Unification of Italy

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NATIONALISM, STATE BUILDING&SOCIALREFORM1830–1914 STATE NATIONALISM, 4.06 © Diagram Unification ofItaly EVENTS 1845 0 75 150 miles Kingdom of Piedmont- Sardinia 1848 0 100 200 km AUSTRIAN EMPIRE Territory unified 1848–1849 Italian War of Independence. Nationalist rebellion against Magenta Custozza by 1861 Austrian rule of northern Italian states and Bourbon (French descent) Territory added rule of southern states. Nationalists are defeated by Austrians at battles LOMBARDY by 1870 of Custozza (Jul 1848) and Novara (Mar 1849). The independent Novara Border of 1850 Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, under King Victor Emmanuel II, E Solferino VENETIA Papal States becomes center of Italian nationalist movement C Venice N Turin Route of Garibaldi's 1852 Count Camillo Benso di Cavour becomes prime minister of A army 1860 R Piedmont and effects liberal reforms; supports founding of the National F PIEDMONT Route of Victor Society (1856) dedicated to unification of Italy under Piedmontese king Ravenna Emmanuel II 1860 1858 French emperor Napoleon III secretly agrees to support Piedmont Land battle war of liberation against Austria following Piedmont’s support of France T H Genoa E and Britain in the Crimean War (1853–56) TUSCANY M A R All electronic storage,reproduction, ortransmittal iscopyrightprotected bythepublisher. Castelfidardo C 1855 H 1859 War of Italian Unification begins. Early victories for Piedmont E UM S BR over Austrians at battles of Magenta and Solferino (Jun). Piedmont IA Adriatic Sea receives Lombardy. France betrays promise to support Italian unity, K I N agreeing to Austrian control of Venetia in Treaty of Zürich (Nov) Corsica G D Mentana O May 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi, Piedmontese activist, invades Sicily (Fr.) M O with 1,000 revolutionary volunteers (known as the Red Shirts). Victories Rome F T against Neapolitans at Calatafimi (May) and Milazzo (Jul) Gaeta H E Sep 1860 Garibaldi captures Naples after unopposed march through T 1860 W southern Italy. Francis II, Bourbon king of Naples (Kingdom of the Two Volturno O S Sicilies), escapes to Gaeta. Battle of Castelfidardo: Piedmontese, I SARDINIA Naples C under Victor Emmanuel, enter Papal States and defeat papal forces I L I Feb 1861 Capture of Gaeta (follows long siege and Garibaldi’s victory E ONFILE™ WORLD HISTORY Tyrrhenian S over Neapolitans at Volturno, Oct 1860). End of Bourbon rule in Italy Sea Mar 1861 Kingdom of Italy proclaimed under Victor Emmanuel. Naples, Sicily, Umbria, and the Marches vote to unite with northern Calatafimi THE AGEOFREVOLUTION states. Papal Rome remains independent (protected by France) Milazzo 1865 Published byFacts OnFile,Inc. 1866 Battle of Custozza. Italy defeats Austrian forces in Venetia. Venetia joins Kingdom of Italy Sicily 1867 Battle of Mentana. Garibaldi’s march on Rome is defeated by Me papal forces and French troops dit er ran ea 1870 Italians conquer Rome while France is engaged in war with n Se Germany (Franco-Prussian War, 1870–71). Rome becomes capital city a 1870 of Italian kingdom. Pope retains rule over Vatican State in Rome.

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Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / ITALY
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / ITALY Date Country Theme 1800 - 1814 Italy Cities And Urban Spaces In the Napoleonic age, monumental architecture is intended to celebrate the glory of the new regime. An example of that is the Foro Bonaparte, in the area around the Sforza’s Castle in Milan (a project by Giovanni Antonio Antolini). 1800s - 1850s Italy Travelling The “Grand Tour” falls out of vogue; it used to be a period of educational travel, popular among the European aristocrats in the 17th and 18th centuries. Its primary destination was Italy. In the second half of the 19th century, vanguard artists no longer looked at Roman antiquities and Renaissance for inspiration. 1807 - 1837 Italy Cities And Urban Spaces In Milan, Luigi Cagnola completes the construction of the Arch of Peace, started during the Napoleonic age and inspired by the Arc du Carrousel in Paris. The stunning architectures of the Napoleonic age use arches, obelisks and allegorical groups of Roman and French classical inspiration. 1809 Italy Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1837), philosopher, scholar and one of the greatest Italian poets of all times, writes his first poem. 1815 - 1816 Italy Rediscovering The Past Antonio Canova, acting on behalf of Pope Pio VII, recovers from France several pieces of art belonging to the Papal States, which had been brought to Paris by Napoleon, including the Villa Borghese’s archaeological collection. 1815 - 1860 Italy Political Context Italian “Risorgimento” (movement for national unification). 1815 Italy Political Context The Congress of Vienna decides the restoration of pre-Napoleonic monarchies: Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont, Genoa, Sardinia); Kingdom of Two Sicilies (Southern Italy and Sicily), the Papal States (part of Central Italy), Grand Duchy of Tuscany and other smaller states.
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