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80
• • THE INDIAN IN SOUTH AFRICA Ho11'ble ~r.hafa'at Ahmad Ji{han, member of the Provisional Government . • oHndia, at a party in South Africa • The Indian in South Africa
By SIR SH.AFA'AT .AHM.AD- KHAN
KIT ABIS TAN ·ALLAHABAD . FIRST PuBLISHED IN 1946
' COPYRIGHT RESERVED BY THE AUTHOR
PlliNTED BY J• K. SHARMA AT'THE ALLAHABAD LAW JOURNAL PRESS, ALLAHABAD .AND PUBLISHED BY KITABISTAN, ALLAHAB.AD PREFACE
The book contains speeches delivered in ~941-1945 to cultural and political· organisations in South Af:Qca. It does not deal with the history of the Indian commu nity during this period,· as this would have involved reference to many confidential documents whlch must~ for obvious reasons, remain confidential for the presf1e1t. I have made no change in the text of the addresses and they are published in the form in which they were deli- vered at the time •• Only a few, words have been added here and there to make them intelligible. Tlie address on ~ej Indian community was delivered in 1942. It has been recast and brought up-to-date. In this address, I have discharged the function of a rapportefll' and summarised the viewpoints of different schools of thought on lhe issue. Hence this section expresses the v}ews of all sections of Indian opinion. The Government of India are not respon sible for the views expressed in this book. No confidential documents have been used for the purpose, and~ arklres~ on the Indian community in South Africa, which has been re-written, is based wholly on published material. I have added a supplementary section, section VII, to bring th~ story of the Indian race in South Africa ua-t.Q date. It deals 'irith the controversy over the Land Tenure Bill. Photographs ofsome important events hav~ also been added. vi PREFACE I am grateful.to my old pupil, nt. }3isheshwar Prasad, 1 lfecturer in: Hi~tory, Allahabad University, for the trouble he has taken in seeing the book through the press. His 'help~as been indispensable. If the book serVes to improve relations between India and South Mrica, and Europeans and Indians· in the Union of South Mrica, I sha~ be ampJy rewtrded~
NEW DELHI THEAU'I'HOR c April, 1946 CONTEN'I'S
PAGES SECTION I-INDIAN CoMMUNITY IN '£HE UNION OF SOU'l'H AFRICA Racial elements in the 'population-the European and the non-European •• I Hertzog deprives the Native of the parliamentary votl and subjects him to other disabilities • • . ~ • • • Emigration of Indians into Natal, the Cape and the Transvaal · • • • ~ • • j-6 Occupational distribution • • . . 6-8 Cheapness and efficiency.oflndian labour 9 Discriminatory laws against the Indian worker ~- · Io-Jo3 Prosperity of Natal and the Transvaal due to the skill and · industry of the Indians • • • • · 13-16 Indians in the Transvaal •• 16-I7· Legislation against the Indian in Natal during IB!H-19o9 17-19 Mahatma Gandhi's Satyagi:aha; Gandhi-Smuts Pact 19-23 Segregation a part of the European creed a. Cape Town Agreement of 1927 • • • • • • • • • • 2.3-:-30 Feetham and Broome Commissions 30 The Pegging Act of 1943 31-35 Agitation against the Act •• .J .. 36 The Pretoria Pact,. I 944 •. ~6-37 Colour Bar in South Mrica 38~41 Dr: Matan•s advocacy of the Indian Case . 41-42. Failure of the Church to mitigate 'the rigours of Colour-Bar • • • • . • · • • • • · 44-U7•• University of Witwatersrand's contributi~n to the liberal cause in South Mrica · 4S_:46 The South Mrican Labour Party •• 46-48 Indian Trade Unions in Natal 49 viii CONTENTS
PAGES The Indian •in East Mrica (Kenya, ~ ganda and Tanganyika) 49-H ~European elements in population-Mrikaner, English bdJewish ...... • .• Classes from which Indian community in the Union is drawn 63-66 The Natal Indian Congress and the Indians in Natal (7-75 Objections against the presence of Indians discussed 75....:...78 Need of restoration of franchise to Indians 78-79 Franchisw qualifications and representation in Councils Direct negotiation between the Union Government . and the Government. of India suggested for settle ment of all disputes Education of ltl.dians ']:'he Social uplift of the Indian Community : Segrega tion laws 96-107 • Colonial system
PAGES India's contribution to World Culture-Music~Medie I val Saints-work of Asoka and Harsha 165-170 Mugbal institutions and culture .. 179-flfo India's debt to American missionaries 18z-183 Indian problem to be judged from a new angle 184-186 SECTION m-~EuRoPEAN Co-oPERATioN I87~2H ( 1) Progress of Natal 188-192 Indian Pioneers in Natal • • . • • • . 192 Defects of the Indian make-u~Educational deficiencies -Need of an Indian University College . • !. Indian Immigration into Natal-Heroism of the Indian youth (z) Address at the South Mrican Institute b£-Race Relations at Pietermaritzburg •. Z.ZJ:-25$' Social growth in South Africa .•• ZZ7-Z30
European Culture • • a 231-1l-33 'l Condition of early Indian immigrants-Raising of th; Standard of living and assimilation of Western ideas and mode of life • • • • • • • • . . • • 2H-Z31.._ Indians in industry and agriculture, commerce and trade 237-241 Indian education-Need of a l'et=hnical College ., 241-244 Unemployment-Poor Relief-Post-Waf Readjustment 244-24~ Housing of Indians 246-248
Social Service •• i 248 Conclusion •• 248-255 SECTION IV-EDUCATION OF THE INDIANS $'-. 2"56-311 (1) Speech at Doornufontei.ti.Indian School at Johan- nesburg · Free and compulsory elementary education Ideal system of education in Plato's 'Republic' •. (z) Address to the Negro teachers at the Adams College1 Natal • • . . • • • • • • • • • . 261-z87 Principles and theories of Education z6i-273 Mill's views on the subject-John Adams' EvolutiOf.\Of Educational theory; Herbert Spencer's conception of education · .. ~ 273-274 X CONTENTS
• PAGES Prof. Jo~ DeW'ey-Technique of education-Problems of a teacher • . • • • • • • • • . • • • jeaching of History and the Oassics---Marxian inter- . pletation of history • • · • • • • • . • • Russian educational system {3) Address at Gold Street Government Indian School, ~hannesburg Indian Education in the Transvaal-Progress of the com- munity-The Renaissance in India .. {4) Add,ress in honour of General Piennar, Administrator of the Tfansvaal at Laugham Hotel, Johannesburg •• The Transvaal Commission of 1937
SECTION v -l'Hi INDIAN PROBLEM IN SOUTH AFRICA (1) Speech to Natal Indian Association •. Close contact between India ~nd Natal-Start of Mahatma Gan~s career 312 ~verse~' Department's solicitude for Indians Overseas 313-314 Two Indian bodies in Natal · 314 Indian's motto in South Mri~Unity and solidarity •• 31, Fundamental changes in India during the last two decades 316-317 India's pa.t in World War II · •• 318-319 · (z) Reply to welcome aqdress at Cape Town •• 320-338 Beauty of Durban, Johannesburg, Praetoria and Cape Town 3Zl-3ZZ Work of the High Commissioner •. 323-324 India '"Act ~1931 •• 3Z3-3ZS The Indian Renaissance 327-328 Indian Army and India's part in World War II .p8-HZ Comparative backwardness of Indians ln Cape Province 3H-HS National policy of the Overseas Department H6 I:da-Eur9pean Co-operation.Essential' •• H7 (3) :;peech at the South Mrican Indian Congress, Johannesburg Work of tht Congress praised Progresi made by Indians in South Mrica CONTENTS xi
PAGES • The Interim Act of•1939 and Pegging Act of 194) (4) Address to Natal Indian Congress, Durban Necessity of developing lllumonious reiations with , .""' ' Europeans 3H-H4 Unity among Natal Indians stressed . 3H-H7 Importance of social security 358 (J) Inaugural address to the Natal Indian Congress 361.1..388 Indians in Natal-work of Mr. A. I. Kajee-Mr. P. R. Pather and Mr. S. R. Naid.oo •• Foundation of the Natal Indian Congress in 1894 ~ Mahatma Gandhi · Indo-European Co-operation and freedom from disCrimi- nating laws-essential needs of Indians · • . • . 368-373 Problem of Indian housing in Durban • • • • 374. The disastrous consequences of the Pegging Act 374-375 Broome Commission's (of 1937) recommendation •• 37J-377 Political rights for the Indian Community • 377-!'19 Programme for Natal Indian Congress - •• 379-388
SECTION VI-FAREWELL TO .AFiuCA 389-399 (1) Speech at City Hall, Cape Town-Glories of India'~ Past-Buddha, Asoka and Akbar • • . • • • • 389-393• Indian progress in modern times: United'lndiaessential 394-397 (1) Speech to Transvaal Indian Congress at Johannes- burg •.• 4oo-41 J The City of Johannesburg 401-40Z Problems facing ·Indians in the Tran~aal-Ra~ bitterness after the war-Formation of the Anti-Asiatic League. 1917,Cape TownAgreement-Feetham Com- mission-The Interim and Pegging Acts • • . • 403-408 , Trade Licenses. Housing • • 4o8-4u Indians place in Transvaal economic and political life : ._., The Transvaal Indian Congress • . . • . . ' 4U-4ZJ (3) Farewell speech to Natal Indian Congress 41~474 Functions of the Indian Ambassador y 416 The Pegging Act • fd-419 xu CONTENTS
PAGES ,The Praetoria. Pact (1944)-Racial discJmination- Natal Ordinances 43o-437 .Structure of Segregation-Its consequences 437-440 J. M. Hofmeyer-Shepstone-The Pan-Mrican Project 34o-449 Russian Solution of racial groups 449-450 Future programme of Natal Indians 45o-46z. R!peal of the Pegging Act-Imperialism in Natal 462.-466 The Natal Indian Congress-Its leaders-Policy of the South Mrican government towards Indians based on racial superiority •• . - SECTION Vll-LAND TENuRE BILL 475-577 Deputation. of Indian leaders to Smuts against the bill Indian depbuftion to India led by Sorabjee Rustamjee Mahatma Gandhi's work in South Mrica: Satyagraha .. Indian support to S. A. delegation-India decides to • apply "economit sanctions" .. Against South Mrica-Deputation to Viceroy-His Excellency's profound sympathy with the Indian cause-Statement of the Deputationists •. Mahatma Gandhi's attack on the proposed legislation in thi Harijan •• 489-490 Comments in the Indian Press 491-495 Provisions of the Bill • 495-497 Notice of termination of Trade Agreement on March z.s-The Resolution of the Congress Working Com mittee 497-499 Dr. Khar~nd Mr. Banerjee's Speeches •• 499-SOI Smuts' speech on the second reading of the Bill sox-so6 Odter speeches-Mr. B3.llinger's address-Mr. Hof meyr's speech-Views of the Labour Party Comments on Madeley's speech •. ttbour Party's amendment to the Bill_ •• Comments• on Smuts' speech on the Second Reading ·of the Bill--Contrast between Smuts and late Ramsay MacDonald . . Smuts'• position exceedingly weak CONl'EN'rS xili
PAGES • Racial discrimination against Indians not;l domestiC'i.ssue s1 J Smuts quotes analogy of communal franchise in India- Indian social system not based on segregation- • Smuts' unfair description of India's ~ocial system • . s14-517 The Indian middle class-Punjab in the 19th century---- diplomacy, intrigue and war.,-No patrioti~ policy or attempt at centralisation-The "Babu" class • • 518-..53 8 Dillon's account of the Russian peasant 539-540 India during zBoj-1856-Causes of India's decay-Ad- vent of popular Ministeries w~ help in removing. all evils 54o-5 4 5 Debate on the Land Tenure Bill-Dr. Malan's argu,- ments .. Views of the Government of lndja on the; Bill-Recall. of the Indian High Commissioner 54~551 Indian issue to go to U. N. 0. S51-SS3 Franchise clauses of the Bill • 55.3-5"" Progress of the Bill in the Senate sss-55s Comments on the Debate •• Moscow radio's attack on racial discr.imjnation in Mrica no-nz Failure of Cape Liberals • • • • •571-573 Indians advised to launch Satyagraha by Mahatma Gandhi and Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehnt-Satyagraha begins on June 14 • • • • • • • • • • 574-577
APPENDIX A-THE ATLANTic CHARTER ns-n9 APPENDIX B-SA.N FRANCISCO CHARTER OF' THE, UmTED NAnoNs • • sBo-sB.3 INDEX
Abid, Mr., 7I. Amir 'Khan, founder. of Tonk Abul Fazl, I73. St~te, s3 I. Act 37 of 1919, 63. Amsterdam, 135, 139. Acton, LOrd, 75, 354-Ho 395· Angola, 73, 109. . .Adam, Sir John, 273· Anti-Asiatic League, 404._ Adam Mission, 26I. Appa Sahib, s34· Adams College, Natal, 261-62. Apprenticeship Act (I942),11..j.o. Adamson, 286. Arabia, so-p. Addison, Col., 8. Arabs, traders, 7, s2. Addison, Lord, sS 9· -- in East Africa and· Zan.U Afghanistan, 175, 390. bar, s6-p. Africa, 73. See also East ,Africa; Areas Reservation Bill, 27. French Africa; South Africa; Arthashastra, 219. South-West German Africa. . Asia arid Asiatics, 4, 88, xoo, Afrikaner, 2, 4, 25. p,. s8~ S9. . 104, 124- . u6, 134-147· · Asia, Central, I7S. 390, 39I. Age Pensions Bill, u6. Asia M.inor, 205. • Agha Khan,-the, 48o, 492. Asiatic Land Tenure Advisory Ahmad Azamshah, Mirza, 48 I. Board, 574· • · . Ahmad Ismail, 3 52. Asoka, King of Magadha or Akbar, Mughal Emperor, I70, Bihar, 8 3, x68, I70'fi.7I; 344, 173, I7S-78, 390· 532, J40. 389-390, 532· ' Alamein, I II. Asquith, H~ H., Prime Mipister, Alauddin Khilji, 171. 40· Alexander, Morris, Advocate, Assam, I7S· M.P., 25, 6x.· "Assignment in Utopia," (Lyons), Amalgamated Engineering Union,, 283. • 245· Athens, 270. Amboyna, I 37. Adantic Charter, sxs-6, 520, ns- America, 321, 26z-63. 79· American Civil War, 300. Arlee; Cement, Prime Minister,· Commonwealth, 56 3. 559· .· . Congress, 247. Auchinleck, Sir Claude, 111, xu, American Dilemma (Mysdall), 436. 218. Americans, s8. Augustus, 301, -- iu India, I8z-I83. Aurangzeb, Mughal EJPaeror, -- their Schools, 2.75-2.77. I7SoSJI. INDEX
A~robindo Ghose, I67. Bose, Sarat Chandra, 480.' Austrdia, 520. ·Botanic Gardens, 'Transvaal, 346. A.zamshah Ahmad Mirza, 48 I, Brazil, I09, 48 5. (· . • l\razzaville, 1o7. r. (, ' Bright, John, 3H· Baber, Mughal Emperor, 176-177· Brookes, Senator, 46, 261, 5B, Babus, 538. 562-6~, 564. Bagleys' Craftmanship in Teaching, Broome, Justice, 30, 69, 242. 285. f Broome Indian Penetration Com Baji Row, the last Peshwa, 534,· mission, 30, 33, 36, 69, 90, 92, 535· 345. 375. 406, 495. 505. 521, Ballard, Dr., z8 5. 523· . Ballinger, Mr., M.P., H9• 506. Brown, Rupert Ellis, 428. ' Ballinger, Mrs., 3 I, 32, 46, 347, Browning, Robert, 298-99, 529...... 565! Bryce, Lord, 147, 397• 569. Balliol, Master of, 2.28. Buchan, Member of. Milner''S Banerjea,.R. N., 478-So, 500. Kindergarten, u, 2.27. Bantam, I3J. · Buchanan, Douglas, 46. Bantus, 25, 97, I09. Buchanan, Robert, 300. Barbosa, Duarte, so-p. Buddha, the, 390, 527. Barnaveldt, I37· Buddhism, I65, 166, 213, 344, Baroda, I68. 396. Basner, A. M., Senator, 55 5, BuddhiJ-t Record of the lfl'e.rtern 5 59-564. . . World (Tr. by Beale), I68. Bassa, A. R. G. H., 486. Bunyon, Lawrence, 176. Beale, I68. ,.. Burgers, President, I44· Beauman Commiss1on, 28. Burke, Edmund, I49, 347, 353· Belgian Congo, Io7, 109-IIO. .Burrows, Prof., 225, 133. ' -- Kawnga, 73· Burma, 16, III, 220-221,396, 540. Belgium, Io7-I09, 15 I, 2.76. Burt, Cyril, 28 5. Benga), I 7S • Burton, Henry, 13, 63, 77, 55 I. • Benoni, 309. Bushmen, 195· Berg, Vander, 546. Berlin, 270. Caeser, Julius, 276. Bhabha, S. J., 486. Cairo, I II, I 12. Bhawani Dayal, Swami, '486. Calcutta, x68;494· . Bihar, 8. -- Madrasah, 22 5. Birrell, Augustine, 258. Calicut, 11 3. ' Bismarck, 39 3. . Callwell, Mr., 511. Bismillah, M. H., 486. Calpin, Mr., 24-15. Blackwell,, Leslie, 6 I. Calpin, A. G., Editor, "Natal Bok~ara, I74· , Witness," 3 5. Boksburg, 129, I32, 309. Calvin, 228, 168. Bo~:l¥• x6x, 277, 494· Cambay, 49· ' Bonsai, Col., 520. ·Cambridge Universi-ty, 203, 275. -~ INDEX
Canterbury,• Df"jln of, z84. Commission of Enquicy, z;. Cape Indian Congress, 70; po. Common Sense, Johanni!sburg Cape Town, 25. 61, 86, 103, u6, Periodical, 3 1. • • ZIJ, 3Z2. • Congo, 73, xo8, 109, liZ, qo. Qtpe T~wn Agreem,nt (1927), Copper Belt, xos. • _ ~ _ 27-29, 33-34, 41, 1oo, .u6, 193, Copper Company, N@rthern 197, z34, 238,324. 384,40j,488. Rhodesia, II o. • Cape Town University, 93, 243. Courladi, 7. . 4IJ. Craftmanship in Teachi~g, ·(B-agley), Carlyle, Thoro~, I 3 S. . zSs. . Carnegie Commission (1932), 48. Crimean War, i4o. •casement, Roger, 108. Cultural Heritage of India, 167 • Cassino, 391, 396. Curzon, 138. Catholic Churclt, 109. . ... Cavour, 393· Dadoo, Dr. Yusuf M.; ·71, 480, Ceylon, 88. no, n6. . Chaman Lal, Diwan, sso-n; Dai!J Worker, London, sH· Chiang Kai Shek, 4 70. Danish, S7· China & Chinese, I 6, II s, u4, Dares Salam, Hd4. xo6. 180-J8I, 277. Darwin, z. 7 3. --Travellers, u9. Deepkloof, 98, 409. . ' Choudri, Kamaluddin, 486. De Gobineau, Arthur, 447· ·chowdhry, Ashwin, 475, JS9· Delhi, 391. Chowdhry. Col., III. Desai, M. D., 486. Christianirx, us, 25 3· Desai, P. K., 486. Christopher, Albert, 64, 469-70, Deshmukh, P~. M., SS 7. 47l· Devonshire, 189. Churches. Catholic, 109; Non- Dewey, Prof. John, \73-74, 433· Conformist, 44 S. De Witt, 138 • • ---Protestant, 4J6, 44-s. Dillon, pr. E. 1., 139-40•. Churchill, Winston, 3o s3, 368, Donge, Dr. T. E., 146. • 386. ·-- Donhauser, 29, 477· Oarkson, Senator, 69, 410, H S, Doornfontein Indian and Colour- ss6, SS7o s6o. . _ . ed School, Johannesbur&, 256. Oass Areas :Sill (1925), 26, us, Dundee, 29, 239, 477· 40J. . Dunkirk, 3 14. Coal, z9, 211. Durban, 7, 9, 17, 33. 3S. 93-94, Colour Bar Act, (19zs), zS, 29. 102-IOJ, 1J I, 189, 2.40, J2;(;. Coloured Persons Rights Bill, 84. 4Z7• Columbia University Teachers -- City Council, 34, 114. College, zBs. -- Communist Parry, 1oo. Columbus, 196. -- Corporation, 29, 1rf. 214, Comenius, 274· : 432, 4f7o SZI· Com~ercial Distributive Work'ers Dutch, f7, 1ox, 134.,~ 136, Union, ~4S· IH-41, I4S· • INDEX . ' --"· ~· I. Coy., 140 .. 'Experimental Pe~agogy,' z85. --. Nl\tional Assembly, 25. Fazli Husain, Sir, 336. -- Repu~lic, I38. ~ -- Reformed Church, 4 5. Hederation of Indian Association, __ r.Jni-,:ersities, I38 •. Great Britain, 5 59· . r. .,, . Feetham Commission, 30, sf8, ~ East Africa, I3, I6, 39, 49, 50-52, 309, 4o5, 4o8, 409· Feltre, Vittorino Da, z7o. 54; 56- 5'Z· 7.1 3• Ebouve, H1s Excellency, I07. Financial Relations Committee, Madame, 107. 94· z76. Eclipse of Russia 5 39· Flemings, (Dillon), Florence, I88, zzo. Economic Commission, I I. 380. Economic Sanctions, 494· Foch, Forsyth, Mr., 6x. Educa~ion, Adam's views on, Fort Capuzzo, xn. 27, 37· --in America, 275. Fort Hare, z6I, 4I7-I8. Fort Hare College, 93, 2.05. -- in China, 2 77. Posher-Watson, z86. 54· -- Darwin on, Fotheringham, 409. · --Prof. Dewey on, 273-74. France, 45; I07, Io8, II5. -- in England, 257, 274-75. France, Port: RQyal School';· z6o. -- in European Countries, 257. Franchise Act, I 24. · -- in Germany, 274. Franchise Ordinance, I z4. -- in India, 2 57. Frankel, I Io. -- in Italy, 391. Freedom and Culture, 43 3-34.' --in Japan, 3I. Free World Associati~n, 434· -.- Principles of, e-62-73. -- in Russia, 270. French Mrica, 40, 73. Io7. --technique of, 274-278. Gandhi, Mahatma, IS, I8, x'9, z3, --of g;uth African Indians, 64, 66, IZ5, I63, 294, 3IZ-13. 200-206, Z5 6-3 II, 4II. 36I, 367, 370, 398, 467, 475-78,. I Education Commission, Z4Z. 489, 49I, 494· 574. n6, 543· Egypt, 54z. Gandhi, Mahatma, Autobiograpl:fy Elgin, Lord, 18. of, I93· Elizabethville, IIZ. Gandhi-Smuts Pact, zi, 551· Ellis;Rayer, Editor, Rand Dai!J ~ges Valley, 104. Mail, 35· Gardee, Ismail Y., Moulvi, 486. England and the English, z, 4. Germans, 3 I, n. I40, I46-47. ,.-. 36, 37,59-61, IOI, IIO, II5, I45• ·196, z6z-63, z66, z68-69, Z74· Erasmus, I34-I35· Germiston, 309. Eritrea, 73· Gertrude, Mrs. Sarah, Novelist, Essack, J. A., 486. 48. Eurofie and Europeans, z, 4. 5-6, Ghetto Bill, IZ7, 480, 569, no. 33-34, 73, I04, Io8, ZI4, 448. Gladstone, 353· _Evolulfolf'· of Educational Theory, Glendale, I 3. (Ada~), 2.73· . Goa, 177. INDEX ) Godf1\:y, ). W.,·Advocate, 366, Hoernle, Prof. R. F. A., 46;.izs, 46B. • zz6, zz7, 441. • Goethe, xt6-47, z63, 270. Hofmeyer, Hon. J. H., cs, 31, 33, Goebbels, 274, zBCi. 35, 41, 46, 79, 9z,o93, 243, 4os, Gokal,~. A., 4B6. . 407, 44Z, 441, 472-73, J07, soB, Sokal, V. V., 4B6. • . 5 xo. · • • Gokhale, Hon. G. K., tB. Holland, 45, i36, 13B, 4<'Z. Gold, 43. so. Hottentot, 195. -- Coast, 73· · Hugo, 74· · • --Law, xzs. --Committee, 243· Goliardi, IH. Huguenots, n. 139· Gooch, Dr., zBo. -- French, 140. Goonan, Dr. Kaisbal, n6. Hullet, S~r Leige, 41, ZIS, 340 •• Govind Ram Hassaram, 4B6. Humayun, 176-xn. Gray, Prof. J. L., 31. Hyder Ali, I7S· Greek Historical Writing & ;Appo//o · (Wilamowitz), 136. . · Imperial Conference (1917), Greece, z6s. · (x9zo), z3, 77, B7, xzs, JSI.· Greek Colonists, zos.. India, n7. -- Travellers, zx9. --Central, 5zB. Guiat!a, British, zx3. --Dominion Status for, zoB-i:o, Gujrat, 49, p, Sh 96~ 97, zxs. . zzo. -.-·.-·Education in, ·zn-ss. . Haily, Lord., pz~ -- Govt. uf, ·1, 7, 26, 3J, 6z, Halfaya Pass, u9. 71, B7, B9, 104, xz6, xz7, Halifax; bord, 317. 236, S23, 549• • Hardinge, Lord, 87, us. -- Schootteachers in, 2.77. Haliidas, Indian Saint, 167. -- Primary education in, z S7. Harijan, the, 4B9. India and Democrary, ~B2. · · Harsha, Emperor, x69-l70, 171;. Indian National Congress, 497-92· Hazaree, Mr., 71. · Indian Settlers Association, 2 7. Hegel, 279. Indian Trade Unions, 41. 443· Heine, 263. Indo-European Council, 224. Hemming, Mr., 31, 347· Institutes of Akbar, (Abul. Fazl), Herbert, z63, 274. 173· • Hertzog, Gen., z, 24, 2B, 40, 41, Interim Act'of 1939, 30, 9B, xz6, 77, 239, 42.2, 435' 5ZI. 344-45, 405, 406, 441, SZZ-23, Hichens, W., so-p, 3B9. 544-45, szz-s23o 544-HS, • Rimmler, 274, z.86. Ismail, Ahmad, SS S • · History, teaching of, 278-B4. Italy, 191, 259, 274, 391. · History of South Africa (Teal), s68. Jaipur, 161. Hitler, 217, 31B. Jamaica, ZI 3. - .. Mein Kampf, z.86, J 18 •• Japan, 31, zo6, uo, 274, 49S· Hiuen T_sang, x6B, 169. Java, B8, 137-38. • • INDEX 5'90t . ' Jehangir's Memoirs, 177-78. Konkan, 96. Jews, n. 6x-6z.. Kosadia, I. E., 48G. - Jina, A ••E., 486. Kraal; 2.4. Jitmah, M. k.,., Qaid-e-Aum, 478, ~roger, Oo~ Paul, 143-4s, 307, 481,' 492., 49S, S51· 404· ('" JoJ?-adneslfurg, xo, 17, zi-2.3, 6s, Krugersdorp, Anti-Asiatic League 79, 98, IIS; 310-32.1, 401-40Z, at, 404~ 408, 441, s 16. . . -- Doorpfontein, Indian and Labour party, South Mrican, s 11, Coloured School at, zs6-z6o. pz. . -- Gold Street Govt. Indian Ladysmith, zo, 9 3. School, z88-9o. Laing's ~ek; 477· Jones, Rheinalt, 46. Lamu, so. Judicial Commission, s 2.3. Land Tenure Act,· 12.7, so8-so9, Julian,.Mr., 168. pz, 514, 519, sn-2.3, 538, S4S, 574-76. Kabir, Indian Saint, 167. Lane-Pool, Stanley, 170. Kabul, 391. Lange Commission on the Asiatic Kajee, A. I., 67, 35 z, 3 s 9, 36s, Enquiry ~192.1), 6, 8, 11,-16. 366, 396, 468. Latin Nations, 107. Kajee, Ahmad Sadeek M., 475. Lawrence, Harry, 389, 396.'398. 481,485. Lays of Andent Rome (Macaulay), Kaiser Akbar (Count Von Noer), 173. 170-171. Leach, Mr., z86. Kamal, Indian Saint, 167. Leacock, Prof. Stephen, x8o. Kampala, s;. League ofNatio~s, 10~, 107, 517, Kanauj, 169. • sz.o, sn, 57S· Kathiawar, p, 96. Leopoldville, 107, 108, 1 u. Kazi, H. B;or486. Lever Brothers, no. Kemal Pasha, Mustafa, 540, S41, Levesson, 402.. ~ S92., S47· · Ley, Dr., 432.. Kentridke, M., so6, S07· Libya, III, 191, u8, 2.2.0-2.1. Kenya, so, sz, 54, SS. 72_73, ·LifeofMetcalfe(Thompson), 532.. 1os-xo6, 113, 2.o6, 448. Lincoln, Abraham, 300. Khafi Y.:han, historian, 178. Lindsay, A. D., zz8. Kh Lodhia, M. R., 486. . are, Dr. N. B., 478-8o, 48t, London, education in, zo;, z7s. 499· z8s. K)abar A/-Am11 (A Chronicle of -- Qty Council, z.8s. Lamu), so. Long, B. K., M.P., 61. Khyber Pass 392.. Lorenzo, the Magnificent, x88. Kilwa, so. 1 Louis XIV, 141. Kindeitarten, Milner's, 2.2.7. Louwe, E. H., 546. Kipling, Rudyard, s u. Lo~edale, z61, 417-18. rKloof, 'Wti:er, 307. · Low, Capt., s 34· INDEX
Luckn
1021 IZJ, S20, j46,' 547..,49> Mohamed Barmania, ss 6. 4~9-6o, so4, sos. . . Mohammad, V. N., 486. Malaya, 220, 221. Mohomedy, M. I., 486 •. Maleston, s 28, SJ2, sB-74· Molteno, Mr., Nati~ Represen- Malik, Dr., Mayor of Tanganyika, · tative, Durbar, 31, 347, 546. ' 54· . Mombasa, so, g .. Mangalbhai, V. Patel, 486. Monserrati, 177·- Maritz, Mr., 8. Montgomery, 112.. Marx, 518, 279· Moola, I. A., 486. Masaryk, of Czechoslovakia, 281. Moors, the, 44 S. Masson, Mr., Commr. for Asiatic Moosa, A. B., 468. Affairs, H9· Morel, E. D., 108. Master, B. U., 486. Moscow Dy~amo Works, 283 •• Maurice the Stadtholder, 136-37. Moscow; no. Mauritious, 213, 214. Mother India (Miss Mayo), 465-66. Mayet, E. 1., 486. Moulvi, Mia, 94· · ' · Mayat, I. S., 486. Mudaliar, Sir Ramaswam}\ s 49-s 1. Mayo, Miss, 46s-66. Mughals, the, x68, 344, 391, S33: ' Mayne, General, 111. -- Paintings, 175-7C. INDEX • f Muhammad Iqbal, Sir, 26o, 327. Native Representation BKI, 84. Muhammad Sultan, 79, 243, 359· Nehru, Pt. Jawlfnarlal, 489, 55 I, Musi~, Indian, I63, I67-I68. 574· 1\{ussol.iD.i, 217. · • New Delhi, t49I. My Experiments with Tr11th (Mahat- New Guinea, 82. ma. Gaadhi), I9. New Yor]j;, 247. M]er~ Leo, Novelist, I7o. Newcastle, 20, 93, 477· · M~dal, Dr., 436. Negroes, 56, I of, ·;.:v8, Io9, 26I-62, 436, 489. Naickar, Dr., 576. Newman, Cardinal, 203. Naidoo, Sooba Rama, 481, 485. Nicholls, Heaton, 4 3 I. Naidu, Sarojini, 480. . Niekerf, C. A. Van, 564. Naidu, S. R., 64, 366, 475, 49I, Nigeria, 7 3. 491, 495· Noer, Count Von, I70-7I. Nairobi, 54· Norfolk, I9o. Nalantia, Bihar, I69. Nana Faranavis, 53 5. Old Borough, 30, H-39· Nana, S.M., 7I, 420. Oliver, Lord, 2I4. Nanak, Guru, Indian Saint, I67. Oman, Sir Charles, 279• Naran, M. J., 486. Oman, Imam of, 52. Natal, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, Io, 25. 63-69, "One world" (Wilkie), 252.~ 7I, 96, IOO, I88-9o, IP-59· Ontario, 205. 2I3, 2I4, 26I-62, 398. Orange Free St.ate, 75, I03, 124, Natal Agricultural Union, 8. I39· I47. 397. 4I4, 437· i . Natal Indian Association, 64, Ordinance of (I924), So. ~-::1. 312-I9; 355-56, 365, n6. Osmani, S.M., 486. •· :, Natal Indian Congr~s. 36, 37, 64, Overseas Dept., Govt.· of India, 67, 70, 12j, 352, 355-88, (Now Commonwealth Rela 4i6, 429, 443.452,457.467-70, tions Department), 314, 336. 474, n6!" Oxford University, 203, 275. Natal Indian Judicial Commission, 485 .... Palacky, Czeeh, Historian, 28I. Natal Provincial Council, 26, 113, Palmer, Dean, 4I. llj, 124, 43I, 513· Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, 489. Natal Ordinance (I924), 26, 68, Parekh, C •. R., 486. I04, "431. 434· Parekh, Mohan Lal R., 486. Natal Regional Conference, 225. Parekh, R. V., 486. Natal University College, 38, 74, Parekh, Z. V., 7I. 93. 203, Parker, E., 389. ~ational Council of Civil Liber- Pate, 50. ties, London, 55 9· Patel, B. D., 486. Nationalist Bl.oc, 4I9. Patel, M. H., 486. Nationality and Flag Bill,. 126. Patel, M. L., 486. ·Nativ:es in S. Africa, 4-5. Patel, N. R., 486. Native ~iV) 84. Patlians, 97, n2. \INDEX 59~ J Pather, •P. R., "$14, 67, ;66, 468, P11rdah, 98. 47S· Pather, V. C. S., 64. Quebec,,. I9o, zos. · Patidar, Q. V., 486.1 • Paulsen,~o;. Race Relations Committee, 46. Pearl Mosque, x66. Race Relations Institutl, zz1. Pegging.Ac~~3), 9: z9, ;s, Raikes, Principal, 45, 441. ~ . 39-41,49. 6;, 68, 104, n;, ns, Raja, N. M. D., 486. n8, 12.7, .t3S, 344, 346, .398-99, Rajputs, xz, 17.t-73, SJ8. 406-7, 4.t8-.t9, 434. 449. 487, Ram Krishna Paramfi.ansa, Shri, so3-4, 508-9, SI4, SI9-u, s6s. zzz. ,Persia, so, 390, ssz. Rand, 6o. Persian Gulf, I 6, so. Randeree, Essop Mohammad, Peshwa, s 3z. 486 .. Pestalozzi, Z74· Ranjit Singh, Maharaja~ I71~ Philip, V, 141. s;o. Phillips, Dr., 44, 14z, 418. Rashdall, zo;. Phoenix, zzz. Reciprocity Act, 38. Piennar, Gen., 304, 309, 41I. Red Indians, I 96. PieterJilaritzbur_g, 17, 74, 93. ISS. Rembrandt, 176. 187-88, ZZ4. ·Renaissance, German, z6 3. Pilgrim Fathers, zos. --Italian, zs9, z66. Pillays, 17. Rep11blic (Plato), z5 8. Plato, zs8, Z64. Rhodes, Cecil,. s xz. . Pliny, 389. Rhodesia, S4. 73· xos-6~ no, 448. Plotinus, ·3 o6. Rice, I97· Poland, s s z. Rig Veda, Ig7· Poltsh Jews, Ioz. Rohillas, s; i:. Port Royal School, France, z6o. Romain, Rolland, s ; \i • Portugal and Portuguese, sz, ·107, · Rome, no, z6;. · 109, I37. Rommel, III, ZI9· Portuguese East Africa, 494· Roos, Tielman, 144• Predikants, 4 s, s zo. Roosevelt, President, ;84, 436. _ · Premji, Hashmi, M. H., 480. Round Table Conference, z6, z8, Pretoria, u3, 3ZI, 410. · xz6, 393-94, SZI. Pretoria Act, 4z9, 3 I. Russia, 43. 71, z;z, z37, "!7o, .t76, Pretoria Agreement, H-;8, 12.7, z8;-87, 394-95, 456, su, S37· 407, s s6, s6o. -- byCurzon, 537· Pu-Yi, zzo. Rlluia To-daf& Tomorrow, S4~ Protector of Asiatic Immigrants, Rllssia in Central Asia (Curzon), 437· S37· . Provincial Govt. 11nder th1 Mogh11ls, Rustamjee, Jalbho/, 366. (Dr. Saran), 174. Rustamjee, Sorabjee, 67, '66, 469- Pu~lic Health Act, z7. 1 70, 47s. 481, 485, 491-9r, • Punjab, the, Sh zn. SZ9-;o. n6. ~94 INDEX
St. Francis of Assissi, z.p. India in, 88, 454,485,491, u:r,0 . St~Mary's Cathedrel, 75· 493· Slavat!o,n Army, 3 I. · · South Africa Indians in, 1-2., 4-5, 7· So.markant,,I74· • -~.- Mahatq~a Gandhi's Satya Samarkand, I74· grah!J in, x8-z.x,''477-78. San ~raocisco Charter of the -- occupational distribution' of evni~ed Nations, 580-83. Indi~4i:_7 ,_, · . San. Francisco Conference, I I 5. -- problet;1 oCteachers, 217, Saran, Dr. P., 11.4. '1.75'-78. Satyagraha~"66, 1.94, 477-78, 489, -- racial composition, 4· n6. -- schools in, 2. n·60. Savanorala, I89. South African Indian . Congress\ Schiller, z.6 3. 70, 339· 475. 556, 56'1., Schriener, Olive, 47· South Mrican Labour Party, 46- Schust~r, Sir Gc;orge, I8z.. 47, 514, 517. 519. Scotland, 4 5. . South African Workers' Union, Scott, Sir Walter, IJ3. I05. Seedat, G. M. D., 486. Spain, 134, 196. Serfontein, Mr., 545· Spencer, Herbert, 146, 273. Shafa'at Ahmad, Sir, 493· Stallard, Col., C. F., 505, 5~9, 547· Shah Jahan, 75. 178. · Stanger, 8, 13, I7, 103. Shaikh, M. H. T., 486. Stevenson, 1.2. Shakespeare, William, 1.70, 1.91. Steyn, Dr. Colin, 389, 396, 398. '1.95· Stuttaford, 406; _ Shastri College, 93, 199. Sugar, 8, 9· z." 211, 2.3J· Shepstone, Senator, I 3, 442., 56o, Suliaman Al-Hasan, so. · s63. e. Sun Yat Sen, 543· Sher Shah, I7o. Surat, x6, 17. Sidney, 541. · · Swahili language, 5 I. Sigamoney,'llev., 71, 256-57, 26o; Swaraj House, London, 5 59· (\ '1.89-90, 4°9· Switzerland, I 3 5. Sikandal'.t, 176. Symonds, J. A.~ 189. Sikhs, 97, 530-3I, 533-34· Syria, so, 84, 2'1.1. Smith, Vincent, 176. Tagore, Rabindranath, x6z., 26o, Smuts, Gen., 31, 34, 41, 62., 63, 86, 327. II3. II5, Iz.4, 125, 2.35, 475, Taj Mahal, 166, 175, 178. 476,481,487,489-91, 495. 499· Tanganyika, so, 54, 56, 73, 1o6, 501-50'1., 506, 5 f4-20, 523-'1.4, 206. )z.6, 536, 538, 542., 546, 559, Tapti River, 16. · · . 561, 563. 565, 579, 577· Tata Iron and Steel Works, Jam- Sobieski, Johh, z.8z.. shedpur (India), 171., ;;o. Sofalan mines, 5o. Tavaria, K. J., 486. 'Sollum, 111, 1.19. Tax~tion, x8, 1.3. South ltfri::a, High Commr. for Tea, zn. 595
Teal's History of South Africa, 147, Transvaal l~dian Congress, 70,.71, 306, J68. ~ . Iz8, 408, 409, 418, 4ZZ, 4to, Tennyson's 'Akbar's Dream,' 170. 496. The Battle of France, (Maurois), 3· Trappist monks, z3z. The Makjng of the LYian Prince.q Trek, 143 . .(I!d. 'l'hompson), 5.p, 533· Trimbakji, 5H· , . The Periplus, 50. . • Trimurti, 167, There ar• .....,.1 !'.-:2Afncans, (Cal- Trinidad, u3. pin), 14, \ Tripoli, III. 'The Root and the Flower,' by (Leo Trt~ro, S. S., (Ship), z i4· Myers), 170. . . Tughlaq, Emperors, 171. "The Socialist Sixth of the World" Tulsidas, Inclliln Saint, 7, 16, J76. ~ (The Dean of Canterbury), z84. Tunisia, 348. The Time for Decision, (Summer Turkey Faces West, 541. Welles), 107, 464-5. Tweedsmuir, Lord, zt6. Thirumal Rao, 480. Tyagaraja, Sri, 167 •.. Thoburn; 401, . -Thomas, Glyn, 46. Uganda, 13, 54,. 56, so, 73, zos, Thompson, Edward, 531. ZI3• Tipu Sultan, 175, Ujjain, 168. Tobrlek, 111, 2.17, .u8. Umgeni, river, 104. Todd's Rajasthan, 173. Umzinto, I 3· Tokyo, z7o. Unfinished Business, (Col. Bonsai), Tongaat, 9· ·5ZO, Tonk State, 531. U,nion of S. Mrica Act (1909), 40. Town Pla'JQing Draft Ordinance, 410. Vaal River,}43·. Tovnships Franchise Ordinance, Vaid, E. M., 486, U4, Vaizie, S. H., 486. Toynbee, Prof. Arnold, 195· Valod, Mr., 4zo. Trade Unions, 67, 74, Io6, q9. Vasco de Gama, u 3, Trading and Occupation of Land Verulam~ 9· • (Transvaal & Natal Restriction Victoria, Queen, u3, zt5. Act), (1934) U3. Voelcker, Dr. J. A, 71-7%. Transvaal, 4, 6, 8, 16,. 17, zs, 48, Volkraad, zo, zs, 99• 47'7· 58, 6o, 6s-6, 7S. 86, 99, toz, Voort!ekkers, zs, 57, i:9o, u8, 175, z88-303, 308, 309, 310, 514,p8, 5z6, 568. 396. Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure Wallace, Henry, zsz, 534· Act (1932), 30, u6. Walloons, z67. . Transvaal Asiatic Land Tenure and War Again/ Rommel, I I I, Indian Land Representation Bill, Warisi, so. i s61, s63. Wavell, Lord, 87, I91. Tr~nsvaal Commission (1937), Webb, Beatrice, 541. • 310. ~ Welles, Sumner, I07•i6-t6s. y INDEX - .,. W~st Indian Colonists~ 2.14. Witwatersrand Universit)tJ 45, 48, W~stminister, Statute of, 87. 6o, 74, 93, 2.4f, 415, 441. Wilatnf)witz, Germ.an historian, Wordsworth, William, 2.97. 136.... Wragg, Justice, 7· Wilkie, Wendell, 2.p, 2.5•4, 35 8. "foung, Sir l.ubert, 105..., William, the Silent, 136. Wjl;~o\t, F1eld-Marshal Sir Henry, Zanzibar., {4, 56-57, 2.13. 5 2.1." Zinj, SX· •. ~ ~,.. Wil~on, Woodrow~ 465. 471, 473, Zionism, 62..l· 517. 5 2.0,,J 2.1 •. Zulus, 5, i7, 2.13