Suomen Muinaismuistoyhdistys ry – Finska Fornminnesföreningen rf The Finnish Antiquarian Society In Search of Hearths A Book in Memory of Sven-Donald Hedman Proceedings of the Seminar Dedicated to the Memory of Sven-Donald Hedman University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway, March 4, 2016 Editors: Petri Halinen & Bjørnar Olsen ISKOS 22 Helsinki 2019 Editors, volume 22: Petri Halinen & Bjørnar Olsen English language revision: Jüri Kokkonen Cover design: Mikael E. T. Manninen Cover photo: Bjørnar Olsen Layout: Mikael E. T. Manninen Printed in Finland by Waasa Graphics Oy, Vaasa 2019 Contents Sven Donald Hedman, Archaeologist and Friend 5 Petri Halinen & Bjørnar J. Olsen Brodtkorbneset and Steintjørna: Two Hearth-Row Sites in Pasvik, Arctic Norway 9 Bjørnar J. Olsen Possible Traces of Reindeer Corralling at a Hearth-Row Site from 1000–1300 CE in Northern Norway 31 Philip Jerand & Johan Linderholm Trade, Manufacture, Dismantling and Reassembling? Metal Processing and Eastern Ornaments at Brodtkorbneset and Steintjørna 40 Jørn Erik Henriksen The Faunal Remains from Two Hearth-Row Sites in Pasvik, Arctic Norway 67 Maria Vretemark Liva 1 – The First Medieval Sámi Site with Rectangular Hearths in Murmansk Oblast (Russia) 75 Anton I. Murashkin & Evgeniy M. Kolpakov Gollevarre Revisited – Reindeer, Domestication and Pastoral Transformation 88 Ivar Bjørklund Inari Nukkumajoki 5, the Excavated History of a Sámi Winter Village 96 Petri Halinen Sven-Donald Hedman, Archaeologist and Friend Petri Halinen & Bjørnar J. Olsen Figure 1. Fieldwork in Russia in 2014. Sven-Donald in the camp on Sredniy Peninsula, Murmansk Oblast. Photo: Bjørnar Olsen. This book is dedicated to the memory of Sven- Sweden, Norway, Finland and Russia – to al- Donald Hedman, a Swedish archaeologist most every corner of Sápmi. The urge to find whose professional interests were mainly in answers to new questions inspired him to head the north. Sven-Donald collaborated closely off the beaten archaeological track. Likewise, with Norwegian, Finnish and Russian archae- Sven-Donald’s interests in archaeology were ologists, and also with colleagues in Canada not confined to any narrow time span but ex- and the United States. His fieldwork trips were tended from the time of Fennoscandia’s first dedicated to the forest and mountain areas of settlers to 20th-century archaeological sites. Iskos 22. In search of hearths – a Book In MeMory of sven-DonalD heDMan 5 Petrl I ha Inen & Bjørnar j. olsen This collection includes seven articles cavated himself. Its main topic was the emer- closely related to Sven-Donald’s main field gence of reindeer husbandry and whether of research, written by authors with whom there was a connection between changes he collaborated over several years. Most of in settlement pattern and transitions in the the papers focus on the so-called hearth-row reindeer economy. One of Sven-Donald’s sites, which can be dated to the Late Iron Age conclusions was that the new environmen- and the early medieval period. Sven-Donald tal preferences characterizing the location of directed and took part in several of the in- the hearth-row sites from the Late Iron Age vestigations discussed here, most notably onwards could be explained by new needs at the two Pasvik sites, Brodtkorbneset and for pasture in a reindeer herding economy Steintjørna. In other projects, he was a high- (Hedman 2003). ly valued collaborator. The volume is based Sven-Donald was deeply engaged in Sámi on the proceedings of a seminar dedicated to archaeology, broadly defined. He carried out the memory of Sven-Donald, held 4 March extensive fieldwork in the boreal forest zone, 2016 at the Centre for Sámi Studies of the where also quite young sites drew his atten- University of Tromsø – The Arctic Univer- tion – sites that still were on their way to sity of Norway. The seminar was very well becoming what we traditionally think of as attended, with Sven-Donald’s family as spe- archaeological sites. They included so-called cially invited guests. Talks and discussions culturally modified trees, including traces of took place in a pleasant atmosphere and thus the removal of pine inner-bark for food but well in his spirit as a scholar and person. The also drawings and other depictions – some of authors remember Sven-Donald as a gener- them from the 19th century, but also younger. ous and immensely gifted colleague, a person Sven-Donald was interested in the diversity who always had a smile for you even in the of traces left by humans in the past, irrespec- toughest field conditions. tive of age, and he was a master in finding Sven-Donald Hedman was born 1953 them. Together with his soil sampling probe, in Arjeplog, Northern Sweden. His interest which always accompanied him, he was a fa- in archaeology began early. He was only 12 miliar sight in both the forest and mountain years old when he found his first stone ar- regions. While hearth and hearth-row sites in rowheads on the lake shore near his home the forest region probably were his foremost in Stensund. He handed the finds over to the field of interest and expertise, the so called local museum (Silvermuseet) in Arjeplog and stállo sites in the mountain areas were also continued to search for more finds and sites. close to his heart. He surveyed extensively in Already as a teenager he took part in several high mountain areas to find and record new archaeological excavations near Arjeplog. sites, in both Sweden and Norway, and above His path to academic archaeology, however, all in the Saltfjell area (Hedman 2015). was longer than for most of us. He had chil- As an archaeologist Sven-Donald worked dren as a young man and worked for several in the early 2000s at the Norrbotten Muse- years as a carpenter in order to secure the um, where he headed the project Skog och economy of his family. Nonetheless, he never historia (Forest and History) and gained gave up his dream of ultimately becoming an wide experience of all kinds of ancient mon- archaeologist, and at the age of 30 he began uments in the forest areas, skills that became his studies in archaeology at Umeå Univer- important for his later projects. In 2007, he sity. These studies were crowned by his doc- was appointed to a post-doctoral position at toral thesis in 2003, Boplatser och offerplat- the University of Tromsø as part of the re- ser. Ekonomisk strategi och boplatsmönster search project Home, Hearth and Household bland skogsamer 700-1600 AD. It is based in the Circumpolar North (HHH) (Anderson on material from numerous hearth and et al. 2013). This was a large international hearth-row sites, several of which he had ex- project with subprojects in the United States, 6 Iskos 22. In search of hearths – a Book In MeMory of sven-DonalD heDMan s ven-DonalD heDMan, archaeologIst anD frIenD Figure 2. Inspecting a newly found weight. Sven-Donald and Petri Halinen at Steintjørna, Pasvik, 2012. Photo: Bjørnar Olsen. Figure 3. Taking a break on a sunny afternoon on the shores of Lake Lovozero. Sven-Donald and Anton Murashkin, Lovozero, Russia, 2007. Photo: Petri Halinen. Iskos 22. In search of hearths – a Book In MeMory of sven-DonalD heDMan 7 Petrl I ha Inen & Bjørnar j. olsen Canada, Alaska, Russia, Finland, Norway Norwegian and Finnish archaeology, and, and Sweden, and Sven-Donald fitted eas- needless to say, very important for Sámi ar- ily into the international atmosphere of the chaeology. The last article of the project was large research group. His extensive knowl- published in Rangifer (Hedman et al. 2015), edge of dwelling sites and the environment slightly more than a month before Sven-Don- was very important for the success of the ald passed away – and more was to come project. The discovery and first excavations (Jerand et al. 2016). The research group has of the rich hearth-row sites in the River Pas- continued to publish articles in which Sven- vik area in Eastern Finnmark, Norway, took Donald’s impact and research are still highly place as part of the HHH project and be- visible (Røed et al. 2018). This impact con- came a milestone in Sven-Donald’s research tinues with the publishing of this volume. career (Hedman and Olsen 2009, Halinen et Sven-Donald was a very social person, a al. 2013). person with a big heart. In the field, he of- In 2012, he became the leader of the ten brought an additional heart with him, a project Hunters in Transition, financed by smoked and dried reindeer heart. He carried Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (The Swedish it with him for that irresistible treat during Foundation for Humanities and Social Sci- breaks – coffee breaks, lunch breaks, chat- ences). This project continued earlier studies ting breaks, whatever breaks. Wherever we of the hearth-row sites in the River Pasvik dug or surveyed he generously shared both area, now focusing on the Steintjørna site, of his hearts. It was always enjoyable to which was excavated in 2012 and 2013. It discuss, talk – or just be silent with Sven- also included the excavation of a hearth- Donald. In the midst of the northern wil- row site at Östra Hobergträsk, Västerbotten, derness, deep in the forest, just being with Sweden. This project was multidisciplinary, him – in search of something interesting. A utilizing the methods of environmental ar- pit, a marked tree, a dwelling, a hearth. Two chaeology, metallurgy, osteology and genet- hearths, then a hearth row. If it was there, he ics. Its results were important for Swedish, would find it. References 700–1600 AD. Studia archaeologica universitatis Umensis 17. Umeå: Umeå University. Hedman, S.-D. & Olsen, B.