - ₹ 15,60,000 ₹ 0 ₹ 15,60,000 1500/tree other charges Distribution of PPE ₹ 0 - - ₹ 1,00,000 ₹ 1,00,000 ₹ 0 to labour Cost of 1,00,000 Noise 4 Environment Awareness ₹ 0 program in nearby - - ₹ 50,000 ₹ 25,000 ₹ 25,000 area for Noise Cost of 50,000 Plantation in ₹ 0 500 trees @ Rs. 1500/tree nearby area ₹ 1,500 500 ₹ 7,50,000 ₹ 3,75,000 ₹ 3,75,000 Ecological Conservation of In consideration with DFO, donation on different ₹ 0 5 Environment Fauna I species activities to Forest department - - ₹ 20,00,000 ₹ 20,00,000 ₹ 0 Development of In consideration with Panchayat, development of ₹ 0 Park Panchayat Park. - - ₹ 5,00,000 ₹ 0 ₹ 5,00,000 Providing Different ₹ 0 200 bin @ 2000 per/pcs ₹ 2,000 200 ₹ 4,00,000 ₹ 2,00,000 ₹ 2,00,000 Waste Colour Coded Bins 6 Management Organic Waste ₹ 15,00,000 3 ₹ 45,00,000 ₹ 15,00,000 ₹ 15,00,000 ₹ 15,00,000 Converter Total ₹ 1,66,60,000 ₹ 66,72,333 ₹ 48,01,333 ₹ 51,86,333

Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

7 NATURAL RESOURCE & COMMUNITY RESOURCE AUGMENTATION PLAN & BUDGETARY PROVISION

S.no Component Activity Proposed Further Remarks Rate Quantity Total Cost Year I Year II Year III Rainwater harvesting along Rain water with the storm water harvesting pit channelization ₹ 3,00,000 3 ₹ 9,00,000 ₹ 3,00,000 ₹ 3,00,000 ₹ 3,00,000 Drinking Facility RO Plant 5 ₹ 2,00,000 5 ₹ 10,00,000 ₹ 3,33,333 ₹ 3,33,333 ₹ 3,33,333 Natural Providing Solar 1 Augmentation Lighting in the 1% of total power (40 KW) will village and School be solar ₹ 1,00,000 40 ₹ 40,00,000 ₹ 0 ₹ 20,00,000 ₹ 20,00,000 Training to the Training to the farmers on farmers on agriculture field to increase agriculture yield ₹ 1,00,000 1 ₹ 1,00,000 ₹ 50,000 ₹ 50,000 ₹ 0 Construction of 10 number of toilets will be sanitation facilities provided ₹ 50,000 10 ₹ 5,00,000 ₹ 2,50,000 ₹ 2,50,000 ₹ 0 Medical Check-up camp in nearby Medical health check-up camp Community area for labour ₹ 2,00,000 1 ₹ 2,00,000 ₹ 1,00,000 ₹ 1,00,000 ₹ 0 2 Welfare Maintenance of Maintenance of 150m length front road and 8m wide ₹ 13,000 150 ₹ 20,00,000 ₹ 20,00,000 ₹ 0 ₹ 0 Providing Computers in the schools 20 computers @ 30,000 ₹ 30,000 20 ₹ 6,00,000 ₹ 3,00,000 ₹ 3,00,000 ₹ 0 Total ₹ 93,00,000 ₹ 33,33,333 ₹ 33,33,333 ₹ 26,33,333

Group Housing “Spaze Privy AT4” at Sector-84, Gurugram Haryana

8 COST SUMMARY

Total cost to be spend for remediation of damage assessed during construction phase & Natural & Community Resource Augmentation Plan:

S.NO ITEM Total Cost Year I Year II Year III 1. Cost on remediation plan based on damage assessment due to violation ₹ 1,66,60,000 ₹ 66,72,333 ₹ 48,01,333 ₹ 51,86,333 2. Natural Resource and Community Resources Augmentation plan ₹ 93,00,000 ₹ 33,33,333 ₹ 33,33,333 ₹ 26,33,333 Total ₹ 2,59,60,000.00 ₹ 1,00,05,667 ₹ 81,34,667 ₹ 78,19,667

ANNEXURE-IV (TEST REPORT OF SOIL AND WATER)

ANNEXURE-V (ACTION TAKEN UNDER SECTION 19 OF THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986)