DOCSLIB.ORG

Expanded PDF Profile

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Profile Year: 2004 People and Language Detail Report Language Name: Galeya ISO Language Code: gar The Galeya of Papua New Guinea The Galeya people live on Fergusson Island in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. There are approximately 170 Galeya villages, most with less than 10 houses. Half of the villages are coastal, and half are in the mountains. Galeyans cultivate crops such as yams, bananas, and pineapples, primarily for personal consumption. Some produce is sold at local markets. Fresh fish supplements coastal villages’ diets. Houses are constructed on posts 5 or 6 feet above the ground. The floor and walls are made of palm wood, and palm leaves form the roofs. Most people wear modern clothing, although a few girls and women still wear grass skirts. The first missionary to the Galeya area was Dr. William E. Bromilow, of the Methodist Church, who briefly visited the Galeya people in the late 19th century. Tradition holds that a fierce Galeya warrior named Kwaredi was a leader in tribal warfare before Bromilow’s arrival. Bromilow wanted to end warfare and cannibalism in the area, so he paid a visit to Kwaredi, bringing gifts—a stick of tobacco and a white cloth, symbolizing light and the end of war. The missionary tied the cloth around Kwaredi’s waist, prayed with the people, and then left them. Reportedly, Bromilow’s visit marked the end of fighting in the Galeya area. There was a second wave of missionaries in the 20th century, who came to plant churches. Between the 1930s and 1950s, there were three influential missionaries from the neighboring Dobu language group. Thus, the heritage of Primary Religion: the Galeya churches rests largely upon Dobu roots. To this day, the Dobu Christian language plays a prominent role in Galeya churches. There is a Dobu Bible, which is frequently used in church, however, most Galeyans do not speak Dobu Disciples (Matt 28.19): well enough to understand Dobu Scriptures. Although many Galeya people claim 8% - 15% to be Christians, many are only nominal. Some profess Christianity while still practicing elements of their traditional religion, such as sorcery. Churches: 13 Scripture Status (Matt 28.20): None in Galeya Population (date): 2,623 (2000) The Galeya of Papua New Guinea Item Name Item Note Have They Heard The Gospel? Profile Summary Call Themselves Christian (%) >50% Comment (Call Themselves Christian) It is reported that 75% would call themselves Christian. Believe In Jesus As God & Only Savior (%) 8% - 15% Prophet/Good Man, But Not God's Son (%) This is not addressed in the report for this people group. Believe In The Local Traditional Religion (%) 80% to 90 % Believe in their local, traditional religion Have Not Heard Who Jesus is (%) 0% Number Of Pastors 22 Comment (Pastors) Most preachers are laymen. Number Of Missionaries Working 17 Response To The Gospel Approximately half of the Galeya people belong to a church. There are some true believers, while many people are nominal Christians. People commonly practice elements of their traditional religion, such as sorcery. Number Of Communities There are approximately 170 Galeya villages, most with less than 10 houses. Half of the villages are coastal, and half are in the mountains. Comment (Number Communities) Approximately 170 hamlets, organized into 6 government wards. People associate themselves strongly with their ward. Listed here are the wards and the religious organizations present in each ward. Ward of Duduna - United Church, Jehovah’s Witness ward of Gameta - United Ward of Lau’oya - Catholic, Seventh Day Adventist, United Ward of Momoawa - Catholic, Jehovah’s Witness Ward of Sebutuia - Catholic, Seventh Day Adventist, United Ward of Ulua - United Number Of Churches 13 Is The Word Of God Translated? None in the mother tongue of this people group. Any Hinderance To Scripture Distribution? Lack of vernacular Scriptures Forms Of Gospel Presentation Available (Summary) There are no forms of Gospel presentations available in the mother tongue of this people group. The Bible is readily available in the Dobu language, but, the majority of the population does not speak Dobu well enough to understand the Scriptures. What Kind Of Missionaries Are Needed? The Galeya people need the Bible translated into their language so that they can clearly understand its message. In order to do this, they will need help from missionaries. Population All Countries Group Description World Population For This People 2,623 World Population (Date) 2000 World Population (Urban Percent) 0% Comment (World Population) The world population for this people group is according to the 2000 Census. Countries Where People Group Lives Group Description Country Name Papua New Guinea Geography & Environment Group Description Location Located on the eastern coast of Fergusson Island in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea Country Papua New Guinea Ecosystem Type Semi-tropical Geological Type Coastal Elevation 0-300 Meters Longitude E150.80337 to E150.90677 Latitude S9.42166 to S9.61658 Climate Tropical. 2 seasons: wet and dry. The Galeya of Papua New Guinea Item Name Item Note Comments (Geography & Environment) The geological type is also reported to be mountainous slopes. Map Features Fergusson Island BasimaS9.49018 E150.83903 Gameta S9.42166 E150.80337 SebutuyaS9.57872 E150.86460 Taigwana’oya S9.58299 E150.84194 MomoawaS9.55933 E150.81553 YoridanS9.45103 E150.82502 Language & Linguistics Group Description Primary Language GALEYA Alternate Language Names GAREA Comment (Alternate Names) Basima, Lau’oya, Ulua*, and Gameta are also reported to be alternate names for this people group, but were not found in the 'Select List'. *Note: The author gave the spelling of this language name as 'Ulua', whereas in the Ethonologue, there is a spelling of 'Urua'. Comments (Dialect) Gameta, Ulua, Basima, and Galeya are reported to be dialects for this people group. Attitude Towards Mother Tongue Very receptive Percent Monolingual (%) > 25% Second Languages Dobu Second Languages English Comment (Second Language) Although there is a Dobu Bible, which is frequently used in church, most Galeyans do not speak Dobu well enough to understand Dobu Scriptures. Comment (On Other Mother Tongues) None Linguistically Related Languages DUAU Linguistically Related Languages Boselewa Linguistically Related Languages BUNAMA Linguistically Related Languages MWATEBU Linguistically Related Languages DOBU Linguistically Related Languages SEWA BAY Neighboring Languages DOBU Neighboring Languages Maiadomu Neighboring Languages MOLIMA Active Language Programs Yes Literacy Group Description Adult Literacy Percentage 72.4% Comment (Attitude to literacy) The adult literacy percentage is according to 2000 Census. Percent Literate For Men 72.3% (2000 Census) Percent Literate For Women 72.5% (2000 Census) Literacy Attitude Very receptive Active Literacy Program Yes Publications In Vernacular None, although elementary school teachers make “Big Books” in Galeya to use in the classroom. Comment (Literacy) There are local elementary schools teaching children to read and write in Galeya. Economics Group Description Subsistence Type Agriculturalists Comment (Subsistence Type) It is reported this people group are 'swidden' agriculturalists. Average Annual Income It is reported to be self-sustaining. However, the average annual income for all of PNG is reported to be $930 USD. Occupation Subsistence Farmers The Galeya of Papua New Guinea Item Name Item Note Income Sources Garden Produce Products / Crafts Baskets Trade Partners Trobriand Islands, Dobu, Duau, Amphletts. Some Galeya speakers are part of the traditional kula trading ring. Kula trading is a complex network in Milne Bay Province. Men involved in kula trade exchange red necklaces called bagi and kina shells called mwali. Modernization / Utilities Pressure lanterns, radio, and outboard motors. Community Development Group Description Health Care (Quality) Fair Comment (Health Care) Health services in the Galeya area are an aid post at Sebutuya and the Basima Health Center at Lau'oya. The Basima Health Center has more staff and services than the Sebutuya aid post. Both are staffed and open daily. Supplies may be short. There are sub-health centres at Budoya and Salamo and an aid post at Wadalei (Maiadom language area). The closest hospital is in Alotau, on the mainland. Diet (Quality) Good Comment (Diet) Banana, plantain, yam, sago, pineapple, citrus fruit, fish (coastal areas), greens, pumpkin, and coconut. Water (Quality) Fair Comment (Water) The water quality is reported to be 'fair-good'. Villages are close to rivers. One village had no fresh water source closer than 2 km away. Shelter Description Homes are made of palm wood, and the roofs of palm leaves. The homes are raised 4- 6 feet off the ground. Electricity None Energy/Fuel (Quality) Fair Clothing Most wear second hand western style clothes, although a few girls and women wear traditional grass skirts. Transportation Transportation is by walking, canoes, and dinghies. Infant Mortality Rate 53.15 per 1,000 live births (national average according to http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pp.html#People) Life Expectancy 64.56 years (national average according to http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pp.html#People) Leading Cause Of Death Malaria Society & Culture Group Description Family Structures Villages in the southern part of the Galeya area appear to be patrilineal, while northern villages are matrilineal. Neighbor Relations Neighbor relations are mostly amiable, although
Recommended publications
  • Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No

    Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No

    AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Working Paper No. 6 MILNE BAY PROVINCE TEXT SUMMARIES, MAPS, CODE LISTS AND VILLAGE IDENTIFICATION R.L. Hide, R.M. Bourke, B.J. Allen, T. Betitis, D. Fritsch, R. Grau, L. Kurika, E. Lowes, D.K. Mitchell, S.S. Rangai, M. Sakiasi, G. Sem and B. Suma Department of Human Geography, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia REVISED and REPRINTED 2002 Correct Citation: Hide, R.L., Bourke, R.M., Allen, B.J., Betitis, T., Fritsch, D., Grau, R., Kurika, L., Lowes, E., Mitchell, D.K., Rangai, S.S., Sakiasi, M., Sem, G. and Suma,B. (2002). Milne Bay Province: Text Summaries, Maps, Code Lists and Village Identification. Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No. 6. Land Management Group, Department of Human Geography, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra. Revised edition. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry: Milne Bay Province: text summaries, maps, code lists and village identification. Rev. ed. ISBN 0 9579381 6 0 1. Agricultural systems – Papua New Guinea – Milne Bay Province. 2. Agricultural geography – Papua New Guinea – Milne Bay Province. 3. Agricultural mapping – Papua New Guinea – Milne Bay Province. I. Hide, Robin Lamond. II. Australian National University. Land Management Group. (Series: Agricultural systems of Papua New Guinea working paper; no. 6). 630.99541 Cover Photograph: The late Gore Gabriel clearing undergrowth from a pandanus nut grove in the Sinasina area, Simbu Province (R.L.
  • Austronesian Paths and Journeys

    Austronesian Paths and Journeys

    AUSTRONESIAN PATHS AND JOURNEYS AUSTRONESIAN PATHS AND JOURNEYS EDITED BY JAMES J. FOX TO THE MEMORY OF MARSHALL D. SAHLINS We would like to dedicate this volume to the memory of Marshall Sahlins who was a brilliantly productive and remarkably insightful ‘Austronesianist’. His Social Stratification in Polynesia was an early, important and provocative comparative study (1958); his Moala: Culture and Nature on a Fijian Island (1962) was a major ethnographic monograph of lasting value; and his Islands of History (1985) was an interpretive analysis that gave global significance to events in the history of the Pacific. His influence was profound on both students and colleagues. We have all learned much from him and his work. Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760464325 ISBN (online): 9781760464332 WorldCat (print): 1247151070 WorldCat (online): 1247150967 DOI: 10.22459/APJ.2021 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: A gathering of members of the clan Nabuasa in the village of Lasi in the mountains of West Timor to hear the recitation of the journey of their ancestral name. Photo by James J. Fox. This edition © 2021 ANU Press Contents Abbreviations . ix List of illustrations . xi 1 . Towards a comparative ethnography of Austronesian ‘paths’ and ‘journeys’ .
  • Galeya Language Group

    Galeya Language Group

    DigitalResources Electronic Survey Report 2015-022 The Sociolinguistic Situation of the Galeya Language Group Philip Lambrecht, Alison Kassell, and Margaret Potter The Sociolinguistic Situation of the Galeya Language Group Philip Lambrecht, Alison Kassell, Margaret Potter SIL International® 2015 SIL Electronic Survey Report 2015-022, October 2015 © 2015 SIL International® All rights reserved 1 2 Abstract Between 13 February and 12 March 2004, the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) conducted a survey of the Galeya language, which is spoken on the east coast of Fergusson Island in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. The goals of the survey were (1) to identify dialect boundaries within the language; (2) to investigate language vitality, particularly as indicated by language change and bilingualism; and (3) to determine the extent to which the Galeya people could potentially participate in the development of their language, based on levels of education in the area. The team conducted sociolinguistic interviews to assess vitality, used self-evaluation questionnaires to evaluate proficiency in Dobu and English, and elicited wordlists for lexicostatistical comparison. Four distinct dialects (Galeya, Basima, Ulua, and Gameta) were identified, but all four dialects can reportedly understand the central Basima dialect. The Galeya language appears to be vital, and there are educated individuals in the area who could potentially be involved in language development. Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Language name and classification 1.2 Language location 1.2.1 Maps 1.3 Population 1.4 Previous research 1.4.1 Troolin and Engkvist 1.4.2 Lithgow 1.5 Sampling 1.5.1 Macro level sampling 1.5.2 Micro level sampling 2 Dialect boundaries 2.1 Previous research on dialect boundaries 2.1.1 Research by D.
  • Massim Mortuary Rituals Revisited

    Massim Mortuary Rituals Revisited

    Journal de la Société des Océanistes 124 | Année 2007-1 Hertz Revisité (1907-2007) Massim mortuary rituals revisited John Liep Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/jso/802 DOI: 10.4000/jso.802 ISSN: 1760-7256 Publisher Société des océanistes Printed version Date of publication: 1 June 2007 Number of pages: 97-103 ISBN: 978-2-85430-010-9 ISSN: 0300-953x Electronic reference John Liep, « Massim mortuary rituals revisited », Journal de la Société des Océanistes [Online], 124 | Année 2007-1, Online since 01 June 2010, connection on 20 April 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/jso/802 ; DOI : 10.4000/jso.802 © Tous droits réservés Massim mortuary rituals revisited par John LIEP* RÉSUMÉ ABSTRACT Alors que la région est célèbre pour la kula, les rites et While this region is famous for the kula, mortuary échanges funéraires sont en fait la principale dimension rituals and exchanges are in fact the prime cultural culturelle des Massim ¢ l’archipel juste à l’est de la focus of the Massim ¢ the archipelagos just east of New Nouvelle-Guinée. Frederick Damon note que l’exhuma- Guinea. Frederick Damon notes that exhumation and tion et l’enterrement secondaire, le thème central chez secondary burial, the theme central to Robert Hertz, Robert Hertz, faisaient partie des rites mortuaires des were part of Massim mortuary rites, but were prohibited Massim, mais furent interdits par le gouvernement colo- by the colonial government and Christian missions and nial et par les missions chrétiennes, et ont disparu depuis have long disappeared. Yet mortuary feasting remains longtemps. Les festivités mortuaires demeurent néan- vital in Massim societies.
  • Faces of Melanesia

    Faces of Melanesia

    NO SINGLEJUST ANNOUNCED: SUPPLEMENT! FACES OF MELANESIA November 17 – December 3, 2016 | 17 Days | Aboard the Caledonian Sky PAPUA SOLOMON Expedition Highlights NEW GUINEA TROBRIAND ISLANDS ISLANDS Kuyawa Island / LAUGHLAN • Join us on an award-winning journey Nakwaba Island ISLANDS Port Moresby that reveals the extraordinary diversity MELANESIA of Melanesia and its people. Fergusson Island / Dobu Island D'ENTRECASTEAUX SANTA CRUZ • Visit idyllic islands and isolated villages ISLANDS ISLANDS Utupua to witness time-honored traditions and Tikopia ceremonies including hypnotic drum- ming, melodic bamboo panpipes, and Espiritu Santo elaborately-costumed dancers. SOUTHERN PACIFIC OCEAN • Snorkel or dive over pristine coral reefs Ambrym populated by a variety of tropical fish— VANUATU neon damsels, clownfish, Moorish Port Vila idols, butterflyfish, delicate seahorses, and brilliantly hued wrasses. • Search for striking endemic birds, including the Solomon Island sea eagle, buff-headed coucal, and Melanesian megapode, amidst the lush, tropical vegetation. • Itinerary .................................... page 2 > • Flight Information ...................... page 3 > • Ship, Deck Plan & Rates ............ page 4 > • Know Before You Go ................. page 5 > © Sergey Frolov © Giovanna Fasanelli Wednesday, November 23 Itinerary KUYAWA & NAKWABA, TROBRIAND ISLANDS This morning we visit with the traditional Trobriand islanders of Kuyawa and view energetic, time-honored dances that Based on the expeditionary nature of our trips, there may be celebrate fishing and the seasonal yam harvest. Learn about the ongoing enhancements to this itinerary. history of the Kula Ring, a circular pattern of ceremonial trade relationships that binds the islands of Milne Bay and eastern Papua New Guinea together in a long-established network of Thursday & Friday, November 17 & 18, 2016 friendship. These islanders are also renowned for the exquisite DEPART USA quality of their ebony wood carvings, often decorated with Board your independent overnight flight to Port Moresby.
  • Black, White & Gold

    Black, White & Gold

    BLACK, WHITE & GOLD Goldmining in Papua New Guinea 1878–1930 BLACK, WHITE & GOLD Goldmining in Papua New Guinea 1878–1930 HANK NELSON Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Nelson, Hank, 1937-2012, author. Title: Black, white and gold : gold mining in Papua New Guinea, 1878-1930 / Hank Nelson. ISBN: 9781921934339 (paperback) 9781921934346 (ebook) Subjects: Gold mines and mining--Papua New Guinea--History. Gold miners--Papua New Guinea--History. Dewey Number: 622.3420995 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. First published 1976 by The Australian National University Reprinted © 2016 ANU Press Preface Papua New Guinean communities living on islands in the Coral Sea, near creeks feeding the major rivers of the mainland, and in villages crowded along ridge-tops in the interior, gardened and hunted over land containing gold. Most of the men who came hungry for the gold were from Australia. They carried with them the skills to obtain it and the beliefs then common among Australian working men about foreigners and blacks. Most of the diggers believed that their guns and their brains made them superior to any ‘coloured’ men. Some also thought that they were physically superior, although that was harder to believe after 1902 when the first black American won a world boxing title.
  • Cultural and Cognitive Implications of the Trobriand Islanders' Gradual

    Cultural and Cognitive Implications of the Trobriand Islanders' Gradual

    Chapter 11 “ Masawa—bogeokwa si tuta! ”: Cultural and Cognitive Implications of the Trobriand Islanders’ Gradual Loss of Their Knowledge of How to Make a Masawa Canoe Gunter Senft Kwatuyavesa waga , Turn round the sail of the canoe, rakeda milaveta! its course is to the open sea! ( Oruvekoya song cycle, fi rst stanza ) A few days after I had set foot on the Trobriand Islands for the fi rst time in 1982, 1 I spied a masawa canoe sailing close-hauled toward Kiriwina, the main island of the Trobriands. Although I had seen Malinowski’s (1922/ 1978 ) photographs of these impressive canoes in his monograph Argonauts of the Western Pacifi c , I was over- whelmed by the grace and beauty of this sight. Three weeks later I had the opportu- nity to sail on such a canoe from Kaibola, the northernmost village on Kiriwina Island, back to Tauwema, the village on Kaile’una Island that has been my place of residence during my fi eld research on the Trobriands for more than 25 years now. My sailing experience with a masawa canoe is one of my dearest memories so far. In Malinowski’s times Kaile’una Island as well as Vakuta Island, Kitava Island, and the village of Sinaketa on Kiriwina Island were known as the best centers for canoe-building and as the places where most expert canoe-builders and carvers lived (Malinowski 1922/1978 , pp. 121–145). In 1982 Tauwema had eight masawa , 1 This chapter is based on more than 40 months of fi eld research on the Trobriand Islands.
  • Type Specimens of Birds in the American Museum of Natural History

    Type Specimens of Birds in the American Museum of Natural History

    L Scientific Publications of the American Museum of Natural History e Croy American Museum Novitates TyPe SPeCIMeNS oF BIrDS IN THe Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History : Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History T AMERICAN MUSeUM oF NATUrAL HISTORY y P Publications Committee e SP PArT 8. PASSERIFORMeS: Robert S. Voss, Chair e Board of Editors CIM PACHyCePHALIDAe, AeGITHALIDAe, reMIZIDAe, Jin Meng, Paleontology e Lorenzo Prendini, Invertebrate Zoology NS PArIDAe, SITTIDAe, NEOSITTIDAe, CERTHIIDAe, Robert S. Voss, Vertebrate Zoology o rHABDORNITHIDAe, CLIMACTERIDAe, DICAeIDAe, Peter M. Whiteley, Anthropology F BI PArDALoTIDAe, AND NeCTArINIIDAe Managing Editor r DS: DS: Mary Knight 8. PAS M Ary L eCroy Submission procedures can be found at http://research.amnh.org/scipubs S ER Complete lists of all issues of Novitates and Bulletin are available on the web (http:// IF digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace). Inquire about ordering printed copies via e-mail from OR [email protected] or via standard mail from: M e American Museum of Natural History—Scientific Publications, S Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024. This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper). AMNH BULL On the cover: The type specimen of Pachycephala nudigula Hartert, 1897, shown here in a lithograph by J.G. e TIN 333 Keulemans (Novitates Zoologicae, 1897, 4: pl. 3, fig.3), was collected by Alfred Everett on Flores Island, Indonesia, in October 1896. The bare, deep red throat, unique in the genus, occurs only in the adult male and is inflated when he sings.
  • Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands

    Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands

    Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to January 2020 Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands Background An inquiry from a librarian in Micronesia about how to identify subject headings for the Pacific islands highlighted the need for a list of authorized Library of Congress subject headings that are uniquely relevant to the Pacific islands or that are important to the social, economic, or cultural life of the islands. We reasoned that compiling all of the existing subject headings would reveal the extent to which additional subjects may need to be established or updated and we wish to encourage librarians in the Pacific area to contribute new and changed subject headings through the Hawai‘i/Pacific subject headings funnel, coordinated at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.. We captured headings developed for the Pacific, including those for ethnic groups, World War II battles, languages, literatures, place names, traditional religions, etc. Headings for subjects important to the politics, economy, social life, and culture of the Pacific region, such as agricultural products and cultural sites, were also included. Scope Topics related to Australia, New Zealand, and Hawai‘i would predominate in our compilation had they been included. Accordingly, we focused on the Pacific islands in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia (excluding Hawai‘i and New Zealand). Island groups in other parts of the Pacific were also excluded. References to broader or related terms having no connection with the Pacific were not included. Overview This compilation is modeled on similar publications such as Music Subject Headings: Compiled from Library of Congress Subject Headings and Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies.
  • Nomenclature Abbreviations

    Nomenclature Abbreviations

    Abbreviations * As a prefix, indicates a proto language word /?/ glottal stop 2′ compound for 3 = 2 + 1 or rarely 1 + 1 + 1 but numeral for 4 2″ distinct numeral for 3 but 4 is a compound, usually 2 + 2, rarely 5 - 1 or 2 + 1 + 1 AN Austronesian languages BC or BCE Before Christ, that is before the Current Era taken as before the period of Christ BP Before the present CE or AD In the current era, that is after the year of the Lord (Domino/Dominum) Christ CSQ, MQ Counting System Questionnaire; Measurement Questionnaire d. dialect IMP Indigenous Mathematics Project Manus type Lean used this to refer to counting systems that used subtraction from 10 such as 7=10-3, 8=10-2, 9=10-1, often with the meaning e.g. for 7 as 3 needed to com- plete the group MC Micronesian Motu type Lean used this to refer to counting systems that used pairs such as 6=2x3, 7=2x3+1, 8=2x4, 9=2x4+1 NAN Non-Austronesian (also called Papuan) languages NCQ, CQN Noun, classifier, quantifier; classifier, quantifier, noun NQC, QCN Noun, quantifier, classifier; quantifier, classifier, noun NTM New Tribes Mission, PNG PAN Proto Austronesian PN Polynesian PNG Papua New Guinea POC Proto Oceanic QC, CQ Order of quantifier-classifier; classifier-quantifier respectively SHWNG South Halmahera West New Guinea (AN Non-Oceanic language of the Central- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, a subgroup of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian) after Tryon (2006) SIL Summer Institute of Linguistics SOV Order of words in a sentence: Subject Object Verb SVO Order of words in a sentence: Subject Verb Object TNG Trans New Guinea Phylum Nomenclature The Australian system of numbering is used.
  • Visitor Information Guide Milne Bay Ecotourism

    Visitor Information Guide Milne Bay Ecotourism

    Contents Introduction..........................................1 Once You Get to Milne Bay 13 All about Milne Bay 2 Transport................................. 13-14 General facilities in Alotau ............14 Milne Bay Province.............................2 Milne Bay Ecotourism Food, drink and eating out ...... 15-16 Natural Environment...........................3 In Alotau..................................15 Culture ...................................... 3-4 On the islands .........................16 Visitor Information Guide Religion.........................................4 Drinking water .........................16 War History...................................5 Accommodation in Alotau .............17 Language......................................5 What to wear.................................17 What to bring........................... 18-19 Milne Bay Ecotourism Experience 6 Health and safety ....................18 Activities..................................18 Community-based Ecotourism ...........6 Transport.................................19 /Attractions.... 6-8 Island Guest Houses Food and drink ........................19 y Island ........................7 Pricing and costs..................... 19-20 Normanb Fergusson Island........................8 Nuakata Island ............................8 Useful Resources 21 Things to Know Before You Go 9 Language Appendix 22 Milne Bay .....................9 How to get to Visas...................................................9 Travelling Responsibly................23 Money and currency.........................10

  • Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands

    Library of Congress Subject Headings for the Pacific Islands First compiled by Nancy Sack and Gwen Sinclair Updated by Nancy Sack Current to December 2014 A Kinum (Papua New Guinean people) Great Aboré Reef (New Caledonia) USE Kaulong (Papua New Guinean people) Récif Aboré (New Caledonia) A Kinum language BT Coral reefs and islands—New Caledonia USE Kaulong language Abui language (May Subd Geog) A Kinun (Papua New Guinean people) [PL6621.A25] USE Kaulong (Papua New Guinean people) UF Barawahing language A Kinun language Barue language USE Kaulong language Namatalaki language A’ara language BT Indonesia—Languages USE Cheke Holo language Papuan languages Aara-Maringe language Abulas folk songs USE Cheke Holo language USE Folk songs, Abulas Abaiang Atoll (Kiribati) Abulas language (May Subd Geog) UF Abaiang Island (Kiribati) UF Abelam language Apaia (Kiribati) Ambulas language Apaiang (Kiribati) Maprik language Apia (Kiribati) BT Ndu languages Charlotte Island (Kiribati) Papua New Guinea—Languages Matthews (Kiribati) Acira language Six Isles (Kiribati) USE Adzera language BT Islands—Kiribati Adam Island (French Polynesia) Abaiang Island (Kiribati) USE Ua Pou (French Polynesia) USE Abaiang Atoll (Kiribati) Adams (French Polynesia) Abau language (May Subd Geog) USE Nuka Hiva (French Polynesia) [PL6621.A23] Ua Pou (French Polynesia) UF Green River language Adams Island (French Polynesia) BT Papuan languages USE Ua Pou (French Polynesia) Abelam (New Guinea tribe) Admiralties (Papua New Guinea) USE (Abelam (Papua New Guinean people) USE Admiralty