CHAPTER 4 AT BAY—THE EASTER BATTL E N 21st January 1941 a small group of officers watched the assault O on Tobruk by the 6th Australian Division . One was Brigadier Mors- head, just arrived in the Middle East from Britain ; another was Lieut- Colonel T. P. Cook, who had been appointed to take charge of the base sub-area to be established there ; a third was Lieut-Commander D . V. Duff, who was later to be Naval Officer-in-Charge at Derna during th e "Benghazi Handicap" and still later in command of the schooners and other small craft running supplies to Tobruk during the siege . Brigadier Morshead spent several days, after Tobruk 's fall, inspecting the defences of the fortress . Thus he acquired a knowledge of their quality . Later, when the 9th Division's withdrawal from the Jebel country of Cyrenaica had become inevitable, it was invaluable to Morshead, foreseein g that the division would have to stand at Tobruk, to know what its defence s had to offer. Lieut-Colonel Cook's task of course involved his remaining in Tobruk . The base sub-area staff (which had been recruited mainly from the A .I.F. staging camp at Amiriya) moved into the town as soon as the harbou r was captured. On 29th January Brigadier Godfrey, who had been appointe d area commander,) established his headquarters in the town area and dele- gated the task of establishing the base to Cook . Within a fortnight, Godfrey was recalled to Palestine and Cook succeeded him as area commander . The speed with which the fortress was organised into a working bas e and provisioned during the next month was remarkable . The stocks of food and other supplies then built up were soon to stand the fortress i n good stead. In the first fortnight two excellent water-pumping stations, on e in the Wadi Sehel just outside the perimeter, the other in the Wadi Auda , which, though mined by the Italians, had not been demolished, were re - paired, the electrical power system was put in working order and the bul k petrol storage system repaired : most of this work was done by the 2/4th Field Company . In addition, in the first fortnight of February, 8,000 of the 25,000 prisoners taken at Tobruk were removed . Much other work was done. Soon after his appointment as area commander, Colonel Cook becam e very concerned at the number of rumours circulating through the fortress — some of them harmful to morale . The way to counter falsehood, he decided , was to publish the truth . Sergeant Williams2 of the Australian Army Ser- vice Corps was commissioned to publish a daily news sheet, under the title Tobruk Truth or "The Dinkum Oil" . Though unpretentious, it serve d its purpose well, publishing news culled from B .B.C. broadcasts together with items of local interest ; like most daily newspapers it was "printed" 3 He had entered Tobruk as a battalion commander, marching with his men in the assault . 2 Capt W. H. Williams, VX27459. 7 Div AASC 1940-42; and public relations appts. Journalist; of Edithvale, Vic; b. Melbourne, 23 Oct 1911 . 112 AT BAY—THE EASTER BATTLE Mar194 1 (in fact, roneoed on a captured Italian duplicator) in the very early hours of the morning so that it could be sent to the depots for issue with the daily rations. It was a going concern when the siege began and continue d throughout the siege ; when later the duplicator was wrecked by bomb-blast , other means of continuing publication were quickly found . To cater for its wider public, it increased its circulation to 800 copies a day ; every unit and detachment received a copy . Sergeant Williams did almost all the work lone-handed . On 8th March, Colonel Cook issued an "appreciation" on the proble m of defending Tobruk. Points in his plan were : to organise the defenders into three components—a mobile striking force, a mobile reserve, and the rest of the garrison ; to withdraw "all troops who are outside the inner perimeter closer to the town" ; and "to place control posts at all roads through the inner perimeter and reconstruct the Italian road blocks" . Tobruk Fortress Operations Order No . 1, embodying this plan, was issue d two days later. On 17th March and succeeding days the 26th Brigade arrived in Tobruk , to be followed on 26th March by the 24th Brigade with two battalions, th e 2/28th and 2/43rd . On 25th March, the 24th Brigade, which Brigadier Godfrey now commanded, took over duties from the 26th Brigade as th e latter moved out to join Morshead's division on the escarpment above Benghazi. Godfrey, with his operations staff officer, Major Ogle, 3 made a detailed reconnaissance of the defences, after which he suggested to Cook (on 31st March) that the defence plan should be modified by the occupation of part of the perimeter defences . In the next few days the situation in Cyrenaic a deteriorated . By 6th April the perimeter defences in the west had been occupied in a wide arc from the Derna Road to Post R19 . All available troops were used : Australian Army Service Corps men, unemployed because of the shortage of vehicles, took over prisoner-of-war guard duties , freeing a company of the 2/23rd Battalion . In the story of the defence of Tobruk, a place of honour will alway s be reserved for the "Bush Artillery"—those captured Italian guns in great variety of size, vintage, and reliability, that infantrymen without gunner training manned and fired in a manner as spirited as the fire order s employed were unorthodox . The bush artillery was born before the sieg e began. When General Neame issued his "Policy for Defence of Cyrenaica" on 20th March, he included a paragraph providing for the organisation of the Tobruk defences which contained the sentence : "Italian field guns will he placed in position for anti-tank duties ." Colonel Cook found that most Italian guns at Tobruk were not usable because of corrosion throug h exposure to the weather or damage before capture . He brought a large number of Italian 40-mm anti-tank guns from Bardia (in contravention of instructions issued by Neame's headquarters) and gave the workshops 8 Lt-Col R . W. G. Ogle, DSO, ED, NX12305 . 2/17 Bn ; BM 24 Bde 1940-41 ; CO 2/15 Bn 1941-42 ; staff appointments 1943-45. Electrical and mechanical engineer; of Wollongong, NSW ; b. Waratah, NSW, 21 Nov 1904 . Apr 1941 WAVELL AT TOBRUK 113 the task of reconditioning them and the few usable field guns left in Tobruk. Cook next organised a school to train the infantry in their use . It was run by the Nottinghamshire Sherwood Rangers, who were mannin g the coastal defence guns. 4 The object, as Cook later said, was "to run half-day classes in how to load, aim and fire an Italian gun with the least risk to the firer and the maximum to the enemy . they did learn some- thing from this, using lanyards of telephone wire 100 feet long, chocking wheels to gain elevation " . Brigadier Godfrey cooperated enthusiastically . As the reconditioned guns left the workshops, he allotted them to unit s and saw to it that they were well manned and sited . The 2/28th Battalion war diary has an interesting entry on 7th April : Personnel of No. 6 Platoon s did a good job on previous night which was pullin g into position of five Italian 75-mm field pieces together with ammunition for the same. This brought total to 8 all manned by 4 Platoon . 6 On 7th April the 18th Brigade (Brigadier Wootten) arrived, som e parties coming by road, but the main body by sea . Brigadier Wootten wa s appointed commander of the force in Tobruk, Lieut-Colonel J. E. G. Martin taking over acting command of the brigade . Wootten decided that , with the larger number of troops, the whole perimeter should be occupied , the 24th Brigade, with its two battalions and attached troops in the wester n sector, the 18th Brigade in the eastern sector, with two battalions on th e perimeter and one in reserve . These positions were being taken up when , on the morning of the 8th, General Wavell and General Lavarack flew in . Wavell had foreseen, after he had returned to Cairo from Neame's head - quarters on the evening of 3rd April, that the abandonment of Cyrenaic a could not be long delayed . He knew the time for deciding whether an attempt should be made to hold Tobruk was imminent . Having advised th e Chiefs of Staff that the plans for operations in Greece and the Dodecanes e would have to be modified, he lost no time in sending to the desert fron t all reinforcements he could muster. An improvised tank force comprising the 1st Royal Tank Regiment with 11 cruiser and 15 light tanks, the 107t h R.H.A., the 14th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, the 11th Hussars (les s one squadron), the 3rd Royal Horse Artillery (whose "J " Battery was already with the 2nd Armoured Division) and the 4th Royal Hors e Artillery were ordered on the 4th to move next day to the desert . The 7th Australian Division (Major-General Lavarack) was at this time pre - paring to move from Palestine to Greece ; General Lavarack and a nucleu s staff had already received orders to proceed to Alexandria, arriving on 5th April for embarkation on the 6th . Passing through Cairo on 4th April, Lavarack received a message directing him to report to General Head- quarters.