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Implementation of the Helsinki Accords BASKET III: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HELSINKI ACCORDS HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE NINETY-FIFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HELSINKI ACCORDS VOLUME III INFORMATION FLOW, AND CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGES MAY 19, 24, AND 20, 1977 Printed for the use of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 92-301 WASHINGTON: 1977 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE DANTE B. FASCELL, Florida, Chairman CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island, Co-Chairman DICK CLARK, Iowa JONATHAN B. BINGHAM, New York PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont PAUL SIMON, Illinois RICHARD STONE, Florida SIDNEY R. YATES, Illinois CLIFFORD P. CASE, New Jersey JOHN BUCHANAN, Alabama ROBERT DOLE, Kansas MILLICENT FENWICK, New Jersey R. SPENCER OLIVER, Staff Director.and General Counsel ALFRED FRIENDLY, Jr., Deputy Staff Director GuY CORIDEN, Senior Consultant DARRELL CARTER, Senior Consultant ROBERT RAND, Staff Assistant MARIO LATORRE, Coordinator ANNE SIEGEL, Coordinator (3I) CONTENTS WITNESSES IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HELSINKI ACCORDS: INFORMATION FLOW, AND CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGES Thursday, May 19; 1977: Page Reinhardt, John, director, U.S. Information Agency, and assistant secretary of state for Public Affairs, accompanied by Philip W. Arnold deputy assistant director, USIA ___-_-___-_-_-____ 2 Duffey, Joseph, assistant secretary of state for Educational and Cultural Affairs, accompanied by Yale Richmond, director, Office of Eastern European Programs of the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs- _ _ -------_-_-_-_-_-__11 Mickelson, Sig, president of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, Inc ------------------------------ -------------- 39 Tuesday, May 24, 1977: Marks, Leonard H., former director of USIA, chairman of the U.S. Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs - _ _ 60 Kassof Allen H., executive director of the.International Research and hExchanges Board _ _ -_-_ -_-__ _-_-_- 75 Graham, Loren R., research associate, Program on Science and Inter- national Affairs, Harvard University,, professor of history, Columbia University - _ -_-_ - _-_-__-_-_- 81 Aclelstein, Robert, cochairman of the Committee of Concerned Scientists and head of the Molecular Cardiology Section of the NIH -___________ --------__----___- 99 Wednesday, May 25, 1977: Albert, Leo N., chairman of the board of Prentice-Hall International and Washington Liaison Committee of the American Association of Publishers -_------ _------___------------__ 128 Bernstein, Robert L., president and chairman of the board of Random House, Inc., and former head of the Association of Publishers' International Freedom to Publish Committee -_-________ 146 Loewe, Lothar, West German television correspondent ------------ 164 MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD Thursday, May 19, 1977: A list of exchange programs underway now or within the past month between the United States and the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe submitted by Joseph Duffey -18 Tuesday, May 24, 1977: A list of 11 Soviet-American bilateral exchanges in science and tech- nology submitted by Loren Graham- 86 (III) IV APPENDIX I Cultural, Educational and Scientific Exchange Tuesday, May 24, 1977: Page Open letter from 24 Soviet human rights activists to the president of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. submitted by Jeremy J. Stone, director of Federation of American Scientists -109 Letter with attachments indicating violation of Basket II provision on science submitted by Francis E. Low, professor of physics, MIT- 110 Letter with attachment indicating'violation of Basket II provisions on science submitted by R. J. Higgins, professor of physics, University of Oregon -113 Letter indicating violation of Basket II provisions on science submitted by G. S. S. Ludford, professor of applied mathematics, Cornell University -'- 114 Letter with attachments indicating violation of Basket II provisions on science submitted by E. A. Stern, professor of physics, University of Washington ' d 116 APPENDIX II Information Flow Wednesday, May 25, 1977: Preliminary staff report on the Flow of Information Between Helsinki Signatories, compiled by the Commission staff - 177 Statement of Association of American Publishers on Anatoly Sheharan- sky, submitted by Robert Bernstein -179 Draft protocol (Soviet proposal of April, 1976) between Association of American Publishers and U.S.S.R. State Committee for Printing and Publishing, submitted by Robert Bernstein -181 Draft protocol (U.S. version of April, 1977) between Association of American Publishers and U.S.S.R. Printing and Publishing Com- mittee, submitted by Robert Bernstein -182 Written submission for the record from Freedom House: "An Analysis of Compliance With the Information Section of Basket Three of the Helsinki Accords of 1975"-A Freedom House advisory, submitted by Freedom House, 20 West 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10018- 183 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HELSINKI ACCORDS: IN- FORMATION FLOW AND CULTURAL AND EDUCA- TIONAL EXCHANGES THURSDAY, MAY 19, 1977 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EuRoPE, Washington, D.C. The Commission met, pursuant to notice, at 10 a.m., in room 6202, Dirksen Senate Office Building, HIon. Dante Fascell, chairman, pre- siding. In attendance: Commissioners: Fascell, Fenwick, Stone, Dole, and Pell. Also present: Alfred Friendly, Jr., deputy staff director. OPENING STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN FASCELL M1r. FASCELL. The Commission will come to order. Good morning. Our hearing today is the first of three mornings of testimony on the impact the 1felsinki accords have had on easing and expanding the flow of information and ideas across international and ideological frontiers. In past sessions, the Commission has heard a great deal about the movement of people-or the obstacles to movement-among the 35 signatory States. Now we turn to a field which is just as sensitive, just as important, but not as emnotionally laden as questions of family reunification or unjust imprisonment. The borders which are erected to keep people in, however, are also the obstacles that keep the views of others out. It is the aim of the Helsinki accords to diminish those obstacles-gradually and by mutual agreements-and it is the interest of this Commission to discover how that process is going. From the perspective of the United States, in particular, the Com- mission seeks to discover what obligations our government assumed at H-elsinki to promote and expand the flow of information and culture between societies like ours-where initiatives are private-and the Communist states-where all such activity is centrally controlled. The language of the Final Act provides many openings for better and wider contacts. Vhat we are anxious to discover is who is pushing at those openings, what resistance they are meeting, and how the openings can be made wider. This morning we are fortunate to have two Administration repre- sentatives who are responsible for organizations which carry impor- tant Helsinki responsibilities. John Reinhardt, a career officer, former (1) 2 ambassador and recently Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs, became the director of the U.S. Information Agency in Jan- uary. Joseph Duffey, a distinguished educator and civic activist, is now the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs. Mr. Duffey's office is responsible for planning and direction at the U.S. end of the cultural and educational programs which Mr. Rein- hardt's agency handles overseas. Between them, they are responsible for what people see, hear, and know about America abroad and for exposing Americans as students, as performers, or as audiences to what goes on abroad. Both of them work extensively with private organiza- tions whose activities fit into and should fill out the Helsinki frame- work for expanding the flow of information and ideas. We welcome the chance to hear their views on American compliance in the fields of information, culture and education and to get their opinions on how America, as well as other signatories, can perform better in this important area. Welcome, Mr.,Reinhardt. Mr. REINHARDT. Thank you, AMr. Chairman. I would like to intro- duce my colleague, Philip W. Arnold, Deputy Assistant Director of the USIA. Mr. FASCELL. Welcome, Mr. Arnold. Mr. Duffey, please introduce the gentleman with you. Mr. DuFFEY. With me today is Mr. Yale Richmond, Director, Office of Eastern European Programs of the Bureau of Education and Cul- tural Affairs. Mr. FASCELL. Please proceed, MIr. Reinhardt. STATEMENT OF JOHN REINHARDT, DIRECTOR, USIA, ACCOMPANIED BY PHILIP W. ARNOLD, DEPUTY ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, USIA Mr. REINHARDT. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I have a prepared state- ment with me today which I would like to read. I am very pleased to be here this morning to assist as much as I can in your task of gathering information for the Commission's report on compliance and progress under the Helsinki Final Act. I plan to read a prepared statement, in accordance with your wishes, and then I will be happy to try to answer all questions concerning my area of compe- tence, specifically in connection with certain sections of the Act's Declaration of Principles and the chapter on Cooperation in Humani- tarian and Other Fields, generally referred to as Basket III. To cover those points, I am dividing this statement into three sec- tions. First, Administration's information policy toward the Hel-
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