Profile Year: 2004 People and Language Detail Report Language Name: Galeya ISO Language Code: gar

The Galeya of Papua The Galeya people live on in , . There are approximately 170 Galeya villages, most with less than 10 houses. Half of the villages are coastal, and half are in the mountains. Galeyans cultivate crops such as yams, bananas, and pineapples, primarily for personal consumption. Some produce is sold at local markets. Fresh fish supplements coastal villages’ diets. Houses are constructed on posts 5 or 6 feet above the ground. The floor and walls are made of palm wood, and palm leaves form the roofs. Most people wear modern clothing, although a few girls and women still wear grass skirts. The first missionary to the Galeya area was Dr. William E. Bromilow, of the Methodist Church, who briefly visited the Galeya people in the late 19th century. Tradition holds that a fierce Galeya warrior named Kwaredi was a leader in tribal warfare before Bromilow’s arrival. Bromilow wanted to end warfare and cannibalism in the area, so he paid a visit to Kwaredi, bringing gifts—a stick of tobacco and a white cloth, symbolizing light and the end of war. The missionary tied the cloth around Kwaredi’s waist, prayed with the people, and then left them. Reportedly, Bromilow’s visit marked the end of fighting in the Galeya area. There was a second wave of missionaries in the 20th century, who came to plant churches. Between the 1930s and 1950s, there were three influential missionaries from the neighboring group. Thus, the heritage of Primary Religion: the Galeya churches rests largely upon Dobu roots. To this day, the Dobu Christian language plays a prominent role in Galeya churches. There is a Dobu Bible, which is frequently used in church, however, most Galeyans do not speak Dobu Disciples (Matt 28.19): well enough to understand Dobu Scriptures. Although many Galeya people claim 8% - 15% to be Christians, many are only nominal. Some profess Christianity while still practicing elements of their traditional religion, such as sorcery. Churches: 13

Scripture Status (Matt 28.20): None in Galeya

Population (date): 2,623 (2000) The Galeya of Papua New Guinea Item Name Item Note Have They Heard The Gospel? Profile Summary Call Themselves Christian (%) >50% Comment (Call Themselves Christian) It is reported that 75% would call themselves Christian. Believe In Jesus As God & Only Savior (%) 8% - 15% Prophet/Good Man, But Not God's Son (%) This is not addressed in the report for this people group. Believe In The Local Traditional Religion (%) 80% to 90 % Believe in their local, traditional religion Have Not Heard Who Jesus is (%) 0% Number Of Pastors 22 Comment (Pastors) Most preachers are laymen. Number Of Missionaries Working 17 Response To The Gospel Approximately half of the Galeya people belong to a church. There are some true believers, while many people are nominal Christians. People commonly practice elements of their traditional religion, such as sorcery. Number Of Communities There are approximately 170 Galeya villages, most with less than 10 houses. Half of the villages are coastal, and half are in the mountains. Comment (Number Communities) Approximately 170 hamlets, organized into 6 government wards. People associate themselves strongly with their ward. Listed here are the wards and the religious organizations present in each ward. Ward of Duduna - United Church, Jehovah’s Witness ward of Gameta - United Ward of Lau’oya - Catholic, Seventh Day Adventist, United Ward of Momoawa - Catholic, Jehovah’s Witness Ward of Sebutuia - Catholic, Seventh Day Adventist, United Ward of Ulua - United Number Of Churches 13 Is The Word Of God Translated? None in the mother tongue of this people group. Any Hinderance To Scripture Distribution? Lack of vernacular Scriptures Forms Of Gospel Presentation Available (Summary) There are no forms of Gospel presentations available in the mother tongue of this people group. The Bible is readily available in the Dobu language, but, the majority of the population does not speak Dobu well enough to understand the Scriptures. What Kind Of Missionaries Are Needed? The Galeya people need the Bible translated into their language so that they can clearly understand its message. In order to do this, they will need help from missionaries. Population All Countries Group Description World Population For This People 2,623 World Population (Date) 2000 World Population (Urban Percent) 0% Comment (World Population) The world population for this people group is according to the 2000 Census. Countries Where People Group Lives Group Description Country Name Papua New Guinea Geography & Environment Group Description Location Located on the eastern coast of Fergusson Island in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea Country Papua New Guinea Ecosystem Type Semi-tropical Geological Type Coastal Elevation 0-300 Meters Longitude E150.80337 to E150.90677 Latitude S9.42166 to S9.61658 Climate Tropical. 2 seasons: wet and dry. The Galeya of Papua New Guinea Item Name Item Note Comments (Geography & Environment) The geological type is also reported to be mountainous slopes. Map Features Fergusson Island BasimaS9.49018 E150.83903 Gameta S9.42166 E150.80337 SebutuyaS9.57872 E150.86460 Taigwana’oya S9.58299 E150.84194 MomoawaS9.55933 E150.81553 YoridanS9.45103 E150.82502 Language & Linguistics Group Description Primary Language GALEYA Alternate Language Names GAREA Comment (Alternate Names) Basima, Lau’oya, Ulua*, and Gameta are also reported to be alternate names for this people group, but were not found in the 'Select List'. *Note: The author gave the spelling of this language name as 'Ulua', whereas in the Ethonologue, there is a spelling of 'Urua'. Comments (Dialect) Gameta, Ulua, Basima, and Galeya are reported to be dialects for this people group. Attitude Towards Mother Tongue Very receptive Percent Monolingual (%) > 25% Second Languages Dobu Second Languages English Comment (Second Language) Although there is a Dobu Bible, which is frequently used in church, most Galeyans do not speak Dobu well enough to understand Dobu Scriptures. Comment (On Other Mother Tongues) None Linguistically Related Languages DUAU Linguistically Related Languages Boselewa Linguistically Related Languages BUNAMA Linguistically Related Languages MWATEBU Linguistically Related Languages DOBU Linguistically Related Languages SEWA BAY Neighboring Languages DOBU Neighboring Languages Maiadomu Neighboring Languages MOLIMA Active Language Programs Yes Literacy Group Description Adult Literacy Percentage 72.4% Comment (Attitude to literacy) The adult literacy percentage is according to 2000 Census. Percent Literate For Men 72.3% (2000 Census) Percent Literate For Women 72.5% (2000 Census) Literacy Attitude Very receptive Active Literacy Program Yes Publications In Vernacular None, although elementary school teachers make “Big Books” in Galeya to use in the classroom. Comment (Literacy) There are local elementary schools teaching children to read and write in Galeya. Economics Group Description Subsistence Type Agriculturalists Comment (Subsistence Type) It is reported this people group are 'swidden' agriculturalists. Average Annual Income It is reported to be self-sustaining. However, the average annual income for all of PNG is reported to be $930 USD. Occupation Subsistence Farmers The Galeya of Papua New Guinea Item Name Item Note Income Sources Garden Produce Products / Crafts Baskets Trade Partners , Dobu, Duau, Amphletts. Some Galeya speakers are part of the traditional kula trading ring. Kula trading is a complex network in Milne Bay Province. Men involved in kula trade exchange red necklaces called bagi and kina shells called mwali. Modernization / Utilities Pressure lanterns, radio, and outboard motors. Community Development Group Description Health Care (Quality) Fair Comment (Health Care) Health services in the Galeya area are an aid post at Sebutuya and the Basima Health Center at Lau'oya. The Basima Health Center has more staff and services than the Sebutuya aid post. Both are staffed and open daily. Supplies may be short. There are sub-health centres at Budoya and Salamo and an aid post at Wadalei (Maiadom language area). The closest hospital is in Alotau, on the mainland. Diet (Quality) Good Comment (Diet) Banana, plantain, yam, sago, pineapple, citrus fruit, fish (coastal areas), greens, pumpkin, and coconut. Water (Quality) Fair Comment (Water) The water quality is reported to be 'fair-good'. Villages are close to rivers. One village had no fresh water source closer than 2 km away. Shelter Description Homes are made of palm wood, and the roofs of palm leaves. The homes are raised 4- 6 feet off the ground. Electricity None Energy/Fuel (Quality) Fair Clothing Most wear second hand western style clothes, although a few girls and women wear traditional grass skirts. Transportation Transportation is by walking, canoes, and dinghies. Infant Mortality Rate 53.15 per 1,000 live births (national average according to http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pp.html#People) Life Expectancy 64.56 years (national average according to http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pp.html#People) Leading Cause Of Death Malaria Society & Culture Group Description Family Structures Villages in the southern part of the Galeya area appear to be patrilineal, while northern villages are matrilineal. Neighbor Relations Neighbor relations are mostly amiable, although some crime-related tension with the neighboring Molima language group. Authority / Rule Village elders hold significant authority. Magistrates and ward councilors also have authority on a local level. Social Habits/Groupings There are no large villages. There are approximately 170 hamlets, each with less than 10 houses. Each hamlet has its own name and separate identity from other hamlets. When there are several hamlets close enough to each other, an outsider might think the group was just one village. People identify more closely with their governmental ward area than with the language group as a whole. Cultural Change Pace Medium Identification With National Culture Similar Self Image Neutral Judicial / Punishment System 'Police'. Local elders may be involved in resolving disputes. Celebrations Weddings, pig exchanges, Independence Day, and Christmas. Recreations Rugby, traditional music and dancing. Art Forms Carving traditional drums, traditional dance and music. Media A few people have radios. Local Language Broadcasting None The Galeya of Papua New Guinea Item Name Item Note Attitude To Outsiders Very receptive Attitude To Change Somewhat receptive Youth Group Description Labor and tasks (6-12 year olds) Responsibilities: Haul water, wash dishes, and care for younger siblings. Education Group Description Primary Schools 10 Comment (Primary Schools) Teacher to student ratio in primary schools is reported to be between 1:18 and 1:35. Primary School Enrollment 590 Comment (Primary School Enrollment) There is reported to be an estimated 50% of those eligible enrolled in primary school. Secondary Schools 5 Secondary School Enrollment 22 Percent Of Eligible Students Enrolled 40% Language Of Instruction Early Years Of Instruction Early Years Dobu Language Of Textbooks Early Years English Comment (Language Of Instruction) Galeya is also reported to be one of the languages of instruction in the primary schools. Comment (Language Of Textbook) The Galeya language is reported to be used in textbook instruction in the primary schools. Comment (Education) There is reported to be 9 unmixed schools at the primary level, and 0 unmixed at the secondary level. Church Growth Status of Christianity Reached Status Evaluated Reached Classification Evangelized Total Baptized 631+ Lay Leaders 16 lay preachers Bible Schools Leadership Training Course run by United Church on the northern coast of Fergusson Island. Christian Literacy Centers None Religion & Response Status of Christianity Attitude To Christianity Somewhat receptive Resistance / Receptivity A few people are true Christians; many are nominal Christians. Spiritual Climate And Openness Some elements of the traditional religion (i.e. sorcery) still play a major role in Galeya society. Most people would claim to be Christians, but that does not preclude their involvement with non-Christian spiritual powers. Recommended Approaches Work with existing churches. Current Needs The Galeya people need the Bible translated into their language so that they can clearly understand its message. In order to do this, they will need help from missionaries. Items For Prayer ·Galeya Christians – pray that the Galeya believers will be strengthened in their faith. ·Witness – pray that the believers will have opportunities and boldness to witness to Galeya non-Christians. ·Pastors and lay leaders – pray that they will be well-equipped (training, spiritual strength and discernment, etc.) for their work. ·Freedom – pray that Galeyans will be freed from the power of sorcery and other evil spiritual influences. ·Bible – pray that God would raise up people (both Galeyans and outside missionaries) to translate the Bible into Galeya so that it can be clearly understood. History Of Christianity In Group Status of Christianity Year Began Late 19th century. The Galeya of Papua New Guinea Item Name Item Note By Whom Methodist Significant Events The first religious group to come to the Galeya area was the Methodist Church (later joined with other Papua New Guinean churches to form the United Church). Missionary Dr. Bromilow arrived on nearby Dobu Island in the late 19th century. Later he briefly visited Duduna ward in the Galeya area. Tradition holds that a fierce Galeya warrior named Kwaredi was a leader in tribal warfare before the arrival of Dr. Bromilow. Dr. Bromilow wanted to end warfare and cannibalism in the area, so he visited Kwaredi, bringing gifts—a stick of tobacco and a white laplap (cloth), which symbolized light and the end of the war. The missionary tied the laplap around Kwaredi’s waist, prayed with the people, and then left them. Reportedly, Dr. Bromilow’s visit marked the end of fighting in the Galeya area. A second wave of missionaries came during the first half of the 20th century, to visit the area and to plant churches. Between the 1930s and 1950s, there were three influential Dobu missionaries in the Galeya area. Thus, the heritage of the churches in the Galeya area rests largely upon Dobu roots. This explains, in part, the prominent role the Dobu language plays in modern Galeya churches. Although precise dates are uncertain, church leaders reported that the Catholic Church entered the Galeya area in the 1960s. St. Pius Sarto Church in Momo’awa was probably established sometime during that decade. Francis Malolo from Lau’oya was instrumental in bringing the church to his home area in 1963. In 1982, a Dobu man from Tauru (near Esa’ala) started both St. Andrew Catholic Church Taigwana’oya and Momoawa School. The last religious group to come to the Galeya area was the Seventh Day Adventist Church. Circa 1980 Pastor Avau from Central Province started a Seventh Day Adventist Church at Mokai (Bosalewa language area), which was the “mother church” for the SDA church in Lau’oya (Galeya area), founded in 1982. In 1991, SDA members from the southern part of Fergusson Island came to the Galeya dialect area, and in 1992, a church was started there. Subsequently, a land dispute caused the church to be moved to its current location in Gugula (Sebutuia ward) in 2001. Scripture Status of Christianity Translation Status Definite Available Scripture None Comment (Scripture Use) It is reported there is a Bible in the Dobu language (although many cannot understand it). Other Forms Of Gospel Available: Literature No Other Forms Of Gospel Available: Recordings No Other Forms Of Gospel Available: Film/Videos No Other Forms Of Gospel Available: Radio No Missions and Churches Status of Christianity Organization Name United Church Main Ministry Church Planting Year Started Started 1st half 20th century. Number Of Adherents 800 Number Of Congregations 6 Number Of Expatriate Workers 0 Number Of National Workers 5 Number Of Local Workers 35 Number Of Workers Using Local Language Local language as well as Dobu language used in all United Churches in the area. The Galeya of Papua New Guinea Item Name Item Note Organization Name Seventh Day Adventists Main Ministry Church Planting Year Started 1982 Number Of Adherents 107 Number Of Congregations 3 Number Of Expatriate Workers 0 Number Of National Workers 9 Number Of Local Workers 10 Number Of Workers Using Local Language Churches use both Galeya and Dobu in their services. Organization Name Roman Catholic Church Main Ministry Church Planting Year Started 1960's Number Of Adherents 400 Number Of Congregations 4 Number Of Expatriate Workers 2 Number Of Local Workers About 19 Number Of Workers Using Local Language All Catholic churches use some local language, as well as Dobu language in services.