NATIONALISM, STATE BUILDING&SOCIALREFORM1830–1914 STATE NATIONALISM, 4.06 © Diagram Unification ofItaly EVENTS 1845 0 75 150 miles Kingdom of Piedmont- Sardinia 1848 0 100 200 km AUSTRIAN EMPIRE Territory unified 1848–1849 Italian War of Independence. Nationalist rebellion against Magenta Custozza by 1861 Austrian rule of northern Italian states and Bourbon (French descent) Territory added rule of southern states. Nationalists are defeated by Austrians at battles LOMBARDY by 1870 of Custozza (Jul 1848) and Novara (Mar 1849). The independent Novara Border of 1850 Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, under King Victor Emmanuel II, E Solferino VENETIA Papal States becomes center of Italian nationalist movement C Venice N Turin Route of Garibaldi's 1852 Count Camillo Benso di Cavour becomes prime minister of A army 1860 R Piedmont and effects liberal reforms; supports founding of the National F PIEDMONT Route of Victor Society (1856) dedicated to unification of Italy under Piedmontese king Ravenna Emmanuel II 1860 1858 French emperor Napoleon III secretly agrees to support Piedmont Land battle war of liberation against Austria following Piedmont’s support of France T H Genoa E and Britain in the Crimean War (1853–56) TUSCANY M A R All electronic storage,reproduction, ortransmittal iscopyrightprotected bythepublisher. Castelfidardo C 1855 H 1859 War of Italian Unification begins. Early victories for Piedmont E UM S BR over Austrians at battles of Magenta and Solferino (Jun). Piedmont IA Adriatic Sea receives Lombardy. France betrays promise to support Italian unity, K I N agreeing to Austrian control of Venetia in Treaty of Zürich (Nov) Corsica G D Mentana O May 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi, Piedmontese activist, invades Sicily (Fr.) M O with 1,000 revolutionary volunteers (known as the Red Shirts). Victories Rome F T against Neapolitans at Calatafimi (May) and Milazzo (Jul) Gaeta H E Sep 1860 Garibaldi captures Naples after unopposed march through T 1860 W southern Italy. Francis II, Bourbon king of Naples (Kingdom of the Two Volturno O S Sicilies), escapes to Gaeta. Battle of Castelfidardo: Piedmontese, I SARDINIA Naples C under Victor Emmanuel, enter Papal States and defeat papal forces I L I Feb 1861 Capture of Gaeta (follows long siege and Garibaldi’s victory E ONFILE™ WORLD HISTORY Tyrrhenian S over Neapolitans at Volturno, Oct 1860). End of Bourbon rule in Italy Sea Mar 1861 Kingdom of Italy proclaimed under Victor Emmanuel. Naples, Sicily, Umbria, and the Marches vote to unite with northern Calatafimi THE AGEOFREVOLUTION states. Papal Rome remains independent (protected by France) Milazzo 1865 Published byFacts OnFile,Inc. 1866 Battle of Custozza. Italy defeats Austrian forces in Venetia. Venetia joins Kingdom of Italy Sicily 1867 Battle of Mentana. Garibaldi’s march on Rome is defeated by Me papal forces and French troops dit er ran ea 1870 Italians conquer Rome while France is engaged in war with n Se Germany (Franco-Prussian War, 1870–71). Rome becomes capital city a 1870 of Italian kingdom. Pope retains rule over Vatican State in Rome.