Hamilton Amateur Astronomers

March 2000 Volume 7 Issue 5 Constellation(s) of the Month - Margaret Walton Corvus, Crater, Sextans

his is a great time Raven (Corvus) forever from bright, small, elongated of the year to the water. galaxy with a very bright investigate these three Objects to See in Crater nucleus of magnitude 11.9. Tconstellations. They are in and Corvus (Corvus). the same area of the sky and all have a midnight NGC4361. Planetary Nebula. NGC3887. Galaxy. This is a culmination between the bright, large, irregular/round middle of March and the This is a bright, large, round nebula of magnitude 10.9 and galaxy with a bright nucleus beginning of April. The and dark lanes. Magnitude is nights are also getting milder, is located in Corvus. 11.0. (Crater). making observing a little more comfortable. NGC4038/4039. Antennae or Ring-tail Galaxy. This is a NGC3865. Galaxy. This is a faint, large, diffuse galaxy of Crater and Corvus bright, large, round galaxy of magnitude 10.9. It has a pair magnitude 12.0. There are Apollo was thirsty and sent of long, thin arms and is many small galaxies in the the Raven with a chalice colliding with NGC4039. same field. (Crater). (Crater) to fetch the water of (Corvus). life. Raven spied some figs NGC3892. Galaxy. This is a and waited by the tree for the NGC4033. Galaxy. This is a bright, large, round galaxy figs to ripen. By the time he bright, small, slightly with a very bright nucleus. got the water, he was very elongated galaxy of Magnitude is 11.5. (Crater). late. He spied a watersnake magnitude 11.8. (Corvus). and brought it along, claiming NGC3672. Galaxy. This is a the snake had delayed him. NGC3962. Galaxy. This is a bright, large, elongated spiral Apollo knew this was a lie bright, large, irregular/round galaxy with many arms. and cursed him with eternal galaxy of magnitude 10.6. Magnitude is 11.4. (Crater). thirst. He placed all three in (Crater). the sky, with Hydra, the NGC3511. Galaxy. This is a watersnake, keeping the NGC4462. Galaxy. This is a (Continued on page 3)

Chair’s Report page 2 Star Party page 7 inside... Hooked on the Shadow page 3 April Star Chart page 9 Quantum Forces page 4 Calendar of Events page 10 Page 2 Chair’s Report

have returned (long since) from my scientific pursuit of

Ithe effects of solar energy on vent Horizon is a the human psyche, as well as While Epublication of the Hamilton Amateur I’m how this is affected by the Astronomers (HAA). presence of copious quantities of Margueritas. Don’t forget that The HAA is an amateur astronomy this excursion to the sun of club dedicated to the promotion and distributing Florida included a side study of enjoyment of astronomy for people of kudos, I would like to thank heavenly bodies – or at least, all ages and experience levels Ev Butterworth for her role in that was the plan. The net membership. She has taken on results were as follows: The cost of the subscription is new responsibilities at work and included in the $15 individual or $20 has found that she is strapped a) The effect of solar family membership fee for the year. for time. I am pleased to energy is a wonderful Event Horizon is published a announce that her position on soporific sensation and minimum of 10 times a year. the Board has been filled by the the elimination of stress. ever-reliable and efficient Ann HAA Council Tekatch. b) The effect of a quantity Hon. Chair Jim Winger

of Margueritas is a Chair Grant Dixon It should also be noted that Rob wonderful soporific Second Chair Stewart Attlesey Roy has done stalwart duty in sensation and the Secretary Marg Walton his constant and vigilant efforts elimination of stress. Treasurer Barbara Wight at the Binbrook Conservation Obs. Dir Bret Culver Area. For those who haven’t c) The effect of the Editor Rosa Assalone been there for a while, we have combination of a) and b) is Membership Dir. Ann Tekatch a wonderful warm-up area tantamount to a comatose state, HAJA Coord Rosa Assalone thanks to Rob. If you are i.e., lovely! amongst the missing, shame! Councillors

The result of the side study of Doug Black We are looking for members to heavenly bodies was less than John McCloy give exchange talks at other successful, partly because the Rob Roy clubs. If you have always wanted median age of guests and Doug Welch to take your astronomical inhabitants of New Smyrna knowledge to exotic climes, or Beach is 85 years, and partly Web Site just strut your stuff, please because said inhabitants were http://www.science.mcmaster.ca/HAA/ bundled in coats, hats, and mitts contact me. (picture, if you will, Southern Mailing Address Ontario in February – with sand). Finally, if any members have PO Box 65578 Dundas, ON L9H 6Y6 We complained bitterly to the suggestions or requests for local Chamber of Commerce guest speakers, please let me concerning the lack of heavenly know. This has been proven to bodies, and they arranged for a be the best way to get great space shuttle to be launched in speakers. our honour. Grant Dixon, Chair Once again, I would like to thank [email protected] Stewart Attlesey for Chairing the main meeting in February (Please note my new e-mail and allowing me to get away for address – if you send a message a fun week in the sun and sand. to my old NetAccess address, I won’t get it.)

Event Horizon - Hamilton Amateur Astronomers Page 3

Corvus, Crater, Sextans

(Continued from page 1) elongated. Magnitude is 9.7. very faint, large, elongated NGC3169. Galaxy. This is a galaxy in pair with NGC3513. NGC3166. Galaxy. This is a bright, large, elongated galaxy Magnitude is 11.0. (Crater). bright, small, round galaxy with a dark lane. It is interacting with galaxy interacting with galaxy NGC3513. Galaxy. This is a NGC3169. Magnitude is NGC3166. Magnitude is very faint, large, s-shaped 10.6. 10.5. spiral galaxy with two strong arms. It is in pair with NGC3511. Magnitude is 11.5. (Crater).

Sextans Sextans is a modern constellation created in the 1600’s by Johannes Hevelius to commemorate the sextant, used to measure stellar positions.

Objects to see in Sextans. NGC3115. Spindle Galaxy. This is a lens shaped galaxy and is very bright, large and

“Hooked On The Shadow”:A Solar Eclipse Documentary

Ray Badgerow Discover why nature’s most Produced in association deeply- moving spectacle with Space: The Imagination “Hooked On The Shadow “ is drives thousands to some of Station by Toronto filmmaker a startling new documentary the remote regions of the David Makepeace who joined that examines the profound Earth. my expediton to Turkey last experience of witnessing a year,this 24 minute film is the total solar eclipse,and From the Caribbean first documentary for introduces us to the world of Islands to the deserts of of televison to capture chasers at eclipse chasing - fast ancient Bablyonia,”Hooked both the 1998 and 1999 solar becoming one of the most On The Shadow” takes us eclipses,and features images obsessive sub-cultures of our inside the shadow of the from award-winning eclipse time. Moon to explore the natural photographer Andreas Gada, phenomenon that has taken and a stirring original score Meet the eclipse chasers - a science to the edge of it’s by the young Toronto fanatical group whose lives understanding and fed our composer Mike Alonzo. have been forever changed by dreams of the future. what they see in the sky.

Event Horizon - Hamilton Amateur Astronomers Page 4 Quantum Forces. John Lawson description of a change of momentum with mechanism responsible time.(3) F = dP/dt = d for quark behaviour. (m*v)/dt =m*dv/dt = m*a. n the ‘Event Horizon’ Same thing. I of last November, I The following is my wrote of the speed of attempt at finding such But that is incorrect. P light and the tenet that a mechanism. The is a product m*v and the in the Quantum Region, concepts may not be new, derivative of a product where probability Psi is but I have not come has two terms. So, a factor, c is the most across them, or anything (4)F = dP/dt probable velocity of similar, so I offer them = m*dv/dt + v*dm/ particles. It may be as my own, to be treated dt. better to say that the as hypotheses, still to The first term is velocity c is the only be proven, for interest. Newton's equation in the universal constant - Classical region (m is used in interactions The approach can be constant and v is between particles - readily developed into a variable), and the which remains constant concept of the neutron second is the term in the quantum region. and other nuclei,quarks applicable in the Q.R. and all. I hope it is where v is constant and It will be argued that not considered out of m is variable. particles of mass cannot place in HAA, because, travel at velocity c amateurish though it may We - and particles - because that would be, it has direct ties entail infinite energy. to cosmology. I showed that ultimately, when the Probability 'Psi' makes space and time quanta the mass and other approach zero, the speed measureable quantities of light approaches dependant on distances, either zero or infinity. so the only constant In addition, in the inside the Quantum quantum region, Region is the velocity particles must be c. Using this, I believe treated as waves. So it is possible to relativity may not predict and quantify apply. That is a subject forces to which quantum on its own. particles, ie., quarks, measure particles by are subject. This is the their properties, The assumption is made so-called 'colour force' including mass. At here that c is the only because quarks are quantum distances, these velocity relevant in the believed to come in include the quantum region. threes, like the primary Probabilities Psi (l) colours, red, blue and and Psi(t) as shown in There are many yellow. the previous article. references citing Fig. 1. shows a graph of behaviour of quarks, Newton gave us the psi(l), psi(t), and psi2 their ‘Assymptotic equation (1) F = m*a (psi[l] and psi[t] Freedom’, the fact that where m = mass and a = change together for we do not observe them acceleration. constant c.) in a free state,and the idea that the required Nowadays, physicists Every particle has its separation energy have expanded that own quantum radius l, results in the creation definition to (2) F = where psi is 100%, of new particles. But I dP/dt. where P = m*v = ranging down to 0% at have not seen any momentum and t is time. So Force is the rate of (Continued on page 5) Event Horizon - Hamilton Amateur Astronomers Page 5

(Continued from page 4) measured from distance r = m*c2*psi2 its centre. The value of = m*r2/l2. m[r] changes When r = l, psi = 1, E = l depends on the with r. The rate of m*c2. particle mass. Planck's change is dm/dr. Constant contains 'm*l' If two particles are r in its make-up. (7) m[r] = m*psi2 = m*r2 apart, to move them to l (5) (m[e]*137.036)*R[o] apart, they must be = m[e]*(137.036*R[o]) l2 given (11) E(l-r)= m*c2 = const. dm 2*m*r (1-psi2) R[o] is the Classical = Electron 'Radius', a dr l2 When particles such as quantity which is very quarks come within important in atomic dm dm dr dm quantum distances, they theory. For any primary, = * = *c lose mass till they ie. non-structured - dt dr dt dr reach some permitted particle, its mass and level. Not all levels ‘radius’ are inversely 2*m*c*r are allowed. The lost proportional. 137.036 is = mass forms other the reciprical of l2 particles, which also ‘alpha’ which is a are restricted in permitted scaling factor If F[r] = force at r and values. This is evident in the hierarchy of v = c = const. because all neutrons are particles. identical, as are all (8) F[r] = v*dm/dt protons, etc. Quantum interactions = 2*m*c2*r begin when the centre of There is no evidence of one reaches the Q.R. of l2 force between quarks, the other. This is most (9) F(max) 2*m*c2*l that I can see, other effective when both are = than the mass change if the same size. Psi of l2 they leave their each is 100% at this 2*m*c2 relative stations. point. = l This gives the As two like particles appearance of quarks move closer together, c2/l has the dimensions being free to move their psi values drop of a 'pseudo' provided they do so but continue to have a acceleration. within a certain common value. Psi[1] = distance of each other. psi[2] at all times. The mass energy between The containing force is r = 0 and r, is the not centric between I believe it can be force required to quarks but resembles the shown that interactions provide the mass at r, side of a 'mass deficit between quarks are times the distance r, well' in which they are possible if and only if ie., Int F[r]*dr. E[r] = contained.That is they are identical Int(F[r].dr) where int = another subject on its (except for spin integral from r = 0 to r direction.) Only then = r. can a mutual reference frame be found. This (10) (2*m*c2*r) point is presented here E[r] = Int dr without proof. l2

If r = distance, centre = 2*m*c2*Int(r) to centre. l = quantum dr length. t is quantum l2 time. c = l/t. = 2*m*c2 (r2) sup r own. (6) m = 100% mass m[r] = (2*l2) sub 0 m*psi^2 = mass m Event Horizon - Hamilton Amateur Astronomers Page 6 Numerology and Nuclei.

John Lawson 274.072, and 371.152. Rounding off and affects not only the direction of spin, but signifying spin direction by arrows also the 'polarity' of particles. They This follows from the previous article gives 'know which end is up'. "Quantum Forces." It is semi-empirical 548.<- + 274.<- + 371.<- though based on theory. 274.-> + 371.-> In order to change <- to -> a particle = 1838.592<-. must emit a neutrino, a particle which There is a number I call a[um] (a- has no properties except a half-spin. The umlaut). a[um] = 2.708 429 576. This assumes Pauli's Exclusion quark has to emit 2 neutrinos. Principle applies inside nuclei as well as (1) 548<- ----> 548-> + n<- + n<- Add 4 to it. a[um] + 4 = 6.708 429 576 for orbitting electrons in atoms, so that so that the total spin is not changed. Multiply by 2*137.036. (137.036 is the no two particles in a nucleus can be inverse of alpha, the Fine Structure identical. Or it could do it differently. One 548 Constant used much is spectroscopy. It can split into two. was introduced by Sommerfeld early in From the previous article, quantum (2) 548<- --> 274<- + 274-> + n<- the 1900s, and is one of the permitted force is a mass defect force. This ratios in physics). suggests that all these particles split off The 742<- also can split. from some heavier single particle, into (3) 742<- --> 371<- + 371-> + n<- 6.708 429 574*2*137.036 fractions which are permitted. They are = 1838.592 711. confined together by their mass defects. Two neutrinos are still emitted but they are smaller. In (1), the neutrinos are The ratio of the neutron mass to the There is no force between them but they based on 548m[e], for a total of 1096m electron mass is m[N]/m[e] = 1838.683 all appear to be confined down the [e]. In (2) and (3), the two neutrinos are 662, a difference of .090 951 m[e]. same well' unable to get out until their based on 274 + 371 = 645m[e], some original mass is restored. If that occurs, 40% lighter. Less energy is required. Multiply of course, they are no longer the same {6^3*2*a[um]+1}*137.036. The answer particles, hence we can never see quarks In addition, by splitting into 7 particles, is 160 474.853. Multiply that in isolation. instead of 5, the quarks reach a higher by .000511 to give 82.002 65. (1m[e] level of entropy or dissipation. The = .511 Mev or .000511 Gev, the new It suggests a common ancestor, which universe works by dissipation. Each of way of expressing mass.) The mass of has a mass of more than 1838m[e]. This the pairs are bound together by their the W Boson particle is given as 82Gev, could be the 2010.48m[e] component of 'well' and act as one quark. which is only .00265 different. the Tau. As the product of a particle mass and its quantum radius is a Each partner in a pair is free to move in Multiply constant, equal to m[e]*137.036*R[o], its well, but it cannot approach its (7^2*5*2*a[um]+1)*137.036. we can find the Q.R. of that component, partner because by the psi rule it would The answer is 182 001.69. and calculate the limiting distance lose mass. This would become available That, multiplied by .000511 between quarks. as energy. So the two members of a pair gives 93.002 864. The mass of probably use this to orbit the common the Z Boson particle is given as 93 Q.R.[2010] = R[o]/2*a[um]^2 centre of gravity, 180 degrees apart. The Gev., .002 864 off. R[o] = 2.817 940 92*10^-15 cm. centrifugal force from this motion keeps So R[2010] = them apart, 'running round the wall of Multiply 2.817 940 92*10^-15 their mass deficit well'. (2*a[um]^2 + 4*a[um]*137.036 = ------2010.480 033 2*2.708 429 576^2 It may be possible to detect this motion 1484.609 422 as a resonance in nuclei. ------= 1.920 732 092*10^-14 cm. The 3495.089 455 limiting distances are based on this I read an article in the Toronto Star, dimension. Sunday, 20th Feb., Page F6. It seems to Multiplying this by .511 gives 1785.990 me that the above may be connected to 711. The Tau Lepton particle is quoted Why do the quarks settle on their final that article. It deals with the Big Bang. as having a mass of either 1784 or 1786 masses? They could be 548<- + 548<- + One more connection between particle Mev. Again, the difference is small. 742<-. But that is not allowed for two physics and cosmology. very good reasons, the Exclusion Re-arrange (4 + a[um])*2 as follows. Principle and the Conservation of Spin. Incidentally, for the curious, a[um] = (1 (2+2+a[um])*2 = 4+2+a[um] + 1/137.036)^137.036. 2+a[um] Perhaps both these could be satisfied by and say these represent particles. They turning one 548 upside down. But the Gluons are another matter. can be thought of as quarks. Multiplying handedness or chirality of matter does each by 137.036 gives 548.144, not allow that. A 548<- turned to I hope this is of interest.(Continued on page 10) become 548-> is just that. It has not Event Horizon - Hamilton Amateur Astronomers changed its spin because chirality Page 7 Chronicles of a Winter Star Party clear and beautifully transparent. telescoping telescope. The 10 ind of sorry to have I was looking at Saturn with my inch Dob folded down into a missed the last two 8" LX200, using a 12mm package 18 inches by 18 inches K meetings, but we had eyepiece in conjunction with a by 28 inches and weighed 38 this opportunity to once again 2X Barlow. It was magnificent. pounds. What a neat package. It attend the Winter Star Party at Many went to bed, set their contained the mirror, the Big Pine Key in Florida, so we alarms for 0300 hours, got up telescoping struts, a laser finder, took it. For those members and on a few occasions, were a rack and pinion focuser to unaware, the WSP was canceled rewarded. Other times the accommodate a 2 inch eyepiece, in 1999 due to three devastating situation was not good. Friday wing nuts for collimating the hurricanes. One would have had night and Saturday night, primary mirror, spider, and to top to be there in 1998 to realize everything changed for the it off, an aluminum padded case, how much damage to the site better. There were hoots and which when not in use attaches had been done: the trees hollers as the sun sank in the to the side of the mount with bordering the highway, (US1), west, leaving a beautiful clear Velcro. The price of $2480 US were mostly all blown away. starlit sky. All through the night was a bit steep, but the concept Parking the large RV's along that we roved the site peering was faultless. For anyone area solved the problem through the vast numbers of interested, the fellow makes somewhat, but still there was a telescopes, chit chatting and them all by hand, and there is a lot of light coming from the many generally pickling up a lot of 5 month lead time. There were vehicles traversing the route. good information. some other home built scopes, Astrophography was out of the some of which were pretty question, but we did get some Eta Carina was a good sight, as interesting. good seeing. well as the Horsehead through the 36 incher. Of course, we Again, it was good to go south Every night, the seeing was renewed old friendships and did and spend some time in the sun. excellent until around 2230 a lot of visiting as well as some Our reliable starship Odyssey, hours, when the clouds moved deep sea fishing. One new captained by yours truly and our in. Up to that point, the sky was scope shown by a vendor was a faithful First Officer Oksana, made the trip very uneventfully, HAA Star Party "Laurel Highlands Star Centaurus A from this site. he HAA Spring Star Cruise", June 1 - 4, 2000. T Party, originally There are a lot of area scheduled for June 2 - 4, will Star Cruise 2000, as it's being attractions for the non- not be held this year. Instead, called, will be held at the Tall astronomer (detailed on our we invite our members to Oaks Campground, in the web site), so bring the whole attend the following star Allegheny Mountains about family. party, which sounds very Uniontown, PA. Guest interesting. The web site is speakers from NASA, If you visit our website you'll excellent. regional universities and the see arrangements are still AAAP; special activities; a being finalized. But there's a Star Cruise 2000 swap table; and vendors are ton of info there already. planned. This is a tremendous The more than 530 members dark-sky site. Dark sky Laurel Highlands Star Cruise of the Amateur Astronomy photos are available on our Website: http://members.aol. Association of Pittsburgh website for your perusal. com/lhstarcruise (Pennsylvania) invite you to There's a CHANCE to see attend the second annual Omega Centauri and AAAP Website http://trfn.

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Messier Marathon Month Ev Rilett sighted on Christmas Night of 1780 the number of objects in 1758 by a German farmer and his catalog had increased to 80. amateur astronomer named Palitzch.) Undaunted by the Because of Messier's undeniable his is March and for embarrassment of the late success as a comet hunter King many astronomers, this announcement, Messier from Louis XV of France nicknamed T that time onward devoted himself him the " ". means the “Messier Marathon”. Ferret of Comets They say, all 110 Messier to searching for comets. In the Messier collaborated with the objects can be viewed in a single coming years he held a near younger astronomer Pierre evening. For all of you planning monopoly on comet discoveries Francois Andre Mechain who to attempt this or even just find claiming to have found 21 by was a successful comet hunter some new objects, the best of 1798. as well. During 1780 and 1781 luck to you. I thought I would he discovered some 32 new introduce our members to the Charles Messier used over a nebulous objects and reported man who created this list of dozen telescopes during his their positions to Messier. famous objects. I’ve borrowed career but his favorite was a 7.5 this text from the web and I hope inch 104x Gregorian reflector. On April 13, 1781 Messier added you enjoy Messier’s story. Later when the apochromatic the one hundredth object to the refractor became available he catalog. Three subsequent The French astronomer Charles utilized several 3.5 inch 120x observations by Mechain were Messier was born in Lorraine on apochromatics. included hastily without June 26, 1730. verification and what was to be When he was 11 his father died On August 28, 1758 Messier the final revision of the catalog and being the tenth of twelve found by chance a small was published in 1781. Forty of children Messier consequently nebulous (cloudy) object in the the 103 objects listed had been had little opportunity for constellation of Taurus while discovered by Messier and 27 by education. As a boy he observing a comet he had Mechain. In November of 1781, developed an avid interest in discovered two weeks earlier. Messier suffered a severe fall astronomy after seeing the This object, a supernova and further work on his catalog brilliant six-tailed comet of 1744. remnant known today as the was ended. Even though Messier came from Crab Nebula (M1), was later to a poor family and had limited become the first entry on a list of The French Revolution was a schooling he was hired at the comet- like objects that disastrous period for Messier age of 21 as a draftsman by eventually became the most and his compatriots. In 1794 Joseph-Nicholas de l'Isle, famous catalog of galaxies, Messier lost his Academie Astronomer to the French Navy. nebulae and star clusters in pension and naval salary and the Messier soon astronomy. Ironically, Messier navy stopped paying the rent on learned to use astronomical became famous historically for his observatory. President de instruments and became a his catalog of time-wasting Saron, the talented skilled observer. "objects to avoid" when comet mathematician who was one of hunting and not for the comets the first men to realize that Edmund Halley had predicted he discovered. William Herschel's Uranus was that the comet of 1682 would in fact a planet, was guillotined a return in late 1758 or early Messier began compiling reports few days after computing the 1759. Using charts that de l'Isle of discoveries by other orbit of a comet that Messier had had incorrectly prepared, astronomers. In fact, only 17 of discovered the previous year. Messier began searching for the the 45 objects in the first Mechain lost his estate and all of comet with a small reflector. On installment of Messier's catalog his savings. With the coming of January 21, 1759 he located the published in 1774 were Napoleon Bonaparte the lives of comet but de l'Isle initially discovered by Messier himself. Messier and Mechain improved refused to let Messier announce (The first object that Messier is greatly. Mechain was made the his discovery. (As fate would given credit for discovering is the director of the Paris Observatory have it the comet was first globular cluster M3 which was and both he and Messier were first located on May 3, 1764.) By (Continued on page 10)

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Event Horizon - Hamilton Amateur Astronomers Page 10 Bret’s Observing Messier ...

Notes (Continued from page 8) admitted to the new Academy of The next Binbrook observing Sciences and the Bureau of nights are March 31, April 1st, Longitudes. Messier received the 7th, 8th . Call Bret Culver 575- cross of the Legion of Honor from 9492 or Marg Walton at 627- Napoleon himself. 7361 or Rob Roy at 692-3245. Also give me a call on my cell Messier made his last discovery in phone at 518-5297 after 8pm 1798. He continued to observe until he suffered a debilitating stroke. on observing nights only Two years later on April 12, 1817 please. he died at the age of 86.

On March 31, I would like to Did you In the twentieth century 7 objects hold a Messier Marathon. A known to have been logged by Messier is when you observe know that... Messier were added to the Messier all 110 Messier objects from Catalog. M110, the final entry, was dusk til dawn. See the March added in 1967. Today it is known issue of Sky and Telescope for the first person that M40 is merely a binary star more information. I will open to explain in and M73 is only an asterism. M102 is thought to be a duplication of the park an hour before dusk. print that there Brink a coffee cup as I will be M101 but NGC 5866 is often brewing coffee on my Coleman is earthshine on accepted as being M102. The true stove. If it’s cloudy I’ll hold the the Moon was identity of M91 is also marathon on April 1st. questionable. Because of an error Leonardo da in their coordinates M47 and M48 Vinci. were at one time deemed to be Bret Culver "lost" Messier objects. Rob Roy (Continued from page 6) Charles Messier was limited as a scientist but he was an astute John Lawson. observational astronomer who studied sunspots, eclipses and occultations in addition to discovering many comets and nebulous objects. He was so totally dedicated to astronomy that when his wife lay dying it was with the greatest reluctance that he left

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

· Tuesday, March 21, 7pm HAJA - We will meet at McMaster University, in the Burke Science Building, room B148. For more information contact Rosa Assalone 540-8793 · March 31st - 1 hour before dusk MESSIER MARATHON - See Bret’s Observing Notes above. · April 1, 7, 8 ~ 8pm BINBROOK OBSERVING NIGHTS - For confirmation or directions call Bret Culver 575-9492, Marg Walton 627-7361, Rob Roy 692-3245 · Friday, April 14, 2000 7:30pm HAA GENERAL MEETING - At the Spectator Building auditorium. · Tuesday, April 18, 2000 7pm HAJA - We will meet at McMaster University, in the Burke Science Building, room B148. For more information contact Rosa Assalone 540-8793

Event Horizon - Hamilton Amateur Astronomers