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Historical and Contemporary Conditions for Communication Aviation Development in Poland Krzysztof Załęski

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Historical and Contemporary Conditions for Communication Aviation Development in Poland Krzysztof Załęski 4. LESSONS LEARNED AND CONFLICTS HISTORY Historical AND contemporary CONDITIONS FOR communication aviation development IN Poland Krzysztof ZAłęSKI Abstract DOI: 10.26410/SF_2/18/11 This article has presented conditions and criteria which have determined the development of passenger avia- tion.throughout.the.course.of.aviation.history..The.author,. basing upon the statistics data analysis and the histori- cal and contemporary generalisations in the area of avia- tion, assumes that the criteria for aviation development remain unchanged and arise from the operational (com- mercial) needs, existing economic potential, socio-politi- cal situation existing in the country, as well as from the affluence of the society and its willingness to communi- cate and to develop political relationships, business and economic relations with other societies. In the article, the author substantiates the adopted research hypotheses, basing on historical determinants, typical for the history of.Polish.aviation. KEy words krZysZtof ZałęskI Aviation, communication aviation, aviation development WSB University, conditions. Dąbrowa Górnicza Introduction The aim of presented study indicate ment of Polish Airlines PLL LOT. The adopt- the conditions accompanying the devel- ed research assumptions, in the context of opment of transport aviation. The condi- axiological criteria for development of com- tions constitute the object of theoretical munication aviation, require an explanation deliberations on aviation development of what communication aviation is. In gen- throughout the course of history, from its eral, it is a type of civil aviation that pro- origin and subsequent stages of develop- vides services with regard to transport of ment, to the present. The main portion of passengers, goods, mail and other cargo this study refers chiefly to the development of particular importance. Therefore, it is in of Polish transport aviation, in particular to fact an extensively developed field of avia- the course of its evolution and the develop- tion services, subject to the regulations of 124 4.2. LESSONS LEARNED AND CONFLICTS HISTORY the International Civil Aviation Organization in military service, where all of their positive (ICAO) and other aviation organisations1.. applications were noticed and very quickly From an encyclopaedic perspective, implemented for production, also dynamiz- aviation. is. seen. as. the. entirety. of. issues. ing the development of the aviation indus- and activities connected with the use of air- try. By the end of the war, planes had al- craft. It is also an important branch of the ready become complex, technologically economy, with all of the traits of innovation. advanced and, most importantly, relatively Therefore, it can be theoretically assumed reliable aviation systems and structures. that aviation combines modern technol- The most symbolic act of the air law that ogy, specialized materials and processes starts the dynamic development of trans- manufacturing, as well as dedicated soft- port aviation in Europe was the adoption ware systems for aviation, development of of the Paris Convention on 13th October aviation architecture and investment, con- 1919, which regulated air navigation and struction of large complexes of the avia- introduced a new legal order in the aviation tion industry, airports, transport network, regulations.and.in.the.nationality.of.aircraft.. commercial facilities, social facilities and Originally, in the twenties, three models entertainment facilities. Is there any other for development of transport aviation were branch of industry that would be as varied proposed, based upon legal and economic and complex whilst also having undergone criteria, including: 1)the freedom to use the such dynamic development? airspace, which guaranteed open access to air navigation routes; 2) licensing of air Fundamental Research As- services, which would require payment of sumptions transit and operational fees for the use of The historic flight of the Wright broth- airspace; and 3) the use of airspace under ers in December 1903 was the watershed the principle of reciprocity and equal inter- event in the aviation development all over ests. Ultimately, the third criterion, record- the world. The historical flight, if a 40-me- ed in the Paris Convention, was adopted tre long jump of a biplane can be called . as. the. rule. for. air. navigation. and. thereaf- a flight, in fact proved to be the most impor- ter confirmed in the Chicago Convention, tant event (milestone) in aviation develop- adopted in 1944. The need to determine the ment. In Europe, the historical event which following problems was assumed: 1) what had a big impact on aviation development, are the general conditions which determine belongs to a Frenchman, Louis Bleriot, . the development of transport aviation; 2) a pioneer of aviation development, who are those criteria universal; 3) what are the flew over the English Channel on 25th.July. relations at each stage of aviation develop- 1909. That flight began the dynamic proc- ment; 4) what factors determine the eco- ess of aviation development in Europe. nomic effects of aviation activities. It may In 1914, planes stop being the advanced be hypothetically assumed that the devel- hobby. Aviation began its dynamic carrier opment of transport aviation is a simple consequence of the adoption of advanced International Air Transport Association (IATA)-glo- aviation technologies, which had previous- bal trade organisation based in Montreal and Ge- neva, Switzerland, consisting of 260 carriers that ly been developed and used for the military, use airlines; ECAC is a regional consultative inter- in times before and during I and II World governmental organisation dedicated to coopera- tion in the field of civil aviation in Europe, based in Wars, to the civilian uses during the peace Paris, France; Airports Council International (ACI) is time. Such an assumption may lead to a global association of airport operators. Historical and contemporary conditions... 125 believe that all modern technological solu- Assumed Criteria for Avia- tions.and.advanced.technologies.go.to.the. armed forces first. Such thinking it is not al- tion Development So, what can be assumed as an axiologi- ways true, it may only confirm the assump- cal criterion for the development of transport tions with regard to the period of World aviation throughout the course of history? Wars I and II, but no further than the 1980s. Such. criteria. includes. the. scientific,. techni- Nowadays, the fundamental direction of cal and technological progress in aviation; technology transfer has been reversed. It is needs on aviation market at a given stage, the military that generally receives selected socioeconomic demand for a specific prod- and well-tried solutions used in civil avia- uct; the dynamization of the economic de- tion, following their adaptation for military velopment, and the improvement of the so- needs. Naturally, this does not apply to ciety’s economic situation resulting in higher aviation weaponry systems. The weaponry interest in tourism and in communication systems are directly produced for military between different societies. These criteria aviation. interact with one another, as well they com- plement and inspire one another. Fig. 1. Selected criteria for development of transport aviation No. Criteria for development First half of the 20th century Second half of the 20th century . Operational/Social needs X X . Scientific and technological progress X X . Aviation industry development X X . Production capacities X X . Economic situation improvement X X . Social communication development X X Source: Author’s own research based upon the analysis of each stage of aviation development. The criteria for development of transport fully professional airlines, using passenger aviation. throughout. the. course. of. history. aircraft; at that time the first airlines known was presented in the figure 1, and con- to this day were established, such as Wizz firms the existing connection between the Air, Central Wings, Pan AM and PLL LOT. development of military and non-military Passenger transport developed particu- technologies in aviation, chiefly in Europe, larly rapidly in the United States, which is because military conflicts, especially large- where Boeing, a company known up to this scale,.involving.large.forces,.have.occurred. day, was established, building the first pas- in Europe most frequently so far. senger aircraft already in the ‘30s. The first brave airman, who crossed the Organisational and Tech- Atlantic on his own, was Charles Lindbergh. nological Determinants His name became synonymous with pio- The wartime experiences were utilised neering achievements in aviation. Charles in the aviation industry, by creating new Lindbergh was originally known chiefly for structures of aerodynamic robust planes, organising air shows for an audience. How- using multi-engine drive (2,3,4 engines). ever, he constantly needed extra adrena- This created the conditions for developing line. Apparently, he did not have enough. passenger aviation supported by the first Although in his live, he had already res- 126 4.2. LESSONS LEARNED AND CONFLICTS HISTORY cued himself by parachuting four times a passenger aircraft. This solution arose before. It is worth noting, at the time, the from the need to provide security to the aviation incidents occurred almost every passengers, and primarily to overcome the day. He was a great man, with passion sea-related psychological
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