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Heritage and Rights of Indigenous Peoples

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Heritage and Rights of Indigenous Peoples HERITAGE AND RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES PATRIMONIO Y DERECHOS DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Heritage and Rights of Indigenous Peoples Patrimonio y Derechos de Los Pueblos Indígenas Edited by Manuel May Castillo and Amy Strecker LEIDEN UNIVERSITY PRESS The publication of this book was made possible thanks to the financial support of ERC Advanced Grant n° 295434 in the context of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) for the project ‘Time in Intercultural Context’. Archaeological Studies Leiden University is published by Leiden University Press, the Netherlands Series editors: M. E. R. G. N. Jansen and H. Kamermans Cover design: Joanne Porck Coverpage image: Ellen-Berit Nymo Dakbakk, Joanne Porck Layout: Samira Damato ISBN 9789087282998 e-ISBN 9789400603042 NUR 682 © Manuel May Castillo and Amy Strecker / Leiden University Press, 2017 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Table of Contents List of Figures IX List of Contributors XIII Acknowledgements XIX Prologue: the Ideas, Events and People Behind this Book 21 Manuel May Castillo 1. The Indigenous Condition: An Introductory Note 25 Maarten E.R.G.N. Jansen and Gabina Aurora Pérez Jiménez LAND 39 2. Protection of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples’ Cultural and Environmental Rights in Suriname: Challenges in the Implementation of the Judgment of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights 41 in the Saramaka Case and Subsequent Decisions Anna Meijknecht and Bas Rombouts 3. Projected Futures for the Orang Rimba of Sumatra (Indonesia) 61 Gerard A. Persoon and Ekoningtyas Margu Wardani 4. Environmental Degradation and Resource Extraction in the Niger Delta: 77 Rights of Indigenous People Ebun Abolarin 5. Living in Contaminated Land: Ecological Struggles to (Re)claim 95 the Land in Contemporary Guadeloupe and Martinique Malcom Ferdinand 6. Contemporary Contentions of Ancestral Land Rights among 109 Indigenous Kin-groups in the Mentawai Islands of Indonesia Juniator Tulius V HERITAGE AND RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES 7. Madre Milpa, Modified Maize, and More: 137 Conflict and Transnational Colonialism in the Highlands of Guatemala Paul van den Akker SPIRITUALITY 149 8. Spiritual Knowledge Unearthed. Indigenous Peoples and Land Rights 151 Osiris González 9. Los rituales a tlalticpactli en Santa Catarina 161 Raul Macuil Martínez 10. La tierra desde la visión del mundo ayuuk 179 Juan Carlos Reyes Gómez 11. Reflexiones sobre el Territorio y la construcción del “bien estar” 193 entre los ñuu savi (mixtecos) de la Montaña de Guerrero, México Edith Herrera Martinez 12. El Paisaje Sagrado de Santo Tomás Ocotepec 205 Omar Aguilar Sánchez 13. The Use of the Prehispanic Road Network in Perú: 233 the Case of the Road between Xauxa and Pachacamac Luisa Marcela Najarro Rivera and Camila Capriata Estrada SELF-DETERMINATION 241 14. Home Birth, Home Invasions: Encroaching on the Household’s Sovereignty in the Andes 243 Margarita Huayhua 15. How Does Culture Relate to Health?: A Case Study on Taiwan’s Indigenous Peoples 255 I-An Gao (Wasiq Silan) 16. Politics and Practices of Indigenous Heritage in Taiwan. 271 Perspectives on Cultural Transmission in Indigenous Communities Chia-yu Hu 17. Gákti ja goahti. Heritage Work and Identity at Várdobáiki Museum, Norway 283 Liisa-Rávná Finbog VI TABLE OF CONTENTS 18. Organización socio-política de los mayas de Belice 291 Anita F. Tzec Recinos 19. Iguanazul Cartonera: Revitalization of Mexican Languages Among Indigenous Migrant 325 Communities in New York City Judith Santopietro TOWARDS A DECOLONIAL HERITAGESCAPE 331 20. Desacralizing Land(scapes). Maya Heritage in the Global Picture 333 Manuel May 21. Académicos y académicas de pueblos originarios. 355 Una experiencia entre la sabiduría indígena y las teorías académicas clásicas Leticia Aparicio Epilogue: Heritage and Rights of Indigenous Peoples 359 Amy Strecker References 365 VII List of Figures 3. Projected Futures for the Orang Rimba 6. Contemporary Contentions of Ancestral of Sumatra (Indonesia) Land Rights among Indigenous Kingroups in the Mentawai Islands of Indonesia 3.1: Digging up diascorea tubers. Photo: Gerard Persoon, 1986. 6.1: Mentawai Islands. 3.2: Limited material possessions are crucial to 6.2: Freshly cut timber by PT. Minas Pagai Lumber maintain a mobile lifestyle. Photo: Gerard Corporation from the forest of Pagai Islands. Persoon, 1986. Photo: Juniator Tulius, 2015. 3.3. Picking up durians inside the forest of 6.3: Map of land borders in Goiso’oinan on Sipora Bukit Duabelas. Photo: Ekoningtyas Margu Island. Wardani, 2015. 6.4: Two Mentawai shamans in Saibi Muara. 3.4: An encounter between employees of a Photo: Juniator Tulius, 2008. logging company and some Orang Rimba: 6.5: Most plots of land in the Mentawai Islands Gerard Persoon, 1984. are for forest production and territory of the 3.5: Orang Rimba boys selling medicinal plants national park, leaving a small percentage for and begging on a bus terminal along the Trans traditional use. Sumatra Highway. Photo: Gerard Persoon, 6.6: Map of Siberut National Park. 1992. 6.7: A new surfing camp adopting the architecture 3.6: The double burden of female Orang Rimba of traditional Mentawai house on the island of trying to carve out a livelihood: taking care Siloinak. of the child and harvesting rubber in Sako Tulang in the western part of Bukit Duabelas 7. Madre Milpa, Modified Maize, and Hills Jambi Province. Photo: Ekoningtyas More: Conflict and Transnational Margu Wardani, 2015. Colonialism in the Highlands of 3.7: A household from Kedundung Muda group is Guatemala taking a rest in the forest during a trip visiting their relatives in Bukit Duabelas National Park 7.1: Map of the Highlands of Guatemala: overview area. Photo: Ekoningtyas Margu Wardani, of the communities where the baile de la culebra 2015. is performed. Image by Google Earth ©. 3.8: Moving to a new site in a heavily disturbed 7.2: The Tzulaab’ dance with the Lady rainforest. Photo: Gerard Persoon, 1986. of the Earth. In her left hand she is holding the snake. Holy Week 2014, 5. Living in Contaminated Land: Momostenango. Photo: Van den Akker Ecological Struggles to (Re)claim the 7.3: The husband of the Lady of the Earth whips Land in Contemporary Guadeloupe and a Tzul. Holy Week 2015, Momostenango. Martinique Photo: Van den Akker. 7.4: Page 30 of Codex Borbonicus: feast of 5.1 and 5.2: Martinique and Guadeloupe. Ochpaniztli (facsimile by Duc de Loubat, 5.3: A plantation in the South of Martinique. 1899: 30) . 5.4 and 5.5: Contamination of the lands of Martinique 7.5: Page 74 of the Dresden codex: the earth-, and Guadeloupe by CLD. fertility-, and death-goddess Chak Chel releases water from a vessel on the head of Lord L (facsimile by Förstemann, 1880: 53). IX HERITAGE AND RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES 12. El Paisaje Sagrado de Santo Tomás 12.17: (superior derecha): Construcción gráfica Ocotepec de Itnu naho yucu como “loma entre dos cerros”. Retomada de Aguilar Sánchez (2015b). 12.1: El diálogo a entablar con Ñuhun 12.18: (inferior): Vestigios precoloniales en Ndeyu en el ritual de nakehe ñuhun Lomo Tikete Fotos: Omar Aguilar Sánchez. se inicia marcando cruces en la tierra y 12.19: En Lomo Itu Tachi están los restos de cuatro convidándole agua, así lo hace el Vehe Ñuhu Anaha; al pie de una apareció señor Andrés F. Aguilar Hilario. Foto: Santo Tomás de Aquino y en su cima Omar Aguilar Sánchez. se puso la cruz católica. Foto: Omar 12.2: El mapa o lienzo de Santo Tomás Aguilar Sánchez. Ocotepeque de 1580. Foto: Omar 12.20: Los aspectos comunitarios que regulan Aguilar Sánchez. el acceso a la tierra. Foto: Omar Aguilar 12.3: (superior): Escena central del lienzo donde Sánchez. se representa la iglesia de STO, el Yute 12.21: De izquierda a derecha, Roberto Salustiano Suji y el aniñe “palacio precolonial”. Ayala Cortés, Donaciano Bautista Aguilar, Foto: Omar Aguilar Sánchez. Ignacio Artemio López Aguilar y Jorge 12.4: (inferior izquierda): El lugar precioso de donde Benjamín Escobar, en nu chiñuhun Siki nace el Yute Suji. Foto: Omar Aguilar Kava Tuun “Arriba de la Peña Negra”. Sánchez. 12.22: De izquierda a derecha, David Hilario 12.5: (inferior derecha): Ubicación y relación entre Cortés, Máximo Bautista Cruz, Elías Yute Suji, vehe savi e iglesia en el paisaje Bautista Aguilar, Rolando Cruz Santiago ritual de STO. Modificado de Google Earth. y Donaciano Bautista Aguilar en nu 12.6: (superior izquierda): Vehe Savi Ndeskoyuyu. chiñuhun Kava Koo “Peña de Víbora”. 12.7: (derecha): Vehe Savi Keniñi; 12.23: De izquierda a derecha, Raymundo 12.8: (inferior izquierda): Yuku Savi, “Cerro de Isaías López Ávila, Alfonso Mauricio lluvia”, o Vehe Savi, “Casa de Lluvia.” Fotos: García y Donaciano Bautista Aguilar en Omar Aguilar Sánchez. nu chiñuhun Lomo Itu Tachi “Loma de 12.9, 12.10 y 12.11: Kava Ande Tuni significa “Peña Viento”. del Símbolo” y en este nu chiñuhun se pueden observar “lagartijas” talladas 13. The Use of the Prehispanic Road Network sobre la peña. Fotos: Omar Aguilar Sánchez. in Perú: the Case of the Road between 12.12: (superior izquierda): Glifo toponímico de Xauxa and Pachacamac Ñuu Kuiñi o Cuquila en el lienzo de Ocotepeque; 12.13 (superior derecha): 13.1: Xauxa-Pachacamac road. Los vestigios del asentamiento precolonial 13.2: Llama drivers on an Inca road by the de Ñuu Kuiñi del Posclásico, de 900-1521 dC. Mullucocha Lake. 12.14: (inferior): Asentamiento precolonial Ñuu 13.3: Llamas at Pariacaca Snow Peak. Kuiñe del Clásico, 300-900 d.C.
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