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Pasvik–Inari Nature and History Shared Area Description

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Pasvik–Inari Nature and History Shared Area Description PASVIK–INARI NATURE AND HISTORY SHARED AREA DESCRIPTION The Pasvik River flows from the largest lake in Finn- is recommended only for very experienced hikers, ish Lapland, Lake Inari, and extends to the Barents some paths are marked for shorter visits. Lake Inari Sea on the border of Norway and Russia. The valley and its tributaries are ideal for boating or paddling, forms a diverse habitat for a wide variety of plants and in winter the area can be explored on skis or a and animals. The Pasvik River is especially known for dog sled. The border mark at Muotkavaara, where its rich bird life. the borders of Finland, Norway and Russia meet, can The rugged wilderness that surrounds the river be reached by foot or on skis. valley astonishes with its serene beauty. A vast Several protected areas in the three neighbouring pine forest area dotted with small bogs, ponds and countries have been established to preserve these streams stretches from Vätsäri in Finland to Pasvik in great wilderness areas. A vast trilateral co-operation Norway and Russia. area stretching across three national borders, con- The captivating wilderness offers an excellent sisting of the Vätsäri Wilderness Area in Finland, the setting for hiking and recreation. From mid-May Øvre Pasvik National Park, Øvre Pasvik Landscape until the end of July the midnight sun lights up the Protection Area and Pasvik Nature Reserve in Nor- forest. The numerous streams and lakes provide way, and Pasvik Zapovednik in Russia, is protected. ample catch for anglers who wish to enjoy the calm backwoods. Although hiking deep into the forest Pasvik – Inari KUVA PAATSJOELTA NATURE The Pasvik Valley and its surrounding wilderness where the snow cover is thinner and temperatures are located on the northwestern edge of the taiga, lower during the winter. Dwarf Cornel and mosses from where the mountain birch forest and alpine are found abundantly in the area. Vast mires and heath extend towards the north. In the heart of the wetlands flank the Pasvik River. Many beautiful or- wilderness, the pine forest has been able to develop chids, such as the heath spotted orchid and creeping without extensive impact from human activities. lady’s tresses, thrive alongside mires and streams. Thousands of small bogs and ponds dot the forest, Although the Pasvik Valley is famous for its brown and the rocky shores of great lakes open up among bear population, sightings of this impressive animal the pines. are quite rare. And small predators such as the fox, The seasons vary greatly in the north. Although stoat or marten also prefer to stay hidden in the the cold winters are very long, the short summers woods. The wilderness serves also as a pastureland are warm and extremely light. Lapland’s short-lived for reindeer. Elks are also common in Pasvik. summer ends with the changing of the leaves to In the heart of the Pasvik Nature Reserve is Lake bright autumn colours. Höyhenjärvi (Fjærvann), the most untouched area Harsh northern living conditions place great of the river. The name refers to a lake covered with demands on the flora and fauna in Pasvik, and feathers, which describes well the shallow and lush several species live here at the extreme limit of their lake, rich with bird life. The ice melts early in the distribution. The species composition is a mixture spring and the lake freezes late in the autumn. It is of European, Asian and Arctic species. The Siberian an important nesting area and a resting place for a Jay, which can be found in old-growth forests, is an large number of migratory birds. eastern species typical to the area. The close proximity of the Barents Sea affects the flora, especially in the northeastern part of the area, CULTURE AND HISTORY The water system has been an important source lands in Pechenga in World War II. They were forced of subsistence for the inhabitants of the area for to move abroad, but preserved their own culture centuries. Fishing and waterfowl hunting represent and Orthodox faith. Nowadays, most Skolt Sámi live the major sources of livelihood, and the grasslands in the eastern parts of the municipality of Inari in Fin- on the shores have been mowed to provide food land and in Sør-Varanger in Norway. for domestic animals in the wintertime. The river Since the Early Middle Ages, Finns, Norwegians was also an important transportation route to the and Russians have settled in the Pasvik–Inari area. market places close to Barents Sea. During the great Although different cultures coexist in the area and loggings of the 1920’s, logs were floated to sawmills have learned a lot from each other, they have each in Elvenes and Jakobsnes by the outlet of the Pasvik retained their distinctive traditions. The local mu- River. Later, the battle for nickel in Pechenga brought seums contain a wealth of information on the early changes to the area, as the rapids of the Pasvik River and late settlement and traditional livelihoods in the were used to produce energy for smelting. area. The historically significant Pasvik–Inari region is a Reindeer husbandry is still one of the main sources meeting point for different cultures. For centuries, of livelihood in the north. The wilderness provides the Sámi have lived in this area, which is part of rich pastures for the reindeer herds to feed. As the Sápmi (Sámiland). Today, three different Sámi groups season’s change the reindeer roam to areas that live in the Pasvik–Inari area: the Northern, Inari and offer the best availability of food. Traditionally, every Skolt Sámi. The Northern Sámi form the biggest part of the reindeer is used. The skin can be used for Sámi minority in Norway and Finland. The Inari Sámi shoes or clothes and the bones can be made into have traditionally lived only in the surroundings of tools or jewellery. Lake Inari in Finland. The Skolt Sámi lost their native Utsjoki 35 km 1 Siida, Northern Lapland Nature Centre and Sami Museum 13 2 Orthodox Church, Nellim harbour, shop/bar 12 3 Timber Slide, Iron Gate path 8 4 Pasvik Bridge 5 Border mark between three countries 11 6 Piilola gate between Finland and Norway * 10 7 Old reindeer fence of Vätsäri 8 Orthodox Church, Skolt Sámi heritage house, shop/bar 17 9 Vaggatem prison camp 7 10 Height 96 (Høyde 96) observation tower, café/ 0 10 20 km souveniers (open in summer) 11 Øvre Pasvik National Park Visitor Centre, Botanical Garden, Svanvik Chapel, the longest gamme in the world, Sør-Varanger Museum – Bjørklund farm (open in summer) 12 Sør-Varanger Museum – Strand Museum and Bear’s Den FINLAND 13 Sør-Varanger Museum – Namdalen, Norwe- gian Settler’s farm (open in summer) Karigasniemi 9 14 Jäniskoski village 55 km 15 Rajakoski village, Office of Pasvik Zapovednik Partakko 16 Bird watching tower, house of Schaanning 17 Museum of history * Rajapää wilderness hut, open 1. 6. – 30.9. 6 16 Kaamanen Lake Inari Information 5 Sight 15 Bird watching tower Wilderness hut 14 Lapp hut Harbour 1 4 Trail Inari Ivalo 20 km 3 Snowmobile track Ivalo 2 35 km Kirkenes Näätämö 18 km NORWAY 22 km 13 12 Sevettijärvi 8 Zapoljarny Svanvik 11 14 km * 10 Nikel 7 17 0 10 20 km River Pasvik 9 Vaggatem RUSSIA Varlam Island 6 16 Vätsäri Wilderness Area 5 Pasvik Zapovednik Prirechny 15 Grensefoss Rajakoski Övre Pasvik National Park 14 Jäniskoski Övre Pasvik Landscape Protection Area River Pasvik 1 4 Pasvik Nature Reserve 3 Store Sametti - Skjelvatnet Nature Reserve Ivalo 2 35 km Nellim FINLAND Vätsäri is a place to experience the serenity of true area’s logging history. The path leading to the timber wilderness. The area’s rugged natural landscape is at slide presents the war history. The Rautaportti bay, its most beautiful in this vast mosaic setting. There sheltered by steep cliffs was a strategically important are no marked paths in the wilderness and only a area during the wartime (1939-1944). Defensive few cabins to provide shelter for travellers. Hiking in forts were built on both sides of the bay to hold off the northern wilderness is challenging and requires enemies from the road to Barents Sea. careful planning and competent skills in orientation. There are accommodations and tourism services in Travellers who wish to stay in the surroundings Nellim and you may buy supplies or have a meal in a of Lake Inari are also rewarded with memorable shop/bar. The Nellim harbour is of major importance experiences. There are several outdoor and cultural to the boaters travelling at Lake Inari. destinations to visit and the great lake itself is a sight The Sevettijärvi village, north of Vätsäri, is a centre worth seeing. Several tour operators organise fishing of Skolt Sámi culture in Finland. In summertime, the or boating trips. In wintertime, dog sledding and Skolt Sámi heritage house in Sevettijärvi provides snowmobiling are also possible. information on the local traditions and culture, and The beautiful Sámi village of Nellim is a meeting visitors can buy books and handicrafts there. The old point for different cultures. The first Finnish inhabit- Orthodox Church was renovated in 1991. There are ants settled in the originally Inari Sámi village in no hotels in the village, but the nearby village resorts the early 20th century, when log floating was an provide accommodation. There is a shop/bar where important source of income. After the wars, the Skolt it is possible to buy a meal or groceries. Sámi inhabitants moved to Nellim from Pechenga. A Customer service points provide up-to-date infor- noteworthy landmark in the village is the Orthodox mation on hiking destinations, sights, tour operators Church, built with logs.
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