4.06 WORLD HISTORY ON FILE™ NATIONALISM, STATE BUILDING & SOCIAL REFORM 1830–1914 THE AGE OF REVOLUTION Unification of Italy

S I E I L I C S

Kingdom of Piedmont- Sardinia 1848 unified Territory by 1861 added Territory by 1870 Border of Papal States Route of Garibaldi's army 1860 Route of Victor Emmanuel II 1860 Land battle O W T Adriatic Sea E H T

F Milazzo O M Sicily O D Castelfidardo G S N E I H K Gaeta C a R Calatafimi e

EMPIRE A Naples M IA Volturno S AUSTRIAN R E Sea

Venice H B n Ravenna T M a U e

Tyrrhenian n

VENETIA VENETIA VENETIA a rr Rome Mentana Custozza e it d e TUSCANY M LOMBARDY Solferino 150 miles Magenta 200 km

Genoa Corsica (Fr.) PIEDMONT

75 Novara

Turin SARDINIA 100

E

C N A R F 0 0 National (Nov) (Jul) : Piedmontese, (Jun). Piedmont Milazzo . Nationalist rebellion against Solferino Treaty of Zürich Treaty . Early victories for Piedmont and (Mar 1849). The independent (Mar 1849). (May) and , Piedmontese activist, invades Sicily while France is engaged in war with (follows long siege and Garibaldi’s victory (follows long siege and Garibaldi’s , Oct 1860). End of Bourbon rule in Italy proclaimed under Victor Emmanuel. proclaimed under Victor Novara Battle of Castelfidardo Magenta . Italy defeats Austrian forces in Venetia. . Italy defeats . Garibaldi’s march on Rome is defeated by . Garibaldi’s Calatafimi Volturno (Jul 1848) and Garibaldi captures Naples after unopposed march through (1856) dedicated to unification of Italy under Piedmontese king French emperor Napoleon III secretly agrees to support Piedmont Count Camillo Benso di Cavour becomes prime minister of Custozza 1858 support of France Austria following Piedmont’s war of liberation against (1853Ð56) and Britain in the Crimean War Feb 1861 Capture of Gaeta over Neapolitans at Germany (Franco-Prussian War, 1870Ð71). Rome becomes capital city Germany (Franco-Prussian War, State in Rome of Italian kingdom. Pope retains rule over Vatican 1870 Italians conquer Rome Naples, Sicily, Umbria, and the Marches vote to unite with northern Naples, Sicily, states. Papal Rome remains independent (protected by France) May 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi with 1,000 revolutionary volunteers (known as the Red Shirts). Victories against Neapolitans at Mar 1861 Kingdom of Italy Sep 1860 southern Italy. Francis II, Bourbon king of Naples (Kingdom of the Two Francis II, Bourbon king of Naples (Kingdom the southern Italy. Sicilies), escapes to Gaeta. under Victor Emmanuel, enter Papal States and defeat papal forces under Victor receives Lombardy. France betrays promise to support Italian unity, receives Lombardy. in Austrian control of Venetia agreeing to EVENTS of Italian Unification begins 1859 War Austrians at battles of over Austrian rule of northern Italian states and Bourbon (French descent) Austrians at battles rule of southern states. Nationalists are defeated by of Emmanuel II, Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, under King Victor becomes center of Italian nationalist movement Society joins Kingdom of Italy Venetia 1848Ð1849 Italian War of Independence 1848Ð1849 Italian War 1852 liberal reforms; supports founding of the Piedmont and effects 1866 Battle of Custozza 1867 Battle of Mentana papal forces and French troops 1845 1850 1855 1860 1865 1870

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