International Women's Day/4-S

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

International Women's Day/4-S MARCH 16, 1973 25 CENTS VOLUME 37 /NUMBER 10 A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE What the Oglala Sioux are strug_gling for ewitness re ort Wounded Knee, S.D. Indians occupying church on burial grounds of 1890 massacre. Heavily armed federal marshals surround the area. By SKIP BALL to negotiate. In response to the government The duplicity of the government officials is WOUNDED KNEE, S.D., March 7-Federal move, Russell Means, a leader of the American indicated by the fact that three participants officials have called off negotiations with the Indian Movement (AIM), told the press here in the occupation who tried to bring an in­ Indians occupying Wounded Knee. They have today, ''We're making a national appeal for jured person out of Wounded Knee for medi­ announced that their offer to allow people people to come here and witness for them­ cal treatment after getting the agreement of out of Wounded Knee without immediate ar­ selves how this country deals with Indian government representatives were arrested and rest would expire tomorrow at 6 p.m. people.... " jailed. The injured person was also arrested. The government had previously offered to The Indians are hoping a show of popular Meanwhile, the Indian leaders have an­ let the Indians leave with the stipulation that support. will deter the government from a all adult males would have to identify them­ violent attack. In the meantime, approxi­ nounced that their lawyers are negotiating selves, thus laying the basis for future pros­ mately 220 women and children in Wounded for the purchase of the trading post and Cath­ olic Church they occupy. They anticipate they ecution. Knee who were offered the chance to leave soon will be the legal owners of these build- The Indians participating in the occupa­ without giving any identification to federal tion here have made clear they remain willing officials elected to stay. ings. Continued on page 3 International Women's Day/4-s In Brief PHILADELPHIA TEACHERS BACK AT WORK: Most In the Magee decision, the court had ruled, "The state teachers "felt they got the best they could have under should keep to a necessary minimum its interference with the circumstances." This evaluation by one striker is a the individual's desire to defend himself in whatever man­ commonly held opinion among Philadelphia teachers con­ ner he deems best ... that desire can be constitutionally THIS cerning the recent agreement they reached with the city. forced to yield only when it will result in significant prej­ The Philadelphia Federation of Teachers approved the udice to the defendant himself, or in disruption of the contract March 1 after a 51-day strike. (For details on orderly processes of justice. " WEEK'S the contract see last week's Militant.) Drumgo faces murder charges for his participation in The end of the strike came after the Rizzo administra­ the Aug. 21, 1971, events in San Quentin prison in which MILITANT tion, which had tried to break it, was forced to back George Jackson was killed. 4 Abortion rights and down in the face of a threatened city-wide solidarity strike involving the entire labor movement in Philadelphia. Black women GAY ACTIVISTS PICKET INNER CIRCLE 1>INNER: 5 Margaret Sanger CAMDEN 28: Since February the federal government Militant reporter John Lauritsen writes that 100 gay ac­ 9 British general strike has been prosecuting a group of Catholic antiwar ac­ tivists, the maximum allowed by a court order, picketed called tivists known as the Camden 28. Eight of the activists the main entrance of the New York Hilton March 3 during U.S. hypocrisy over were arrested in the process of destroying draft board the annual Inner Circle Dinner for New York politicians Khartoum killings records in August 1971. and political reporters. Several hundred more demon­ strated across the street. 10 Speech by NPAC Two months earlier they had given up the idea of the draft board raid, but a "friend," FBI informer and pro­ The "Outer Circle" demonstration, sponsored by the leader vocateur Robert Hardy, came forward and saved the Gay Activists Alliance, commemorated events at last year's 11 Torture in Saigon jails project. He supplied them with diagrams of the Federal Inner Circle Dinner. At that time gay activists attempting 12 Hanoi protests truce Building and the Camden draft board offices, burglary 1:o distribute leaflets were savagely assaulted by guests violations tools, transportation, money to live on while the raid at the dinner and employees of the Hilton Hotel. The 13 Peace and Freedom was being prepared, and overall leadership. demonstration also called for passage of Intro 4 75, a New York city council bill that would ban discrimina­ meets The arrests were announced at a special Washington, D. C., news conference by former attorney general John tion against homosexuals in housing, jobs, and public 14 Cleveland socialist out­ Mitchell and J. Edgar Hoover. The FBI was able to accommodations. lines transit plan round up 20 people who weren't at the draft board by 15 N.Y. SWP campaign claiming they were all part of the "conspiracy." HIGH SCHOOL RIGHTS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE: On rally Charges against the 28 range from conspiracy to pos­ Feb. 23 a federal district court ruled high school stu­ 16 Food prices soar session of burglary tools. The case of 10 of the defen­ dents have the right to distribute literature in school, have access to outside speakers, and have a hearing 17 Interview with Attica dants has been severed from the others, and one has pleaded guilty to a lesser charge. before being suspended for more than five days. The defendants ruling, which will affect all New Hampshire high schools, 18 Left Opposition in USSR stems from a case brought by Evon Mayo of the Ports­ 19 Debate on French elections mouth High School Black Student Union and Calvan 21 Houston sets pace in Vail of the Young Socialists for Jenness and Pulley there. sales drive Vail reports the suit originated after Andrew Pulley, 24 S. F. child-care protests the Socialist Workers Party candidate for vice-president, had been invited to speak by students at Portsmouth. Pulley was refused admission to the school. Other can­ 2 In Brief didates had previously spoken there, some more than 6 In Our Opinion once, but the administration claimed Pulley "wasn't a Letters bona fide candidate." 7 National Picket Une Portsmouth students went out on strike in response to La Raza en Accion this, and Pulley was able to address them in spite of 8 Great Society the administration. However, the next day 15 students were suspended for leafletting the day before the strike. Women in Revolt The court victory will make it more difficult for school By Any Means Necessary administrators to use such tactics in the future. 20 In Review 21 Militant Gets Around SUPREME COURT TO REVIEW BALLOT CASES: On March 5 the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to review feur cases in which lower courts in California and Texas sus­ WORLD OUTLOOK tained restrictive laws governing ballot status for inde­ 1 Socialists seek to win Mil' on pendent candidates. One of the California suits was over Peronists More than 200 people demonstrated against the Greek dictator­ brought by the Northern California American Civil Lib­ 2 World News Notes ship March 3 outside the U.S. mission to the United Nations. The erties Union on behalf of Gus Hall and Jarvis Tyner, United Hellenic Front called the action in support of the massive the 1972 presidential and vice-presidential candidates of 3 'Chronicle of Current student demonstrations taking place in Greece. Events' the Communist Party. California has the rriost restrictive ballot laws in the 4 Caamano reported RAMSEY CLARK JOINS MAGEE DEFENSE: Militant nation, and any action by the court striking them down killed reporter Michael Schreiber reports from San Francisco would be a significant victory for civil liberties and for that a special order by the California Supreme Court those fighting for democratic election laws. will permit former U.S. attorney general Ramsey Clark to direct the questioning of defense witnesses in the trial HOUSTON POLICE RIGHT ON TOP OF THINGS: of Ruchell Magee. In the Feb. 9 Militant we reported that the Houston head­ In a unanimous decision March 5, the court blasted quarters of the Socialist Workers Party had been broken trial judge Morton Colvin for refusing to seat Clark at into, vandaliz~d, and ransacked. Books, files, and doc­ the defense table. The decision stated, "It is the defen­ uments were stolen. dant's confidence (in his attorney) which is at stake, not Recently, the sherifrs department telephoned the Hous­ that of the court." ton SWP and accused it of dumping trash beside a county On March 6 Clark began questioning Dr. Richard Ko­ road. It seems that the cops had "found" a portion of THE MILITANT misarak, a psychiatrist, who described Magee's early the missing SWP papers. youth in Louisiana. Magee's love affair with a _white VOLUME 37/NUMBER 10 JUST OUT- PAMPHLET ON VIETNAM: Pathfinder MARCH 16, 1973 woman ended in his being unjustly convicted on a charge of aggravated rape brought by the woman's father. At Press has just published The Meaning of the Vietnam CLOSING NEWS DATE-MARCH 7, 1973 the age of 16 he became the youngest inmate at "Amer­ Accords, a pamphlet containing recent articles from The Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS ica's worst prison"- the state penitentiary at Angola. Militant by Barry Sheppard and Dick Roberts. Issues Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS discussed are Nixon's world strategy, the role of Mos­ Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING The defense contends that Magee participated in the escape attempt of several prisoners Aug.
Recommended publications
  • Lithuanian Writers and the Establishment During Late Socialism: the Writers Union As a Place for Conformism Or Escape Vilius Ivanauskas
    LITHUANIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES 15 2010 ISSN 1392-2343 PP. 51–78 LITHUANIAN WRITERS AND THE EStabLISHMENT DURING LatE SOCIALISM: THE WRITERS UNION AS A PLACE FOR CONFORMISM OR ESCAPE Vilius Ivanauskas ABSTRACT This article analyses how the changes in the dominant attitude of local Soviet writers were encouraged, screened or restricted by the Writers Union [WU] through mechanisms of planning, control and even through measures of creating a secure daily environment. The author looks at the tensions and conflicts between writers of different generations, observing less ideology in the younger generation than in their predecessors since the development and dissemination of national images among the declared values of communism were increasing. The union as a system covered both aspects – conformism and the escape (manoeuvre). Though the WU had a strong mechanism of control, it managed to ensure for the writers such a model of adaptation where even those, who were subject to restrictions, had a possibility of remaining within the official structure, through certain compromises, while actually avoiding involvement in dissident activities or samizdat publishing. Introduction In August 1940 a group of Lithuanian intellectuals, most of whom were writers, went off to Moscow “to bring back Stalin’s Sunshine”, at the same time asking for Lithuania to be incorporated into the USSR. Forty eight years later in early June 1988 a few members of the local literary elite joined the initial Sąjūdis Group and from thenceforth stood in the vanguard of the National Revival. These two historic moments, witnessing two contrary breaking points in history, when Lithuanian writers were active participants in events, naturally give rise to the question of how the status and role of writers and their relationship with the Soviet regime changed.
    [Show full text]
  • Conde, Jonathan (2018) an Examination of Lithuania's Partisan War Versus the Soviet Union and Attempts to Resist Sovietisation
    Conde, Jonathan (2018) An Examination of Lithuania’s Partisan War Versus the Soviet Union and Attempts to Resist Sovietisation. Masters thesis, York St John University. Downloaded from: http://ray.yorksj.ac.uk/id/eprint/3522/ Research at York St John (RaY) is an institutional repository. It supports the principles of open access by making the research outputs of the University available in digital form. Copyright of the items stored in RaY reside with the authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full text items free of charge, and may download a copy for private study or non-commercial research. For further reuse terms, see licence terms governing individual outputs. Institutional Repository Policy Statement RaY Research at the University of York St John For more information please contact RaY at [email protected] An Examination of Lithuania’s Partisan War Versus the Soviet Union and Attempts to Resist Sovietisation. Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Research MA History at York St John University School of Humanities, Religion & Philosophy by Jonathan William Conde Student Number: 090002177 April 2018 I confirm that the work submitted is my own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the works of others. This copy has been submitted on the understanding that it is copyright material. Any reuse must comply with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and any licence under which this copy is released. @2018 York St John University and Jonathan William Conde The right of Jonathan William Conde to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Acknowledgments My gratitude for assisting with this project must go to my wife, her parents, wider family, and friends in Lithuania, and all the people of interest who I interviewed between the autumn of 2014 and winter 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • JEWISH HISTORICAL NOTES /7 / R/Zrn /F L/Siinr B Hi Cfrwi/^Stl 4 C Cr\Ri N F 1 Rtti CONTENTS
    RHODE ISLAND JEWISH HISTORICAL NOTES /7 / r/zrn /f l/siinr b Hi cfrwi/^stl 4 c cr\ri n f 1 rtti CONTENTS Cover—Solomon Pareira first Jewish settler in Providence (1838), first President of the Congregation of the Sons of Israel and donor of the first and only Jewish cemetery in Providence. From a crayon portrait by his granddaughter. Preface—Rabbi William G. Braucle, Ph.I) 3 Introduction—Beryl Segal 4 Remarks—David C. Adelman, Esq 5 Jews in the Court Records of Providence (1739-1860) David C. Adelman, Esq 8 Naturalizations—David C. Adelman, Esq II U. S. Court to 1906 12 State Court to 1905 . 54 Jewish Community 1877, David C. Aclelman, Escj 72 Financial Report 75 Membership List 76 Rhode Island Jewish Historical Notes PREFACE In what way does the story of the Jew in America differ from the story of the Jew in other lands? In one important respect. In America, unlike other lands, the Jew was present at the very beginning of things. An Asser Levy in New Amsterdam, a Mordecai Campanall in Rhode Island, an Adolph Sutro arriving in a covered wagon in San Francisco. The number involved is not important. It is important that the Jew was there. It is important that he must be counted as one of the melange of peoples who began the building of America. In Providence, 1854 marks a dual anniversary: Lhe centennial of the first Jewish congregation in Providence and the Tercentenary of Jews in the United States. We observe these events—in part, at least— in order to remind our neighbors of our early presence in this land; and to remind ourselves that religious concernments stimulated the first organized endeavor by Jews in this land—whether it was a syna- gogue, an all-clay school or a cemetery, the concernment was religious.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Annual Report
    2010 Annual Report INCLUDESSPECIALPHOTORETROSPECTIVE CONTACT US AT: NCSJ 2020 K Street NW, Suite 7800 Washington, DC 20006 (202) 898-2500 (202) 898-0822 fax Email: [email protected] Web: www.ncsj.org © 2011 NCSJ. All rights reserved. All photographs are from the archives of NCSJ except where otherwise credited. Front cover: Top row, center, and third row, left-hand side, photos by Ron Sachs/CNP. Back cover: Map © David Swanson/Equator Graphics, Inc. Contents Mission and Background Interview with the Chairman of the Board of Governors .................................................2 From the President . .3 From the Executive Director .......................................................5 Programs and Activities ..............................................6 Highlights of the Year ..................................................7 SPECIAL PHOTO RETROSPECTIVE: 40 YEARS OF HISTORY ....................................................9 Celebrating 40 Years of History Rallies and Protests Activists and Prisoners of Zion Meetings . .15 Jewish Life Reborn .............................16 . .18 .........................................20 Board of Governors Meetings ...............................22 Financial Statement ...........................................24 Donors and Program Funders ....................................................26 ..........................................27 NCSJ Annual Report for 2010 1 Mission and Background MISSION To empower and ensure the security of Jews in the 15 successor states of the former Soviet Union
    [Show full text]
  • The Baltic States
    SAULIUS GRYBKAUSKAS – VLADAS SIRUTAVIČIUS The Baltic States Cultural opposition: Controversies of the Concept Several problems arise when discussing the historiography of cultural opposi- tion in the Baltic States First, and most importantly, Baltic academics and histo- rians have not offered any clear scientific definition of what constitutes cultural opposition. As a result, we are left to consider what the concept of cultural op- position does not mean. In our view, this unclear definition is the product of various factors. As the three Baltic states each fought for and won state inde- pendence, historians from these nations have dedicated most of their attention to discussions of the armed resistance, the operation of Soviet repressive struc- tures and the repression of peaceful civilians. The selection of these themes as research topics can be explained by the fact that such subjects were off limits during the Soviet period, and academics were to conduct academic research according to the prevailing ideological and political parameters. In addition, in the post-Soviet scholarly environment, the positions of various social groups and individuals were described in a simplistic way, with the help of three sche- matic categories: collaborators who expressed active support for the Soviet re- gime; the freedom fighters, who are usually identified with the armed resist- ance movement; and conformists, who have received limited attention thus far. Research agendas were also heavily influenced by the Cold War totalitarian paradigm that postulated that Soviet-type political regimes in Eastern Europe were all monolithic and totalitarian, and there were only minor and insignifi- cant differences between them.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta's
    A Death Transformed: The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta’s Self Immolation, Soviet Lithuania, 1972 Amanda Jeanne Swain A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2013 Reading Committee: Glennys Young, Chair James Felak Guntis Smidchens Program Authorized to Offer Degree: History © Copyright 2013 Amanda Jeanne Swain University of Washington Abstract A Death Transformed: The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta’s Self Immolation, Soviet Lithuania, 1972 Amanda Jeanne Swain Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Glennys Young History “A Death Transformed: The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta’s Self- Immolation, Soviet Lithuania, 1972” explores Soviet and post-Soviet interpretive narratives and political practices in response to two days of street demonstrations that followed the 1972 suicide of a nineteen-year-old man in Soviet Lithuania. My analysis reveals that Communist authorities and participating youth viewed the demonstrations as a struggle over the acceptable boundaries and content of modern Soviet youth culture. Despite extensive evidence that by 1972 youth were actively negotiating the boundaries of what were acceptable activities, Communist authorities and young people operated within an ideological framework that denied young people’s capacity to express discontent with the Soviet system. In post-Communist Lithuania, social and political elites constructed narratives of May 1972 that reclaimed agency by representing the demonstrations alternatively as nationalist dissent, civil resistance or Sixties-style youth protest. The diversity of narratives reflected on-going debates about the nature of post-Communist Lithuanian identity. This work seeks to make significant contributions to the historiography of the Soviet Union and to scholarship on the politics of memory and European integration.
    [Show full text]
  • Protest and Dissent in the Soviet Union: the Unofficial Moscow • Journal, a Chronicle of Current Events, (American Heritage Press, 1972), 18
    •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••r• Glasnost as Speaking TruthisPower: In partialfulfillmentoftherequirements Submitted toProfessorLindaGerstein In LateSovietRussia For theBachelorsinArtsHistory, By ElizabethHeld Haverford College a WeaponofDissent April 20,2012 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••►•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS flour, andeggs. To ProfessorLindaGerstein,whotaughtmethattobakeacakeyouneedbutter,sugar, ii •• iii •• ABSTRACT ••• In 1968, a group of Soviet dissidents began to print their own newspaper, the •• Chronicle of Current Events, and to work with western reporters to spread their message about the illegality of the ruling regime. By using their own media forms, the dissidents •• were able to break the government's monopoly on information. More importantly, they •• used the media technologies to advocate for their two key, interconnected goals of •• glasnost, or openness, and the rule of law. The dissidents made two main arguments. •• First, that glasnost was integral to creating an equitable and fair justice system. Second, that speaking truth was legal and not something the government could prosecute. •• • Glasnost served as both a rallying cry and as a weapon. The dissidents called for openness, but also used their media outlets to expose events the government wished to ••• keep quiet. • In choosing the two mantras of legality and glasnost, the dissidents consciously put themselves in the shadow of previous groups of Russian reformers who had the same ••• demands. They placed themselves in a historical debate. The dissidents also sought to •• differentiate their version of glasnost, complete openness, from various government •• leaders' definitions of the term. •• This thesis seeks to explore the way dissident media outlets forced the dual goals •• of glasnost and respect for the rule of law. It will examine the causes and forms of dissident media, and their relationship to the idea of legality.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Entwicklung Der Jüdischen Gemeinschaft in Russland Nach Dem Zusammenbruch Der Sowjetunion
    Die Entwicklung der jüdischen Gemeinschaft in Russland nach dem Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion. Eine Gemeindestudie Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie der Kulturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Bayreuth vorgelegt von Karin Leipold M.A. aus Fürth angenommen am 5. Februar 2014 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Christoph Bochinger Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Stefan Schreiner Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ______________________________________________________________ 4 1.1 Die jüdische Gemeinschaft in Russland als Gegenstand der Arbeit .................... 5 1.2 Forschungsstand – Das Judentum in Russland im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs ........................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Die Arbeit im Kontext der Religionswissenschaft ................................................ 25 1.4 Aufbau der Arbeit ...................................................................................................... 27 Teil I Hintergrundinformationen 2. Soziologie der jüdischen Gemeinde ______________________________________ 29 2.1 Die Entwicklung der jüdischen Gemeinde – Ein historischer Überblick .......... 30 2.2 Die Typisierung jüdischer Gemeinschaften nach 1945 von Daniel J. Elazar .... 35 3. Geschichte des Judentums in Russland bis zum Ende der Sowjetunion – Ein Überblick __________________________________________________________ 39 3.1 Die jüdische Gemeinschaft in der Sowjetunion ....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE in LITHUANIA a Story of Peaceful Liberation
    NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE IN LITHUANIA A Story of Peaceful Liberation Grazina Miniotaite The Albert Einstein Institution www.aeinstein.org 2 CONTENTS Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Nonviolent Resistance Against Russification in the Nineteenth Century The Goals of Tsarism in Lithuania The Failure of Colonization The Struggle for the Freedom of Religion The Struggle for Lithuanian Press and Education Chapter 2: Resistance to Soviet Rule, 1940–1987 An Overview Postwar Resistance The Struggle for the Freedom of Faith The Struggle for Human and National Rights The Role of Lithuanian Exiles Chapter 3: The Rebirth From Perestroika to the Independence Movement Test of Fortitude The Triumph of Sajudis Chapter 4: Towards Independence The Struggle for Constitutional Change Civil Disobedience Step by Step The Rise of Reactionary Opposition Chapter 5: The Struggle for International Recognition The Declaration of Independence Independence Buttressed: the Battle of Laws First Signs of International Recognition The Economic Blockade The January Events Nonviolent Action in the January Events International Reaction 3 Chapter 6: Towards Civilian-Based Defense Resistance to the “Creeping Occupation” Elements of Civilian-Based Defense From Nonviolent Resistance to Organized Civilian-Based Defense The Development of Security and Defense Policy in Lithuania since 1992 Concluding Remarks Appendix I Appeal to Lithuanian Youth by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania Appendix II Republic in Danger! Appendix III Appeal by the Government of the Republic
    [Show full text]
  • The Observance of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by the Soviet Union
    AO-A093 577 DEPARTM4ENT OF STATE WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF EXTERNAL--ETC F/S 5/14 POLITICAL RIGHTS BY--ETCfUI 17A-A 1- 7 THE OBSERVANCE OF THE COVENANT ON CIVIL AND IUNCLASSIFIED FAR-3013 NL UflMENEMffllf INSTITUTE ON SOC& T LAW V VALERY CHALIDZE N JHE OBSERVANCE OF THE COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS BY THE SOVIET UNION. Chief Consultant- Leon Lipson Consultants: Alexander Volpin I Konstantin Simis co George Ginsburgs Translation of the basic text: George Ginsburgs Collection of examples: Ludmilla Alexeyeva Pavel Litvinov This paper is written to order of the U.S. State Department I 'Lij New York, 1980 I 6'v Was p si fr~D epar~ter! of S~ i DIMUU'RIBTI NST ENT A f4rnea nerem ccu: nc, be .!-erpre!,-j 3z rev ,nt~ Approved for pu-Uc relea ;.;CY :" > "er e <- 9, i,•"-" THE OBSERVANCE OF THE COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS BY THE SOVIET UNION Table of Contents Page Introduction 1 Article 1. The Right of Self-Determination 9 Article 2. The Duty of States Party to the Covenant to 25 Respect and Ensure Human Rights Article 3. The Right of Men and Women to Equal Enjoyment 39 of all Civil and Political Rights Set Forth in the Covenant Article 4. The Right of States Party to the Present 41 Covenant to Take Measures Derogating from their obligations under the Present Covenant Article 5. Protection from Curtailment of any of the Rights 43 and Freedoms Recognized in the Present Covenant Article 6. Protection of the Right to Life 44 Article 7.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anti-Imperialist Empire: Soviet Nationality Policies Under Brezhnev
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2015 The Anti-Imperialist Empire: Soviet Nationality Policies under Brezhnev Jason A. Roberts Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Roberts, Jason A., "The Anti-Imperialist Empire: Soviet Nationality Policies under Brezhnev" (2015). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 6514. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/6514 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Anti-Imperialist Empire: Soviet Nationality Policies under Brezhnev Jason A. Roberts Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Mark B. Tauger, Ph.D., Chair Robert E Blobaum, Ph.D. Joseph M. Hodge, Ph.D. Joshua W. Arthurs, Ph.D. Christian Peterson, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Nationalism in Lithuania
    Religion and Nationalism in Lithuania MARITE SAPIETS In Lithuania, as in neighbouring Poland, the Catholic Church holds a special place in the national consciousness. Lithuania's conversion to Catholicism in the 13th century marked the beginning of its long alliance with Poland: indeed, from 1385 to 1794, the two nations were formally united in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania-Poland, which was the greatest Catholic power in Eastern Europe and at one time stretched from the Baltic to the ,Black Sea. After 1794, when Lithuania and Poland were largely absorbed into the Russian Empire, the Catholic Church in Lithu­ ania found itself ina completely changed situation: from being the state religion, it became the religion of an oppressed non-Russian nation whose rulers elevated their own Russian Orthodox Church to· the position of state church. From the beginning of the 19th century, systematic Russifi­ cation went hand in hand with discrimination against the Catholic Church. In the reign of Nicholas I, most of the lands and monasteries of the·Lithuanian Catholic Church were confiscated and handed over to the Russian Orthodox Church. Lithuanian high schools and academies were closed, Lithuanian national law was abolished and the very use of the term "Lithuania" was officially banned.1 In these circumstances, the Catholic Church came to be seen as a defender of the Lithuanian national heritage. The two great Lithuanian anti-Tsarist revolts of the 19th cen­ tury - in 1831 and 1863 - had strong links with the Catholic Church. After the revolt of 1831, the theological academy of Vilnius - one of the centres of rebellion - was transferred to St Petersburg and the University .
    [Show full text]